(BPT) - Ovarian cancer in women remains one of the most difficult cancers to diagnose. This is partly because its symptoms are not always readily apparent. As a result, a diagnosis may be delayed or initially attributed to another condition, and a diagnosis often comes when the disease is already in later stages - meaning it has spread beyond the ovaries to other areas of the body.
Platinum-based chemotherapy has long been the standard of care for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer. It is often used after surgery, which is done first to remove as much cancerous tissue as possible. This type of chemotherapy works by attacking the cancer cells, damaging the cells' genetic material and leading to cell death.
Even after successful initial treatment with surgery and chemotherapy, cancer cells can remain in the body. These cells may be resistant to the initial therapies, or they may simply be too small to detect. Over time, these cells can grow and form new tumors, causing cancer to return.
Patients whose cancer returns within six months of platinum-containing therapy are said to have "platinum-resistant" ovarian cancer. This means cancer has become resistant to these platinum-based treatments. However, new research may bring options for women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
The Role of Cortisol and the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Ovarian Cancer
Scientists now believe that cortisol may play a role in how tumors respond to chemotherapy.
Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, is a natural hormone that plays a vital role in many processes within the body. Cortisol regulates these processes by binding to a protein called the glucocorticoid receptor. This binding acts like a light switch, turning on a series of cellular signals that impact bodily functions such as regulating metabolism, blood pressure, and cell growth.
The interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and cortisol has also been found to play a role in cancer cells, including ovarian cancer. Turning on that light switch may cause ovarian cancer cells to become resistant to chemotherapy and may impact how well certain chemotherapy treatments work. This can happen even with normal levels of cortisol in the body.
Navigating Recurrence: Your Role and Resources
Because treatment options are limited, especially after disease recurrence, it's important for women diagnosed with ovarian cancer to partner with their care team to better understand their disease and treatment options. This partnership helps them get the best care.
"Not every treatment has the same outcome or response for everyone," explains Rachel, a patient first diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2018. "It's okay and advisable to ask a lot of questions and get second and even third opinions. This gives you information and a fuller picture to inform your personalized, targeted plan. It also helps you know that people are listening to you. This is a journey - people need to support you where you are on this journey."
For women who have faced an ovarian cancer diagnosis, understanding recurrence is a vital part of their ongoing health journey. Here are three things women need to know about recurrence:
Recurrence Is Common. Ovarian cancer can have a high recurrence rate - you are not alone. And new science continues to bring new potential options for women with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
Maintain the Right Mindset. When faced with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer, focusing on what you can control is a good way to stay positive when dealing with the challenges of this disease. While it can be intimidating to ask questions or offer your perspective in the moment, it's important to advocate for yourself and speak up at appointments. This way, you and your care team can work together to find the best way forward.
A Strong Support System Is Critical. Living with recurrent ovarian cancer can be emotionally and physically challenging. Building a strong support system is crucial. Lean on family and friends for emotional and practical support. Consider connecting with other women through support groups to share experiences and find helpful resources. You can also seek help from mental health professionals like therapists or counselors who can help you navigate the emotional toll of recurrence.
For women with ovarian cancer whose disease becomes platinum resistant, it's important to understand this chapter in their journey. Patients can visit IlluminateRecurrence.com to learn more. They can also download resources, such as a discussion guide they can use to ask their doctor about managing recurrence, how to work with their care team and other important topics during their appointments.
