As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 14, 2003
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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FORM 20-F
|_| REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
|X| ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2002
OR
|_| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number: 1-15152
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SYNGENTA AG
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
SWITZERLAND
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
Schwarzwaldallee 215, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
(Address of principal executive offices)
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Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Name of each exchange
Title of each class: on which registered:
American Depositary Shares, each representing
one-fifth of a common share of Syngenta AG,
nominal value CHF 10 each New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to
Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to
Section 15(d) of the Act: None
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Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer's
classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period
covered by the annual report.
112,564,584 Common shares, nominal value CHF 10 each
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all
reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such
shorter period that the registrant was required to file such
reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days.
|X| Yes |_| No
Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant
has elected to follow:
|_| Item 17 |X| Item 18
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Introduction
Nature of Operations
Syngenta AG ("Syngenta", the "Company", "we" or "us") is a world leading
crop protection and seeds business that is involved in the discovery,
development, manufacture and marketing of a range of agricultural products
designed to improve crop yields and food quality. Syngenta is headquartered in
Basel, Switzerland and was formed by Novartis AG ("Novartis") and AstraZeneca
PLC ("AstraZeneca") through an agreement to spin off and merge the Novartis
crop protection and seeds businesses with the Zeneca agrochemicals business to
create a dedicated agribusiness company whose shares were then the subject of a
global offering (the "Transactions").
The Transactions were completed on November 13, 2000 (the "Transaction
Date"). In this annual report, for periods prior to November 13, 2000, we refer
to the businesses contributed to Syngenta by Novartis as the "Novartis
agribusiness" and we refer to the businesses contributed to Syngenta by
AstraZeneca as the "Zeneca agrochemicals business".
Presentation of Financial and Other Information
We have prepared our consolidated financial statements in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), together with a
reconciliation of net income and equity to U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting
Principles (U.S. GAAP). The basis of preparation of the consolidated financial
statements and the key accounting policies are discussed in Notes 1 and 2,
respectively, of the consolidated financial statements. For a discussion of the
significant differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, see Note 33 of the
consolidated financial statements.
For accounting and financial purposes, the Transactions forming Syngenta
are treated as a purchase of Zeneca agrochemicals business by Novartis
agribusiness with effect from November 13, 2000. As such, the consolidated
financial statements do not include the financial results of Zeneca
agrochemicals business prior to November 13, 2000, and are not indicative of
the performance of Syngenta prior to this date.
The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States
dollars, as this is the major currency in which revenues are denominated.
As used in this annual report, "U.S. dollar", or "US$" means the currency
of the United States. "Swiss franc" or "CHF" means the currency of Switzerland,
"British pounds sterling", "British pence", "GBP" and "GB pence" means the
currency of the United Kingdom; and "euro" or "(euro)" means the euro, the
single currency introduced at the start of the third stage of European Economic
and Monetary Union pursuant to the Treaty establishing the European Community,
as amended by the Treaty of the European Union. "EU" refers to the European
Union; "NAFTA" refers to the countries party to the North American Free Trade
Agreement (Canada, Mexico and the United States); and "AME" refers to Africa
and the Middle East.
Certain terms mentioned in this annual report are registered in certain
jurisdictions as our trademarks.
i
Forward-Looking Statements
The statements contained in this annual report that are not historical
facts, including, without limitation, statements regarding management's
expectations, targets or intentions, including for sales, earnings, earnings
per share and synergies, constitute forward-looking statements within the
meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation
Reform Act of 1995, and are based on the current expectations and estimates of
Syngenta's management. Investors are cautioned that such forward-looking
statements involve risks and uncertainties, and that actual results may differ
materially.
We identify the forward-looking statements in this annual report by using
the words "will" or "would", or "anticipates", "believes", "expects", "intends"
or similar expressions. We cannot guarantee that any of the events or trends
anticipated by the forward-looking statements will actually occur. Important
factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results
anticipated in the forward-looking statements include, among other things:
o the complexity of realizing the anticipated synergies following the
integration of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals;
o the risk that research and development will not yield new products that
achieve commercial success;
o the risks associated with increasing competition in the industry,
especially during downturns in commodity crop prices;
o the risk that we will not be able to obtain or maintain the necessary
regulatory approvals for our business;
o the risks associated with potential changes in policies of governments and
international organizations;
o the risks associated with exposure to liabilities resulting from
environmental and health and safety laws;
o the risk that important patents and other intellectual property rights may
be challenged;
o the risk of substantial product liability claims;
o the risk that consumer resistance to genetically modified crops and
organisms may negatively impact sales;
o the risk that our crop protection business may be adversely affected by
increased use of products derived from biotechnology;
o the risks associated with seasonal and weather uncertainties;
o the risk that customers will be unable to pay their debts to us due to
local economic conditions;
o the risks associated with exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates for
foreign currencies;
o the risks associated with entering into single-source supply arrangements;
o the risks associated with operating as an independent entity; and
o other risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict.
Some of these factors are discussed in more detail herein, including under
"Item 3 - Key Information", "Item 4 - Information on the Company", and "Item 5
- Operating and Financial Review and Prospects". Should one or more of these
risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove
incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described herein as
anticipated, believed, estimated or expected. Syngenta does not intend or
assume any obligation to update these forward-looking statements.
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction...................................................................i
Presentation of Financial and Other Information................................i
Forward-Looking Statements....................................................ii
PART I
Item 1 -- Identity Of Directors, Senior Management And Advisers
Not applicable.
Item 2 -- Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
Not applicable.
Item 3 -- Key Information......................................................2
Item 4 -- Information on the Company...........................................7
Item 5 -- Operating and Financial Review and Prospects........................30
Item 6 -- Directors, Senior Management and Employees..........................55
Item 7 -- Major Shareholders and Related Party Transactions...................61
Item 8 -- Financial Information...............................................62
Item 9 -- The Offer and Listing...............................................65
Item 10 -- Additional Information.............................................68
Item 11 -- Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk..........76
Item 12 -- Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 13 -- Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies....................77
Item 14 -- Material Modifications To The Rights Of Security Holders And
Use Of Proceeds Not applicable.
Item 15 -- Conclusions as To Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls........77
Item 16 -- [Reserved] Not applicable.
PART III
Item 17 -- Financial Statements...............................................78
Item 18 -- Financial Statements...............................................78
Item 19 -- Exhibits...........................................................79
Signatures
PART I
ITEM 1 -- IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS
Not applicable.
ITEM 2 -- OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE
Not applicable.
1
ITEM 3 -- KEY INFORMATION
Selected Financial Data
Syngenta has prepared the consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars and
in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), together
with a reconciliation of net income and equity to U.S. Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP). The basis of preparation of the consolidated
financial statements and the key accounting policies are discussed in Notes 1
and 2, respectively, of the consolidated financial statements. For a discussion
of the significant differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, see Note 33 of the
consolidated financial statements.
The selected financial information set out below has been extracted from the
consolidated financial statements of Syngenta or its predecessor. Investors
should read the whole document and not rely on the summarized information.
Financial Highlights
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Year ended December 31,
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998
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Amounts in accordance with IFRS (1)
Income statement data
Sales 6,197 6,323 4,876 4,678 5,040
Cost of goods sold (3,132) (3,199) (2,442) (2,367) (2,430)
Gross profit 3,065 3,124 2,434 2,311 2,610
Operating expenses (2,821) (2,759) (1,434) (1,862) (1,884)
Operating income 244 365 1,000 449 726
Income before taxes and minority interests 49 111 914 325 544
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Net income/(loss) (27) 34 564 135 299
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Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) (0.26) 0.34 7.61 1.97 4.35
per share ($)
Cash flow data
Cash flow from operating activities 802 548 610 618 250
Cash flow from/(used for) investing activities (260) (122) 1,045 (283) (377)
Cash flow from/(used for) financing activities (607) (868) (968) (350) 227
Capital expenditure(4) (165) (253) (185) (185) (201)
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Balance Sheet data
Working capital(4) 1,139 880 (213) 289 229
Total assets 10,526 10,709 11,815 6,593 7,074
Total non-current liabilities (2,938) (3,110) (2,147) (757) (774)
Total liabilities (6,096) (6,550) (7,504) (4,035) (4,410)
Share capital 667 667 667 - -
Total equity 4,350 4,086 4,210 2,481 2,588
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Other supplementary income data
EBITDA (2) 892 936 1,312 713 967
EBITDA excluding Special items (3) 1,154 1,127 856 821 1,081
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Amounts in accordance with U.S. GAAP Sales 6,197 6,323 4,876 4,678 5,040
Net income/(loss) (165) (247) 180 64 169
Total assets (unaudited) 11,020 11,338 12,826 7,944 8,727
Total non-current liabilities (unaudited) (3,133) (3,300) (2,621) (1,175) (1,246)
Total equity 4,533 4,417 4,820 3,491 3,851
Basic and diluted earnings/(loss)
per share ($) (1.62) (2.44) 2.43 0.93 2.46
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2
Notes
(1) Syngenta has prepared the consolidated financial statements in U.S.
dollars and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards
(IFRS), together with a reconciliation of net income and equity to U.S.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP). The basis of
preparation of the consolidated financial statements and the key
accounting policies are discussed in Notes 1 and 2, respectively, to the
consolidated financial statements. For a discussion of the significant
differences between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, see Note 33 of the consolidated
financial statements.
When reading the consolidated financial statements, the following needs to
be considered:
For accounting and financial purposes, the transactions forming Syngenta
are treated as a purchase of Zeneca agrochemicals business by Novartis
agribusiness with effect from November 13, 2000. As such, the consolidated
financial statements do not include the financial results of Zeneca
agrochemicals business prior to November 13, 2000, and are not indicative
of the performance of Syngenta prior to this date.
The consolidated income statements for the twelve months ended December
31, 2002 and 2001 represent the performance of Syngenta in those periods.
The consolidated income statement for the twelve months ended December 31,
2000 is based mainly on the performance of Novartis agribusiness, with the
results of Zeneca agrochemicals business being included only following the
formation of Syngenta on November 13, 2000. The comparatives for 1999 and
earlier periods relate only to Novartis agribusiness.
The consolidated balance sheet shown in the consolidated financial
statements as at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 contains the assets and
liabilities of Syngenta (representing both Novartis agribusiness and
Zeneca agrochemicals business); the 1999 and earlier comparative figures
contain only the assets and liabilities of Novartis agribusiness.
The consolidated cash flow statements for the twelve months ended December
31, 2002 and 2001 represent the performance of Syngenta in those periods.
The consolidated cash flow statement for the twelve months ended December
31, 2000 consists mainly of the cash flows for the full year of Novartis
agribusiness, with cash flows from Zeneca agrochemicals business being
included only following the formation of Syngenta on November 13, 2000.
The comparatives for 1999 and earlier periods relate only to Novartis
agribusiness.
Some costs which have been reflected in the consolidated financial
statements for 2000 and earlier periods are not necessarily indicative of
the costs that Syngenta would have incurred had it operated as an
independent, stand-alone entity for all periods presented. These costs
comprise allocated Novartis corporate overhead, interest expense and
income taxes. Until its combination with Zeneca agrochemicals business,
Novartis agribusiness was not managed as a single strategic business
entity. Instead, the Crop Protection and Seeds businesses were operated by
separate management teams, which were coordinated with strategic
management at the Novartis holding company level. Following the merger
with Zeneca agrochemicals business, Syngenta is a single entity.
(2) EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, tax, minority interests,
depreciation, amortization and impairment. Syngenta has included
information concerning EBITDA because investors use it as one measure of
an issuer's ability to service or incur indebtedness. EBITDA is not a
measure of cash liquidity or financial performance under generally
accepted accounting principles and Syngenta's EBITDA measure may not be
comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. EBITDA
should not be construed as an alternative to operating income or to cash
flow as determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, nor as a measure of liquidity or indicator of Syngenta's
performance. EBITDA is reconciled to operating income in Appendix A of
Item 5.
(3) Special items are material items that management regards as requiring
separate disclosure to provide a more thorough understanding of ongoing
business performance. Special items are comprised of US$396 million,
US$349 million, US$261 million, US$67 million, and US$3 million of
restructuring charges for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001, 2000,
1999 and 1998 respectively; US$3 million and US$68 million of merger costs
for the years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 respectively; and US$41
million and US$129 million of trade receivable write-downs in Latin
America, Russia and Ukraine for the years ended December 31, 1999 and 1998
respectively. These charges were partially offset by gains on disposals of
US$75 million, US$785 million and US$18 million for the years ended
December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1998 respectively.
(4) These measures are defined in Appendix A of Item 5.
3
Risk Factors
Our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer
material adverse effects due to any of the following risks. We have described
all the risks that we consider material but the risks described below are not
the only ones we face. Additional risks not known to us or that we now consider
immaterial may also impair our business operations.
Integrating Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals business may
prove to be disruptive and could have an adverse effect on our revenues, levels
of expenses and operating results following the Transactions
Following the formation of Syngenta in November 2000, Syngenta started to
realize substantial cost benefits resulting from, among other things, an
expanded customer base and complementary product portfolios, broader sales and
service networks, and an outstanding research and development platform. Such
plans to save costs involve termination of employees, integration of systems
and the closure of duplicate head office, research and development and
manufacturing facilities. Their implementation has not been fully completed and
realizing all the expected benefits and synergies of the Transactions will
depend, in part, upon whether the integration of the operations can be
completed in an efficient and effective manner.
The substantial resources we devote to research and development may not
result in commercially viable products
Research and development in the agribusiness industry is expensive and
prolonged, and entails considerable uncertainty. The process of developing a
novel crop protection product or plant variety typically takes about six to ten
years from discovery through testing and registration to initial product
launch, but this period varies considerably from product to product and country
to country. Because of the complexities and uncertainties associated with
chemical and biotechnological research, compounds or biotechnological products
currently under development may not survive the development process and
ultimately obtain the requisite regulatory approvals needed to market such
products. Even when such approvals are obtained, there can be no assurance that
a new product will be commercially successful. In addition, research undertaken
by competitors may lead to the launch of competing or improved products which
may affect sales of our new products.
We face increasing competition in our industry, especially during downturns
in commodity crop prices
We currently face significant competition in the markets in which we
operate. The basis of competition includes availability of new products,
product range, price and customer service. In most segments of the market, the
number of products available to the grower is steadily increasing as new
products are introduced. At the same time, an increasing number of products are
coming off patent and are thus available to generic manufacturers to produce.
As a result, we anticipate that we will continue to face new and different
competitive challenges.
Although pricing of products is only one of a series of factors affecting
competition, it intensifies the competitive environment in our industry.
Movements in commodity crop prices significantly affect our results. This can
result not only in reduced sales, but also in competitive price pressure in
certain of our markets when commodity crop prices are depressed, as we have
experienced in recent years. These fluctuations may negatively impact our
business, financial condition or results of operations in the future.
We may not be able to obtain or maintain the necessary regulatory approvals
for some of our products, and this would restrict our ability to sell those
products in some markets
Our products must obtain regulatory approval before we can market them and
we may not be able to obtain such approvals. In most markets, including the
United States and EU, our crop protection products must be registered after
being tested for safety, efficacy and environmental impact. In most of our
principal markets, after a period of time, we must also re-register our crop
protection products and show that they meet all current standards, which may
have become more stringent since the prior registration. For seeds products, in
the EU, a new plant variety will be registered only after it has been shown
that it is distinct, uniform, stable, and better than existing varieties.
Standards and requested trial procedures are continuously changing.
Responding to these changes and meeting existing and new requirements may be
costly and burdensome. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in doing
so in all our principal markets or for every product.
Changes in the agricultural policies of governments and international
organizations may prove unfavorable
In subsidized markets such as the EU and Japan, reduction of subsidies to
growers or increases in set-aside farm acreage may inhibit the growth of crop
protection and seeds markets. In Europe, there are various pressures to reduce
subsidies, for example from the forthcoming World Trade Organization ("WTO")
negotiations and the enlargement of the EU to include Central European
countries. However, it is difficult to predict accurately whether and when such
changes will occur. Japan is also under WTO pressure to reduce subsidies, and
is doing so in a gradual manner. We expect that the policies of governments and
international organizations will continue to affect the operating results of
the agribusiness industry, and accordingly the income available to growers to
purchase crop protection and seeds products.
We are subject to stringent environmental and health and safety laws,
regulations and standards which result in costs related to compliance and
remediation efforts that may adversely affect our results of operations and
financial condition
We are subject to a broad range of environmental and health and safety
laws, regulations and standards in each of the jurisdictions in which we
operate, which are becoming increasingly stringent. This results in significant
compliance costs and exposes us to legal liability. The laws, regulations and
standards relate to, among other things, air emissions, waste water
4
discharges, the use and handling of hazardous materials, waste disposal
practices, clean-up of existing environmental contamination and the use of
chemicals by growers.
Environmental and health and safety laws, regulations and standards expose
us to the risk of substantial costs and liabilities, including liabilities
associated with assets that have been sold and activities that have been
discontinued. In addition, many of our manufacturing sites have a long history
of industrial use. As is typical for businesses like ours, soil and groundwater
contamination has occurred in the past at some sites, and might occur or be
discovered at other sites in the future. Disposal of waste from our business at
off-site locations also exposes us to potential remediation costs. Consistent
with past practice we are continuing to investigate and remediate or monitor
soil and groundwater contamination at a number of these sites. Despite our
efforts to comply with environmental laws, we may face remediation liabilities
and legal proceedings concerning environmental matters.
Based on information presently available, we have budgeted capital
expenditures for environmental improvement projects and have established
provisions for known environmental remediation liabilities that are probable
and reasonably capable of estimation. However, we cannot predict environmental
matters with certainty, and our budgeted amounts and established provisions may
not be adequate for all purposes. In addition, the development or discovery of
new facts, events, circumstances or conditions, including future decisions to
close plants which may trigger remediation liabilities, and other developments
such as changes in law or increasingly strict enforcement by governmental
authorities, could result in increased costs and liabilities or prevent or
restrict some of our operations.
Third parties may challenge some of our intellectual property rights or
assert we have infringed theirs
Scientific and technological innovation is critical to the long-term
success of our businesses. However, third parties may challenge the measures
that we take to protect processes, compounds, organisms and methods of use
through patents and other intellectual property rights, and as a result, our
products may not always have the full benefit of intellectual property rights.
Third parties may also assert that our products violate their intellectual
property rights. As the number of biotechnological products used in agriculture
increases and the functionality of these products further overlap, we believe
that we may become increasingly subject to infringement claims. Even claims
without merit are time-consuming and expensive to defend. As a result of these
claims, we could be required to enter into license arrangements, develop
non-infringing products or engage in litigation that could be costly.
We may be required to pay substantial damages as a result of product
liability claims for which insurance coverage is not available
Product liability claims are a commercial risk for us, particularly as we
are involved in the supply of chemical products which can be harmful to humans
and the environment. Courts have awarded substantial damages in the United
States and elsewhere against a number of crop protection and seeds companies in
past years based upon claims for injuries allegedly caused by the use of their
products. A substantial product liability claim that is not covered by
insurance could have a material adverse effect on our operating results or
financial condition. As of November 13, 2000 a global general and products
liability insurance program has been in place for Syngenta.
Consumer and government resistance to genetically modified organisms may
negatively affect our public image and reduce sales
We are active in the field of genetically modified organisms in the seeds
area and in biotechnology research and development in seeds and crop
protection, currently with a focus on NAFTA and Latin America. However, the
high public profile of biotechnology and lack of consumer acceptance of
products to which we have devoted substantial resources could negatively affect
our public image and results. The current resistance from consumer groups,
particularly in Europe, to accepting products based on genetically modified
organisms because of concerns over their effects on food safety and the
environment, may spread to and influence the acceptance of products developed
through biotechnology in other regions of the world, which could limit the
commercial opportunities to exploit biotechnology. In addition, some government
authorities have enacted and others in the future might enact regulations
regarding genetically modified organisms which may delay and limit or even
prohibit the development and sale of such products.
Our crop protection business may be adversely affected by increased use of
products derived through biotechnology
The adoption of the products derived through biotechnology could have a
negative impact on areas of our traditional crop protection business. This may
not be redressed by the opportunities presented to our seeds business, which is
more actively pursuing products developed through biotechnology. Crop
protection accounted for 85% of sales in 2002, whereas seeds accounted for 15%
of sales. The area of our crop protection business where genetically modified
seeds have had the largest adverse impact to date is that of selective
herbicides for use on oilseed crops.
Our results may be affected by seasonal and weather factors
The agribusiness industry is subject to seasonal and weather factors,
which make its operations relatively unpredictable. The weather can affect the
presence of disease and pests in the short term on a regional basis, and
accordingly can affect the demand for crop protection products and the mix of
products used (positively or negatively).
5
Our customers may be unable to pay their debts to us due to local economic
conditions
Normally we deliver our products against future payment. Our credit terms
vary according to local market practice, but for Europe and NAFTA our credit
terms usually range from 30 to 100 days. However, our customers are exposed to
downturns in the local economy which may impact their ability to pay their
debts, which could adversely affect our results. Normally losses in this
respect are not material, but in abnormal conditions there can be a significant
impact.
Currency fluctuations may have a harmful impact on our financial results or
may increase our liabilities
Even though the U.S. dollar is the most significant currency for Syngenta,
a substantial portion of our sales and product costs is denominated in
currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in the values of these
currencies, especially in the U.S. dollar against the Swiss franc, British
pound and Euro, can have a material impact on our financial results. These
effects might result from changes in the U.S. dollar value of transactions
effective in other currencies, or they can result from the fact that income and
expense items related to a particular transaction or activity are denominated
in different currencies.
We maintain a single supplier for some raw materials, which may affect our
ability to obtain sufficient amounts of those materials
Generally, we maintain multiple sources of supply and obtain our supply of
raw materials from a number of countries. However, there are a limited number
of instances where we have entered into single-source supply contracts or where
we routinely make spot purchases from a single supplier in respect of active
ingredients, intermediates or raw materials for certain important products
where there is no viable alternative source or where there is sufficient
commercial benefit and security of supply can be assured. Such single supplier
arrangements account for approximately 20% of our purchases of active
ingredients, intermediates and raw materials, as determined by cost. We cannot
assure you that our ability to obtain sufficient amounts of those materials
will not be adversely affected by unforeseen developments that would cause us
to lose a supplier without notice.
We will be exposed to changes in the market rate of interest which may
adversely affect our results
We are exposed to changes in the market rate of interest. Our treasury
policy strives to limit this exposure by applying appropriate hedging with
derivative financial instruments. However, such hedging may not be successful
and changes in interest rates may thus negatively affect our results.
For a period of three years Syngenta is limited in its ability to sell
shares and this restriction could prevent Syngenta from adapting to changing
industry conditions
Under the terms of the tax deed entered into between Syngenta and
Novartis, Syngenta is limited in its use of treasury shares for three years
after the completion of the Transactions. This limitation could prevent us from
adapting to changing industry conditions or from benefiting from favorable
financing opportunities.
Syngenta's share price may be volatile and subject to sudden and significant
drops
The trading price of the shares and the ADRs has been, and could in the
future continue to be, subject to significant fluctuations in response to
variations in Syngenta's financial performance, regulatory and business
conditions in our industry, general economic trends and other factors, some of
which are unrelated to the operating performance of Syngenta.
If you hold Syngenta ADRs or if you hold your Syngenta shares through VPC or
as CREST Depositary Interests ("CDIs"), it may be more difficult for you to
exercise your rights
The rights of holders of Syngenta ADRs are governed by the deposit
agreement between Syngenta and The Bank of New York. The rights of holders of
Syngenta shares held through VPC (the Swedish central securities depositary)
are governed by the agreement between VPC and Syngenta. The rights of holders
of CDIs are governed by the arrangements between CREST and Syngenta and Lloyds
TSB Registrars and Syngenta.
These rights are different from those of holders of Syngenta shares,
including with respect to the receipt of information, the receipt of dividends
or other distributions, the exercise of voting rights and attending
shareholders' meetings. As a result, it may be more difficult for you to
exercise those rights.
6
ITEM 4 -- INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY
History and Development of the Company
The Company
Syngenta AG was formed in November 1999 under the laws of Switzerland and
became a public company in November 2000. Syngenta is domiciled in and governed
by the laws of Switzerland. It has its registered office and principal business
office at Schwarzwaldallee 215, 4058 Basel, Switzerland. The telephone number
of Syngenta is 41-61-323-1111.
Syngenta was created by Novartis AG and AstraZeneca PLC through an
agreement to spin off and merge the Novartis crop protection and seeds business
and the Zeneca agrochemicals business to create a dedicated agribusiness
company whose shares were then the subject of a global offering.
The company is listed on the Swiss Stock Exchange (SWX) under the symbol
SYNN, the London Stock Exchange under the symbol SYA, the New York Stock
Exchange under the symbol SYT and the Stockholm Stock Exchange under the symbol
SYN.
Even prior to the Transactions, Novartis agribusiness was a leading
supplier of crop protection products and seeds. Novartis agribusiness operated
in more than 120 countries worldwide and employed approximately 15,500
permanent employees at the time of the Transactions. Novartis agribusiness had
US$4,678 million in sales in 1999, making it the world's second largest
agribusiness company. Its parent company, Novartis AG, was created by the
merger of Sandoz AG ("Sandoz") and Ciba-Geigy AG ("Ciba-Geigy") in December
1996. Through this merger, Sandoz's and Ciba-Geigy's seed and crop protection
businesses, which had existed since the 1930's, became Novartis agribusiness.
Novartis agribusiness subsequently enlarged its portfolio and geographic reach
through acquisitions.
Zeneca agrochemicals business was one of the world's leading suppliers of
crop protection products in terms of sales prior to the Transactions. Its sales
in 1999 totaled US$2,657 million. Zeneca agrochemicals business operated in
more than 120 countries worldwide and employed approximately 8,300 people at
December 31, 1999. Zeneca agrochemicals business was demerged from ICI PLC in
1993, together with the pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals businesses. ICI
had originally entered the agrochemicals market in the 1930's.
The Demergers and Combinations to Form Syngenta
The boards of directors of Novartis and AstraZeneca announced on December
2, 1999 that they had unanimously agreed to spin-off and merge Novartis
agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals business. These transactions were
effected by means of the demerger of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca
agrochemicals business from the remaining businesses of Novartis and
AstraZeneca, and the combination of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca
agrochemicals business into Syngenta, subject to the conditions and further
terms described in this annual report below under "Item 10 - Additional
Information - Material Contracts".
Regulatory Approval
The required waiting period for completion of the Transactions under the
U.S. Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, ended on
November 1, 2000. Novartis and AstraZeneca divested certain businesses,
principally acetochlor-based products which are sold under a number of trade
names, including Surpass(R), and the businesses associated with the strobilurin
fungicide product line Flint(R), which comprises the range of products based on
the chemical trifloxystrobin and includes the brands
Flint(R)/Stratego(R)/Twist(R)/Sphere(R)/Agora(R) and Rombus(R). The FTC
provisionally approved an Agreement Containing Consent Orders including these
divestitures and the Transactions as of November 1, 2000 and Syngenta was
formed on November 13, 2000. The FTC gave final approval to the Agreement
Containing Consent Orders as of December 22, 2000.
In addition, Novartis and AstraZeneca were required, prior to completing
the Transactions, to obtain approval from the European Commission. Following
discussions with the European Commission, Novartis and AstraZeneca offered
commitments to the European Commission to divest some businesses, principally
businesses associated with the strobilurin fungicide product line Flint(R) and
acetochlor-based product ranges which were also sold to obtain FTC approval. On
the basis of these commitments the European Commission approved the
Transactions on July 26, 2000. The parties fulfilled their commitments in
December 2001.
Possible Retroactive Tax Consequences of the Transactions for Syngenta
Switzerland
Under the terms of the Swiss tax rulings obtained by Novartis and granted
by the Swiss Federal and certain Cantonal Tax Administrations, certain
transactions qualified as tax-privileged transactions under Swiss tax laws
provided the transactions are effected in a manner consistent with the ruling.
The tax-privileged treatment of these transactions set forth above is
subject to the following conditions:
Novartis confirmed to the Swiss Federal and Cantonal Tax Administrations
that the demerger of Novartis agribusiness was not being made with the
intention to sell Novartis agribusiness to a third party, and that no plan
exists to concentrate the majority of the Syngenta shares in the hands of a
single shareholder or related group of shareholders. If, however, such a
concentration were to occur within five years from the date of the demerger,
the Swiss Federal and Cantonal Tax Administration might revoke the benefits
7
of the tax privileged transactions and assess corporate income and real estate
gains taxes on the excess of the fair market value over the tax value of the
transferred Novartis agribusiness determined as of the date of the transfer
(real estate gains taxes would only be levied on real estate involved in the
transaction). Furthermore, the transfers of real estate assets would be subject
to real estate transfer taxes. Corporate and real estate gains and additional
real estate transfer taxes might also be due if Syngenta were to dispose of
voting rights of certain Swiss subsidiary companies which were involved in
tax-free transactions for Swiss corporate income, Swiss real estate gains or
transfer tax purposes in the course of the separation of Novartis agribusiness.
Under the terms of the tax rulings, Syngenta would have to bear the corporate
income and real estate gains taxes so assessed.
Should the majority of Syngenta shares be transferred in the course of
another tax privileged transaction (e.g., a merger), however, taking place
within the five-year blocking period, the retroactive taxation would not be
triggered if certain conditions are fulfilled.
If a shareholder or a group of shareholders acting in concert were to
acquire, directly or indirectly, more than one third of the voting rights of
either Syngenta or a subsidiary of Syngenta which has been involved in tax-free
transactions for Swiss stamp duty purposes within five years from the
completion of the Transactions, then Syngenta or such other subsidiary would
have to pay Swiss stamp duty in the amount of 1% of the fair market value of
the issued shares as per the date of the completion of the Transactions. If,
however, more than one third of the voting rights of such company were
transferred in the course of another tax-privileged transaction (e.g., a
merger) taking place within the five-year blocking period, such retroactive
taxation would not be triggered.
The possible adverse tax consequences to Syngenta described above may
discourage future transactions involving a change in control of Syngenta.
Under the tax deed between Syngenta and Novartis, Syngenta has agreed with
Novartis to be liable, subject to certain limitations, for the payment of all
Swiss withholding or other Swiss taxes and duties arising out of or that are
connected to Novartis agribusiness whether such taxes become due prior to or
after the completion of the Transactions as set forth in the master agreement
and the tax deed between Novartis and Syngenta.
United States
Under Section 355(e) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, Novartis may be
held liable for U.S. federal income tax in respect of its distribution of
Novartis Agribusiness Holding Inc. if shareholders of Novartis failed to
continue to own, indirectly through their ownership of Syngenta shares or ADRs,
more than 50% of the stock of Novartis Agribusiness Holding Inc., and such
failure is attributable to a plan found to exist as of the time of such
distribution.
In this regard, under the terms of the tax deed entered into between
Syngenta and Novartis, Syngenta was prevented from substantially changing its
shareholder base for at least two years after the completion of the
Transactions, which period ended in 2002. In the event that Syngenta did take
any such actions, it would be required, under the terms of the tax deed with
Novartis, to indemnify Novartis for any resulting tax liabilities incurred
under U.S. federal income tax law. This indemnity would cover, in particular,
any U.S. federal income tax liability arising to Novartis if such actions
caused the demerger of the Novartis agribusiness no longer to be treated as a
tax-free spin-off for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See "Item 10 -
Additional Information - Material Contracts - The Separation Agreements - Tax
Deed between Novartis and Syngenta".
Investments
Investments
In 2002 payment of US$120 million was made to obtain worldwide, exclusive
rights to the insecticide thiamethoxam. In 2001, the main investment made by
Syngenta was the increase in equity in Tomono Agrica KK Ltd (Japan). In 1999
Novartis agribusiness increased its equity investment to 50% and gained
management control. In September 2001 Syngenta bought a further 50% of Tomono
Agrica's shares, taking its shareholding to 100%. In 2002, Syngenta announced
an offer to buy the publicly held minority interest of Syngenta India Limited
and in another transaction to grant an exclusive, royalty-free perpetual
license for certain intellectual property for use in the pharmaceutical field
to Diversa Corporation in exchange for stock and warrants representing 14% and
3% of Diversa's outstanding stock proforma for the equity issuances. Both of
these transactions were completed in 2003 and are described in more detail in
Note 35 to the consolidated financial statements.
Divestments
Novartis, AstraZeneca and Syngenta made several divestments in order to
satisfy conditions imposed by the FTC and the European Commission in connection
with the formation of Syngenta. The divestments completed in 2000 included the
sale of acetochlor-based herbicide products to Dow AgroSciences LLC and the
selling of the strobilurin fungicide product line Flint(R) to Bayer AG. The
divestments completed in 2001 include the sales of the grass herbicide
propaquizafop and the pyrethroid insecticide tau-fluvalinate to Makhteshim Agan
Industries Ltd, the sale of its sulcotrione herbicide Mikado(R) in the European
Economic Area to Bayer AG, the divestment of its global flutriafol fungicide
business to Cheminova A/S and the divestment to Makhteshim Agan Ltd. of its
former Novartis cereal fungicide product range in Denmark, Sweden and Finland.
All divestments required to satisfy the conditions imposed by the FTC and the
European Commission in connection with the formation of Syngenta were completed
before the end of 2001 and there were no major business or product divestments
in 2002.
8
Our Strategy
Our aim is to deliver significant increases in profitability and cash
flow, and create value for our shareholders, through being the leading provider
of innovative products and solutions to growers and the food and feed chain.
There are five principal components to our strategy to achieve this goal:
Capitalize on the strengths of our global crop protection and seeds businesses
One of our key strengths is our broad base of strong, profitable products
in our two stand-alone divisions: crop protection and seeds. We build on these
strengths by continuing to run crop protection and seeds as independent
divisions with strong management focus and accountability, while applying
common systems and performance measures to achieve the transparency necessary
to deliver to corporate expectations. Wherever possible we look for
opportunities to capture synergies across these two divisions. These are
primarily expected to be achieved in research and development and marketing and
support services.
Actively manage the product portfolio, focus on growers' needs and the demands
of the entire feed and food chain, and deliver increasingly tailored local
solutions
We seek to balance the global management of strong individual products and
local customization to meet growers' needs by:
o Focusing on a core range of products tailored for local needs. We direct
our research and development activities principally to a core range of
global products in an optimized array of formulations adapted to meet
local needs, while rationalizing non-core products over time. This
continues to drive sales while exploiting operational efficiencies.
o Meeting the demands of growers and the downstream food and feed chain.
Growers need inputs that will help them meet the increasing demands for
more affordable, healthier, higher quality foods and feeds. These range
from generalized demands from consumers to specific demands from
processors and retailers that appear as recommendations, lists and
protocols of qualifying inputs. Accordingly, a key element of our strategy
is to ensure that we fully understand the diverse needs and expectations
of these customer segments which vary by region, crop and crop
destination, and furthermore help meet these needs and expectations with
practical, sustainable solutions. Syngenta intends to accomplish this by
focusing its global marketing and distribution network to deliver the
highest quality service and support and to build deep, lasting
relationships with these customer segments. This understanding drives our
development effort and research targeting.
o Providing tailored solutions and channel management. We offer value-adding
solutions tailored to local customer needs. While strong, branded products
are critical to our success, Syngenta is more than the sum of these
products. Increasingly, growers are looking for integrated solutions for
their needs. They want a range of products and service offerings and
combinations developed specifically for their crop and seed technology
requirements. Accordingly, tailored solutions are often highly localized.
These solutions increasingly include crop protection products, seeds,
diagnostic testing, field services, performance assurances, information
support and e-business tools. We believe we are positioned to be the
leading supplier of these tailored solutions given our product breadth and
marketing reach.
Syngenta enjoys strong and long-standing relationships with its major
channel partners in all territories worldwide. Technological, social and
economic drivers are creating new distribution options and changing
historic patterns of influence in the markets. Syngenta works closely with
its channel partners to understand these influences. We will seek to
develop our relationships in order to position Syngenta broadly for these
changes while pursuing a strategy of deepening our understanding of the
needs of growers and the downstream food and feed chain.
Exploit research and development opportunities that have the potential to
deliver innovative products and solutions from a lower proportionate investment
Continued investment in technology and development capabilities is a
critical part of Syngenta's future growth. We believe that investments in these
areas will add value to the crop protection and seeds businesses in the form of
new products and, in due course, lead to new business opportunities. In
addition, our scale allows us to build and exploit a range of important
platforms, and deliver greater product and solution benefits to growers and the
entire food and feed chain. We expect to achieve this while investing a lower
percentage of revenue than most of our peers.
We aim to:
o Discover and bring to market new products with improved efficacy and
safety profiles which contribute to the development of sustainable
agriculture
In the past decade there has been a paradigm shift in methodology for
generation of leads for new chemical products. The integration of genomics
to identify targets and establish modes of action together with fast
high-throughput automated screens to detect leads has provided a powerful
engine for lead discovery and optimization. Similarly, techniques such as
toxicogenomics and environmental profiling are minimizing the attrition
rate in the development process.
We focus on improved ways to direct our research towards areas of health
and environmental safety. An example of the success delivered by the
process is given by AMISTAR(R). Based upon a benign profile the time from
test tube to market for AMISTAR(R) was seven years and it became the
world's largest-selling proprietary fungicide three years after launch.
9
o Harness the full potential of our established products and technologies
including extending their lifecycles through research and development
activities
We believe we possess the broadest chemical crop protection range in the
industry. We plan to refresh and improve this range, both as individual
compounds and as innovative mixture partners. We employ some of the best
scientists in chemistry, physiology, bioperformance enhancement and
formulation to achieve our objective. Attractive opportunities exist for
combinations of products to provide tailored crop solutions for the
specific requirements of growers. We believe that the integration of
chemical and gene-based solutions offers a particularly attractive
opportunity for the future.
In process chemistry, we are dedicated to improving existing manufacturing
routes and to innovating routes to key products in our existing range to
ensure the optimal cost base.
o Continue to build strong germplasm in target seeds segments that will
provide a delivery vehicle for emerging technologies and assistance to
traditional breeding
Advances in biotechnology have revolutionized progress in crop
improvement. Marker-assisted breeding is powerful in trait selection for
new varieties and also for significantly accelerating the breeding
process.
Crop improvement programs represented in Syngenta's current research
projects are exemplified by:
o Self-protection against pests and diseases (e.g., in insect-resistant
corn and cotton, disease-resistant wheat and rice, herbicide tolerant
corn)
o Productivity improvements, higher and more reliable yields and
improved crop composition (e.g., in high sugar concentrated sugar
beet and high yield oilseed rape)
o Agronomic benefits such as drought, heat and cold tolerance, and
adaptation to saline conditions (e.g., winter hardiness of oilseed
rape)
o Improved safety and nutritional quality of animal feed (e.g., low
phytate corn and high protein corn)
o Corn enhanced through biotechnology that expresses high levels of
amylase for ethanol production (improved process efficiency will lead
to substantial environmental benefits and production cost savings)
o Improved quality of food crops and better processing characteristics
(e.g., improved wheat for breadmaking)
o Dietary contributions to health (e.g., high beta-carotene rice)
We believe our skills and experience in health assessment, human safety
and risk assessment are key to success. We believe that we are well
positioned to lead the development of human nutrition through crops by
focusing upon the dietary component of health delivered through a food
matrix.
o Capture value of innovation and technologies through an industry-leading
patent portfolio and by the creation of new ventures
Innovations based upon biochemical processes can enjoy broad utility
outside the scope of a conventional agribusiness, or indeed in very
different business areas. In the case of the former, Syngenta pursues
growth opportunities largely in-house. In the case of the latter, several
of our developments can produce intellectual property of equal relevance
to discovery programs in the pharmaceutical industry. We shall continue to
develop our outlicensing business by broad exploitation of our
intellectual property. In this context, it is noteworthy that Syngenta's
biotechnology intellectual property portfolio, as a percentage of patents
filed worldwide until 2002, is among the largest in the agribusiness
industry.
o Leverage our broad set of technology partners and internal business
development functions to create new business opportunities
Syngenta regards collaboration with external scientists as a critical
competence. Syngenta has numerous collaborations with institutes and
companies worldwide. We intend to use our external network to enrich
in-house programs in the quest for the next generation of technology.
o Plant biotechnology
We believe we are one of very few global agribusiness companies that is
well positioned to develop products based on biotechnology, because of our
multi-disciplinary understanding of the fundamental science involved and
global capability. It is our intention to devote an appropriate, sustained
and competitive level of resources to pursuing the opportunities we
believe biotechnology can deliver.
We believe that through plant biotechnology, we have the potential to
bring considerable benefits to mankind in both developed and developing
countries. We remain committed to the use of gene-based technologies that
are safe and effective. At the same time we recognize the current public
concerns which attend biotechnology. These attitudes vary greatly from
region to region. In North America and many emerging countries, this
technology has been generally accepted. However, in Europe, genetic
modification as a route to novel foods and feed is being challenged.
Political parties, consumer groups, and some
10
governments have expressed their concerns in terms of food safety and
environmental issues. The legislative process in the EU has been delayed
and a clear regulatory system is not yet available.
Syngenta is a major participant in the public debate. Our activities have
been conducted in conjunction with our local constituencies and through
trade associations around the world. Our approach to our involvement in
biotechnology has been one of openness and dissemination of information
based upon:
o education through provision of information about plant science and
genetics
o clear statement of the benefits of biotechnology in terms of cost and
quality
o emphasis on consumer choice
Syngenta's approach to innovation takes into full consideration the range
of public attitudes around the world. For instance in Europe, it will be
important to lead with products with a clear consumer benefit. In the
developing world, the promise of biotechnology for food production and
health improvement is considerable. For example, we are developing a
variety of `Golden Rice' which produces beta-carotene, a precursor of
vitamin A which is otherwise absent. In many developing countries, vitamin
A deficiency is a common cause of illness and is an important contributor
to blindness, especially in children. As Syngenta's science develops, we
will introduce techniques which mitigate perceived risks. For example, we
have introduced a novel marker gene system called POSITECH(TM) as a novel
and efficient alternative to antibiotic resistance markers.
As the public becomes more informed about products with consumer benefits
and about the use of science to explore and understand safety issues and
risks, we believe that products created through biotechnology will gain
widespread public acceptance. However, public reaction to biotechnology
continues to evolve and we cannot provide assurance that such products
will receive the wide support that we anticipate.
Continue to enjoy savings from our synergy program to help maintain our
competitiveness. The synergy program has realized $197 million of savings in
2002 with $92 million delivered in the second half. Since the start of the
program in 2000, annualized savings of $362 million have been achieved. A
further $138 million are targeted for delivery in 2003 with the complete
program increased in 2002 to US$625 million of savings by the end of 2005
(previously US$525 million by the end of 2004).
At the time of merger, US$525 million of total cost savings were
identified through the implementation of synergy programs at an estimated cost
of US$900 million. This was increased in 2002 to forecast annualized cost
savings of US$625 million at a projected total cash cost of US$1,000 million.
The cumulative cash cost to date related to the merger, integration and synergy
program is US$725 million. Synergy programs relate to the following three
areas:
o Cost of goods sold: During 2002, we achieved savings of US$60
million, to add to the US$50 million achieved in 2001.
o Selling, General and Administrative: Savings of US$91 million were
realized in 2002 in addition to the US$95 million in 2001. All
country sales and administrative functions had merged before the end
of 2001 and the 2002 savings included the full year benefit of
projects implemented in 2001.
o Research & Development: Savings of US$46 million were achieved in
2002, on top of the US$20 million realized in 2001. The program
accelerated in 2002 with the streamlining and restructuring of major
research centers to develop strategic "centers of excellence" with
each site having a unique role with defined scientific expertise and
resources.
Since the Transactions, Syngenta has reduced its worldwide employee base
by approximately 2,600. Beyond delivering the net cost savings, which we have
already identified and discussed above, Syngenta will actively seek additional
savings and maintain cost consciousness over the long term.
Attract, retain and develop the best-qualified employees in our industry
The crop protection and seeds businesses are complex with distinct
geographical, product, crop, technology and customer drivers. Given this
complexity, and our strategy, which requires a high degree of change, we need
to fully utilize the breadth and depth of talent. To achieve this we
established clear and decisive management processes that include:
o Uniform, transparent, global reporting systems and clear
decision-making processes for Syngenta managers
o Clear personnel management processes that appropriately identify,
recognize, develop and reward our best talents
o Local empowerment of management with clear accountability and success
criteria
o Performance-driven employee compensation
Syngenta has also introduced a long-term equity-based incentive program as
part of an effective and well-balanced executive remuneration structure. The
remuneration structure is designed to ensure we attract, retain and motivate
the key talent necessary to succeed in a competitive and international
environment.
11
Business Overview
Industry Overview
The crop protection and seeds industries offer products which provide
essential support to modern agriculture. The contribution from both industries
has been fundamental to the agricultural productivity improvements that have
enabled food production to keep pace with population and economic growth.
Syngenta's Business
Syngenta's business divides generally into three segments: crop
protection, seeds and plant science. These segments are described in greater
detail below.
Crop Protection
Products
We have a broad product range. This gives Syngenta a leading market
position in all of our target segments and strong worldwide market coverage. We
focus on four pillar crops (corn, cereals, vegetables and rice) and apply our
technologies to other crops, such as oilseeds, sugar beets, cotton, fruits and
grapes, and to turf and ornamentals.
We are active in herbicides, especially for corn, cereals and rice;
fungicides mainly for cereals, fruits, grapes, rice and vegetables;
insecticides for fruits, vegetables and cotton; and professional products, such
as seed treatment, products for public health and products for turf and
ornamentals. Herbicides are products that prevent or reduce weeds that compete
with the crop for nutrients, light and water. Herbicides can be subdivided into
(i) non-selective herbicides, which reduce or halt the growth of all vegetation
with which they come in contact and (ii) selective herbicides which are
crop-specific and control weeds without harming the crop. Fungicides are
products that prevent and cure fungal plant diseases that affect crop yield and
quality. Insecticides are products that control chewing pests such as
caterpillars and sucking pests such as aphids, which reduce crop yields and
quality.
The following table sets out 2002 and 2001 sales of our crop protection
products:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Products Syngenta Sales
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
--------------------- -----------------------
(US$ million) (%) (US$ million) (%)
Selective herbicides 1,606 31 1,722 31
Non-selective herbicides 650 12 687 13
Fungicides 1,398 27 1,392 26
Insecticides 855 16 944 18
Professional products 585 11 522 10
Others 166 3 118 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5,260 100 5,385 100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
The tables below show our principal products: first, active substances
currently in development; second, recently launched and growing products; and
finally, products that are well established.
12
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Products in Development
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active Substance Crop Use Targets Status
---------------- -------- ------- ------
Selective Herbicides
New herbicide Cereals In full development
Pyriftalid Rice Annual grasses in Introduced in 2002 in South
trans-planted rice Korea; registration obtained in
Japan at end of 2002
Fungicide
New fungicide Fruits and vegetables In full development
Insecticides
Fosthiazate Potato, banana, Nematodes Registered in Europe. In
tomato registration in the United
NEMATHORIN(R)(1) States and Latin America
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Product which is distributed, but not manufactured, by Syngenta.
NEMATHORIN(R) is a registered trademark of Isihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recently Launched Products (last 5 years)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active Substance Selected Brand Names(1) Crop Use Targets
---------------- ----------------------- -------- -------
Selective Herbicides
Mesotrione(2) CALLISTO(TM)/LUMAX(TM)/ Corn Broad-leaved weeds / full
CAMIX(TM) spectrum
S-metolachlor DUAL(R) MAGNUM /DUAL(R) Corn, soybeans, peanuts, Annual grasses and some
GOLD/BICEP(R) MAGNUM sugar beet, sunflowers broad-leaved weeds
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium ENVOKE(TM), KRISMAT(R) Cotton, sugarcane Post-emergence selective
herbicide against broad-leaved
weeds, sedges and grasses
Fungicides
MEFENOXAM(TM) (3) RIDOMIL GOLD(R)/ FOLIO Broad range, including Late blight, downy mildew and
GOLD(TM) / APRON(R)XL / potatoes, grapes, damping off diseases
SUBDUE(R) vegetables, seed
treatment and turf and
ornamentals
Picoxystrobin ACANTO(TM) Wheat and barley Broad spectrum
Insecticides
Emamectin Benzoate PROCLAIM(R)/AFFIRM(R) Vegetables Caterpillars
Pymetrozine CHESS(R)/PLENUM(R) Vegetables, fruits, Aphids, white flies and leaf
potatoes hoppers
Thiamethoxam ACTARA(R)/CRUISER(R) Broad range of crops Foliar sucking pests and soil
including seed treatment dwelling insects
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Products may have different brand names depending on the market in which
they are sold.
(2) In connection with the divestiture of its acetochlor business, Syngenta
has granted to Dow AgroSciences LLC the right to formulate, market and
sell in North America a mixture product of mesotrione and acetochlor.
(3) In the United States Mefenoxam is a generic expression whereas in other
countries MEFENOXAM(TM) is a trademark of Syngenta Participations AG to
denominate the active ingredient Metalaxyl-M (ISO name).
13
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Marketed Products
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active Substance Selected Brand Names(1) Crop Use Targets
---------------- ----------------------- -------- -------
Selective Herbicides
Atrazine AATREX(R)/GESAPRIM(R)(2) Corn, sorghum, sugarcane Annual grasses and some
broad-leaved weeds
Clodinafop TOPIK(R)/HORIZON(R)/ Wheat, rye, triticale Annual grasses
CELIO(R)/DISCOVER(R)
Dicamba BANVEL(R)/MONDAK(R)/ Cereals, corn, turf, Annual and perennial
CLARITY(R) sugarcane broad-leaved weeds
Dimethachlor COLZOR TRIO(R) Colza Broad spectrum
Fluazifop-P-Butyl FUSILADE(R) Soybeans, cotton, Grass weeds
oilseed rape, fruit and
vegetables
Fomesafen FLEX(R)/REFLEX(R) Soybeans Broad-leaved weeds
Molinate ORDRAM(R)(3) Rice Annual grasses
Nicosulfuron MILAGRO(R) (4) Corn Grass weeds
Pretilachlor RIFIT(R) / SOFIT(R) Rice Grasses, sedges and some
broadleaved weeds
Tralkoxydim ACHIEVE(R)/GRASP(R) Wheat, barley Grass weeds
Triasulfuron LOGRAN(R)/AMBER(R) Cereals, transplanted Annual broad-leaved weeds and
rice some grasses
Non-Selective Herbicides
Diamonium Glyphosate TOUCHDOWN(R) / ZAPP(R) / Cotton, all field Broad spectrum weed control
OURAGAN(R) crops, fruits and
vegetables
Diquat REGLONE(R) Wheat, sunflower, Broad spectrum weed control;
oilseed rape, potatoes desiccation
Paraquat GRAMOXONE(R) Cereals, rice, Broad spectrum weed control
soybeans, corn, fruit
and vegetables
Fungicides
Azoxystrobin AMISTAR(R)/QUADRIS(R)/ Wheat, barley, fruit Broad spectrum disease control
HERITAGE(R)/ABOUND(R) and vegetables, rice,
turf
Chlorothalonil BRAVO(R)/DACONIL(R) Fruit and vegetables, Broad spectrum disease control
wheat, turf
Cyproconazole ALTO(R) (6) Cereals, coffee, Powdery mildew, rust, leaf spots
peanuts, rice, sugar
beet, stone fruits
Cyprodinil UNIX(R)/STEREO(R)(6)/ Pome fruits, stone Scab, Alternaria, powdery
SWITCH(R) fruits, cereals, mildew, eyespot, Botrytis, grey
grapes, vegetables mold
Difenoconazole SCORE(R)/DIVIDEND(R) Vegetables, field Broad spectrum disease control
crops, plantation crops
and seed treatment
Fluazinam(7) SHIRLAN(R) Potatoes Potato late blight, flower bulb
and onion diseases
Fludioxonil CELEST(R)/MAXIM(R)/ Seed treatment, grapes, Bunt, snow mold seedling
GEOXE(R)/MEDALLION(R) turf, vegetables blights, scurf, Botrytis, dollar
spot
Propiconazole TILT(R) (8) / BANNER(R) Cereals, bananas, rice Broad spectrum disease control
and turf
Trinexapac-ethyl MODDUS(R)/PRIMO(R) Sugarcane, cereals, turf Increases sugar content,
antilodging, reduces grass growth
14
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Marketed Products
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active Substance Selected Brand Names(1) Crop Use Targets
---------------- ----------------------- -------- -------
Insecticides
Abamectin VERTIMEC(R)/AGRIMEK(R) Citrus fruits, Mites, leafminers and some
vegetables, pome caterpillars
fruits, ornamentals
Methidathion SUPRACIDE(R) Fruits, nuts Scales, caterpillars
Lambda-cyhalothrin KARATE(R)/ICON(R) Cotton, corn, fruit and Broad spectrum insect control
vegetables, soybeans,
public health
Lufenuron MATCH(R) Corn, potatoes, citrus, Caterpillars, leafminers,
vegetables, cotton western flower thrips
Profenofos CURACRON(R) Cotton, potatoes, Caterpillars, sucking insects,
soybeans and vegetables mites
Tefluthrin FORCE Corn Corn rootworm
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Products may have different brand names depending on the market in which
they are sold.
(2) Pursuant to the commitments given to the European Commission, Syngenta has
agreed to stop commercializing atrazine straight (including the trade mark
GESAPRIM(R)) in France.
(3) Pursuant to the commitments given to the European Commission, Syngenta has
agreed to divest to a third party by way of an exclusive license to
manufacture and sell, or an exclusive right to distribute, the
molinate-based formulation of ORDRAM(R) SOPRA in France for use on rice
until 2008.
(4) Product distributed on behalf of Isihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. (ISK)
(5) Pursuant to the commitments given to the European Commission, Syngenta
granted an exclusive license to manufacture, use and sell cyproconazole
straight in the EEA to Bayer, under Bayer's own trade name. Syngenta will
be permitted to recommence sales of cyproconazole straight, under the
ALTO(R) (or other) name in 2005 at the latest.
(6) Pursuant to the commitments given to the European Commission, Syngenta
granted an exclusive right to Makhteshim Agan Industries Ltd. to use and
sell STEREO(R) formulation for use on cereals for the duration of its
registration in Denmark, Finland and Sweden.
(7) Product which is distributed, but not manufactured, by Syngenta.
(8) Pursuant to the commitments given to the European Commission, Syngenta
granted an exclusive right to Makhteshim Agan Industries Ltd. to use and
sell TILT(R) 250EC and TILT(R) 6.25GL formulations for use on cereals in
Denmark, Finland and Sweden for the duration of their registrations.
Selective Herbicides
In weed control we have a broad line of selective herbicides that control
grasses and broad-leaved weeds, suited for most crops with a special emphasis
on products for corn and cereals.
Products in development
o New cereal herbicide
o Pyriftalid (APIRO(R)) is for the control of grasses in transplanted
rice. APIRO(R) was successfully introduced in South Korea and we have
received registrations in Japan where the launch will take place in
2003.
Recently launched products
o DUAL GOLD(R) and DUAL MAGNUM(R) are replacing our top-selling
metolachlor products of the DUAL(R) family. These products contain
S-metolachlor, which is used at a 35% to 40% lower rate than
metolachlor. This not only reduces the amount of product sprayed on
fields, thus responding to the pesticide reduction goals established
by many countries, but decreases the energy required to produce,
transport and store the product, as well as decreasing total
packaging material. S-metolachlor is well tolerated and can be safely
used on more than 70 different crops. It may also be used effectively
in combination with other herbicides such as in BICEP
MAGNUM(R) (S-metolachlor and atrazine) or PRIMAGRAM(R) GOLD(R)
(S-metolachlor and terbuthylazine). These products are currently
being rolled out worldwide.
o CALLISTO(TM) was successfully launched in the United States, Germany,
France, Italy, Spain, Austria, Holland and other countries. It has
received registration in the United States under the reduced risk
scheme reflecting its favorable environmental and toxicological
profile. This is a pre- and post-emergence herbicide effective
against key broad-leaved weeds in corn. It belongs to the novel
triketone area of chemistry and complements the grass weed control of
DUAL GOLD(R).
o LUMAX(TM) and CAMIX(TM) are combination products from the Callisto
family containing mesotrione, S-metolachlor and Atrazine (LUMAX(TM))
or mesotrione and S-metolachlor (CAMIX(TM)). They are pre-emergence
products for the use in corn and provide full spectrum weed control.
Both products have received registrations in the United States and
are being launched for the 2003 season.
15
o ENVOKE(TM) and KRISMAT(R) have been launched in Brazil as new
broad-spectrum herbicides in cotton and sugarcane against grasses,
dicots and sedges. Syngenta has already received registrations for
use on sugarcane in Colombia and some Central American countries
(KRISMAT(R)) as well as for use on cotton in Brazil, Argentina and
Australia (ENVOKE(TM)). Registration in the United States is expected
in 2003.
Key marketed products
o AATREX(R) and GESAPRIM(R) act mainly against broad-leaved weeds.
Although the active substance, atrazine, was introduced in 1957, and
accordingly has been off patent for a number of years, it remains an
important product for broad-leaved weed control in corn. It is
currently going through a re-registration process in major markets
and has received favorable evaluation in the United States by the
EPA's Scientific Advisory Panel on certain toxicological aspects. In
France the authorities have withdrawn atrazine registration,
effectively stopping ex-industry sales from September 2002. Syngenta,
together with other manufacturers, has filed an appeal against this
decision.
o MILAGRO(R) is distributed on behalf of Isihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd.
(ISK) and used post-emergence in corn against grass weeds. It
completes the spectrum of our newly launched CALLISTO(TM).
o TOPIK(R), HORIZON(R), CELIO(R) and DISCOVER(R) are grass herbicides.
They provide the broadest spectrum of annual grass control currently
available for wheat. To further increase selectivity in cereals the
active substance clodinafop is mixed with the safener cloquintocet.
o BANVEL(R) and MONDAK(R) are herbicides that control broad-leaved
weeds in corn and small grain cereals and are used also in turf and
ornamentals, pastures and non-crop land. Dicamba has an excellent
toxicological and environmental profile. Rights to sell the active
substance dicamba in the United States and Canada were sold to BASF
in 1996 pursuant to an FTC decision. Syngenta may still sell the
active substance dicamba and established products outside the United
States and Canada and new products combining dicamba with other
active substances worldwide.
o LOGRAN(R) or AMBER(R) is a post-emergence herbicide for use in small
grain cereals that also can be used in transplanted rice. It controls
major annual broad-leaved weeds and some grasses. Triasulfuron is
absorbed by leaves and roots. It is rapidly transported within the
plant and acts by inhibiting biosynthesis of essential amino acids,
hence stopping cell division and plant growth.
o FUSILADE(R) is one of the leading products for post-emergence control
of grass weed in broad-leaved crops. It is registered for use in over
60 crops with major outlets in cotton and soybeans in the United
States and sugar beet and oilseed rape in Western Europe. The
selective action of FUSILADE(R) allows growers to delay application
until grass weeds appear, allowing cost-effective weed control.
o FLEX(R) is a post-emergence selective herbicide for control of
broad-leaved weeds in soybeans, complementary to FUSILADE(R).
o ACHIEVE(R) is a post-emergence selective herbicide which controls
grass weeds in wheat and barley.
o ORDRAM(R) is an herbicide for control of annual grass weeds in rice.
o RIFIT(R) is a pre-emergence grass killer for use in transplanted
rice. In its safened form, under the trademark SOFIT, it can also be
used on wet sown rice.
o COLZOR TRIO(R) is a broad-spectrum herbicide for use in oilseed rape.
Non-selective Herbicides
Products in development
o A new glyphosate combined with IQ(TM) technology is in advanced
development for launch in NAFTA and Europe. Besides outstanding
efficacy it will provide significant logistics benefits for the
users.
Key marketed products
We have a strong position in the fast-growing non-selective herbicide
market.
o GRAMOXONE(R) is our principal brand name for paraquat, a
non-selective contact herbicide first introduced in 1962. Paraquat is
one of the world's largest selling herbicides and is our second
largest selling product. It has been a best selling product in the
development of minimum tillage cropping systems, the adoption of
which continues to increase because of benefits such as the reduction
of soil erosion. GRAMOXONE(R) use has been rapidly expanding in China
reflecting the exceptional fit between the product and small holders
/ tropical agriculture. GRAMOXONE(R) is registered in over 120
countries around the world.
o TOUCHDOWN(R), a non-selective herbicide with systemic activity, is a
premium product in the market for glyphosate-based products, which
represents the fastest growing herbicide product sector in the
industry. The product has been enhanced by the launch of the IQ(TM)
technology which positions the product at the top end of glyphosate
performance. Differentiated from other herbicides of its class by its
speed of action and tolerance of heavy rain, TOUCHDOWN(R) is now
registered in over 90 countries, including for use on herbicide
tolerant soybeans in the United States.
o REGLONE(R), a non-selective contact herbicide mainly used as a
dessicant to allow easier harvesting and reduce drying costs.
16
Fungicides
Products in development
o New fungicide for fruit and vegetables
Recently launched products
o ACANTO (TM), a new strobilurin fungicide for early treatment in wheat
and barley, is sold in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Ireland,
Austria and Switzerland.
o RIDOMIL GOLD(R) is based on MEFENOXAM(TM)(1), and acts against late
blight and downy mildew diseases. RIDOMIL GOLD(R) is effective at
half the use rate of RIDOMIL(R), which benefits users and the
environment. It is applied to foliage or soil and is effective on
potatoes, grapes, tobacco, vegetables, citrus, soybeans, turf and
ornamentals. It has been introduced in major markets and will
continue to be rolled out in additional countries.
Key marketed products
o TILT(R), originally licensed from Janssen, was introduced in 1980 and
has developed into our most successful foliar fungicide for broad
spectrum disease control in cereals, bananas, rice, corn, peanuts,
sugar beet, turf and other food and non-food crops. Propiconazole,
its active substance, is systemic and provides a strong curative and
protective activity against a wide range of plant pathogens including
powdery mildews, rusts and other leaf spot pathogens of cereals,
bananas, rice, corn, peanuts, sugar beet, and turf. Pursuant to the
commitments given to the European Commission, Syngenta has agreed to
grant an exclusive right to Makhteshim Agan Industries Ltd. to use
and sell its TILT(R) 250EC and TILT(R) 6.25GL formulations for use on
cereals in Denmark, Finland and Sweden for the duration of their
registrations.
o SCORE(R), based on difenoconazole, is a systemic triazole fungicide
with broad-spectrum activity against plant diseases, particularly
leaf spots of pome fruit, vegetables, field crops and plantation
crops. Long-lasting protective and strong curative activity make it
well suited for threshold based plant disease management whereby the
plant is treated only when the development of the disease has passed
a certain point. Target crop pathosystems include Cercospora,
Alternaria, Septoria and other leaf spots, powdery mildews and scabs
in wheat, bananas, sugar beets, peanuts, potatoes, pome fruits,
grapes, rice and vegetables.
o GEOXE(R) is based on the phenylpyrrole fungicide fludioxonil and is
used primarily on grapes to control Botrytis, a major disease.
o UNIX(R) is based on cyprodinil and is a powerful fungicide for use on
cereals. It is used to control eyespot, powdery mildew and leaf spot
diseases. Because it has a new mode of action, it is a particularly
effective solution where resistance to other fungicides has
developed. CHORUS(R) and SWITCH(R) are cyprodinil-based formulations
which are used on pome fruit (such as apples and pears) or on grapes
and vegetables, respectively.
o ALTO(R) contains the systemic fungicide cyproconazole with
broad-spectrum activity, especially against rust and leaf spot in
cereals, sugar beet and coffee. Pursuant to the commitments given to
the European Commission, Syngenta has granted an exclusive license to
manufacture, use and sell cyproconazole straight in the European
Economic Area to Bayer, under Bayer's own trade name. Syngenta will
be permitted to re-commence sales of cyproconazole straight, under
the ALTO(R) (or other) brand name, in 2005 at the latest.
o AMISTAR(R), a strobilurin fungicide introduced in 1997 and widely
launched in 1998 and 1999, is the world's best selling proprietary
fungicide and our largest selling fungicide. It is registered for use
in over 60 countries and for over 60 crops.
o BRAVO(R), acquired in 1998, is a world-leading fungicide in terms of
sales. With its multi-site mode of action, it is a good partner for
AMISTAR(R) and is being increasingly integrated into disease control
programs which use both products.
o MODDUS(R) is based on trinexapac-ethyl, a plant growth regulator. In
cereals it reduces growth so that treated plants stay shorter and
have stronger stems, enhancing their ability to withstand storms and
remain upright until harvest. In sugarcane it is a yield enhancer and
harvest management tool.
o SHIRLAN(R) is a fungicide for control of potato blight and other
diseases.
Insecticides
We have concentrated our efforts in insecticides on a portfolio of about
ten modern, safe and effective products and are in the process of phasing out
some older products that have been superseded by the newer solutions in our
range.
Products in development
o NEMATHORIN(R) is a novel product offering growers a new tool to
combat nematodes and soil acting pests that can reduce crop yields.
NEMATHORIN(R) delivers the same agronomic benefits as existing
products but has a better toxicological and environmental profile.
NEMATHORIN(R) was test-marketed in the United Kingdom in 1999 and
registration plans are advanced in the United States and Latin
America. NEMATHORIN(R) is a registered trademark of Isihara Sangyo
Kaisha Ltd.
-----------------
(1) In the United States Mefenoxam is a generic expression whereas in other
countries MEFENOXAM(TM) is a trademark of Syngenta Participations AG to
denominate the active ingredient Metalaxyl-M (ISO name).
17
Recently launched products
o ACTARA(R) is highly active at low use rates against a broad spectrum
of soil and sucking insects. Thiamethoxam is highly systemic and well
suited for application as a foliar spray, drench or drip irrigation.
It is fast acting, works equally well under dry and wet conditions
and has a favorable safety and environmental profile. Its mode of
action differs from that of older products, which makes it effective
against insect strains that have developed resistance to those
products. It is being developed on a broad range of crops, including
vegetables, potatoes, cotton, soybeans, rice, pome fruits, stone
fruits (such as peaches or plums) and tobacco. Additional European
registrations are expected in 2003.
o PROCLAIM(R) or AFFIRM(R) provides control of caterpillars on cotton
and vegetables, combining a unique mode of action with extremely low
use rates and is compatible with integrated pest management. It has
been launched in its major markets, Japan, Korea, the United States
and Australia.
o CHESS(R) or PLENUM(R) inhibits the feeding mechanism of sucking
pests, and can be used in vegetables, cotton, stone fruits, potatoes
and ornamentals. Because it is safe for beneficial insects, this
product is ideal for use in integrated pest management programs.
Key marketed products
o VERTIMEC(R) or AGRIMEK(R) contains abamectin, which is produced by
fermentation. This potent insecticide and acaricide is used at very
low dose rates against mites, leafminers and some other insects in
fruits, vegetables, cotton and ornamentals. Abamectin rapidly
penetrates the plants, and is a useful product for integrated pest
management.
o CURACRON(R) is offers good control of caterpillars. It is a
broad-spectrum product, and because of its good penetration, sucking
insects like mites and trips are also well controlled. The main field
of application is in cotton, but it is also used in vegetables,
soybeans and potatoes.
o SUPRACIDE(R) is used to control scale insects in fruits and nuts
(e.g., citrus, olives, pome and stone fruits).
o MATCH(R) is an insect growth regulator that controls caterpillars in
corn, potatoes, cotton, vegetables and fruits. It is a leading
insecticide in terms of sales in its chemical class.
o KARATE(R), the world's leading agricultural pyrethroid brand, is our
largest selling insecticide. A novel product branded KARATE(R) with
ZEON(R) technology was launched in the United States in 1998 and
registration approvals and launches in other major markets have
continued apace. ZEON(R) technology offers performance benefits and
enhanced user and environmental safety.
o FORCE(R) is the market leader in the corn soil insecticide sector. As
the only stand-alone granular pyrethroid launched in this sector, it
offers growers both highly effective control of a wide range of pests
and an alternative to the older products available in this sector.
Professional Products
Through professional products, we will expand the use of our crop
protection products into additional areas, such as seed treatment and turf and
ornamentals products.
Recently launched product
o CRUISER(R) is a seed treatment brand for the insecticide
thiamethoxam. It has systemic activity and provides for a strong and
uniform stand establishment in a wide range of crops including
cereals, cotton, soybeans, canola, sugar beet, corn, sunflower and
rice. Its properties are such that it provides a consistent
performance under a wide range of growing conditions. Thiamethoxam
acts against a wide range of early season sucking and chewing, leaf
feeding and soil-dwelling insects like aphids, trips, jassids,
wireworms, flea beetles and leafminers. After having been registered
in the United States, several European registrations are expected in
2003.
Key marketed products
Seed Treatment
The use of seed treatment products is an effective, efficient, and
targeted method to protect the seedling and the young plant against diseases
and pests during the period when they are most vulnerable. Our broad range of
fungicides and insecticides allows us to provide a modern portfolio of safe and
highly effective products. As seeds increase in value, seed protection becomes
more important. The following are our major products:
o DIVIDEND(R) is active against a broad range of diseases including
bunts, smut and damping off on cereals, cotton, soybeans and oilseed
rape. This product is highly systemic and provides a long lasting,
high-level activity. It is safe to the seed and the seedling and
provides for a faster germination than other products in the market.
o APRON(R) XL is a MEFENOXAM(TM)(1)-based product used for the control
of seed and soil-borne diseases caused by fungi such as Pythium,
Phytophtora and downy mildews. It is used worldwide on a wide variety
of crops, including field, vegetable, oil and fiber crops.
MEFENOXAM(TM) is also used as a mixing partner for seed protection at
low use rates.
o MAXIM(R) or CELEST(R) is a contact fungicide with residual activity.
Derived from a natural compound, the active substance fludioxonil
combines crop tolerance with low use rates. Its spectrum covers seed
and soil-borne diseases like damping off, bunt, smut and leaf stripe
on cereals. Used alone or in mixtures with other active substances,
it is also effective on corn, rice, cotton, potatoes and peas.
----------------
(1) In the United States Mefenoxam is a generic expression whereas in other
countries MEFENOXAM(TM) is a trademark of Syngenta Participations AG to
denominate the active ingredient Metalaxyl-M (ISO name).
18
Turf and Ornamentals
We offer a range of specialized products for use in turf (golf courses and
sports fields), ornamentals (cut flowers, bedding plants and nurseries),
vegetation management (roads, railroads and rights-of-way) and for home and
garden use. The following are our major products:
o BARRICADE(R) is a leading pre-emergence grass and broad-leaved weed
herbicide in turf.
o PRIMO(R) MAXX is a plant growth regulator for turf that increases
stress tolerance and decreases clippings.
o AVID(R) is a leading acaricide in ornamentals against mites.
o Diazinon, a traditional product in the home and garden market, is
being phased out over the next two years and will be replaced by
pyrethroids and/or thiamethoxam.
o DACONIL(R) is used on turf in the United States, often on golf
courses, where it complements HERITAGE(R).
o HERITAGE(R) provides broad-spectrum disease control in turf. The
major outlet is golf courses.
Other Professional Products
o ICON(R) is used in public health outlets for control of malaria and
other tropical diseases and nuisance pests, such as house flies and
cockroaches. It was the first pyrethroid to be approved for malaria
control by the World Health Organization. In addition to being
sprayed, it can be incorporated into bednets to offer added
protection.
o IMPASSE(R) is a new innovative technology which offers
pre-construction termite control for new homes and buildings. The
product was registered in the United States in October 2002 and the
company plans to launch the IMPASSE(R) Termite System for the
building industry in 2003.
Principal Markets
The following table sets out sales for the years ended December 31, 2002
and 2001 of our crop protection products by region:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Sales
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
--------------------- --------------------
(US$ million) (%) (US$ million) (%)
Europe & AME 1,919 37 1870 34
NAFTA 1,864 35 1887 35
Latin America 596 11 677 13
Asia Pacific 881 17 951 18
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5260 100 5385 100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta sells its products in over 120 countries and has a strong
presence in all regions.
Production
The manufacture of crop protection products can be divided into three
phases:
o manufacture of the active substance
o formulation of products from these active substances
o packaging of the products
Our major production sites for active ingredients are located in
Switzerland, the United States and the United Kingdom. While individual active
substances are normally produced at one manufacturing site, formulations are
produced and packaged at several different strategically located plants, close
to the principal markets in which those products are sold. We operate major
formulation and packing plants in Belgium, Brazil, China, Colombia, France,
India, South Korea, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
We manage our supply chain globally and we manage our supply on a
product-by-product basis from raw materials through to delivery to the customer
in order to maximize both supply chain efficiency and customer responsiveness.
We outsource the manufacture of a wide range of raw materials, from commodities
through fine chemicals to dedicated intermediates. Sourcing decisions are based
on a combination of logistical, geographical and commercial factors. We have a
strategy of maintaining, when available, multiple sources of supply.
At the merger, significant cost savings were expected to be realized in
global manufacturing and supply. Following a review it was proposed that 14 of
the 48 manufacturing sites and 6 of the 12 technology centers would be closed
over the period 2001-2004. Activities on remaining sites will be realigned in
the drive for cost base optimization. These actions are expected to achieve
annual fixed cost savings of around US$185 million by 2004. There will be a
reduction in the fixed asset base of some US$230 million (net of some US$70
million to be invested). All the 20 closure announcements have already been
made. A program for reducing variable costs, including purchasing, will also
benefit cost-of-goods-sold. First savings from these programs were realized in
the second half of 2002.
19
Marketing and Distribution
We have marketing organizations in all our major markets with dedicated
sales forces which provide customer and technical service, product promotion
and market support. Products are sold to the end user through independent
distributors and dealers, most of whom also handle other manufacturers'
products. Our products are normally sold through a two-step or three-step
distribution chain. In the two-step chain we sell our products to cooperatives
or independent distributors, which then sell to the grower as the end user. In
the three-step system, we sell to distributors or cooperative unions who act as
wholesalers and sell the product to independent dealers or primary cooperatives
before on-sale to growers. We also sell directly to large growers in some
countries. Our marketing network enables us to launch our products quickly and
effectively and to exploit our range of existing products. We focus on the key
crop opportunities according to the territory. In a few countries where we do
not have our own marketing organization, we market and distribute through other
distribution channels. Generally, the marketing and distribution system in a
country does not vary by product.
Our marketing activities are directed towards the distributors,
agricultural consultants and growers. They consist of a broad range of
advertising and promotional tools, such as meetings with growers and
distributors, field demonstrations, advertisements in specialized publications,
direct marketing activities, or information via the Internet. We also are in
constant contact with the food and feed chain to evaluate current and future
needs and expectations.
A key element of our marketing is grower support and education. This is
particularly important with respect to small growers in developing countries.
Over the last five years we have held numerous courses around the world for
growers as a result of which tens of thousands have been trained in the safe
and sustainable use of crop protection products. We also train agricultural
extension workers and distributors so that they can further disseminate good
practice and reach an even wider audience.
Research and Development
Syngenta has major research centers in Basel/Stein, Switzerland; Jealotts
Hill, United Kingdom; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., North Carolina, United
States ("SBI"). Syngenta's research and development is focused on effective and
environmentally friendly grower solutions, including crop protection chemicals,
seeds and novel traits through biotechnology. The total spent on research and
development in crop protection was US$425 million in 2002 and US$458 million in
2001.
We are continuously improving the research process, building on
well-established platforms in chemistry, biology and biotechnology. Syngenta's
investment in genomics underpins all of the product outputs and the increasing
emphasis on integrated crop solutions is leading to converging research goals
and programs across seeds, chemicals and traits. Novel tools, methods and
information services allow us to evaluate a greater range of diverse chemicals
more quickly and efficiently than ever before. We use high throughput screening
to test over two hundred thousand compounds each year using in-vivo test
systems. Combinatorial chemistry and high-speed synthesis have been advanced in
order to prepare a sufficient number of compounds for these tests. A crucial
feature is library design, a structured approach to combinatorial chemistry
which ensures that the chemical entities possess properties which relate to the
desired product profile. Compounds showing promising activity are further
characterized in screening systems consisting of a series of project-specific,
customized greenhouse and growth-chamber tests, including indicator tests for
environmental parameters (e.g., soil persistence, leach ability) and tests to
provide early indications of safety issues for humans. Those compounds showing
advantages in efficacy and safety over the best commercial standards are
broadly evaluated in the field.
Once we select a compound for development, we test it worldwide on the
most important crops under different climatic conditions and in varying soils.
In parallel, an industrial scale manufacturing process is identified and
optimized, and appropriate formulations and packages are developed. The use of
multidisciplinary research teams to refresh the existing product range is key
to continued success in the face of competition, even after patent expiry.
We perform an extensive investigation of all safety aspects involving many
tests to ensure the safety of our products. The human safety assessments
address potential risks to both the users of the product and the consumers of
food and feed, while in environmental safety we seek assurance that the product
will not adversely affect soil, water, air, flora and fauna.
In addition to our own research and development efforts, we have
strengthened our business platform through targeted acquisitions. We have also
entered into a number of research and development agreements around the world
for combinatorial chemical libraries, high throughput screening and follow-up
of leads.
Environment
We designed our environmental management program with the aim of ensuring
that our products and their manufacture pose minimal risks to the environment
and humans. The crop protection industry is subject to environmental risks in
three main areas: manufacturing, distribution and use of product. We aim to
minimize or eliminate our environmental risks by using appropriate equipment,
adopting "best industry practice" and providing grower training and education.
The entire chain of business activities, from research and development to
end use, operates according to the principles of product stewardship. We are
committed voluntarily to the responsible and ethical management of our products
from invention through ultimate use. We employ environmental scientists around
the world who study all aspects of a product's environmental behavior.
Specially designed transportation and storage containers are used for the
distribution of hazardous products and efficient inventory control procedures
minimize the creation of obsolete stocks.
20
Regarding risks relating to the use of our products, we have developed a
rigorous screening and development process. All active substances and products
must meet both our internal standards and regulatory requirements.
We provide support to growers on a local level such as training in
application techniques and assistance in calibrating spray equipment in order
to promote safe handling of our products. We extend product stewardship long
after sales in several ways, for example, by collecting and safely destroying
outdated products, and providing returnable containers to reduce waste.
Crop protection products are subject to rigorous registration procedures
which are aimed at ensuring safe product usage in the field. In addition to
complying with these regulatory requirements, we have adopted our own Health,
Safety and Environment ("HSE") management system. This provides a clear
framework of management processes applicable at all sites, whatever the
regulatory requirements in the country in which the site is situated. This HSE
system is consistent with international HSE management standards, such as ISO
14001, and is capable of external verification.
In 2001 the Syngenta Executive Committee and Board agreed our HSE Policy
and Commitments. The Policy outlines the HSE issues that Syngenta will address
and the Commitments detail the actions we will take. To ensure that the Policy
is complied with, all operating units will be audited on a regular basis. Teams
made up of internal experts and outside consultants will carry out these
audits.
We maintain a register of sites to identify manufacturing and distribution
sites and locations that may have been contaminated in the past. The register
is the basis for the allocation of appropriate provisions and action programs
regarding measures to be taken. A risk portfolio is prepared for each site and
reviewed annually. The risk portfolio is also applied to third-party
manufacturers in order to identify and exclude poorly performing companies.
See Note 29 to Syngenta's consolidated financial statements for a further
discussion of environmental matters.
Intellectual Property
We protect our investment in research and development, manufacturing and
marketing through patents, design rights and trademarks. In addition to patent
cover for an active substance per se, patent protection may be obtained for
processes of manufacture, formulations, assays, mixtures, and intermediates.
These patent applications may be filed to cover continuing research throughout
the life of a product and may remain in force after the expiry of a product's
per se patents in order to provide ongoing protection. The territorial cover of
patent filings and the scope of protection obtained varies depending on the
circumstances and the country concerned.
Patents relating to gene-based crop protection and enhancement may cover
transgenic plants and seeds gene effects, genetic constructs and individual
components thereof and enabling technology for producing transgenic plants and
seeds.
Registration and re-registration procedures apply in all major markets.
Products must obtain governmental regulatory approval prior to marketing.
The regulatory framework for crop protection products is designed to ensure the
protection of the consumer, the grower and the environment.
Most of our principal markets have regular re-registration procedures for
crop protection products. Within certain time periods a product's technical
dossier is reviewed with the goal of ensuring that it adheres to all standards,
which may have changed or been added to since the product was initially
registered. The standards and requested trial protocols change over time.
Re-registration of a product or compound may not be granted if the registration
package fails to meet the then-current requirements.
We enforce our intellectual property rights, through litigation if
necessary.
Competitive Environment
The leading companies in the crop protection industry are mainly units of
large integrated life sciences or chemical companies based in Western Europe
and NAFTA. Companies compete on the basis of strength and breadth of product
range, product development and differentiation, geographical coverage, price
and customer service. Market pressures and the need to achieve a high level of
research and development capability, particularly with the advent of
biotechnology, have led to consolidation in the industry. The top six such
companies account for more than 75% of the worldwide market. Syngenta's key
competitors include BASF, Bayer, Dow, DuPont and Monsanto. In many countries,
generic producers of off-patent compounds are additional competitors to the
research-based companies in the commodity segment of the market.
Seeds
Products
We develop, produce and market seeds and plants developed in accordance
with advanced genetics and related technologies. We sell our products in all
major markets.
Our seed portfolio is one of the broadest in the business, offering over
3,000 varieties and 33 species. In 2002, we had, based on our competitors'
public releases to announce their performance, the second largest market share
for vegetables and flowers and the third largest for corn, sugar beet and
oilseeds based on sales. Since in these public releases not all relevant
figures may be published, some estimation with respect to the conclusion
regarding our market share is involved.
21
Seed products are derived from a germplasm pool and developed further
utilizing sophisticated plant-breeding methods. We divide our products into
field crops such as corn, soybeans, oilseeds and sugar beet, with US$503
million in sales in 2002, which accounted for 54% of our total seed sales; and
vegetables and flowers, with US$434 million in sales in 2002, or 46% of our
total seed sales.
Below are charts showing products in development and recently launched
products. Products in development are those we are currently planning to bring
to market. Recently launched products are those that we have introduced in the
past two years and are growing. Because of the large number of products in our
business, these lists are not comprehensive, and merely provide an indication
of the large number of new products in our range.
Syngenta's Plant Science division, described in more detail in the next
section, develops most of the transgenic trait products in-house. Other trait
products are licensed-in from other biotechnology companies.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Products in Development
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Species Targets
------------ -------
Field Crops
Corn High yield, stress tolerance and improved agronomic traits
Improved corn borer and broad spectrum insect resistance
Corn rootworm resistance herbicide tolerance
Improved processing and/or feed value
High protein grain
Sunflowers Oil quality (mid-oleic acid)
Mildew resistance
Herbicide tolerance (IMI)
Yield: Stability/Oil content
Lodging resistance
Oilseed rape High yield hybrids
Fungal disease resistance
Standing power
Winter hardiness
Low glocosinolate level
Sugar beet High sugar yield
Improved juice purity
Disease & virus resistance
Soybeans High yielding varieties
Cyst nematode-tolerance
Root knot nematode tolerance
Cotton Verticilium tolerance
Insect-resistance
Herbicide tolerance
Cereals Yield
Agronomic performance & stability
Superior bread/biscuit quality wheat
Improved malting quality
Disease resistance
Waxy wheat - improved baking quality
Hybrid barley
Vegetables and Flowers
Tomatoes, lettuce, melons and peppers Virus and fungal disease resistance
Tomatoes, peppers Consumer preference traits (e.g., new fruit types, fruit
quality)
Tomatoes, melons and Brussels sprouts Improved shelf life/flavor/aroma
Sweet corn Pest resistance
Quality
Cabbage Pest resistance
Disease resistance
Garden beans Virus resistance
Marigold, pansy, vinca Larger flower size (for increased retail appeal)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
22
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recently Launched Products
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product Crop Use Targets Market
------- -------- ------- ------
Field Crops
NK(R) brand N43-C4 Bt corn hybrid Insect resistance and herbicide tolerance NAFTA
NK(R) brand N51-Z7 Bt corn hybrid Insect resistance and herbicide tolerance United States
NK(R) brand N33-V5 Bt corn hybrid Insect resistance and herbicide tolerance United States
NK(R) brand C23-C1 Corn hybrid Early maturity NAFTA
NK(R) brand S28-W2 Soybean variety Herbicide tolerant NAFTA
NK(R) brand S33-Y2 Soybean variety Herbicide tolerance and cyst nematode NAFTA
resistance
NK(R) brand S56-D7 Soybean variety Herbicide tolerance and cyst nematode United States
resistance, late maturity
Bt-11 corn Bt corn hybrids Corn borer resistance Argentina
NK(R) brand Oldham Corn hybrid Early corn segment North and
Northeast Europe
NK(R) brand Baxter Corn hybrid Mid-late corn segment France
UNIPEL(TM) Sugar beet seed Speed of emergence and buffer effect for United States
pellet seed treatment
Hilleshog(R)-brand Heracles Sugar beet seed Resistance to rhizomania & rhizoctonia Europe
NK(R) brand NT 6240 Corn hybrid High yielding hybrid Thailand
NK(R) brand Jalisco Sunflower High yielding early hybrid Spain
NK(R) brand Tecny Sunflower High yield France
NK(R) brand Sanay Sunflower IMI tolerance Turkey
NK(R) brand Toccata Winter oilseed rape Fully restored hybrid United Kingdom
NK(R) brand Royal Winter oilseed rape Fully restored hybrid United Kingdom
Vegetables and Flowers
S&G(R) COLOSSUS(TM) Pansy flower Larger flower size United States
S&G(R) BIRES(R) Peppers Resistance to multiple viruses for winter Spain
crops
S&G(R) TYRES(TM) Tomato Virus, fungus and nematode resistance, Europe
and high fruit quality
S&G(R) Chinese Cabbage CR Chinese Cabbage Crown rot resistance, and good internal Asia
color
S&G(R) Taechung Radish Radish Spring sown radish Asia
Dulcinea(TM) brand Personal size New watermelon concept United States
PureHeart(TM) Watermelon seedless watermelon
X-tray(TM) Young plant delivery Flowers and young plant delivery system Europe
system
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Products in Development
We seek to produce improved hybrid and varietal seeds to meet the varying
circumstances and demands of our customers. We are currently concentrating on
further improvement of traits advantageous to the grower, i.e. input traits.
Increasingly we will be seeking to develop seeds with improved traits
advantageous to the consumer and the food chain, i.e. output traits such as
improved digestibility and net protein utilization for crops used for animal
feed, oilseeds that produce higher quantities or healthier oils and vegetables
with improved flavor, texture and appeal.
23
Recently Launched Products
The following recently launched products illustrate our capability as a
technology integrator and our commitment to the food chain:
o S&G(R) TYRES(TM) offers a unique combination of virus tolerance to
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus, as well as other virus, fungus and
nematode resistances and fruit quality (shelf life, appearance,
taste) and diversity (truss, large sized fruits). This brand new
series of hybrids is providing unique solutions in the most important
growing areas, where viral diseases have been rapidly expanding over
the past three years.
o S&G(R) Chinese Cabbage CR is a unique offering of very innovative
cabbage hybrids with remarkable internal color and resistance to
crown rot, a very common disease affecting cabbage crops in many
areas of Asia.
o S&G(R) COLOSSUS(TM) is a true giant pansy, popular throughout the
supply chain. Growers appreciate its production efficiency, retailers
enjoy its extended shelf life and superior shelf appeal, and
consumers respond to its powerful garden display and reliable
performance.
o The S&G(R) X-tray(TM) young plant container was launched in Europe.
It is reusable, adapted to robotization, easy to use in
transplantation systems and environmentally friendly. The innovative
features of Xtray(TM), coupled with the strength of the germplasm and
the power of the sales organization, will allow Syngenta to further
strengthen its market leadership.
Key Marketed Products
Field Crops
o Corn. We offer NK(R) corn hybrids in a full range of maturities.
These hybrids are characterized by their high yield potential,
uniformity and vigor.
o In addition to a large range of conventional corn hybrids, we offer
genetically enhanced Bt corn products. NK(R) YIELDGARD(R) hybrids
which have built-in insect protection. (YIELDGARD(R) is a registered
trademark of Monsanto Company).
o Sugar beet. HILLESHOG(R) sugar beet seeds are bred to develop high
yielding varieties with good disease tolerance, high sugar content,
low soil tare and improved juice purity.
o Oilseeds. We offer NK(R) sunflowers, soybeans and oilseed rape. Our
sunflower seed varieties are bred for high yield as well as disease
resistance. Syngenta's soybean varieties combine high yield and
genetic superiority and, in some cases, herbicide tolerance, which
gives growers flexibility in their weed control. The company's
oilseed rape varieties offer good oil production and plant health.
Vegetables and Flowers
o Vegetables. Under the S&G(R) and ROGERS(R) brands, Syngenta offers a
full range of vegetable seeds, including cauliflower, sweet corn,
beans, peas, tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, watermelons, oriental
radish, cabbage, squash and melons. The company breeds resilient
varieties with high yield potential, which can resist and tolerate
pests and diseases. We develop genetics that address the needs of
consumers and distributors as well as processors and commercial
growers. Newly introduced products include BIRES(R) peppers with
resistance to multiple viruses for winter crops, TYRES(TM) tomatoes
with virus resistance and high fruit quality and PureHeart(TM)
personal sized seedless watermelon.
o The NewProduce Network(TM) is a start-up venture in the United States
with participants from throughout the produce supply chain aimed at
capturing down stream value through growing and distributing an
assortment of premium produce products. This year NewProduce
Network(TM) launched its first commercial product, the
PureHeart(TM) watermelon. Over 90,000 cartons of PureHeart(TM) were
shipped to various retailers in several western U.S. states. In 2003,
distribution will be expanded to target markets throughout the United
States, and additional products will be test marketed. Surveys with
consumers indicated that the quality and taste meets or exceeds their
expectations 90% of the time and 74% of the consumers said they
planned to purchase PureHeart(TM) once or twice a month.
o Flowers. Under the S&G(R) brand, we develop flower seeds, plugs and
vegetative multiplication material (such as cuttings) which we sell
to commercial growers of horticultural crops. We focus on breeding
innovative flower varieties. Our range includes popular bedding
plants such as begonia and petunia; houseplants, such as cyclamen and
poinsettia; cuttings for the increasing market of hanging baskets
such as geranium and verbena; and a wide range of attractive
perennials.
Popular leading products are:
o PANSY DELTA(TM), which is popular in the United States for its
uniformity across a wide range of colors. There are 27 varieties and 7
designer mixes in this series.
o Geranium Pinto, which is the industry leader in seed geraniums, known
for coordinating beautifully in earliness, habit and flower size, as
well as a color palette beyond compare.
24
o PANSY DELTA(TM), which is offered with PREMAGIC(R) and PRENOVA(R) seed
technology, the leading pregerminated seed available to commercial
greenhouse growers, allowing them to profit from greater efficiency
and consistent performance.
Principal Markets
The following table sets out 2002 and 2001 sales of our seed products by
region:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Sales
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
--------------------- ----------------------
(US$ million) (%) (US$ million) (%)
Europe & AME 427 46 393 42
NAFTA 396 42 404 43
Latin America 65 7 88 9
Asia Pacific 49 5 53 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 937 100 938 100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Production
Independent contract growers tend and harvest our seed near Syngenta
facilities throughout the world. After the harvest, the raw seed is sent to our
processing facilities, where it is cleaned, calibrated, treated and packaged.
The largest facilities are located in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France,
Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United States. For large
seed products, seed production tends to occur as close to the intended markets
as possible, in order to match cost effectiveness with the growing conditions
that are optimal for the variety. This also eases logistics for seed products
that require secure storage and timely delivery for the use season.
Due to our global presence, we can engage in seed production year-round
and reduce the weather-related seed production risk. In addition, because our
facilities are located in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres, we can
shorten the time from breeder seed to commercial production so that we can
produce marketable quantities more quickly than if we were dependent on only
one growing season.
In 2001, Syngenta undertook the establishment of a state of the art seed
corn production facility and grower network in Mezotur, Hungary. This project,
which was operational for the intake and conditioning of the 2001 Hungary corn
seed crop, positioned Syngenta as an industry leader in delivering a reliable
cost effective supply of quality corn seed from this key seed production
region. In 2002 the Mezotur plant was seen to be functioning extremely
satisfactorily and delivering forecasted economies.
Marketing and Distribution
Our products are marketed throughout the world through well-known brands,
some of which have been established for over 100 years. Our flagship brands are
NK(R), HILLESHOG(R), S&G(R) and ROGERS(R). The NK(R) brand is used for corn,
soybean, sunflowers and oilseed rape, and several other special crops. The
HILLESHOG(R) brand is used in sugar beets and appears in every major market in
Europe, Japan and the United States. The S&G(R) brand is a leading brand for
vegetables in Europe, Africa and Asia Pacific, and is known throughout the
world for flower seeds and young plants. The ROGERS(R) brand is well known in
the Americas to growers and the food-processing industry for vegetable seeds,
including peas, beans and sweet corn. Our sales force markets the majority of
our brands, servicing customers directly, in partnership with distributors, or
through a network of dealers.
Traditionally, seed and crop protection products were marketed separately.
However, to provide integrated crop solutions and services, our seeds business
is increasingly working together with our crop protection business to develop
joint marketing approaches and initiatives. The objective has been to combine
and capitalize on the strength of each segment to maximize their competitive
advantages as the traditional crop protection and seed markets become
increasingly inter-related. This strategy is primarily focused on corn,
vegetables, cereals and rice which, collectively, represent more than half of
crop protection and seed products combined sales. Where beneficial, crop
protection and seed sales forces coordinate customer approaches and jointly
promote products offering crop solutions that include broad product
combinations and services.
Research and Development
We operate 72 breeding and germplasm enhancement centers, which focus on
advancing the performance, stability and quality of seed varieties for more
than 17 food crops. Because our customers need locally adapted crop varieties,
and in order to satisfy local concerns, our centers are located around the
world. At these centers, nearly one thousand permanent employees focus research
efforts on creating new varieties with greater productivity, tolerance to pests
and other environmental stresses, and better quality characteristics such as
nutritional composition, safety, consumer appeal and shelf life.
We operate biotechnology and seed research technology sites in Brazil,
France, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United States. At these sites, we apply
advanced marker-assisted breeding, and seed processing, pelleting, coating and
upgrading technologies to seed products. Total research and development
spending was US$119 million in 2002 and US$112 million in 2001.
We expect that in the future end users such as livestock feeders, grain
processors, food processors and other partners in the food chain will demand
specific qualities in the crops they use as inputs. We have entered into a
number of targeted alliances with other enterprises, in order to further
broaden the germplasm base and develop partnerships that will enable us to
create more valuable products. None of these alliances
25
are currently material to our business, and it is difficult to predict which of
these alliances is most likely to produce a successful product in the future.
In most cases royalties would be payable upon commercial exploitation. However,
below we list a sample of the alliances in which we are currently engaged.
These include:
o Secobra Recherche SA, a minority shareholding in a malting barley
research consortium with major malting and brewing interests. The
shareholders have mutual rights of first refusal for technology and
new varieties.
In addition, we have entered into a number of research and development
agreements with companies and academic institutions around the world. These
agreements include the following:
o Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (Cali, Colombia), for
assistance in Geographic Information System ("GIS") by satellites in
Latin America.
o Wageningen Agricultural University, for GIS technologies for Europe.
Competition
The main competitive factor remains the quality of the seed and plant
germplasm. Historically, competition in the seeds industry has been fragmented,
with small producers competing in local markets. More recently, however,
technological advances requiring higher research and development spending,
along with price competition brought about by oversupply, have forced new
alliances, aggressive product creation and marketing concepts and price
competition. This environment favors the companies that have a biotechnological
platform and the competition is increasingly differentiated on this basis. At
present, Syngenta's leading competitors in terms of sales in the seed market
are: Advanta, Bayer, Dow (Mycogen), KWS, Limagrain, Monsanto, Pioneer/DuPont,
Sakata, Seminis and Takii.
Intellectual Property
We maintain the ownership of, and control the use of, our inbreds and
varieties by means of intellectual property rights, including, but not limited
to, the use of patents, trademarks, limited licenses, trade secrets, plant
variety protection certificates and language placed on packaging. The level of
protection varies from country to country according to local laws and
international agreements. We do not expect that the expiration of patents in
the near future will have a material impact on our sales.
Plant Science
From improved food, to more efficient fiber, to pollution-reducing animal
feed, biotechnology holds enormous promise for humanity. While they have had a
significant impact on agriculture, the biotechnology products introduced to
date only hint at the benefits that are possible for growers and consumers
alike. With its strong research capabilities, intellectual resources and
leadership across multiple areas of agribusiness, Syngenta is well positioned
to realize the potential of this remarkable science.
In May 2002, Syngenta reinforced its commitment to the future of
biotechnology through its Plant Science business (renamed from the New
Technology group). The mission of Plant Science is to capitalize upon the
company's considerable strengths and marshal the resources needed to take
Syngenta to the forefront of commercial biotechnology in the next decade.
Plant Science directs early stage research and technology expenditure
(including genomics) as well as expenditure for development and marketing
activities to create new business opportunities. Sharper focus will allow
Syngenta to identify the best new ideas in biotechnology and let both strong
science and good business judgment drive its investment choices.
Products in Development
To date, Plant Science generates no income through sales. We expect future
income to arise from new product development, licensing and other arrangements.
Plant Science will give emphasis to the commercialization of near-term projects
that are aligned with the strengths of the Crop Protection and Seeds
businesses. Some of the trait products, described here, are within five years
of commercial launch.
Sectors Targets
------- -------
Agronomic Traits
Corn Improved corn borer and broad spectrum insect resistance
Corn rootworm resistance
Herbicide tolerance
High yield, stress tolerance and improved agronomic traits
Cotton Insect resistance
Herbicide tolerance
Cereals Disease resistance
Waxy wheat - improved baking quality
Rice Insect-resistance
Herbicide tolerance
26
Sectors Targets
------- -------
Feed and Crop Processing
Feed processing Increased processing efficiency and pollution reduction by adding
phytase in animal feed
Crop processing High amylase corn - increased efficiency for ethanol production
Whole Foods
Banana Longer shelf life banana - benefit not only consumers but also
growers, shippers and retailers
Rice Golden Rice - increased levels of beta carotene as potential solution
to Vitamin A deficiency for developing world
Tomatoes Enhanced fruit quality
Virus resistance
Research and Development
A major component of Syngenta's research and development spending for
biotechnology is its genomics program. Syngenta's investment in genomics
underpins all of the product outputs, and the increasing emphasis on integrated
crop solutions is leading to converging research goals and programs across
seeds, chemicals and traits. Three advanced centers for biotechnology research,
Jealotts Hill in England and TMRI(TM) and SBI in the United States, are
dedicated to research in agricultural genomics and biotechnology. In-house work
is complemented and strengthened through numerous alliances and collaborations.
On December 4, 2002, Syngenta and Diversa announced they have formed a broad
collaboration to establish a shared biotechnology research platform in genomics
and related technologies for new plant science applications, as well as for
selected antibody generation and other biopharma product development. Pursuant
to the collaboration, in February 2003, Diversa acquired certain technology
rights from Syngenta for pharmaceutical applications, in exchange for equity of
Diversa. Syngenta will relocate its plant genomics programs, including its
pioneering work with the rice genome, from TMRI(TM) to SBI. As part of the
transaction, the research center at TMRI(TM) will be closed.
In addition to Diversa, Syngenta has other external alliances with:
o University of California, Berkeley: research agreement in genomics
and functional genomics with option for exclusive licenses.
o Centrum voor Plantenveredelings- en Reproductieonderzoek (CPRO):
research agreement for insect control principles with exclusivity.
o University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: studies on disease
resistance mechanisms in plants.
o Maxygen Inc.: exclusive collaboration relating to gene optimization
to provide improved insect, disease and herbicide resistance of
oilseeds, vegetables and cereal crops.
Key capabilities in developing transgenic crops are:
o Ability to find useful genes: Syngenta is capitalizing here on its
pioneering work in mapping the rice genome but also accessing
external sources through its collaborations with various university
labs around the world and through its Diversa collaboration.
o Plant transformation: This is the process of introducing genes into
plants. Pioneering work in this area was done in Syngenta's research
center at SBI.
o Use of marker genes: There has been significant public and regulatory
debate over the use of microbial antibiotic resistance as a marker
technology. Syngenta has developed and patented an alternative sugar
based system trademarked "Positech(R)(TM)" which is widely used by
researchers.
o Trait expression: This is the process of switching on and off genes
or regulating them to various levels of expression in different
tissues. This is achieved through specialized promoter genes.
Syngenta's work with the rice genome has resulted in the discovery
and patenting of a wide range of promoter genes.
o Regulatory capability: All biotechnology products are subject to an
intense regulatory scrutiny. An extensive Syngenta network of
regulatory specialists around the world ensures continued dialogue
with the authorities regarding regulatory dossier submissions, insect
resistance management programs and participation in further
development of the biotech regulatory framework.
27
Total research and development spending was US$153 million in 2002 and
US$153 million in 2001.
Principal Markets
The market environment for products enhanced through biotechnology is
complex. Use of this innovative technology in agriculture continues to divide
opinions around the world. Political and consumer attitudes are polarized:
while in the Americas and Asia, benefits such as better protection from pests
and improved efficiency for growers are already being realized and widely
accepted, in the European Market, consumer acceptance is low and the regulatory
framework remains stalled.
Competition
The major investors in biotechnology are the main crop protection and seed
companies: Monsanto, DuPont/Pioneer, Syngenta, Bayer and Dow. The majority of
the transgenic products commercialized to date are traits that improve grower
efficiency in crops of corn, soya, cotton and canola. Because of that, access
to germplasm as a platform for trait commercialization is a key competitive
advantage for winning in biotechnology in the agronomic traits area. For the
future, the emphasis will be on developing products that provide benefits to
food and feed processors, retail trade and consumers. A competitive advantage
for these market sectors will be the ability to develop partnerships to allow
delivery of biotechnology traits to the target market sectors and value
extraction.
Intellectual Property
The intellectual property laws of the countries in which they are made and
marketed protect products developed through biotechnology. Syngenta takes
advantage of the full spectrum of intellectual property laws, including utility
patents, plant variety protection certificates, plant breeders' rights, plant
patents, trade secrets, and trademarks. The level and type of protection varies
from country to country according to local laws and international agreements.
Syngenta has one of the broadest patent and trademark portfolios in the
industry. In addition to income from development and commercialization of
transgenic products, income is generated from licensing arrangements. Syngenta
respects the intellectual property rights of others and will defend its
intellectual property rights as necessary.
Government Regulation
The field-testing, production, import, marketing and use of our products
are subject to extensive regulation and numerous government approvals.
Government regulations, regulatory systems, and the politics which influence
them vary widely among jurisdictions. Obtaining necessary regulatory approval
is time consuming and costly, and there can be no guarantee of the timing or
success in obtaining approvals.
If crops grown from seeds developed through biotechnology are not yet
approved for import into certain markets, growers in other countries may be
restricted from introducing or selling their produce. In addition, because
there are markets that have not approved some products, some companies in the
grain and food industries have sought to establish supplies of
non-genetically-modified crops, or have refused to purchase crops grown from
seeds developed through biotechnology. Resulting concerns about trade and
marketability of these products may deter farmers from planting them and can
result in grower opposition to the introduction of new biotechnology products
or approved traits in a new crop even in countries where planting consumption
may be fully approved.
28
Property, Plant and Equipment
Our principal executive offices are located in Basel, Switzerland. Our
businesses operate through a number of offices, research facilities and
production sites.
The following is a summary of the principal establishments of Syngenta:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approximate area
Locations Freehold/Leasehold (square feet) Principal Use
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rosental, Basel, Switzerland (1) Freehold 838,400 Headquarters, research
Dielsdorf, Switzerland (5) Freehold 2,306,000 Administration,
marketing, production
Greensboro, North Carolina, USA Freehold 2,970,000 U.S. Headquarters,
production, research
St. Gabriel, Louisiana, USA Freehold 54,663,400 Production
Jealott's Hill, Berkshire, UK Freehold 26,910,000 Research center
Bayport, Texas, USA Freehold 16,945,350 Production
Monthey, Switzerland Freehold 12,010,000 Production
Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, UK Freehold 10,756,200 Production
Cold Creek, Texas, USA Freehold 9,539,900 Production
Goa, India Freehold 8,668,000 Production
Grangemouth, Falkirk, UK Freehold 8,000,000 Production
Landskrona, Sweden (2) Freehold 6,610,800 Research, production
and marketing
Greens Bayou, Texas, USA Freehold 5,898,800 Production
Enkhuizen, The Netherlands (2) Freehold 4,305,600 Administration,
research and marketing
Stein, Switzerland Freehold 1,949,990 Research center
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Freehold 1,195,300 Research center
USA
Aigues-Vives, France Freehold 1,538,680 (3) Production
Nerac, France (2) Freehold 1,225,800 Production
Saint-Sauveur, France (2) Freehold 1,279,500 Administration,
research
Nantong, China Leasehold 896,264 Production
Munchwilen, Switzerland Freehold 610,300 Production
Grimsby, UK (6) Freehold 181,300 Production
La Jolla, California, USA (6) Leasehold 80,000 Research center
Kaisten, Switzerland Freehold 71,000 (4) Production
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Mixed use for crop protection and seed business.
(2) Establishment of seed business.
(3) Only 875,850 square feet are currently used and developed.
(4) Surface area of building/factory which is owned; land itself (143,000
square feet) is owned by third party.
(5) Production site closure announced.
(6) Site sale or closure announced.
29
ITEM 5 -- OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS
Overview
Syngenta is a world leading agribusiness operating in the Crop Protection
and Seeds businesses. Crop Protection chemicals include herbicides,
insecticides and fungicides to control weeds, insect pests and diseases in
crops, and are essential inputs enabling growers around the world to improve
agricultural productivity and food quality. Many of these products also have
application in the professional products sector in areas such as seed treatment
and turf and ornamental markets. The Seeds business operates in two high-value
commercial sectors: seeds for field crops including corn, oilseeds and sugar
beet; and vegetable and flower seeds. Syngenta is also developing a Plant
Science business (formerly New Technology) applying biotechnology to improve
growers' yield and food quality. Syngenta aims to be the partner of choice for
Syngenta's grower customers with its unparalleled product offerings, creating
value for customers and shareholders.
Syngenta's results are affected, both positively and negatively, by, among
other factors: general economic conditions; weather conditions (which can
influence the demand for certain products over the course of a season);
commodity crop prices and exchange rate fluctuations. Government measures, such
as subsidies or rules regulating the areas allowed to be planted with certain
crops, also can have an impact on Syngenta's industry. Syngenta's results are
also increasingly affected by the growing importance of biotechnology to
agriculture and the use of genetically modified crops.
Syngenta operates globally to exploit its technology and marketing base.
Syngenta's largest markets are Europe, Africa and the Middle East (EAME), and
NAFTA, which represented 38% and 36%, respectively, of consolidated sales in
2002 (2001: 36% and 36%, 2000: 36% and 35%). Both sales and operating profit
are seasonal and are weighted towards the first half of the calendar year,
which largely reflects the northern hemisphere planting and growing cycle.
Manufacturing and Research and development are largely based in
Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars, as
this is the major currency in which revenues are denominated. However,
significant, but differing proportions of our revenues, costs, assets and
liabilities are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars.
Approximately 23% of sales in 2002 were denominated in euros, while a
significant proportion of costs for research and development, administration,
general overhead and manufacturing are denominated in Swiss francs and British
pounds sterling, sales in which currencies together make up around 3% of total
sales. Marketing and distribution costs are more closely linked to the currency
split of the sales. As a result, operating profit in U.S. dollars can be
significantly affected by movements in exchange rates, in particular movements
of the Swiss franc, British pound sterling and the euro relative to the U.S.
dollar, and the relative impact on operating profit may differ from that on
sales. In the second half of 2002, the U.S. dollar depreciated against all
major currencies including the euro, Swiss franc, British pound sterling and
the Japanese yen, and for the full year, sales were marginally (1%) increased
by exchange movements compared to 2001 exchange rates, whereas operating profit
excluding Special items was reduced by 6%. During 2001, the U.S. dollar
appreciated against these currencies and reduced total 2001 sales by 3%
compared to 2000. The effects of currency fluctuations have been reduced by
risk management activities such as hedging.
The consolidated financial statements are based upon Syngenta's accounting
policies and, where necessary, the results of management estimations. Syngenta
believes that the critical accounting policies and estimations underpinning the
financial statements are (i) adjustments for doubtful receivables, (ii)
environmental provisions, (iii) impairment and (iv) defined benefit pensions.
These policies are described in more detail later in this report.
Results of operations for the years 2000 to 2002 reflect the impact of low
crop commodity prices and difficult agricultural market conditions.
Sales by region were as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended December 31,
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Europe, Africa and Middle East 2,346 2,263 1,747
NAFTA 2,260 2,291 1,690
Latin America 661 765 641
Asia Pacific 930 1,004 798
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6,197 6,323 4,876
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 and 2001 results represent the results of Syngenta, which has
integrated the legacy Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals business.
2000 represents the results for Novartis agribusiness for 2000 plus two months
of Zeneca agrochemicals business. The notes to the Financial Highlights explain
this in more detail.
Crop Protection
The Crop Protection market remained difficult in 2002. The recovery in
some crop commodity prices towards the end of the year was too late to impact
Syngenta sales and it is not yet clear to what extent these prices will be
sustained in 2003 and the extent to which this will impact demand and prices of
inputs. Reduction in channel inventories also continued through the year in
several
30
major markets to align sales more closely to consumption. This was particularly
successful in Brazil, where Syngenta also constrained sales to control
receivables and reduce credit risk in the face of high economic and exchange
rate volatility. The product phase-out program, with 14 further active
ingredients withdrawn in 2002, reduced sales by US$129 million but this was
more than offset by the successful rollout of the new products noted below. A
competitive United States herbicide market was primarily responsible for a 1%
decline in price. The weakness of the Brazilian real also reduced prices in
U.S. dollar terms.
New product sales generated 4% sales growth compared to 2001 and more than
offset the phase-outs from the range rationalization program. The following new
products launched in 2001 gained market penetration and further registrations
in new markets were achieved:
o CALLISTO(R) (mesotrione), a post-emergence corn herbicide with a new
mode of action, exceeded expectations in the key United States market
and grew strongly in Germany;
o ACANTO(TM) (picoxystrobin), a new generation strobilurin fungicide,
contributed to growth in Germany and the United Kingdom and in the
final quarter registration and first sales in the major French market
were achieved; and
o ACTARA(R) and CRUISER(R) (thiamethoxam) also continued to penetrate
the insecticide and seed treatment insecticide markets respectively.
In Europe, Africa and the Middle East, strong sales in Eastern Europe and
particularly in Germany offset lower sales in the major French market, where a
contracting market, increased fungicide competition and the impact of a heavy
phase-out program all adversely affected results.
In NAFTA, channel inventory reductions, a competitive herbicide market and
product range rationalization all contributed to lower sales in the United
States, but this was offset by new product-driven growth in Canada and Mexico
and Crop Protection sales were only marginally down.
In Latin America, there was some recovery of sales in Argentina, all on
secure terms. In Brazil, sales were deliberately constrained to reduce
receivables and channel inventories and pricing was eroded by the significant
devaluation of the Brazilian real. Consumption at grower level in Brazil is
estimated to have increased.
Sales in Asia Pacific were lower due to severe drought in Australia,
product phase-outs and the reduction in channel inventories in Japan, allied to
some consolidation in the multi-layered Japanese distribution network. The
growth of non-selective herbicides in China continued.
Seeds
The Seeds segment had a mixed performance in 2002 and overall sales were
flat at constant exchange rates(1).
Vegetable and flower sales grew in Europe and NAFTA and this compensated
for a decline in field crop sales in Brazil and the United States, particularly
in corn. Performance across all major crops in Europe was strong.
Syngenta Operating Segments
Syngenta is organized on a worldwide basis into three operating segments,
Crop Protection, Seeds and Plant Science. The Plant Science segment was
referred to as the New Technology segment in the 2001 consolidated financial
statements. The following tables set out sales and operating income by segment
for each of the periods indicated:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended December 31,
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales
Crop Protection 5,260 5,385 3,918
Seeds 937 938 958
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6,197 6,323 4,876
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating Income
Crop Protection 397 473 1,190
Seeds 20 62 3
Plant Science (173) (167) (125)
Unallocated (merger costs) - (3) (68)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 244 365 1,000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income in 2002 includes US$396 million of merger and
restructuring costs, net of divestment gains substantially related to the
integration and restructuring of the combined businesses following the
formation of Syngenta in November 2000. In 2001, the equivalent cost was US$277
million. Delivery of the planned synergies is ahead of schedule with US$197
million annual
-----------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
31
savings in 2002 and cumulative annual savings from 2001 and 2002 of US$362
million. Further details are provided in Notes 6 and 22 to the consolidated
financial statements.
In order to obtain regulatory approval for the merger, Syngenta agreed to
divest certain products and product rights. In 2001, completed divestments
include the sales of the herbicide propaquizafop, the fungicide flutriafol and
the insecticide thiocyclam. 2001 sales in the period up to divestment were US$9
million for these products and product rights. 2001 divestments produced net
gains of US$75 million (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements).
In 2000, completed divestments included the sale of the fungicide, Flint.
These divestments, in the aggregate, represented approximately US$125 million
of sales and US$49 million of operating income for the year ended December 31,
2000 and US$95 million of sales and US$37 million of operating income in the
year ended December 31, 1999. These divestments produced a gain of US$785
million in 2000.
The expense recorded for defined benefit pension plans increased from
US$72 million in 2001 (including US$10 million of restructuring costs) to
US$117 million in 2002 (including US$33 million of restructuring costs of which
US$14 million are non-cash costs) as a result of reductions in the discount
rates used to value the benefit obligation and in the expected rate of return
on assets, and because the market value of assets was affected in 2001 by the
general adverse fall in equity prices.
The following pages contain references to constant exchange rates (CER).
Variances at constant exchange rates are calculated by consolidating the
current year results of group entities reported in local currency into U.S.
dollars using the average exchange rates used in the prior year, and comparing
this with the consolidated results as reported for the prior year.
2002 COMPARED TO 2001
Sales Commentary
Total Syngenta consolidated sales for 2002 were US$6,197 million, compared
to US$6,323 million for 2001. The following table analyzes the decrease in
sales of 2% (3% at constant exchange rates (CER(2))):
Full Year Growth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 Actual % CER(2) %
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Protection 5,260 5,385 - 2 - 3
Seeds 937 938 - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6,197 6,323 - 2 - 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Protection Sales
Growth rates in the following narrative compare 2002 actual results with 2001
actual results and are at constant exchange rates (CER(2)) unless otherwise
stated.
Commentary on product performance
Full Year Growth(1)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
Product Line US$ million US$ million Actual % CER(2) %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selective herbicides 1,606 1,722 - 6 - 7
Non-selective herbicides 650 687 - 2 - 3
Fungicides 1,398 1,392 - - 1
Insecticides 855 944 - 7 - 7
Professional products 585 522 6 5
Others 166 118 19 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5,260 5,385 - 2 - 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Herbicides are products that prevent or reduce weeds that compete with the
crop for nutrients and water. Selective herbicides are crop-specific and
control weeds without harming the crop. Non-selective herbicides reduce or halt
the growth of all vegetation with which they come into contact.
Fungicides are products that prevent and cure fungal plant diseases that
affect crop yield and quality.
Insecticides are products that control chewing pests such as caterpillars
and sucking pests such as aphids, which reduce crop yields and quality.
Professional products are herbicides, insecticides and fungicides used in
markets such as seed treatment, public health, and turf and ornamentals.
-----------------
(1) Product line variances take into account minor reclassifications made in
2002.
(2) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
32
Selective Herbicides: major brands BICEP(R) MAGNUM, CALLISTO(R), DUAL(R)
MAGNUM, FLEX(R), FUSILADE(R), TOPIK(R)
Total sales declined for three main reasons: price pressure, largely in
the United States, accounted for US$47 million; range rationalization of US$32
million; and volume reductions in Brazil due to de-stocking. In corn
herbicides, sales of CALLISTO(R) reached US$103 million following a strong
first full season of marketing; this more than offset the decline in DUAL(R)/
BICEP(R) MAGNUM due to the competitive US market. In soybeans, sales of FLEX(R)
and FUSILADE(R) were also lower with increased herbicide-tolerant crop (HTC)
plantings. In cereals, sales of the grass herbicide TOPIK(R) declined in
France, and in Canada and Australia due to drought.
Non-selective Herbicides: major brands GRAMOXONE(R), TOUCHDOWN(R)
Continued strong growth of TOUCHDOWN(R) IQ(TM) in the United States was
offset by lower sales in Brazil. New marketing programs for GRAMOXONE(R) in
Australia and China increased sales; in Japan and Brazil there was continued
channel de-stocking. Two years after the opening of the Nantong plant, China
has become the second largest market for GRAMOXONE(R) after the United States.
Fungicides: major brands ACANTO(TM), AMISTAR(R), BRAVO(R), RIDOMIL GOLD(R),
SCORE(R), TILT(R), UNIX(R)
First full-season launches in Europe, including a late fourth quarter
launch in France, of the new strobilurin ACANTO(TM), resulted in sales of US$40
million. This more than offset reduced sales of AMISTAR(R), the largest product
in the fungicide portfolio, which were lower due to the introduction of a new
competitor in France at the start of the season; there was continued
encouraging growth in the United States, Japan and Brazil. Sales growth of
SCORE(R), in Asia and Europe, and a number of smaller products compensated for
lower sales of RIDOMIL(R), BRAVO(R) and TILT(R). Underlying sales growth in
fungicides was impacted by the phase-out of older products (US$28 million).
Insecticides: major brands ACTARA(R), FORCE(R), KARATE(R), PROCLAIM(R),
VERTIMEC(R)
ACTARA(R) achieved sales of US$87 million, with broad-based growth and a
particularly strong performance in the United States. Sales of KARATE(R)
benefited from strong growth in KARATE(R) ZEON(R) in Germany. Reduced cotton
plantings in Australia and the United States combined with channel de-stocking
in Brazil resulted in lower sales for a number of products. Over half the
decline in insecticides was due to phase-outs (US$35 million).
Professional Products: major brands CRUISER(R), DIVIDEND(R), HERITAGE(R),
ICON(R), MAXIM(R)
Seed Treatment sales sustained very strong growth with sales of CRUISER(R)
more than doubling to US$54 million, driven by strong demand in North America
in cotton and canola. Growth of MAXIM(R) continued in the United States and
Brazil. Sales of Turf and Ornamentals were lower with growth more than offset
by product phase-outs (US$29 million). Public Health sales were down due to
reduced tenders for ICON(R).
Commentary on regional performance
Full Year Growth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
Regional US$ million US$ million Actual % CER(1) %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Europe, Africa and Middle East 1,919 1,870 3 -
NAFTA 1,864 1,887 - 1 - 1
Latin America 596 677 - 12 - 12
Asia Pacific 881 951 - 7 - 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5,260 5,385 - 2 - 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales in Europe, Africa and the Middle East were unchanged. Growth came
from new product introductions throughout the region and particularly strong
performances in Germany and Eastern Europe; sales in France were lower due to a
contracting market, increased fungicide competition and the impact of a heavy
phase-out program which all adversely affected sales.
In NAFTA, sales continued to grow in Canada and Mexico. In the United
States strong new product growth was offset by the adverse effects of channel
de-stocking, lower prices from a competitive herbicide market and product
phase-outs.
In Latin America, Syngenta continued to apply a tight credit policy in the
face of economic uncertainty and exchange rate volatility in Brazil and worked
to reduce channel stocks to bring sales more in line with farmer usage. This
resulted in a deliberate sales volume reduction compounded by lower U.S. dollar
equivalent prices from the weaker Brazilian real. Sales on secure terms in
Argentina showed good recovery from 2001 levels.
Sales in Asia Pacific were reduced by channel de-stocking in Japan, where
there has been some consolidation within the multi-layered channel, and the
impact of severe drought in Australia. Product phase-outs reduced sales by
US$17 million.
----------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
33
Seeds Sales
Growth rates in the following narrative compare 2002 actuals with 2001 and are
at constant exchange rates (CER(1)) unless otherwise stated.
Commentary on product performance
Full Year Growth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
Product line US$ million US$ million Actual % CER(1) %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field Crops 503 530 - 5 - 4
Vegetables and Flowers 434 408 6 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 937 938 - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field Crops: major brands NK(R) corn, NK(R) oilseeds, HILLESHOG(R) sugar beet
Sales of NK(R) corn declined as growth in Europe was more than offset by
increased penetration of herbicide-tolerant corn in the United States and
significantly lower sales in Brazil. Oilseed sales increased slightly with a
strong performance in sunflowers in Eastern Europe and growth in Latin America
more than offsetting reduced soybean sales in the United States. With new
germplasm, HILLESHOG(R) sugar beet performed well in a declining European
market. Sales of genetically modified products were stable and accounted for
17% of total Seeds sales.
Vegetables and Flowers: major brands S&G(R) vegetables, ROGERS(R) vegetables,
S&G(R) flowers
S&G(R) vegetables sales continued to grow with particularly strong results
from peppers, tomatoes and melons in Europe though partly offset by some
decline in South Korea.
Sales of S&G(R) flowers increased primarily in Europe where the full
commercialization of the proprietary X-tray(TM) System for young plants provided
strong growth.
Commentary on regional performance
Full Year Growth
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001
Regional US$ million US$ million Actual % CER(1) %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Europe, Africa and Middle East 427 393 8 8
NAFTA 396 404 - 2 - 2
Latin America 65 88 - 26 - 26
Asia Pacific 49 53 - 8 - 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 937 938 - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales in Europe, Africa and the Middle East grew across all major crops,
but with particularly strong achievements in vegetables, flowers, corn and
sunflowers.
In NAFTA, declines in corn and soybean sales more than offset growth in
vegetables and flowers.
The significant sales decline in Latin America reflects the impact of the
Brazilian crisis, a reduced market affecting corn sales and the implementation
of the risk reduction strategy.
Growth in Asia Pacific field crop sales, particularly in India, was more
than offset by a decline in vegetable sales in South Korea and Japan.
Operating Income
Unless stated otherwise, the following discussion is based on operating
income excluding Special items.
Operating income excluding Special items
Full Year Growth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million, except growth %) 2002 2001 Actual % CER(1) %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Protection 745 738 1 4
Seeds 68 71 - 4 10
Plant Science (173) (167) - 3 -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 640 642 - 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
34
Crop Protection Operating Income
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Special items Excluding Special items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% growth
(US$ million, except growth %) 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 CER(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 5,260 5,385 - - 5,260 5,385 - 3
Cost of goods sold (2,681) (2,740) - - (2,681) (2,740) 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 2,579 2,645 - - 2,579 2,645 - 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 49% 49% 49% 49%
Marketing and distribution (909) (948) - - (909) (948) 6
Research and development (425) (458) - - (425) (458) 10
General and administrative (500) (501) - - (500) (501) - 6
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains (348) (265) (348) (265) - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 397 473 (348) (265) 745 738 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 8% 9% 14% 14%
As a percentage of sales, gross profit remained stable in 2002 despite the
adverse effects from the strengthening of the Swiss franc and British pound
sterling against the U.S. dollar and lower U.S. dollar equivalent prices in
Brazil. At constant exchange rates(1) gross profit would have been 0.6% higher
than 2001, largely from synergy cost savings. Operating income increased by 1%
in 2002 to US$745 million as cost savings more than offset the impact of lower
sales, and at constant exchange rates(1) was 4% higher.
Special items are merger and restructuring costs, net of divestment gains.
In 2002 these restructuring costs are associated with the continued
implementation of the synergy programs, and in 2001 represent merger and
restructuring costs associated with synergy programs, net of mandated product
divestment gains. In 2001, mandated product divestment gains were US$75
million. The restructuring programs and related costs are discussed in more
detail later in this section.
Compared to 2001, marketing and distribution costs reduced by 6% at
constant exchange rates(1), and research and development costs reduced by 10%,
both primarily due to the savings associated with synergy programs. General and
administrative costs increased by 6% at constant exchange rates(1), largely due
to the cost of projects initiated in 2002 to enhance business processes and
systems; this was offset by the inclusion of exchange hedging gains of US$43
million, which are excluded from the CER variance.
Crop Protection operating income for 2002 benefited from US$23 million of
gains (2001: loss of US$9 million) on disposals of fixed assets. A final
royalty payment of US$20 million under a license agreement with Pfizer Inc.
which has now expired, was received during 2002, and is shown in General and
administrative. Income from this license in 2001 was US$25 million.
Seeds Operating Income
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Special items Excluding Special items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% growth
(US$ million, except growth %) 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 CER(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 937 938 - - 937 938 -
Cost of goods sold (451) (459) - - (451) (459) 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 486 479 - - 486 479 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 52% 51% - - 52% 51%
Marketing and distribution (237) (230) - - (237) (230) - 1
Research and development (119) (112) - - (119) (112) - 4
General and administrative (62) (66) - - (62) (66) 8
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains (48) (9) (48) (9) - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 20 62 (48) (9) 68 71 10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 2% 7% 7% 8%
Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased by almost 1% over 2001 due
to strong growth in the high-margin Vegetables and Flowers businesses in Europe
and continued cost containment initiatives in supply chain management.
Excluding the effects of exchange rates(1), costs below gross profit were flat
overall and the gross profit improvement generated 10% higher operating income.
Marketing and distribution expenses increased by 1% to US$237 million.
Research and development expenses increased 4% for the year, partly with
increasing costs to register GM products and as the business took over full
control of the Orynova operation in Japan.
---------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
35
General and administrative expenses decreased in all regions, with the
consolidation of non-customer facing back-office activities across the
different Seeds crops contributing to the 8% reduction.
Special items in 2002 are cash restructuring costs related to Orynova and
the South Korean business and the impairment of tangible and intangible assets,
relating to South Korea and other smaller Seeds acquisitions. Cash
restructuring costs in the above total US$6 million.
Plant Science Operating Income
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Special items Excluding Special items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% growth
(US$ million, except growth %) 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 CER(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales - - - - - - -
Cost of goods sold - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales - - - - -
Marketing and distribution - - - - - - -
Research and development (153) (153) - - (153) (153) 3
General and administrative (20) (14) - - (20) (14) - 30
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income (173) (167) - - (173) (167) -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales - - - -
Operating losses showed little change compared to 2001 as the synergy
benefit in lower research costs was offset by higher spending in readying the
business for commercialization.
Restructuring Programs
Following the formation of Syngenta on November 13, 2000, Syngenta
embarked upon a plan to integrate and restructure the combined businesses in
order to achieve synergies. Taken together, Syngenta expects that these
restructuring actions will result in one-time cash charges of some US$1,000
million, and annual cost savings of around US$625 million by the end of 2005.
By the end of 2002, annual cost savings totaled US$362 million and cash costs
totaled US$725 million.
Cost of goods sold realized savings of US$60 million in 2002 due to the
restructuring of global manufacturing and supply. Further closures of
manufacturing sites and technology centers were initiated during 2002, and
activities at remaining sites are being realigned for cost base optimization.
Selling, general and administration expenses realized savings of US$91
million due to additional synergy delivery and the full year effects of the
integration of sales forces and administrative functions carried out in 2001.
Cost reduction in research and development reflects the continuing
intersite rationalization and focusing of research activity.
In addition to the above programs, Syngenta has initiated plans to
restructure certain parts of the Seeds business, acquired before the formation
of Syngenta, where performance has not been in line with expectations. In
particular, restructuring plans are in place for the South Korean Seeds
business and the European cereals business. The cost of the rationalization,
including impairment of tangible and intangible fixed assets acquired of US$40
million, totals US$48 million.
Total restructuring charges in 2002 comprised US$248 million of
integration, synergy and restructuring costs, US$134 million of fixed asset
impairments, and US$14 million of non-cash accounting write-offs incurred in
relation to defined benefit pension plans as a direct result of restructuring
initiatives. The net charge was US$396 million.
Financial Expense, Net
Financial expense, net was 24% lower than 2001. Strongly positive
operating cash flows reduced net debt(1) by US$548 million, and group financing
arrangements were enhanced by centralization of debt and reduction of cash
balances leading to improved management of interest rates, increased control
over credit and relationships as well as an increase in the sourcing of
cost-effective financing.
Taxes
The tax rate on ongoing operations was 39%(1) in 2002 (2001: 42%(1)). The
estimated credit on Special items was 26%(1) as tax relief is not available for
all restructuring costs, in particular the impairment of goodwill. The total
effective tax rate was 141%(1), higher than the 68%(1) recorded in 2001 mainly
due to the higher level of restructuring charges in 2002.
---------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
36
During 2002, Syngenta reviewed the realizability of the net deferred tax
asset related to its Brazilian Crop Protection operations to take into account
the effect of the depreciation in value of the Brazilian real. As a result, the
valuation allowance against this deferred tax asset was increased by US$27
million. The effect of this charge on Syngenta's effective tax rate on ongoing
operations for 2002 was offset by the tax benefits associated with projects to
improve the efficiency for tax purposes of the way Syngenta conducts its
operations.
Net Income
Net income, before Special items of US$396 million as defined in Note 3 to
the Financial Highlights, was 19% higher than the comparable figure before
Special items for 2001. This increase is primarily due to much reduced
financing costs and the lower tax rate. Operating income before Special items
was stable compared to 2001, but 5% higher at constant exchange rates(1). The
acceleration in restructuring charges, particularly as the integration of
production and research activities gathered pace, meant that a net loss of
US$27 million was recorded after Special items.
Other Supplementary Income Data
EBITDA(1) excluding Special items increased 2% in U.S. dollar terms and 5%
when the effects of currency are excluded (CER(1)) due to lower costs and
benefits of improved product mix through range rationalization more than
offsetting the impact of the lower sales. The relatively higher proportion of
Swiss franc and British pound sterling costs compared to sales meant that
exchange rates adversely affected EBITDA whilst marginally increasing sales.
EBITDA as a percentage of sales increased by 0.8% to 18.6%.
2001 COMPARED TO 2000
Statutory and Proforma numbers
In order to understand both the effect of the acquisition of Zeneca
agrochemicals business by Novartis agribusiness to form Syngenta, and also the
underlying business performance in 2001 compared to 2000, Syngenta management
considers that it is necessary to present 2000 financial information both on a
statutory consolidated basis, and on a proforma basis.
The statutory consolidated basis, referred to as "statutory" in the tables
that follow, is prepared on the basis described in Note 1 to the Financial
Highlights, and is in accordance with International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS).
The proforma basis, referred to as "proforma" in the tables that follow,
assumes that both legacy businesses merged from January 1, 1999, and excludes
all products which have been divested in compliance with competition authority
mandates for the formation of Syngenta. The proforma figures are reconciled to
statutory figures in Appendix A to this section.
Sales Commentary
Statutory
On a statutory basis, total Syngenta consolidated sales for 2001 were US$6,323
million, compared to US$4,876 million for 2000. The following table
demonstrates how the increase in sales of 33% at constant exchange rates (CER)
arose:
Full Year Growth
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million, except growth %) 2001 2000 Actual % CER(1) %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Protection 5,385 3,918 37 41
Seeds 938 958 - 2 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6,323 4,876 30 33
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The 41% rise in Crop Protection sales is primarily because of the impact
of a full year of Zeneca agrochemicals business sales being contained in the
2001 sales; 2000 contains Zeneca agrochemicals business sales for November and
December 2000 only.
Aside from this, the ex-Novartis Crop Protection business sales declined
9% in 2001.
Adverse currency effects impacted total sales by 3%.
The commentary on sales that follows is on a proforma basis.
----------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
37
Crop Protection Sales
Growth rates in the following narrative compare 2001 actual results with
proforma 2000 and are at constant exchange rates (CER)(1) unless otherwise
stated.
Commentary on product performance
Full Year Growth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Actual Proforma(1)
2001 2000
Product line US$ million US$ million Actual % CER(1) %
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selective herbicides 1,722 1,841 - 6 - 3
Non-selective herbicides 687 760 - 10 - 5
Fungicides 1,392 1,541 - 10 - 5
Insecticides 944 1,069 - 12 - 6
Professional products 522 558 - 6 - 4
Others 118 119 - 1 -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5,385 5,888 - 9 - 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Selective Herbicides: major brands BICEP(R) MAGNUM, CALLISTO(R), DUAL(R)
MAGNUM, FLEX(R), FUSILADE(R), TOPIK(R)
In corn herbicides, sales of the market-leading brands of DUAL(R)/BICEP(R)
MAGNUM were up slightly and the successful mid-season first introductions of
CALLISTO(R) in Europe and the United States resulted in sales of US$27 million.
In cereals, sales of the grass herbicide TOPIK(R) grew strongly following the
successful full launch in the United States and a sustained performance in
Western Europe. FUSILADE(R), also for grass control, benefited from the delayed
acceptance of herbicide tolerant soybeans in Brazil. Lower sales in Argentina
and of smaller and older brands led to the overall reduction in selective
herbicides.
Non-selective Herbicides: major brands GRAMOXONE(R), TOUCHDOWN(R)
The successful launch of TOUCHDOWN(R) IQ(TM) in the United States
underpinned strong growth for the TOUCHDOWN(R) brand in this market. This more
than offset lower sales in Argentina and Brazil where the company has
maintained its tight credit policy. The first full year of GRAMOXONE(R)
production at the new Nantong plant, combined with the expansion of the field
force, resulted in further sales growth in China; this did not fully compensate
for declines in the United States, due to a reduced burndown market, and in
Latin America.
Fungicides: major brands AMISTAR(R), RIDOMIL GOLD(R), SCORE(R), TILT(R), UNIX(R)
Sales of AMISTAR(R), the largest product in the fungicide portfolio, were
up 3%, benefiting from introductions in new crops, particularly in the United
States and Canada. SCORE(R), a vegetable and rice fungicide, continued to grow
strongly in both Asia and Latin America. These performances were insufficient
to offset the unfavorable market conditions during the year, particularly for
cereal crops in Northern Europe and non-field crops in North America, which
resulted in reduced treatments for UNIX(R), TILT(R) and RIDOMIL GOLD(R).
Insecticides: major brands ACTARA(R), FORCE(R), KARATE(R), PROCLAIM(R),
VERTIMEC(R)
ACTARA(R) grew strongly during the year following launches in the United
States, Japan and India. Sales of PROCLAIM(R) sustained good growth following a
second successful year for cotton in Australia. KARATE(R) sales were lower
overall as volume increases were insufficient to offset price competition in
the U.S. cotton market. VERTIMEC(R) sales were reduced by increased competition
in the acaricides market. Overall sales were down due to lower sales in
Argentina and the continued phase-out of less profitable, older and third party
products.
Professional Products: major brands AVID(R), BARRICADE(R), CRUISER(R),
DIVIDEND(R), HERITAGE(R), ICON(R), MAXIM(R)
Sales in Seed Treatments increased; CRUISER(R), the new insecticide seed
treatment, and the fungicide seed treatments, DIVIDEND(R) and MAXIM(R),
sustained good growth. Turf and Ornamental sales declined as a result of low
pest and disease pressure in the important U.S. market. Reduced tenders for the
insecticide ICON(R) impacted the Public Health business.
Commentary on regional performance
Full Year Growth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Actual Proforma(1)
2001 2000
Regional US$ million US$ million Actual % CER(1) %
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Europe, Africa and Middle East 1,870 1,991 - 6 - 2
NAFTA 1,887 2,008 - 6 - 6
Latin America 677 850 - 20 - 19
Asia Pacific 951 1,039 - 8 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5,385 5,888 - 9 - 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
38
Sales in Europe, Africa and the Middle East were affected by the adverse
market conditions in Western Europe. Good sales growth was sustained in Eastern
Europe.
In NAFTA, good sales growth in Canada and Mexico was insufficient to
offset the adverse effects of reduced U.S. acreages, a competitive U.S. cotton
market and drought, which reduced markets in western and southern horticultural
areas. In addition, there were inventory reductions in the distribution
channel.
In Latin America, the maintenance of Syngenta's tight credit policy has
resulted in a deliberate sales reduction, with encouraging growth in direct
marketing to large growers in Brazil insufficient to offset the overall
decrease.
Sales in Asia Pacific in the second half of the year benefited from
changes in distribution arrangements and downstream moves, primarily in Japan
with the acquisition of Tomono Agrica, Australia and the Philippines, and the
increased sales in China of GRAMOXONE(R).
Seeds Sales
Growth rates in the following narrative compare 2001 actual results with
proforma 2000 and are at constant exchange rates (CER) unless otherwise stated.
Commentary on product performance
Full Year Growth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Actual Proforma(1)
2001 2000
Product Line US$ million US$ million Actual % CER(1) %
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field Crops 530 552 - 4 -
Vegetables and Flowers 408 406 1 5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 938 958 - 2 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Field Crops: major brands NK(R) corn, NK(R) oilseeds, HILLESHOG(R) sugar beet
Sales of corn were unchanged; NK(R) corn grew strongly following
successful launches of new hybrids in both Europe and Brazil while sales in
NAFTA declined partly due to the decrease in corn acreage. Oilseeds sales were
up, with sales of soybeans and sunflower seeds growing strongly in the Americas
and Eastern Europe respectively. HILLESHOG (R) sugar beet performed well in a
declining European market. The divestment of sorghum in 2000 accounted for over
1% of the reduction in total Field Crop sales. Sales of genetically modified
product continued to grow and accounted for 17% of total sales.
Vegetables and Flowers: major brands S&G(R) vegetables, ROGERS(R) vegetables,
S&G(R) flowers
Strong sales growth was achieved especially in S&G(R) vegetables. Sales in
Europe (with notable contributions from peppers, tomatoes, melons and leeks),
Asia and Brazil all increased; subdued demand and heavy competition hampered
performance in NAFTA.
Sales of S&G(R) flowers increased in Europe; in NAFTA sales were slightly
lower in a highly competitive market.
Commentary on regional performance
Full Year Growth
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Actual Proforma(1)
2001 2000
Regional US$ million US$ million Actual % CER(1) %
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Europe, Africa and Middle East 393 387 2 11
NAFTA 404 429 - 6 - 6
Latin America 88 85 4 5
Asia Pacific 53 57 - 7 3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 938 958 - 2 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales growth in Europe, Africa and the Middle East was driven by success
in vegetables, corn and oilseeds.
In NAFTA, reduced acreages in corn and sugar beet and difficult market
conditions in vegetables and flowers all contributed to the sales decline.
In Latin America, principally Brazil, growth was achieved across the
product range.
Strong growth in vegetables sales in Thailand and Australia resulted in
increased sales in Asia Pacific at constant exchange rates(1).
---------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
39
Operating Income
Unless stated otherwise, the following discussion is based on operating
income excluding Special items.
To improve transparency, items classified at merger as corporate have been
reallocated to the three reporting segments, with the exception of merger costs
which are classed as unallocated.
Operating income excluding Special items
Full Year Growth
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000
(US$ million, except growth %) 2001 statutory Actual % CER(1) %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Protection 738 666 11 18
Seeds 71 3 2,267 2,700
Plant Science (167) (125) - 34 - 34
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 642 544 18 26
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Protection Operating Income
Statutory
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding Special
Total Special items items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000 2000
(US$ million, except growth %) 2001 statutory 2001 statutory 2001 statutory % growth
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 5,385 3,918 - - 5,385 3,918 37
Cost of goods sold (2,740) (1,946) - - (2,740) (1,946) - 41
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 2,645 1,972 - - 2,645 1,972 34
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 49% 50% 49% 50%
Marketing and distribution (948) (754) - - (948) (754) - 26
Research and development (458) (312) - - (458) (312) - 47
General and administrative (501) (240) - - (501) (240) - 109
Merger and restructuring costs, net
of divestment gains (265) 524 (265) 524 - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 473 1,190 (265) 524 738 666 11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 9% 30% 14% 17%
As a percentage of sales, gross profit of 49% in 2001 decreased by just
over 1% from 2000. Operating income increased by 11% in 2001 to US$738 million.
In addition to the effect of the acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business,
improvements in the product mix and the phasing-out of older and third party
products were offset by an aggregate price decline.
Special items are material items that management regards as requiring
separate disclosure to provide a more thorough understanding of ongoing
business performance, and in 2001 and 2000 were merger and restructuring costs
associated with synergy programs, net of mandated product divestment gains.
Special items in 2001 were a net cost of US$265 million. Special items in 2000
were a net gain of US$524 million due to significant gains on mandated
divestments. The restructuring program and related costs are discussed in more
detail later in this section.
Marketing and distribution expenses increased in 2001 by 26% to US$948
million as 2001 included a full 12 months of Zeneca agrochemicals business.
Marketing and distribution expenses as a percentage of sales decreased slightly
to 18% as cost savings resulting from the merger were realized.
Research and development expenses increased by 47% in 2001 to US$458
million. As a percentage of sales, Research and development remained flat at
8%. 2001 charges included 12 months of the ex-Zeneca research sites while 2000
included only 2 months.
General and administrative expenses increased by 109% in 2001 to US$501
million, principally due to the inclusion of twelve months of Zeneca
agrochemicals business in 2001 and the associated amortization of goodwill
arising on the acquisition. As a percentage of sales, General and
administrative expenses increased to 9%. General and administrative expenses
were affected by a number of one-off sundry other income and expense items,
including additional provisions against trade receivables in Argentina.
--------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
40
Proforma
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding Special
Total Special items items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000 2000 % growth
(US$ million, except growth %) 2001 proforma(1) 2001 proforma(1) 2001 proforma(1) CER(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 5,385 5,888 - - 5,385 5,888 - 5
Cost of goods sold (2,740) (3,014) - - (2,740) (3,014) 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 2,645 2,874 - - 2,645 2,874 - 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 49% 49% 49% 49%
Functional expenses(1) (1,907) (2,008) - - (1,907) (2,008) 3
Merger and restructuring costs, net
of divestment gains (265) 591 (265) 591 - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 473 1,457 (265) 591 738 866 - 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 9% 25% 14% 15%
In comparison with the 2000 proforma results, gross profit decreased by
5%, reflecting the difficult weather conditions in Europe and the United States
and the self-imposed sales constraints in Latin America. Gross profit increased
slightly as a percentage of sales due to improvements in the product mix and
synergy savings, which were sufficient to offset an aggregate price decline.
Functional expenses decreased by 3%, reflecting savings due to the merging
of duplicate functions in many countries.
Operating income was reduced by 9% because of the adverse pressures on
sales and prices mentioned above, but due to cost saving measures declined by
only 1% as a percentage of sales.
Seeds Operating Income
Statutory
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding Special
Total Special items items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000 2000
(US$ million, except growth %) 2001 statutory 2001 statutory 2001 statutory % growth
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 938 958 - - 938 958 - 2
Cost of goods sold (459) (496) - - (459) (496) 7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 479 462 - - 479 462 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 51% 48% - - 51% 48%
Marketing and distribution (230) (235) - - (230) (235) 2
Research and development (112) (103) - - (112) (103) - 9
General and administrative (66) (121) - - (66) (121) 45
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains (9) - (9) - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 62 3 (9) - 71 3 2,267
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 7% - 8% -
Operating income increased by 2,267% in 2001 to US$71 million and overall
gross profit increased by 4%, from US$462 million in 2000 to US$479 million in
2001. The increases were due to strong growth in the high-margin Vegetables
business and the realization of the benefits of rationalization of non-priority
crops undertaken in 2000.
Marketing and distribution expenses decreased by 2% to US$230 million.
The overall increase in Research and development expenses to US$112
million was 9% for the year. However, as a percentage of sales, Research and
development costs were flat at about 12%.
General and administrative expenses decreased by 45% to US$66 million in
2001 mainly because of sustained cost reduction resulting from the 2000 crop
rationalization restructuring initiatives mentioned above.
-------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
41
Proforma
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding Special
Total Special items items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000 2000 % growth
(US$ million, except growth %) 2001 proforma(1) 2001 proforma(1) 2001 proforma CER(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 938 958 - - 938 958 2
Cost of goods sold (459) (496) - - (459) (496) 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 479 462 - - 479 462 10
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 51% 48% - - 51% 48%
Functional expenses (1) (408) (459) - - (408) (459) 8
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains (9) - (9) - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 62 3 (9) - 71 3 2,700
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales 7% - 8% -
In comparison with 2000 proforma results, gross profit increased by 10%,
and by 3% as a percentage of sales. Strong growth in high-margin vegetables was
the main contributor to the increased profitability.
Successful cost reductions resulted in a decrease in functional expenses
of 8% that, together with the increase in the profit margin noted above, were
the main drivers of the large increase in the 2001 operating income.
Plant Science Operating Income
Statutory
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding Special
Total Special items items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000 2000
(US$ million, except growth %) 2001 statutory 2001 statutory 2001 statutory % growth
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales - - - - - - -
Cost of goods sold - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales - - - -
Marketing and distribution - - - - - - -
Research and development (153) (122) - - (153) (122) - 25
General and administrative (14) (3) - - (14) (3) - 367
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income (167) (125) - - (167) (125) - 34
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales - - - -
Operating losses increased by 34% to US$167 million in 2001. This is
mainly because 2001 includes a full year's charges for Zeneca research and
technology sites as opposed to two months of charges in 2000, which is also the
reason for the difference between the statutory and proforma for Plant Science.
Proforma
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding Special
Total Special items items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000 2000 % growth
(US$ million, except growth %) 2001 proforma(1) 2001 proforma(1) 2001 proforma(1) CER(1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales - - - - - - -
Functional expenses (1) (167) (176) - - (167) (176) 3
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains - - - - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income (167) (176) - - (167) (176) 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
as a percentage of sales - - - -
In comparison with 2000 statutory results, investment in Plant Science
remained steady. 2001 versus 2000 proforma spending on research and technology
was relatively unchanged.
------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
42
Merger and Restructuring Programs
Following the formation of Syngenta on November 13, 2000 Syngenta embarked
upon a plan to integrate and restructure the combined businesses in order to
achieve synergies. Taken together, Syngenta expects that these restructuring
actions will result in annual cost savings of US$625 million per annum by the
end of 2005. Synergy plans were increased in 2002 from the previously projected
cost savings of US$525 million and the forecasted one-time restructuring cash
cost of US$900 million was increased to US$1,000 million. For 2001, the cost
savings totaled US$165 million.
Cost of goods sold realized savings of US$50 million due to the
restructuring of global manufacturing and supply. About half of the planned
closures of manufacturing sites and technology centers were initiated by the
end of 2001 and activities at remaining sites are being realigned for cost base
optimization.
Selling, general and administration expenses realized savings of US$95
million as the integration of sales forces and administrative functions were
quickly effected following the merger.
Research and development expenses realized savings of US$20 million due
mainly to the closure of the Western Research Center in California. Cost
reduction in Research and development reflects the continuing intersite
rationalization and focusing of research activity.
In 2001, restructuring charges comprised US$269 million of integration and
synergy costs, US$86 million of asset impairments and US$3 million of merger
costs. Gains of US$6 million were realized on the release of provisions
previously charged to income and US$75 million were realized on the disposal of
products divested in response to competition authorities' requirements. The net
charge was US$277 million.
The following commentary is only on a statutory basis.
Financial Expense, Net
Financial expense, net increased by US$164 million in 2001 as compared to
2000, an increase of 193%, mainly due to the effect of debt arising on the
acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business and the carve-out of Novartis
agribusiness from Novartis AG.
US$99 million of the increase is the swing to currency losses of US$54
million in 2001 from gains of US$45 million in 2000, caused mainly by the
revaluation of foreign currency balances within the Syngenta Group.
Interest expense increased by US$100 million largely due to debt incurred
on the formation of Syngenta and the increased cost of borrowing in Latin
America. In Brazil, increased interest expense was partially offset by an
increase in interest income of US$26 million, much of which is interest
implicit in sales prices to customers with extended credit terms.
Taxes
The tax rate on normal trading operations was 42%(1) in 2001, decreased
from an estimated 48%(1) in 2000. Of this 42%, 9% is due to the non-deductible
goodwill amortization associated with the acquisition accounting for Zeneca
agrochemicals business. The credit received on restructuring costs was at a
rate of 32% with the result of an overall tax rate of 68% in 2001, increased
from 37% in 2000. The 37% tax charge in 2000 benefited from the effect of
tax-efficient mandated product divestments.
Net Income
Net income as a percentage of total sales was 0.5% in 2001 compared to
11.6% in 2000. This decrease is primarily due to the impact of non-recurring
gains in 2000 from product divestments mandated by the competition authorities
prior to the acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business and the poor trading
environment in 2001.
Other Supplementary Income Data
Statutory
EBITDA(1) decreased 29% from US$1,312 million in 2000 to US$936 million in
2001. EBITDA as a percentage of sales decreased from 27% in 2000 to 15% in
2001, substantially as a result of special gains related to mandated
divestments experienced in 2000. EBITDA excluding Special items increased to
US$1,127 million in 2001 from US$856 million in 2000. As a percentage of sales,
EBITDA excluding Special items increased to 17.8% in 2001.
----------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
43
Proforma
EBITDA(1) excluding Special items decreased 6% from US$1,195 million in
2000 to US$1,127 million in 2001, although there was no change in constant
currency terms(1). As a percentage of sales, EBITDA excluding Special items
increased to 17.8% in 2001.
OTHER INFORMATION
Foreign operations and foreign currency transactions
Syngenta's subsidiaries use their local currency as their functional
currency for accounting purposes except where the use of a different currency
more fairly reflects their actual circumstances.
The Argentine peso is the functional currency of Syngenta's subsidiaries
in Argentina. In February 2002, the government in Argentina announced several
reforms intended to stabilize the economic environment. These included
redenominating all outstanding receivables denominated in U.S. dollars into
Argentine pesos. This affected Syngenta's currency exposure profile. In
response to this, Syngenta applied additional credit restrictions and altered
local financing arrangements to reduce further its exposure to peso currency
risk. Future exchange rates for the peso and future government actions remain
uncertain and Syngenta is not able to estimate their effects.
The Brazilian real is the functional currency of Syngenta's subsidiaries
in Brazil. During 2002 and 2001, the Brazilian real devalued significantly
against the U.S. dollar. To reduce its exposure to risks associated with the
devaluation, Syngenta has altered local financing arrangements, applied credit
restrictions to customers and has fully hedged its balance sheet exposure using
currency derivatives. Sales to customers in Brazil must be invoiced in
Brazilian real to meet legal requirements. The extent to which sales prices in
Brazilian real can be increased to offset the effect of any further devaluation
remains uncertain. Syngenta is not able to estimate the effect of any further
devaluation of the Brazilian real on operating income in future periods.
Liquidity and capital resources
Syngenta's principal sources of liquidity consist of cash generated from
operations and third-party debt available through unsecured non-current bonds,
commercial paper and credit facilities. Syngenta reported cash and cash
equivalents on December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 of US$232 million, US$288
million and US$756 million respectively. At December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000,
Syngenta had current financial debts of US$1,207 million, US$1,420 million and
US$3,085 million respectively, and non-current financial debts of US$925
million, US$1,116 million, and US$100 million respectively. As a result of the
cash flow generated by operating activities Syngenta's debt to debt plus equity
gearing ratio(1) (which takes into account debt-related derivative net assets
of US$229 million (2001: US$29 million)) has declined to 28% at the end of 2002
(end of 2001: 35%).
Capital Markets and Credit Facilities
Funds for Syngenta's working capital needs were available during the year
from a committed, revolving, multi-currency, syndicated credit facility of
US$2,500 million (the "Credit Facility") that matures in 2005. As of December
31, 2002 Syngenta had utilized US$48 million under the Credit Facility, leaving
US$2,452 million available for future requirements. The company's policy is to
maintain flexibility in its funding by accessing the capital markets and by
maintaining a committed bank facility, local bank facilities and a commercial
paper program. The cost of borrowing from these facilities is related to the
cost of borrowing on the London and European inter-bank markets, and Syngenta's
credit rating.
On July 10, 2001, Syngenta issued (euro)800 million 5-year Eurobonds with
a coupon rate of 5.5% and (euro)350 million 2-year Floating Rate Notes in
replacement of banking facilities.
On December 15, 2000, Syngenta entered into a US$2,500 million Global
Commercial Paper program. Syngenta began issuing Euro commercial paper in March
2001. As of December 31, 2002 US$221 million of Commercial Paper is in issue.
Management is of the opinion that the funding available to it from these
sources will be sufficient to satisfy its working capital, capital expenditure
and debt service requirements for the foreseeable future, including cash
expenditure relating to restructuring programs. Current and non-current
financial debts contain only general and financial default covenants, with
which Syngenta is in compliance.
Commitments for capital expenditure at December 31, 2002 are US$32
million. On November 5, 2002, Syngenta South Asia AG, a 100% subsidiary of the
Syngenta group, announced an offer to buy the publicly held minority interest
of Syngenta India Limited for Indian Rupees (INR) 130 per share. If all
minority shareholders accept the Syngenta offer, Syngenta will be required to
pay US$42 million. This will be financed from the credit facilities described
above. The offer closed on January 28, 2003, at which time acceptances had been
received to give Syngenta control over approximately 84% of the shares.
--------------------
(1) This measure is defined/reconciled to GAAP measures in Appendix A of this
section.
44
Financial Results
The following table sets out certain information about the cash flow for each
of the periods indicated:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year ended December 31,
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flow from operating activities 802 548 610
Cash flow from/(used for) investing activities (260) (122) 1,045
Cash flow from/(used for) financing activities (607) (868) (968)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash Flow from Operating Activities
2002 compared to 2001
In 2002, cash flow from operating activities totaled US$802 million, an
increase of US$254 million compared to 2001. This increase reflects improved
working capital ratios and is after US$135 million of voluntary additional
pension contributions, which were made to improve the funded status of defined
benefit pension funds which have been adversely affected by falls in equity
prices. Syngenta aims to continue to reduce working capital levels in the
future, but does not expect a similar rate of improvement in working capital
ratios in 2003 as achieved in 2002.
2001 compared to 2000
In 2001, cash flow from operating activities totaled US$548 million, a
decrease of US$62 million compared to 2000. This decrease reflects significant
cash payments arising from the formation of Syngenta and the resulting
restructuring, net of increased cash flows from improved operating performance
helped by lower working capital in 2001.
Cash Flow from/(used for) Investing Activities
2002 compared to 2001
In 2002, cash flow used for investing activities increased by US$138
million from 2001, totaling US$(260) million. The cash outflow is derived from
US$165 million of capital expenditures and investments of US$166 million, net
of proceeds from disposals of US$71 million.
Expenditure on new and improved property, plant and equipment decreased
from US$253 million in 2001 to US$165 million in 2002.
In 2001 an investment was made to obtain worldwide, exclusive product
rights to the insecticide, thiamethoxam, and the payment of US$120 million was
made in 2002. Other investment expenditures related mainly to software
licenses.
Business divestment proceeds in 2002 decreased to US$11 million, derived
mainly from the sale of the selective herbicide, racer, compared to divestment
proceeds of US$195 million in 2001. Other proceeds are from the sale of fixed
assets.
2001 compared to 2000
In 2001, cash flow from investing activities totaled US$(122) million, a
decrease of US$1,167 million compared to 2000. The prior year inflow results
from proceeds from divested assets of US$825 million and cash inflows of US$387
million from business acquisitions in 2000. The net cash outflow of US$122
million is primarily the result of divestment proceeds of US$195 million,
investments of US$88 million and capital expenditure of US$253 million.
Divestment proceeds of US$195 million result from sale of the herbicides
sulcotrione and propaquizafop, the fungicide flutriafol and the insecticide
thiocyclam. The divestments of sulcotrione, propaquizafop and flutriafol were
required in order to obtain regulatory authorities' approval of the merger of
Novartis agribusiness with Zeneca agrochemicals business. The thiocyclam
divestment resulted from product range rationalization.
Investments relate principally to additional investments in Sakata seeds,
the acquisition of the remaining shareholding in CC Benoist SA (previously held
as an associate) and the buyout of the minority shareholdings in Syngenta Crop
Protection Sdn.Bhd, Malaysia, Syngenta Crop Protection Ltd, Thailand and Tomono
Agrica KK, Japan.
Investment in Property, Plant and Equipment
Syngenta continues to make investments in the form of new and improved
property, plant and equipment. Capital expenditures for the years ended
December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 were US$165 million, US$253 million and US$185
million, respectively.
45
Cash Flow from/(used for) Financing Activities
2002 compared to 2001
In 2002, cash flow used for financing activities included dividends paid
of US$54 million and decreased by US$261 million to US$(607) million. The net
change in cash and cash equivalents was US$(56) million compared to US$(468)
million in 2001. Cash flow from operating activities was primarily used to
repay financial debt.
2001 compared to 2000
In 2001, cash flow used for financing activities decreased by US$100
million to US$(868) million. In 2000 Syngenta repaid debt and equity formerly
provided to Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals business, by
Novartis AG and AstraZeneca Plc respectively. In addition Syngenta repurchased
approximately 9.99% of its outstanding common stock immediately following the
listing of Syngenta shares at a total cost of US$524 million.
In 2001, Syngenta issued (euro)800 million 5-year Eurobonds with a coupon
rate of 5.5% and (euro)350 million 2-year floating rate notes in replacement of
current financial debt.
The US$868 million repayment of financial debt comprised a reduction of
current debt of US$609 million, repayment of trade receivables factored with
recourse of US$137 million, and payment of US$140 million to Novartis AG
resulting from the purchase of assets from Novartis Agricultural Discovery,
Inc., which were partly offset by financing inflows of US$18 million.
Research and development
Syngenta has major research centers in Basel and Stein, Switzerland;
Jealotts Hill, England; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., North Carolina,
United States.
There are two principal elements to Syngenta research. The first is to
develop new products and technologies. The second is to support existing
products: extending their uses, improving their performance and monitoring
their long-term environmental profile and safety.
To enable the development of safe and effective solutions which enhance
sustainable farming systems, Syngenta organizes its R&D activities around five
core technology programs: Genomics; Discovery; Crop Protection Research; Crop
Genetics Research; and Health Assessment and Environmental Safety. These are
closely integrated to increase the overall capacity, to discover new active
ingredients and provide practical routes to novel crop varieties.
Syngenta development scientists work to establish the biological potential
of lead research compounds, obtain product registrations and bring plant
varieties to the market that meet the needs of farmers, as well as their
customers in the food supply chain.
Development involves extensive field tests as part of the health and
environmental safety evaluation to ensure that products meet rigorous standards
around the world. Development activities also include the improvement of
production processes for new active ingredients and formulations.
In Seeds, new varieties and hybrids are developed using a number of
advanced breeding methods, including marker-assisted breeding, together with
conventional skills that improve the success rate of breeding programs.
As part of the synergy program, and in order to meet commercial targets
and to create a sustainable and dynamic R&D foundation for the future, this
year has seen a program of streamlining and restructuring across the various
R&D sites. Strategic "centers of excellence" have been developed, giving each
site a unique role and defined scientific expertise and resource.
Implementation of this simplified structure now gives an increased focus on
research output.
Activities are now focused in key sites in Switzerland, the United Kingdom
and the United States:
- Basel and Stein (Switzerland): Crop protection research
- Jealott's Hill and Central Toxicology Laboratory (U.K.): Discovery and
bio-performance research; regulatory studies and toxicology
- Syngenta Biotechnology Inc. (U.S.): Crop genetics research and genomics
The total spent on Research and development was US$697 million in 2002,
US$723 million in 2001 and US$537 million in 2000. Syngenta's investment in
genomics underpins all of the product outputs and the increasing emphasis on
integrated crop solutions is leading to converging research goals and programs
across seeds, chemicals and traits. Attribution of Research and development
costs for 2002 was US$425 million for Crop Protection, US$119 million for Seeds
and US$153 million for Plant Science, including crop traits introduced through
biotechnology.
In addition to Syngenta's own Research and development efforts, Syngenta
has also entered into a number of alliances and Research and development
agreements.
46
There are no off-balance sheet financing transactions associated with
Research and development activity.
Off-balance sheet arrangements, contractual obligations, commitments and
contingent liabilities
At December 31, 2002, Syngenta had the following contractual obligations
to make future payments in the following periods:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Payments due by period
Notes to
the
financial
statements Less than More than
(US$ million) reference Total 1 year 1 - 3 years 3 - 5 years 5 years
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial debt 20 2,132 1,207 57 858 10
Interest on financial debt 93 31 50 12 -
Operating lease payments 29 42 13 20 5 4
Unconditional purchase obligations 29 442 133 160 111 38
Long-term research agreements 29 31 11 16 4 -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2,740 1,395 303 990 52
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A significant portion of financial debt bears interest at a variable rate.
The interest payments on this debt have not been included in the above table as
they are variable rate and are therefore not capable of being described
accurately as commitments.
The supply agreements for materials which give rise to the unconditional
purchase obligations are entered into by Syngenta to ensure availability of
materials which meet the specifications required by Syngenta. Where suppliers
have made significant capital investment, these agreements generally provide
for Syngenta to pay penalties in the event that it were to terminate the
agreements before their expiry date.
U.S. GAAP
Syngenta's financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which differ in certain
significant respects from U.S. GAAP. Note 33 of the consolidated financial
statements describes in detail the amount and nature of these differences.
For the year ended December 31, 2002, the net loss under IFRS was US$27
million, compared to a net loss of US$165 million under U.S. GAAP.
For the year ended December 31, 2002, goodwill continued to be amortized
under IFRS, but for U.S. GAAP Syngenta adopted the impairment-only goodwill
accounting method required by SFAS 142. Goodwill amortization of US$53 million
charged under IFRS was therefore added back in calculating U.S. GAAP net
income. U.S. GAAP net income was, however, reduced compared to IFRS net income
by the amortization and impairment of intangible assets recognized for Crop
Protection product rights on acquisition of Ciba-Geigy in December 1996. As
mentioned below, this business combination was accounted for as a uniting of
interests under IFRS. Therefore, no intangible assets were recognized for IFRS
when the business combination occurred, and consequently no amortization or
impairment has been charged to IFRS net income in 2002 in respect of these
assets. An impairment charge of US$83 million was recorded in respect of these
product rights under U.S. GAAP as the result of rationalization of the Crop
Protection product portfolio, which, following the creation of Syngenta,
includes the former Zeneca product range.
The process and method of testing goodwill for impairment under IFRS and
U.S. GAAP are different. Under IAS 36, goodwill must be allocated for
impairment testing purposes to the lowest level of asset group for which
identifiable cash flows exist. Under U.S. GAAP, SFAS 142 requires goodwill to
be tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. A reporting unit
represents an operating segment or component thereof, but economically similar
components must be aggregated. Syngenta has carried out the impairment test at
the total Crop Protection and Seeds level. As the fair value of the Seeds
segment as a whole exceeds the carrying amount of its net assets, no impairment
to goodwill arises under SFAS 142. Therefore, impairment of US$23 million
charged to IFRS net income, in respect of goodwill allocated to Seeds
operations, has been added back in determining U.S. GAAP net income.
The criteria for recording impairment losses on available-for-sale
financial assets are also different in IFRS and U.S. GAAP. Syngenta has equity
shareholdings in certain publicly quoted companies which are shown at market
value within non-current financial assets in the balance sheet, and classified
as available-for-sale under IAS 39 and SFAS 115. Syngenta reports changes in
fair value of available-for-sale financial assets in shareholders' equity.
Under IAS 39, where an entity has chosen to report changes in fair value of
available-for-sale financial assets in shareholders' equity, it continues to do
so even if the market value of an asset falls below cost, unless impairment is
objectively evidenced by events such as default, bankruptcy or significant
financial difficulty of the investee occurring or becoming probable. These
events have not occurred or become probable in respect of any
available-for-sale assets held by Syngenta. Syngenta has no intention to
dispose of these assets at the present time and accordingly, no impairment has
been recorded for IFRS. However, under SFAS 115 as interpreted by SAB 59,
impairment is recorded when there is a decline which is other than temporary in
the value of an available-for-sale security with a readily determinable fair
value, unless there is objective evidence that the asset can be realized in the
near term at a value in excess of its current market price. The market value of
certain of these shareholdings has declined below their original cost in line
with general stock market trends. Therefore, Syngenta has recorded an
impairment of US$53 million in 2002 U.S. GAAP net income in relation to these
assets.
47
For the year ended December 31, 2001, net income under IFRS was US$34
million, compared to a net loss of US$(247) million under U.S. GAAP. The main
reasons for the difference were differences in the application and incidence of
purchase accounting between IFRS and U.S. GAAP, which caused differences to
arise on both the purchase accounting for Zeneca agrochemicals business and on
other acquisitions.
For the year ended December 31, 2001, the net difference in pre-tax income
arising between the IFRS and U.S. GAAP treatments of the purchase accounting
for Zeneca agrochemicals business was US$(288) million. The main items causing
the difference include the accounting treatment of the assembled workforce,
in-process Research and development, restructuring charges and the adjustment
of fair values. The purchase price for Zeneca agrochemicals business was
allocated at December 31, 2000 on a preliminary basis, and the allocation was
finalized during 2001, as explained in detail in Note 33 of the consolidated
financial statements. Under IAS 22, information arising in the post-acquisition
allocation period which gives additional evidence as to the fair value of
assets and liabilities at the acquisition date is required to be used for the
purposes of adjusting fair values at the acquisition date. However, under U.S.
GAAP, additional conditions must be fulfilled in order for such information to
result in an adjustment to the purchase price allocation. If these conditions
are not met, the changes must be recognized in the income statement.
The most significant of the purchase accounting differences arising in
2001 on the acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business was the adjustment to
the carrying values of certain intangible assets and property, plant and
equipment, which gave rise to an adjustment to fair values required under IAS
22, but to an impairment loss of US$(282) million for U.S. GAAP under SFAS 121.
For the year ended December 31, 2001, the net difference in pre-tax income
arising between the IFRS and U.S. GAAP treatments of the purchase accounting
for other acquisitions was US$(141) million. This difference mainly arises
because the accounting treatment for the 1996 merger of Sandoz and Ciba-Geigy
under IFRS is different from the accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP. For IFRS
purposes, the merger was accounted for as a uniting of interests; however, for
U.S. GAAP the merger does not meet all of the required conditions of Accounting
Principles Board Opinion No. 16 for a pooling in interests and therefore is
accounted for as a purchase. In 2001 Syngenta has reviewed the recoverability
of intangible assets related to marketed products assumed in the Ciba-Geigy
business combination reported within the Crop Protection segment, as part of
the product range rationalization process following the acquisition of Zeneca
agrochemicals business. The most significant items within the US$(141) million
include (i) the U.S. GAAP amortization of the fair values arising under from
the Ciba-Geigy purchase accounting, (ii) an impairment loss of US$16 million,
which has been recognized in the current year pursuant to SFAS 121 in U.S. GAAP
net income in respect of a certain product, and (iii) a divestment gain
recognized under IFRS has been reduced under U.S. GAAP, by US$21 million, to
adjust the U.S. GAAP carrying value previously attributed to a divested
product.
The incremental difference in deferred tax expense of US$136 million under
U.S. GAAP is primarily related to the income tax benefit arising on the
purchase accounting adjustments mentioned above.
The increased adjustment between IFRS and U.S. GAAP in fiscal year 2000
primarily related to purchase accounting for Zeneca agrochemicals business. In
addition to this purchase accounting difference of US$271 million, differences
relating to deferred taxes and stock-based compensation increased by US$36
million and US$12 million, respectively.
The income statement effect of purchase accounting for Zeneca
agrochemicals business under U.S. GAAP resulted primarily from the treatment of
in-process Research and development. Under IFRS, in-process research and
development costs are not identified as an acquired asset in connection with
the allocation of the purchase price. Therefore, these amounts are included in
goodwill, which is amortized over its expected useful life. U.S. GAAP requires
the separate identification of in-process research and development as a
component of the purchase price allocation. In accordance with U.S. GAAP,
Syngenta has expensed in-process Research and development in connection with
the acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business totaling US$365 million in
2000. This incremental expense is net of restructuring costs of US$93 million
that were included as fair value adjustments in the purchase price allocation
for Zeneca agrochemicals business under U.S. GAAP, but were charged to expense
under IFRS.
The incremental difference in deferred tax expense under U.S. GAAP
primarily relates to the income tax benefit on the restructuring costs
discussed above. As with the restructuring costs, the income tax benefit is
included in the determination of net income under IFRS, but is included as a
fair value adjustment under U.S. GAAP. Increased expense under U.S. GAAP for
stock-based compensation plans of US$12 million resulted from the adjustment of
stock option strike prices intended to preserve the economic value of those
options relative to that value prior to the spin-off.
Critical accounting policies
Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements describes Syngenta's
accounting policies in detail. The application of many of these policies
necessarily requires judgment to best reflect the commercial substance of
underlying transactions. Syngenta has determined that four of its accounting
policies can be considered "critical", in that significant management judgment
is required to determine various assumptions underpinning their application in
the consolidated financial statements, which, under different conditions, could
lead to material difference in these statements. A description of each of these
four policies follows:
Adjustments for doubtful receivables
Trade and other accounts receivable are reported net of adjustments for
doubtful receivables, often referred to as "bad debts". Syngenta is a
geographically diverse group, serving a customer base in all significant
agricultural areas across the world, and with subsidiary companies in 50
countries. Credit terms offered to customers often reflect the crop cycle,
particularly where local bank financing may be scarce, and full payment from
customers can be dependent upon a good harvest yield. The level of inventory in
the distribution channel can also affect collection. Syngenta is therefore
exposed to a broad range of political and economic risks
48
which can affect prompt and full recoverability of trade receivables.
Considerable management effort is consequently spent in actively managing and
mitigating these risks.
Syngenta determines the level of doubtful receivables to be provided for
by critically analyzing the receivables accounts on an individual basis, taking
into account historical levels of recovery and any changes in the economic and
political environment in relevant countries.
Environmental provisions
Syngenta makes provisions for environmental liabilities by assessing the
likely non-recurring remediation costs where there is an obligation to clean up
contamination. For a provision to be recorded, it must be probable that an
expense or remediation work will be required and the costs can be estimated
within a reasonable range of possible outcomes. The costs are based on
currently available facts, technology expected to be available at the time of
the clean up, laws and regulations presently or virtually certain to be enacted
and prior year experience in remediation of contaminated sites.
When an obligation is first identified to clean up one of Syngenta's
manufacturing sites, the costs are typically spread over an extended period
into the future. The assumptions that Syngenta uses in relation to the extent
of the clean up required and the method used to clean up the identified
contamination may change significantly during the clean-up period. The
environmental provisions can therefore change significantly, particularly where
there is a major change in environmental legislation in a country where
Syngenta has significant manufacturing assets. Currently Syngenta's most
significant manufacturing assets are located in Switzerland, the United Kingdom
and the United States. As a consequence of the inherent uncertainties in
estimating future obligations, Syngenta will, as appropriate, supplement
internal expertise with external expertise to help determine what provisions
should be recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
Impairment
Syngenta carries out reviews of tangible and intangible assets on an
annual basis to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate
that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. If any such
indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated as either
the higher of net selling price or value in use; the resultant loss (the
difference between the carrying value and recoverable amount) is recorded as a
charge in the consolidated income statement. The value in use is estimated as
the present value of future cash flows expected to result from the use of
assets and their eventual disposal proceeds. In order to calculate the present
value of estimated future cash flows Syngenta uses a discount rate based on our
estimated weighted average cost of capital, together with any risk premium
determined appropriate.
(i) Intangible assets: Product rights
In determining the value in use of product rights it is necessary to make
a series of assumptions to estimate future cash flows. The main assumptions
include future sales prices and volumes, the future development expenditure
required to maintain the product's marketability and registration in the
relevant jurisdictions and the product's life. These assumptions are reviewed
annually as part of management's budgeting and strategic planning cycles. The
assumptions can be subject to significant adjustment from such factors as
changes in crop growing patterns in major markets (perhaps as a result of
movements in crop prices), changes in the product registration, or as a result
of pressure from competitor products.
(ii) Tangible assets: Property, plant and equipment
The value in use of Syngenta's property, plant and equipment is determined
by linking assets or a group of assets to identifiable cash flows, which are
then reviewed in a manner similar to that described above for product rights.
Major assumptions include sales prices and volumes of products manufactured by
the identified property, plant and equipment, and its useful life.
Defined benefit pensions
The assumptions used to measure the expense and liabilities related to
Syngenta's defined benefit pension plans are reviewed annually by
professionally qualified, independent actuaries and by Syngenta management. The
measurement of the expense for a period requires judgment with respect to the
following matters, among others:
- the probable long-term rate of increase in pensionable pay;
- the probable average future service lives of employees;
- the probable life expectancy of employees;
- the extent to which the mix of investments in funded pension plans in the
period will resemble or will differ from existing arrangements when
investment policy is under review, and the timing of any changes;
- the expected future rate of return on the investments in funded pension
plans, and how that rate will compare with the market rates of return
which were observed in past economic cycles.
The assumptions used by Syngenta may differ materially from actual
results, and these differences may result in a significant impact on the amount
of pension expense recorded in future periods.
49
Effect of new accounting pronouncements
The effect of new accounting pronouncements is described in Note 34 to the
consolidated financial statements.
Introduction of the euro
On January 1, 1999, the euro was introduced in 11 member states of the EU
participating in the European Monetary Union ("EMU") as a common legal currency
alongside the national currencies (each, a "legacy currency") of the
participating countries. On January 1, 2002, euro-denominated bills and coins
were successfully introduced in the participating countries, and the legacy
currencies have ceased to be legal tender. Syngenta did not experience any
operational or technological difficulties with regard to the introduction of
the euro. Switzerland is not a member of the EU or a participant in the EMU.
The foreign currency exposures from transactions in Swiss francs, British
pounds sterling or other currencies outside the EMU have not been affected by
the introduction of the euro and will depend on actual exposure at the time of
risk assessment.
Recent developments
Note 35 to the consolidated financial statements provides details of
events which have occurred between the balance sheet date and the date on which
these consolidated financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors
(February 19, 2003) that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the
consolidated financial statements. The transaction with Diversa referred to in
Note 35 was completed on February 21, 2003.
Future prospects
Syngenta expects that the defined benefit pension expense it will record
in 2003, excluding the effects of any further restructuring initiatives which
may be announced, will be higher than the 2002 charge, excluding restructuring
costs. This is due to the effect of the performance of financial markets in
2002 on the discount rate, plan asset values and resulting actuarial losses
which have to be taken into account in measuring 2003 defined benefit pension
expense. This, together with increased insurance costs from a hardening
insurance market, will add an estimated US$55 million to costs relative to 2002
and hold back progress in EBITDA margin in 2003.
Expenditure on the US$1,000 million integration synergy program will
continue in 2003.
50
Appendix A
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Figures to Equivalent GAAP Figures
For improved clarity, we are providing definitions of non-GAAP measures and,
where necessary, reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to the appropriate GAAP
measure.
Definitions of Non-GAAP Measures
Working capital is total current assets less total current liabilities.
Capital expenditure is additions to property, plant and equipment.
Functional expenses are the sum of Marketing and distribution, Research and
development, and General administrative expenses.
Constant Exchange Rates. We compare results from one period to another period
in this report using constant exchange rates (CER). To present that
information, current period results for entities reporting in currencies other
than U.S. dollars are converted into U.S. dollars at the prior period's
exchange rates, rather than the exchange rates for this year. See Note 30 to
the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on average exchange rates
in 2002, 2001 and 2000. For example, if a British entity reporting in pounds
sold (pound)1 million of products in 2002 and 2001, our financial statements
would report US$1.493 million of revenues in 2002 (using 0.67 as the rate,
which was the average exchange rate in 2002) and US$1.449 million in revenues
in 2001 (using 0.69 as the rate, which was the average exchange rate in 2001).
The CER presentation would translate the 2002 results using the 2001 exchange
rates and indicate that underlying revenues were flat. We present this CER
information in order to assess how our underlying business performed before
taking into account currency exchange fluctuations. We also present our actual
reported results in order to provide the most directly comparable data under
GAAP.
Reconciliation of 2000 Proforma Figures to Equivalent GAAP ("statutory") figures
Crop Protection Sales - Product Performance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zeneca
agrochemicals
Sales of business
mandated results for
Proforma divestment period prior to Statutory
(US$ million) 2000 products 2000 acquisition date 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product line
Selective herbicides 1,841 204 (577) 1,468
Non-selective herbicides 760 - (638) 122
Fungicides 1,541 95 (560) 1,076
Insecticides 1,069 14 (323) 760
Professional products 558 17 (169) 406
Others 119 - (33) 86
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5,888 330 (2,300) 3,918
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Protection Sales - Regional Performance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zeneca
agrochemicals
Sales of business
mandated results for
Proforma divestment period prior to Statutory
(US$ million) 2000 products 2000 acquisition date 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regional
Europe, Africa and Middle East 1,991 205 (828) 1,368
NAFTA 2,008 101 (850) 1,259
Latin America 850 17 (319) 548
Asia Pacific 1,039 7 (303) 743
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5,888 330 (2,300) 3,918
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seeds Sales - Product Performance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proforma Statutory
(US$ million) 2000 Adjustments 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product line
Field Crops 552 - 552
Vegetables and Flowers 406 - 406
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 958 - 958
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
51
Seeds Sales - Regional Performance
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proforma Statutory
(US$ million) 2000 Adjustments 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Regional
Europe, Africa and Middle East 387 - 387
NAFTA 429 - 429
Latin America 85 - 85
Asia Pacific 57 - 57
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 958 - 958
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crop Protection Operating Income
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zeneca Proforma
agrochemicals adjustment for
business amortization
Mandated results for of goodwill
Proforma divestments period prior to and intangible Statutory
(US$ million) 2000 2000 acquisition date assets 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 5,888 330 (2,300) - 3,918
Cost of goods sold (3,014) (154) 1,220 2 (1,946)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 2,874 176 (1,080) 2 1,972
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Functional expenses (2,008) (31) 733 - (1,306)
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains 591 (70) 3 - 524
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 1,457 75 (344) 2 1,190
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seeds Operating Income
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proforma Statutory
(US$ million) 2000 Adjustments 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 958 - 958
Cost of goods sold (496) - (496)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 462 - 462
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Functional expenses (459) - (459)
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 3 - 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plant Science Operating Income
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zeneca
agrochemicals
business
results for
Proforma period prior to Statutory
(US$ million) 2000 acquisition date 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Functional expenses (176) 51 (125)
Merger and restructuring costs,
net of divestment gains - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income (176) 51 (125)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reconciliation of EBITDA Figures to Operating Income
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000
(US$ million) 2002 2001 Statutory Proforma 1999 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 244 365 1,000 - 449 726
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures (7) (5) (1) - 5 3
Add-back depreciation, amortization and
impairment 655 576 313 - 259 238
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EBITDA 892 936 1,312 - 713 967
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 2000
(US$ million) 2002 2001 Statutory Proforma 1999 1998
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income before Special items 640 642 544 693 557 840
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures (7) (5) (1) - 5 3
Add-back depreciation, amortization and
impairment excluding Special items 521 490 313 502 259 238
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EBITDA excluding Special items 1,154 1,127 856 1,195 821 1,081
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reconciliation of Net Income Excluding Special Items to GAAP Figures
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding
(US$ million) Total Special items Special items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002
Operating income 244 (396) 640
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures (7) - (7)
Financial expense, net (188) - (188)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before taxes and minority interests 49 (396) 445
Income tax expense (70) 104 (174)
Minority interest (6) - (6)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income (27) (292) 265
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax rate 141% 26% 39%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding
(US$ million) Total Special items Special items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001
Operating income 365 (277) 642
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures (5) - (5)
Financial expense, net (249) - (249)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before taxes and minority interests 111 (277) 388
Income tax expense (76) 88 (164)
Minority interest (1) - (1)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income 34 (189) 223
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax rate 68% 32% 42%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Excluding
(US$ million) Total Special items Special items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000
Operating income 1,000 456 544
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures (1) - (1)
Financial expense, net (85) - (85)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before taxes and minority interests 914 456 458
Income tax expense (340) (112) (228)
Minority interest (10) - (10)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income 564 344 220
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax rate 37% 25% 50%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proforma
adjustments
Zeneca to
agrochemicals Remove depreciation,
Statutory results for Remove actual amortization Proforma
excluding period prior effect of purchase and excluding
Special to mandated accounting financial Special
(US$ million) items acquisition divestments adjustments expense items
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000
Operating income 544 344 (145) 53 (103) 693
Income/(loss) from associates
and joint ventures (1) 1 - - - -
Financial expense, net (85) (11) - - (147) (243)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before taxes and 458 334 (145) 53 (250) 450
minority interests
Income tax expense (228) (116) 57 (15) 86 (216)
Minority interest (10) (2) - - - (12)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income 220 216 (88) 38 (164) 222
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tax rate 50% 35% 39% 28% 34% 48%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53
Reconciliation of Net Debt to GAAP Figures
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current financial debts 1,207 1,420 3,085
Non-current financial debts 925 1,116 100
Derivatives covering exposures from financing
activities (229) (29)
Cash and cash equivalents (232) (288) (756)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net debt 1,671 2,219 2,429
Equity 4,350 4,086 4,210
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net debt plus equity 6,021 6,305 6,639
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Debt to debt plus equity gearing ratio 28% 35% 37%
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
54
ITEM 6 -- DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES
Directors
The Members of the Board of Directors are as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Age(1) Position Term
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Heinz Imhof(1)(6) 60 Chairman of the Board 2000 to 2004
Sir David Barnes(2)(6) 67 Vice Chairman of the Board 2000 to 2004
Michael Pragnell(2) 56 Chief Executive Officer 2000 to 2004
Peggy Bruzelius(3) 53 Director 2000 to 2003
Peter Doyle 64 Director 2000 to 2003
Rupert Gasser 64 Director 2002 to 2004
Pierre Landolt(4) 55 Director 2000 to 2003
Pedro Reiser(5) 67 Director 2002 to 2003
Martin Taylor(4) 50 Director 2002 to 2005
Peter Thompson 56 Director 2002 to 2005
Rolf Watter(4) 45 Director 2002 to 2005
Felix Weber(2)(6) 52 Director 2002 to 2005
-----------
(1) Chairman of the Chairman's Committee
(2) Member of the Chairman's Committee
(3) Chairman of the Audit Committee
(4) Member of the Audit Committee
(5) Chairman of the Compensation Committee
(6) Member of the Compensation Committee
Heinz Imhof
Chairman of the Board of Directors of Syngenta and of the Chairman's Committee
and member of the Compensation Committee. Previously Heinz Imhof was Head of
Novartis' Agribusiness division and a member of the Novartis Executive
Committee (1999 - 2000), Deputy Executive Head of Novartis Agribusiness and
Head of Novartis Seeds (1996 - 1998), Deputy Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer of Sandoz Corporation in New York (1993 - 1995) and additionally
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation in
East Hanover, New Jersey. Currently Heinz Imhof is a member of the Supervisory
Committee of SGCI (Schweizerische Gesellschaft fur die Chemische Industrie), in
addition to being Chairman of the Foundation Board of the Syngenta Foundation
for Sustainable Agriculture. He graduated from the Swiss Federal Institute of
Technology in Zurich with a degree in agronomy.
Sir David Barnes
Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors of Syngenta, member of the Chairman's
Committee and the Compensation Committee. Sir David is currently non-executive
Director of Prudential PLC, in addition to being a Board member and Trustee of
the British Red Cross and of Ashridge Management College. Previously he was
non-executive Deputy Chairman of AstraZeneca (1999 - 2001) and Chief Executive
Officer of Zeneca Group PLC (1993 - 1999). Sir David studied veterinary science
at Liverpool University.
Peggy Bruzelius
Director of Syngenta and Chairman of the Audit Committee. Peggy Bruzelius is
currently Chairman of Grand Hotel Holdings and Lancelot Asset Management AB. In
addition she serves as Director of AB Electrolux, Scania AB, Ratos AB, AB
Drott, Axfood AB and as a Senior Advisor to Lehman Brothers Ltd. Previously she
was Chief Executive Officer of ABB Financial Services (1991 - 1997), Executive
Vice President of SEB-bank (1997 - 1998) and a member of the Swedish Board of
Government Bank Support Authority (1991 - 1993). Peggy Bruzelius holds an MBA
from the Stockholm School of Economics.
Peter Doyle
Director of Syngenta. Peter Doyle is currently a non-executive Director of
Avidex Ltd, in addition to being Chairman of the U.K. Biotechnology &
Biological Sciences Research Council and a Trustee of the Nuffield Foundation.
Previously he served as non-executive Director of Oxagen (1999 - 2002),
non-executive Director of Oxford Molecular PLC (1997 - 2000), Director of
Zeneca Group PLC (1993 - 1999) and as a Director of ICI (1989 - 1993). Peter
Doyle holds a BSc (Hons) degree in pure science and a PhD in chemistry from
Glasgow University.
Rupert Gasser
Director of Syngenta. Rupert Gasser is currently a non-executive Director of
Lonza Group AG and a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Alcon
Laboratories Inc. Formerly he was Executive Vice President of Nestle SA (1997 -
2002), Head of Strategic Business Group I (Coffee and Beverages, Milk and Food
Services) and Head of Corporate Technical/Manufacturing worldwide (1991 -
1996), and Senior Vice President at Nestec SA (1990 - 1991). Rupert Gasser
graduated from the Technical Academy for Chemical Industry in Vienna with a
degree in Chemistry.
-------------------
(1) as per April 15, 2003
55
Pierre Landolt
Director of Syngenta. and member of the Audit Committee. Pierre Landolt is
currently Director of Novartis AG, Chairman of AxialPar, Ecocarbon LLC and
CITCO, in addition to being Executive Chairman of Moco Agropecuaria Ltda and
Vice Chairman of Parmigiani Fleurier. Pierre Landolt serves as President of the
Sandoz Family Foundation. He graduated with a Bachelor of Laws from the
University of Paris Assas.
Michael Pragnell
Chief Executive Officer, Director of Syngenta and member of the Chairman's
Committee. Previously Michael Pragnell was Director of AstraZeneca (1999 -
2000) and Director of Zeneca Group PLC (1997 - 1999). He joined Zeneca
Agrochemicals as Chief Executive Officer in 1995. Prior to 1995 he worked for
Courtaulds PLC in a number of senior positions (1975 - 1995), including
Executive Director of Courtaulds PLC (1990 - 1995), Chief Financial Officer of
Courtaulds PLC (1992 - 1994) and Chief Executive Officer of Courtaulds Coatings
(1986 - 1992). Michael Pragnell has served as Vice-President of Crop Life
International since 2001. He has a degree in modern languages from Oxford
University and an MBA from INSEAD.
Pedro Reiser
Director of Syngenta and Chairman of the Compensation Committee. Pedro Reiser
is currently Chairman of ESBATech AG. Previously he served as Director and
Advisor of Novartis Pharma K.K. Japan (1999 - 2001), as President and Chief
Executive Officer of Novartis Pharma K.K. Japan (1995 - 1999) and of Holvis AG
(1990 - 1995). Pedro Reiser studied Law at the University of Zurich and
graduated from the University of Geneva with a PhD in Political Science.
Martin Taylor
Director of Syngenta and member of the Audit Committee. Martin Taylor is
currently Chairman of WHSmith PLC and an international advisor to Goldman Sachs
International, in addition to being a Director of RTL Group SA and Antigenics
Inc. Previously he was Chief Executive Officer of Barclays PLC (1993 - 1998)
and of Courtaulds Textiles (1990 - 1993). Martin Taylor has a degree in
oriental languages from Oxford University.
Peter Thompson
Director of Syngenta. Peter Thompson is currently President and Chief Executive
Officer of PepsiCo Beverages International. Previously he was President of
PepsiCo Foods International's Europe, Middle East and Africa Division (1995 -
1996), and of Walker Snack Foods in the United Kingdom (1994 - 1995). Prior to
1995 he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Grand Metropolitan Foods
Europe (1992 - 1994). Peter Thompson has a degree in modern languages from
Oxford University and an MBA from Columbia University.
Rolf Watter
Director of Syngenta and member of the Audit Committee. Professor Watter has
been a partner in the law firm Bar & Karrer in Zurich since 1994 and serves as
a part-time Professor at the Law School of the University of Zurich. He is a
Director of Zurich Financial Services AG, Centerpulse AG, Forbo Holding AG,
Feldschlosschen Getranke Holding AG, UBS Alternative Portfolio AG and A. W
..Faber-Castell (Holding) AG, in addition to being a Board member of the Swiss
Lawyer's Association. Rolf Watter graduated from the University of Zurich with
a doctorate in law and holds an LLM degree from Georgetown University; he is
admitted to the bar of Zurich.
Felix Weber
Director of Syngenta and member of the Chairman's Committee and the
Compensation Committee. Felix Weber is currently Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer of Adecco SA. Previously he was an associate and
partner in McKinsey & Company (1984 - 1997). Felix Weber graduated from the
University of St Gallen having earned an MBA in Operations Research and Finance
and a PhD in Marketing.
The business address of all Directors is Syngenta AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215,
4058 Basel, Switzerland.
Members of the Executive Committee
The members of the executive committee of Syngenta are as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Age(2) Position
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Michael Pragnell 56 Chief Executive Officer
John Atkin 49 Chief Operating Officer Crop Protection
Jeffrey Beard 52 Chief Operating Officer Seeds
Bruce Bissell 56 Head of Global Operations
John Elias 53 Head of Human Resources
David Jones 53 Head of Business Development
David Lawrence 54 Head of Research and Technology
Christoph Mader 43 Head of Legal & Taxes
Richard Steiblin 52 Chief Financial Officer
Michael Pragnell
CEO of Syngenta. For further information see "--Directors".
------------------
(2) As per April 15, 2003.
56
John Atkin
Chief Operating Officer of Syngenta Crop Protection and a member of the
Executive Committee. Previously John Atkin was Chief Executive Officer of
Novartis Crop Protection (1999 - 2000), Chief Operating Officer of Novartis
Crop Protection (1999 - 1999), Head of Product Portfolio Management of Novartis
Crop Protection (1998) and Head of Insecticides and Patron for Asia (1997 -
1998). Prior to 1998 he was General Manager of Sandoz Agro France (1995 - 1997)
and Head of Sandoz Agro Northern Europe (1993 - 1995). John Atkin graduated
from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne with a Ph.D. and a BSc degree in
agricultural zoology.
Jeffrey Beard
Chief Operating Officer of Syngenta Seeds and a member of the Executive
Committee. Previously Jeffrey Beard was Head of the Business Area Corn for
Novartis Seeds (1999 - 2000) Prior to 1998, he held various positions with
Pioneer Hi-Bred International Inc. (1985 - 1998), among others, Director of
Central European Operations, based in Vienna, Austria (1993 - 1998). Jeffrey
Beard graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy with a B.S. in analytical
management, holds an MBA from the University of Wisconsin and received an MS
degree in agribusiness from Iowa State University.
Bruce Bissell
Head of Global Operations and a member of the Executive Committee. Previously
Bruce Bissell was Director of Supply Chain for Zeneca Agrochemicals (1997 -
2000) and Head of International Manufacturing for the pharmaceutical business
of Zeneca Group PLC (1992 - 1997). Bruce Bissell graduated from Strathclyde
University with a degree in applied chemistry.
John Elias
Head of Human Resources and, since September 2002, member of the Executive
Committee. Previously John Elias was Director of Organizational Effectiveness
of the BOC Group PLC (1994 - 2001) and General Manager for Monsanto
Manufacturing (1990 - 1993). John Elias graduated from the University of
Liverpool with a degree in psychology.
David Jones
Head of Business Development and a member of the Executive Committee. David
Jones was appointed as Business Director for Zeneca Agrochemicals in June 1997,
having been Regional Executive for Asia, Africa and Australia, based in Hong
Kong, since 1992. He has a BSc and Ph.D. in science and economics from Stirling
University in Scotland.
David Lawrence
Head of Research and Technology and a member of the Executive Committee since
September 2002. Previously he was Head of R&T Projects for Syngenta (2000 -
2002). Prior to this he had been Head of International R&D Projects in Zeneca
Agrochemicals, having previously held several individual project roles as
International R&D Project Manager for Fungal Control, Crop Enhancement and
Insect Control. David Lawrence graduated in chemistry from Keble College,
Oxford, and holds an M.A. and D.Phil in chemical pharmacology from the same
university.
Christoph Mader
Head of Legal & Taxes and a member of the Executive Committee. Previously
Christoph Mader was Head of Legal & Public Affairs of Novartis Crop Protection
(1999 - 2000) and Senior Corporate Counsel of Novartis International AG (1992 -
1998). Christoph Mader is a member of the Supervisory Committee of the Basel
Chamber of Commerce. He graduated from Basel University, Law School, and is
admitted to the Bar in Switzerland.
Richard Steiblin
Chief Financial Officer and a member of the Executive Committee. Previously
Richard Steiblin was Head of Finance and Business Development of Novartis Crop
Protection (1998 - 2000) and Head of Finance and Materials Management of
Novartis Crop Protection (1996 - 1998). He has also been a member of the
Novartis Crop Protection Executive Committee since 1996. Prior to 1996, he was
Head of Planning, Control and IT of Ciba-Geigy Crop Protection (1991 - 1996).
Richard Steiblin is a member of the Supervisory Board of Gilde Europe Food &
Agribusiness Fund and of North American Nutrition & Agribusiness Fund L.P. He
graduated from the IECS, Strasbourg University, with a degree in business
administration. Mr. Steiblin has announced that he intends to resign at the end
of May 2003.
Syngenta has announced that Domenico Scala, 37, will become its chief financial
officer after Mr. Steiblin's resignation. Mr. Scala is currently Group
Treasurer of Hoffmann-La Roche, where he previously held other financial
positions.
Compensation
Executive Compensation Principles and Structure
Syngenta's executive compensation principles are designed to attract,
retain and motivate internationally oriented, successful executives. They
provide appropriate rewards in a competitive employment market and support the
development of a high performance environment. The elements of total
compensation for members of the Executive Committee and the Senior Management
Group are base salary, annual cash incentives and equity-based long-term
incentives. Syngenta's reward philosophy is to target median base salary and
upper quartile total compensation for outstanding performance. Annual cash
incentive awards are based on company and individual performance. Long-term
incentive awards include stock options and other forms of equity.
Management Compensation
The aggregate amount of cash compensation (salaries and bonuses) in 2002
to the acting and former executive members of the board of directors and the
management board (a total of ten) amounted to CHF 11.0 million. In addition,
CHF 3.2 million was
57
set-aside for pension, retirement and other benefits. The acting and former
executive members of the board of directors and the management board also were
granted a total of 165,757 stock options at an exercise price of CHF 98.00,
based on 2001 performance. The highest individual total compensation (salary
and bonus) amounted to CHF 2.6 million and 41,096 stock options. In addition,
CHF 1.9 million was set-aside for pension, retirement and other benefits.
Compensation of Non Executive Directors
Non-executive members of the board could elect compensation in stock
options or cash payment with a minimum level of compensation in stock options.
In 2002 the eleven acting and former non-executive directors of Syngenta AG
received an aggregate amount of cash compensation of CHF 0.79 million and a
total number of 26'236 stock options at an exercise price of CHF 98.00.
Syngenta Executive Stock Option Plan
In 2000, the Syngenta Executive Stock Option Plan was introduced to
provide selected members of the Board of Directors, executives and key
employees of Syngenta with an opportunity to obtain the right to purchase
shares of Syngenta (American Depositary Shares for U.S. participants).
Currently there are approximately 530 participants. The grant of stock options
for Syngenta shares is at the discretion of the Compensation Committee, whose
members are appointed by the Board of Directors of Syngenta. In 2002 a total
number of 1,043,999 stock options were granted at an exercise price of CHF
98.00, a three-year blocking period and an exercise period of 10 years (11
years for certain Swiss participants). The total number of stock options
including the equivalent options for American Depositary Shares outstanding at
December 31, 2002 is as follows:
Total number of
End of the outstanding options
Grant Date Exercise price Blocked until exercise period 12/31/02
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12/04/00 CHF 76.50 12/04/03 12/04/10 455,500
03/27/01 CHF 83.70 03/27/04 03/27/11 376,600
03/11/02 CHF 98.00 03/11/05 03/11/12* 1,002,812
* 03/11/13 for certain Swiss participants.
The exercise price is equal to the weighted average share price on the
Swiss stock exchange (SWX) for the five business days preceding the grant date,
as determined by the Compensation Committee. All options were granted at an
exercise price greater than the market price of the Syngenta shares at the
grant date.
Syngenta Deferred Share Plan
In 2002, the Syngenta Deferred Share Plan was introduced to provide
selected senior executives with an opportunity to obtain shares of Syngenta.
The plan entitles participants to defer part of their annual short-term
incentive awards in favor of Syngenta shares and to receive matching shares
according to the rules of the plan. The value of a Deferred Share at the time
of the grant corresponds to the Syngenta share price at the time of the grant.
Shares are deferred for a period of three years starting on the grant date. At
the end of the deferral period, Syngenta matches the deferred shares on a
one-for-one basis. For the incentive year 2002 participants may voluntarily
defer a part of their 2002 short-term incentive. Approximately 130 senior
executives are invited to participate. For the incentive year 2003 the Syngenta
Deferred Share Plan will become fully effective and a mandatory part of the
2003 short-term incentive will be allocated as Deferred Shares. Additional
voluntary deferrals within the limits of the plan can be made at the discretion
of the participants.
Corporate Governance
The Company policies on Corporate Governance are in accordance with Swiss
law, the "Swiss Code of Best Practice" and the Swiss Stock Exchange Directive
on Corporate Governance. They are consistent with the requirements and practice
of the capital markets where Syngenta is listed, namely Switzerland, the United
States, the United Kingdom and Sweden.
Service Contracts
Neither the Chairman nor the CEO has a service contract which provides for
benefits upon termination of employment.
Board
A strong and experienced Board leads Syngenta. It includes representatives
from four nationalities, drawn from international business and scientific
backgrounds. It brings diversity in expertise and perspective to the leadership
of a complex, highly regulated, global business.
The Board exercises full and effective control of the Company as set out
in the Swiss Code of Obligations and in the regulations governing the internal
organization of Syngenta AG. This includes the ultimate direction and
management of Syngenta, and establishes the basic strategic accounting,
organizational and financial policies to be followed. All major investments and
strategic decisions are reserved for the Board which also has responsibility
for corporate governance matters.
58
Some of the board's responsibilities are delegated to the Chairman's
Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee. Operative
management of Syngenta is delegated to the Executive Committee.
Chairman of the Board
The Chairman of the Board is nominated by the Board and shares
responsibility for the strategic direction of Syngenta with the CEO. He serves
as liaison between the Board and its committees and the CEO. In consultation
with the CEO, the Chairman supervises implementation of resolutions of the
Board and of its committees.
The Chairman of the Board represents, jointly with the CEO, the interests
of the Company as a whole to authorities and business associations both in
Switzerland and internationally.
Chairman's Committee
The Chairman's Committee consists of four members appointed by the Board:
the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer and
one other Director. This Committee prepares the meetings of the Board of
Directors and comments on matters falling within the Board's authority before
decisions are taken. It is also empowered to make decisions on behalf of the
Board where the latter has delegated such authority. Members of the Chairman's
Committee are Heinz Imhof (Committee Chairman), Sir David Barnes, Michael
Pragnell and Felix Weber.
Compensation Committee
The Compensation Committee consists of four members appointed by the
Board: the Chairman of the Board and three other Directors. It regulates the
compensation of the Directors and the remuneration and terms of employment of
the members of the Executive Committee. Members of the Compensation Committee
are Pedro Reiser (Committee Chairman), Sir David Barnes, Heinz Imhof and Felix
Weber. Michael Pragnell attends the meetings of the Compensation Committee as a
permanent guest.
Audit Committee
The Audit Committee consists of four members appointed by the Board. They
are all outside Directors. Its duties are to examine reports from external and
internal auditors and to submit findings to the Board. The Audit Committee
assesses the quality of the financial reporting and prepares Board decisions in
this area. Furthermore, it reviews critical accounting policies and financial
control mechanisms. The Audit Committee also monitors and reports on the
performance and independence of the auditors. Members of the Audit Committee
are Peggy Bruzelius (Committee Chairman), Pierre Landolt, Martin Taylor and
Rolf Watter.
Internal Audit
As an inspecting and monitoring body, Internal Audit carries out
operational audits and system audits. Its duties are assigned by the Audit
Committee and it submits its reports to the Chairman of the Board. Any
suspected irregularities must be reported without delay.
Chief Executive Officer
The CEO is nominated by the Board and shares responsibility for the
strategic direction of Syngenta with the Chairman. The CEO is ultimately
responsible for the active leadership and operational management of Syngenta
and chairs the Executive Committee, representing the latter inside and outside
the Company. Members of the Executive Committee are directly responsible to the
CEO. The Chief Executive Officer in turn ensures the Executive Committee's
efficiency and effectiveness to the Chairman, the Chairman's Committee and the
Board.
The CEO represents, jointly with the Chairman, the interests of the
Company as a whole to authorities and business associations, both in
Switzerland and internationally.
Executive Committee
Under the direction of the CEO, the Executive Committee is responsible for
the operational management of the company. It consists of the CEO, the Chief
Operating Officers of the crop protection and seeds businesses, together with
the Heads of Syngenta's functional activities: Finance, Research and
Technology, Global Operations, Business Development, Legal & Taxes and Human
Resources.
Appointment of Directors and Members of the Executive Committee
The shareholders in a shareholders' meeting appoint the members of the
Board of Directors. The articles of incorporation of Syngenta provide that the
term for which Directors are appointed must not exceed three years (one year
within the meaning of this provision is the period from one ordinary
shareholders' meeting to the next ordinary shareholders' meeting). A year for
the purpose of determining any term of office is the interval between two
ordinary general shareholder meetings. Directors may be reelected. The members
of the Executive Committee are appointed and removed by the Board of Directors.
59
Employees of Syngenta
Year 2002:
We had approximately 20,000 permanent employees as of December 31, 2002.
Approximately 21% of these were in NAFTA, 8% in Latin America, 16% in Asia
Pacific and the remaining 55% in Europe and AME.
The functional distribution of our employees for the year ending December
31, 2002 was approximately as follows:
Production 39%
Research and development 22%
Marketing and distribution 27%
Administration and general overhead 12%
In Switzerland, Belgium, Brazil, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan,
Korea, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, part of the
workforce is unionized or represented by work councils. In the United States,
approximately 200 employees are unionized. On a worldwide basis, fewer than 10%
of our employees belong to a trade union. Our relationships with our unions and
other employee organizations are generally good and there have been no
significant industrial disputes over the last five years at any of Syngenta,
Novartis agribusiness or Zeneca agrochemicals business.
Year 2001:
We had approximately 21,400 permanent employees as of December 31, 2001.
Approximately 21% of these were in NAFTA, 8% in Latin America, 16% in Asia
Pacific and the remaining 55% in Europe and AME.
The functional distribution of our employees for the year ending December
31, 2001 was approximately as follows:
Production 39%
Research and development 21%
Marketing and distribution 27%
Administration and general overhead 13%
Year 2000:
We had approximately 23,000 permanent employees as of December 31, 2000.
Approximately 20% of these were in NAFTA, 9% in Latin America, 17% in Asia
Pacific and the remaining 54% in Europe and AME.
The functional distribution of our employees for the year ending December
31, 2000 was approximately as follows:
Production 40%
Research and development 22%
Marketing and distribution 27%
Administration and general overhead 11%
Management Shareholders
The aggregate amount of Syngenta shares held by current Directors and the
members of the Executive Committee as of April 14, 2003, based on information
available to the Company is 0.04% of all outstanding shares. None of Syngenta's
Directors or the Executive Committee members individually owns more than 1% of
the Company's outstanding shares.
60
ITEM 7 -- MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Major Shareholders
In the financial year 2002 MFS Investment Management reported a holding of
5,256,336 Ordinary Shares and 1,964,629 ADRs of Syngenta AG corresponding to
5.02% of the share capital. In the financial year 2003 Deutsche Bank AG
reported a holding of 5,859,880 Ordinary Shares of Syngenta AG corresponding to
5.21% of the share capital. As of April 14, 2003 Syngenta AG itself held
11,023,465 shares in treasury corresponding to 9.79% of the share capital. In
accordance with Article 659a of the Swiss Code of Obligations, the Company,
however, cannot exercise the voting rights relating to those shares. According
to the Share Register of the Company, as of April 14, 2003, no other person was
known by the Company to be the owner of 5% or more of the Company's voting
securities. To its knowledge, the Company is as of April 14, 2003 not owned or
controlled, directly or indirectly, by another corporation, by any government
or by any other natural or legal person, severally or jointly.
Related Party Transactions
The Transactions
Syngenta was formed from the merger of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca
agrochemicals business in November 2000. The Transactions were effected by
means of the demerger of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals
business from the remaining businesses of Novartis and AstraZeneca and the
combination of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemical business into
Syngenta.
Separation Agreements
Syngenta has entered into agreements with Novartis and AstraZeneca to
govern certain of the ongoing relationships between Syngenta, Novartis and
AstraZeneca at and after the separation date and to provide for an orderly
transition (the "Separation Agreements"). Based upon the accounting for the
Transactions as an acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business by Novartis
agribusiness, the agreements with Novartis are considered to be related party
agreements.
For a brief description of the material terms of the following material
separation agreements, see Item 10 "Additional Information--Material
Contracts", below:
o Indemnity Matters Agreements between Novartis and Syngenta and AstraZeneca
and Syngenta
o Environmental Agreements between Novartis and Syngenta and AstraZeneca and
Syngenta
o Tax Deeds between Novartis and Syngenta and AstraZeneca and Syngenta
o Intellectual Property Agreements between Novartis and Syngenta and
AstraZeneca and Syngenta
o Public Documentation and Securities Offering Contribution Agreement
between Novartis, AstraZeneca and Syngenta
Interests of Management
There are no, and in 2001 and 2002 there were no, outstanding loans
granted by Syngenta or any of its subsidiaries to any of the Directors or
members of the Executive Committee of Syngenta and there are no guarantees
provided by Syngenta or any of its subsidiaries for the benefit of any Director
or member of the Executive Committee of Syngenta.
There are no arrangements under which a Director or member of the
Executive Committee of Syngenta has waived or agreed to waive future
emoluments.
Unless disclosed in this annual report, no Director or member of the
Executive Committee of Syngenta is or was involved in any business transactions
outside the normal business activities of Syngenta or in other transactions
which in terms of form or content would be out of the ordinary or of material
effect upon Syngenta.
61
ITEM 8 -- FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Legal Proceedings
In addition to the legal proceedings described below, Syngenta is involved
from time to time in a number of legal proceedings incidental to the normal
conduct of its business, including proceedings involving product liability
claims, commercial claims, employment and wrongful discharge claims, patent
infringement claims, competition claims, tax assessment claims, waste disposal
claims and tort claims relating to the release of chemicals into the
environment. Syngenta maintains general liability insurance consistent with the
market standards in our industry, including product liability insurance,
covering claims on a world-wide basis with coverage limits and retention
amounts which management believes to be adequate and appropriate in light of
Syngenta's businesses and the risks to which it is subject.
Class action complaints were filed in 1999 and 2000 against Monsanto in
federal court in the District of Columbia (Higginbotham et al. v. Monsanto Co.)
and in Illinois (Blades et al. v. Monsanto Co.) alleging antitrust violations
by Monsanto and others in the sale and distribution of genetically modified
insect resistant corn seeds and glyphosate-tolerant soya seeds. The
Higginbotham action was transferred in May 2000 to Illinois where the lawsuits
were consolidated and in January 2001 both cases were transferred to federal
court in Missouri, the action now being captioned Sample et al. v. Monsanto Co.
et al. A number of Monsanto's major competitors including Syngenta Seeds Inc.
and Syngenta Crop Protection Inc. were added as additional defendants in June
2001. On October 12, 2001 defendants filed separate motions to dismiss
plaintiffs' amended complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief
could be granted. Plaintiffs subsequently stipulated to the dismissal of
Syngenta Crop Protection Inc. on the ground that the company's business does
not include the sale of the products at issue in the case, and the court has
approved the dismissal. Defendants' motions to dismiss were denied in a court
order issued on April 4, 2002. The case entered into the class certification
discovery phase on January 15, 2002. Briefing on plaintiffs' motion for class
certification began on January 17, 2003 and ended on March 7, 2003, and will be
followed by an evidentiary hearing before the court on April 28-29, 2003.
Discovery on merits-related issues commenced in early 2003. No date has been
set for a hearing on class certification or for any trial in this matter. On
November 21, 2001, a class action complaint was filed by S&M Farm Supply, Inc.
in federal court in California against Monsanto Company and its parent
Pharmacia Corporation, alleging that Monsanto and various alleged
co-conspirators, including Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. and its predecessor
corporations, conspired to allocate markets and to fix, raise, maintain or
stabilize prices for glyphosate-based and paraquat-based herbicides in the
United States. On March 6, 2002, the judge in those proceedings ordered that
the proceedings be transferred to the Eastern District of Missouri. On December
19, 2001, a representative action and class action complaint was filed under
the title Kevin Williamson and Bobby Vaillette vs. Pharmacia Corporation,
Monsanto Company and Does 1-100 in the Superior Court of California for Sonoma.
The action brought under the California Business and Professions Code raises
similar allegations to those made in the federal lawsuit and claims violations
by the defendants and their alleged co-conspirators, including Syngenta Seeds,
Inc., Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. and their predecessor corporations, of the
Cartwright Act and the Unfair Competition Act. On May 21, 2002, a class action
suit raising similar allegations was filed under the title of Gerald T. Raines
v. Pharmacia Corporation, Monsanto Company and Does 1-100 in the Circuit Court
for Cooke County, Tennessee. At this point in time no Syngenta entity has been
formally named as a defendant in any of these three proceedings.
Syngenta and its predecessor companies have competed vigorously in the
seed and crop protection marketplace and therefore will vigorously oppose the
allegations in the related court cases.
Agro Atar S.A. on May 24, 2000 sued Zeneca S.A.I.C. (now Syngenta Agro
S.A.) in Buenos Aires, Argentina for alleged wrongful termination of an
agrochemicals supply contract. The plaintiff seeks relief of US$43 million. On
December 27, 1999, Agro Atar S.A. filed a separate suit against Advanta
Semillas S.A.I.C. which was amended on August 2, 2000 to include Zeneca
S.A.I.C. (now Syngenta Agro S.A.) as co-defendant. Agro Atar alleges that
Advanta Semillas S.A.I.C. breached its obligations under certain agreements
which had been entered into with Zeneca S.A.I.C. (which were subsequently
assigned to Advanta Semillas S.A.I.C.) pursuant to which Agro Atar had the
rights to market and sell sunflower, corn, and sorghum seed. Based on that
alleged breach, Agro Atar terminated the agreements. Agro Atar claims damages
of $58 million. On June 14, 2001 on the application of Zeneca S.A.I.C. the
judge in this second lawsuit ordered the joinder of both sets of proceedings.
Trial of the proceedings has been ordered; a preliminary hearing took place on
November 27, 2002, and the proceedings have entered the evidentiary stage.
Syngenta believes that Zeneca S.A.I.C. had cause to terminate the agrochemicals
supply contract with Agro Atar and intends vigorously to defend both lawsuits.
In February 2001, the Port of Houston Authority (the "Port") filed suit
against GB Biosciences Holdings, Inc., GB Biosciences Corporation, and certain
other Syngenta entities (including Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc.) in Texas
State Court regarding contamination that has allegedly migrated off the GB
Biosciences Greens Bayou site in Houston, Texas. The Greens Bayou site, which
manufactures an agricultural fungicide, was acquired in February 1998 from
Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. ("ISK"). The onsite past use of certain
chlorinated organic compounds employed in the manufacture of certain pesticides
has contributed to soil and groundwater contamination, some of which has been
detected on and under the adjacent property owned by the Port and in sediments
of the adjoining Greens Bayou. The contamination at issue involves mainly
certain chlorinated pesticides generated before 1970 by the prior owner of the
plant, also named as a defendant. While this contamination is generally being
addressed under the site's Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ("RCRA")
permit, the Port has nonetheless filed suit. Syngenta is vigorously defending
the Port's claims.
In July 2002 Syngenta filed lawsuits against Monsanto Company, DeKalb
Genetics Corp., Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Delta and Pineland
Company, Dow AgroSciences LLC and Mycogen Plant Sciences, Inc. and
Agrigenetics, Inc. (dba Mycogen Seeds) in Federal District Court in Delaware to
stop the unlawful infringement of U.S. biotechnology patents covering
transgenic corn and cotton, which are either owned by or exclusively licensed
to Syngenta. In a first lawsuit, Syngenta charges that Monsanto, DeKalb
Genetics, Pioneer Hi-Bred, Dow AgroSciences and Mycogen Seeds are infringing
one or more of U.S. Patent No. 6,075,185,
62
U.S. Patent No. 6,320,100, and U.S. Patent No. 6,403,865. These patents cover
synthetic Bt genes with increased expression in corn and corn plants resistant
to insects such as the European corn borer; the patent cover includes corn
plants with such genes either alone or stacked with other traits. In a second
lawsuit, Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., asserts that Monsanto and Delta and
Pineland are infringing U.S. Patent No. 6,051,757, which covers methods of
transferring genes into broadleaf plants such as cotton and soybeans using
Agrobacterium and related methods of breeding. In both lawsuits, Syngenta seeks
damages adequate to compensate Syngenta for defendants' infringement of the
patents at issue, with interests as fixed by the Court, as well as damages to
be trebled as a consequence of defendants' willful infringement. Syngenta is
also seeking injunctions prohibiting defendants from further acts of
infringement, contributory infringement and inducement of infringement.
On October 21, 2002, Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. commenced an
action against Syngenta Seeds, Inc. in the U.S. District Court for the Southern
District of Iowa. In its Complaint, Pioneer asserts the following causes of
action: (i) patent infringement; (ii) violation of the Lanham Act; (iii)
misappropriation of trade secrets; (iv) misappropriation; (v) conversion; (vi)
breach of contract; (vii) intentional interference with contractual relations;
(viii) unjust enrichment and (ix) unfair competition. Pioneer is seeking
damages, including exemplary and treble damages, in an amount to be determined
at trial and an injunction prohibiting Syngenta from using the allegedly
misappropriated information. On December 6, 2002, Syngenta filed an answer
denying Pioneer's patent infringement claims and filed a motion for a more
definite statement in connection with the non-patent claims. Syngenta is
vigorously defending Pioneer's claims.
On January 31, 2003, Syngenta filed a new lawsuit against Dow AgroSciences
and Phytogen for infringement of the same Barton & Chilton patent under which
Syngenta brought suit against Monsanto and Delta and Pine Land. An answer to
the Complaint was timely filed by Dow AgroSciences and Phytogen and the case
was assigned to the same judge that is presiding over the Company's case
against Monsanto and Delta and Pine Land. Syngenta is currently seeking to
consolidate this case with the case filed against Monsanto and Delta and Pine
Land for purposes of discovery and claim construction. The impetus for filing
this new lawsuit was the recent public disclosure that WideStrike(TM) insect
resistant cotton was made by Agrobacterium transformation and will be
commercially introduced by Dow and Phytogen for the 2004 season.
Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. is involved in various lawsuits stemming
from the GALECRON class action. GALECRON (active ingredient chlordimeform) is
an insecticide which was produced by Ciba-Geigy from 1968 to 1976 and 1978 to
1988. Scientific studies have indicated an increased incidence of bladder
cancer among production workers exposed to 4-cot, a metabolite of
chlordimeform. In 1994 workers exposed to GALECRON at manufacturing and
formulation sites, as well as applicators of the product, filed a class action
in the United States which was settled the same year. The settlement required
Ciba-Geigy (predecessor in interest to Novartis and Syngenta) to expand its
monitoring program to individuals occupationally exposed to GALECRON and to
compensate these individuals for certain covered conditions and procedures.
Individuals were permitted to bring separate lawsuits for occupational exposure
to GALECRON only if they opted out of the class action settlement. There are
still 9 opt-out cases pending against Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. alleging
various injuries. While over 100 other individuals opted out of the class
action, they have yet to file suit. As time passes, the applicable statutes of
limitation will bar many of these potential lawsuits. A substantial portion of
the costs of the class action settlement, as well as the opt-out litigation,
are likely to be covered by the Company's insurers, subject to applicable
deductibles.
Since 2000, approximately 400 vinegrowers have been involved in judicial
expert procedures set up in several regions of France by court order, in
connection with pursuing claims for compensation from Syngenta Agro S.A.S. (as
successor company to Sopra S.A.), for losses arising out of damage to vine
plants in 2000 allegedly linked to the use of two herbicide products, called
MISSION and KATANA (active ingredient flazasulfuron), distributed in 2000 by
Sopra S.A. These judicial expert procedures are on going. In parallel, Syngenta
has reached negotiated settlements with claimants involved in the judicial
expert procedure under the direction of the High Court of Chalons in the
Champagne region, and has held settlement discussions with claimants'
representatives in a number of other regions. Syngenta will continue to
progress these settlement discussions with a view to reaching negotiated
settlements with claimants in due course. In management's estimation, the
remaining overall contingency at stake could be in the area of 1.2 million
euro, for which insurance coverage is in the biggest part, if not entirely,
provided to Syngenta.
Two companies, Agroquimica Puesto Viejo S.R.L. and Agroquimica Puesto
Nuevo S.A., have sued Novartis Argentina S.A. for damages and loss of profits
in the total amount of US$5 million. The suits allege wrongful termination of a
distribution agreement. Currently, the suit is in the discovery stage, and in
parallel, settlement options are being explored. On September 24, 2002, the
court of first instance has ruled in favor of Syngenta. Currently, proceedings
are in the appeal stage. Management assesses the probability of an unfavorable
outcome of the lawsuits to be low.
In early 1999, Comercial Agricola del Peru S.A. ("Cadepsa") has sued
Novartis Biosciences Peru S.A. and Novartis International AG as well as Quimica
Suiza for damages and loss of profits in the amount of US$3.5 million. As
former distributor of VERTIMEC (active ingredient abamectin), Cadepsa argues
that the transfer of the distribution rights for VERTIMEC following the
acquisition of VERTIMEC by Novartis caused damage and loss of profit. During
2001 a judicial expert proceeding regarding the alleged damages caused to
Cadepsa has rendered results in favor of Novartis. In 2002, the court
proceedings did not advance. Management assesses the risk of this lawsuit to be
remote. In consequence, no financial reserves have been made.
Syngenta is also subject to certain tax claims. In 1996, the Brazilian
Federal Tax Treasury drew Novartis' Brazilian legal entity into administrative
proceedings, the subject of which is the import tax classification of the
active ingredient Atrazine. The matter is on the question as to whether, under
applicable law, Atrazine will qualify as a raw material (Syngenta's position)
or as intermediate chemicals (the Federal Inspection's position). So far 16
administrative proceedings were ruled to the disadvantage of Syngenta.
Currently, 2 cases are on appeal before the judiciary. In aggregate, the
maximum contingency in the event of an unfavorable outcome for Syngenta could
amount to approximately BRL 24.5 million, a sum corresponding to approximately
US$7 million currently.
63
In 1992, the Tax Inspectorate of Rio de Janeiro State drew Sandoz'
Brazilian legal entity into administrative proceedings, the subject of which is
the sales tax classification of copper thread, which serves as raw material for
certain copper-based products. The matter is on the question as to whether the
regarded copper materials, under applicable law, will qualify as copper thread,
in which case no tax on sale would apply (Syngenta's position), or as copper
scrap, in which case substantial additional tax payments would fall due (the
Federal Inspectorate's position). In January 2003, the administrative
proceedings were ruled to the disadvantage of Syngenta. Currently, the case is
in preparation for appeal to the Judiciary. In aggregate, the maximum
contingency in the event of an unfavorable outcome for Syngenta could amount to
approximately BRL 12 million, a sum corresponding to approximately US$3.4
million currently.
In 1990, the Federal Government of Brazil, represented by the Federal Tax
Treasury, drew Ciba-Geigy's Brazilian legal entity into an administrative
proceeding. The Government claimed infringement of a federal regulation which
provided for regulated prices for, among other things, agrochemicals at that
time, and supported the claim with a number of Ciba-Geigy's invoices which show
Extravon supply prices which, against the official state-prescribed prices,
appear to have increased. While this regulation was abrogated shortly after the
commencement of the administrative proceedings in 1990, the matter is still
pending before the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court. The aggregate contingency
in the event of an unfavorable outcome for Syngenta could amount to
approximately BRL 12 million, a sum corresponding to approximately US$3.4
million currently.
Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual
matters cannot be predicted with assurance. It is reasonably possible that the
final resolution of some of these matters could require Syngenta to make
expenditures, in excess of established reserves, over an extended period of
time and in a range of amounts that cannot be reasonably estimated. Although
the final resolution of any such matters could have a material effect on
Syngenta's consolidated operating results and cash flows for a particular
reporting period, Syngenta believes that it should not materially affect its
consolidated financial position, although there can be no assurances.
Dividends and Dividend Policy
Our Board of Directors expects to propose a dividend to the shareholders'
meeting once a year. The level of future dividends to be paid will be based on
the financial performance and will also depend on the need to fund capital
expenditures, working capital and other investments. All shareholders are
entitled to equal dividends. Holders of CDIs and ADRs will receive dividends in
proportion to the number of Syngenta shares represented by the CDIs or ADRs.
The Board has recommended a gross dividend for 2002 of CHF 0.85 per share
to be paid on May 5, 2003, subject to shareholder approval at the shareholders'
meeting on April 29, 2003.
Cash dividends payable to holders of ADRs listed on the New York Stock
Exchange will be paid to The Bank of New York, which will convert the dividends
into U.S. dollars for disbursement to such holders. Cash dividends payable to
holders of ordinary shares listed on the OM Stockholm Stock Exchange will be
paid to VPC which will convert the dividends into Swedish Kroner for
disbursement to such shareholders. Cash dividends payable to holders of CDIs
will be paid to CREST. If the CDIs are held through Lloyds TSB Registrars, the
holder will receive dividends in British pounds sterling. For information on
Swiss law requirements regarding dividends, see "Item 10 - Additional
Information - Articles of Incorporation - Dividends". For information about
deduction of withholding taxes, see "Item 10 - Additional Information -
Taxation - Switzerland".
64
ITEM 9 -- THE OFFER AND LISTING
Markets
Trading Markets and Price Ranges
Our shares are primarily listed on the Swiss Exchange and principally
traded on the London-based virt-x, a Recognized Investment Exchange supervised
by the Financial Services Authority (FSA) in the United Kingdom, where all the
Swiss blue chips are principally traded since June 25, 2001; they are also
listed and traded on the OM Stockholm Stock Exchange, the London Stock Exchange
(in the form of CDIs) and the New York Stock Exchange (in the form of ADRs).
The information presented in the table below represents, for the periods
indicated, the reported high and low closing sales prices quoted in their
respective currency.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trading Prices on Swiss Exchange
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Price per Share in CHF
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Low
----------------------
Annual Highs and Lows
2000 (since November 13, 2000) 87.00 75.05
2001 102.75 66.95
2002 108.50 74.65
Quarterly Highs and Lows
2001
First Quarter 102.75 81.50
Second Quarter 94.50 84.70
Third Quarter 97.45 66.95
Fourth Quarter 87.25 74.75
2002
First Quarter 102.75 82.40
Second Quarter 108.50 88.80
Third Quarter 92.70 74.65
Fourth Quarter 95.00 77.35
Monthly Highs and Lows for most recent six months
2002
September 88.20 80.00
October 95.00 81.20
November 88.25 84.00
December 84.70 77.35
2003
January 86.60 77.40
February 81.35 65.75
March 66.00 57.10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
65
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trading Prices on the Stockholm Stock Exchange
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Price per Share in SEK
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Low
----------------------
Annual Highs and Lows
2000 (since November 13, 2000) 506.00 425.00
2001 600.00 468.50
2002 675.00 465.00
Quarterly Highs and Lows
2001
First Quarter 600.00 486.00
Second Quarter 580.00 495.00
Third Quarter 591.00 468.50
Fourth Quarter 555.00 487.00
2002
First Quarter 639.00 512.00
Second Quarter 675.00 544.00
Third Quarter 575.00 465.00
Fourth Quarter 584.00 485.00
Monthly Highs and Lows for most recent six months
2002
September 550.00 500.00
October 584.00 485.00
November 548.00 520.00
December 520.00 490.00
2003
January 541.00 485.00
February 511.00 398.00
March 416.00 358.00
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trading Prices on the London Stock Exchange
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Price per Share in GB pence
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Low
----------------------
Annual Highs and Lows
2000 (since November 13, 2000) 3530.00 3012.50
2001 4257.50 3000.00
2002 4550.00 3200.00
Quarterly Highs and Lows
2001
First Quarter 4257.50 3350.00
Second Quarter 3780.00 3352.50
Third Quarter 3812.50 3000.00
Fourth Quarter 3675.00 3200.00
2002
First Quarter 4250.00 3425.00
Second Quarter 4550.00 3900.00
Third Quarter 4012.50 3200.00
Fourth Quarter 4012.50 3425.00
Monthly Highs and Lows for most recent six months
2002
September 3717.50 3425.00
October 4012.50 3425.00
November 3837.50 3755.00
December 3675.00 3460.00
2003
January 3832.50 3480.00
February 3600.00 3112.50
March 3112.50 2687.50
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
66
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trading Prices on the New York Stock Exchange
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Price per ADR(1) in US$
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High Low
----------------------
Annual Highs and Lows
2000 (since November 13, 2000) 10.94 8.38
2001 12.67 8.60
2002 13.14 9.87
Quarterly Highs and Lows
2001
First Quarter 12.67 9.68
Second Quarter 11.06 9.65
Third Quarter 10.90 8.60
Fourth Quarter 10.60 9.28
2002
First Quarter 12.30 9.87
Second Quarter 13.14 11.57
Third Quarter 12.40 9.87
Fourth Quarter 12.70 10.65
Monthly Highs and Lows for most recent six months
2002
September 11.83 10.73
October 12.70 10.65
November 12.15 11.33
December 11.68 11.08
2003
January 12.45 11.50
February 12.00 9.69
March 9.93 8.60
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) One ADR represents one-fifth of a share of the Company. Source: Bloomberg
67
ITEM 10 -- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
Set out below is a brief summary of certain provisions of the articles of
incorporation and of the Swiss Code of Obligations (Schweizerisches
Obligationenrecht) relating to the Syngenta shares. This description does not
purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the
Swiss Code of Obligations and the articles of incorporation of Syngenta. Copies
of the Syngenta articles of incorporation are available at the offices of
Syngenta AG, Schwarzwaldallee 215, 4058 Basel, Switzerland, and can be accessed
on the Internet (www.syngenta.com) in the section "About Syngenta". An English
translation is included as an exhibit to this annual report.
Syngenta AG is registered in the commercial register of the Canton of
Basel-Stadt under number CH-170.3.023.349-3. The business purpose of Syngenta,
according to section 2 of its articles of incorporation, is to hold interests
in enterprises, particularly in the areas of agribusiness; under special
circumstances, Syngenta may also directly operate such businesses. Syngenta may
acquire, mortgage, liquidate or sell real estate and intellectual property
rights in Switzerland or elsewhere.
Capital Structure and Shares
The nominal share capital of Syngenta is CHF 1,125,645,840, divided into
112,564,584 registered shares with a nominal value of CHF 10 each. All of the
Syngenta shares have been issued in registered form and are fully paid.
A shareholder may at any time request that Syngenta confirm the number of
registered shares owned by the shareholder recorded in Syngenta's share
register. Shareholders are not entitled, however, to demand the printing and
delivery of certificates representing shares.
Voting Rights
Each Syngenta share carries one vote at the shareholders' meetings of
Syngenta. Voting rights may be exercised only after a shareholder has been
registered in Syngenta's share register (Aktienbuch) as a shareholder with
voting rights. Registration as a shareholder with voting rights is subject to
certain declarations on the ownership of Syngenta shares.
Shareholders' Meetings
Under Swiss law, an ordinary annual shareholders' meeting must be held
within six months after the end of Syngenta's financial year. Shareholders'
meetings may be convened by the board of directors or, in exceptional
circumstances, by the statutory auditors. The board of directors is further
required to convene an extraordinary shareholders' meeting if resolved by an
ordinary shareholders' meeting or if requested by shareholders holding in the
aggregate at least 10% of the share capital of Syngenta. Shareholders holding
Syngenta shares with a nominal value of at least CHF 1 million (i.e., 100,000
shares) have the right to request that a specific proposal be put on the agenda
and voted upon at the next shareholders' meeting. A shareholders' meeting is
convened by way of notice appearing once in the official publication organs of
the Company at least 20 days prior to such meeting. Registered shareholders may
also be informed by mail.
The shareholders' meeting passes resolutions and makes elections, if not
otherwise required by law, with a simple majority of the votes represented
(i.e., abstentions from voting shares represented at the meeting having the
effect of votes against the proposal). Under Swiss law and as per Syngenta's
articles of incorporation a resolution passed at a shareholders' meeting with a
supermajority of 66 2/3% of the votes represented and the absolute majority of
the nominal value of the Syngenta shares represented is required for:
o changes in Syngenta's business purpose;
o the creation of shares with privileged voting rights;
o restrictions on the transferability of registered shares and the
removal of such restrictions;
o an authorized or conditional increase in Syngenta's share capital;
o an increase in Syngenta's share capital by way of capitalization of
reserves (Kapitalerhohung aus Eigenkapital), against contributions in
kind (Sacheinlage) or for the purpose of the acquisition of assets
(Sachubernahme), or the granting of special privileges;
o the restriction or withdrawal of pre-emptive rights of shareholders;
o a relocation of the registered office; and
o the dissolution of Syngenta other than by liquidation (for example,
by way of a merger).
68
In addition, any provision in the articles of incorporation providing for
a stricter voting requirement than the voting requirements prescribed by law or
the existing articles of incorporation must be adopted in accordance with such
stricter voting requirements. The articles of incorporation of Syngenta do not
contain provisions setting forth stricter voting requirements for shareholders'
meetings than the voting requirements prescribed by law and described above.
The shareholders' meeting also has the non-transferable power to vote by a
simple majority of the votes represented at the shareholders' meeting on any
amendments to the articles of incorporation (other than those referred to in
the preceding two paragraphs), to elect the Directors, the external auditors,
to approve the annual report and the financial statements, to set the annual
dividend, to grant the Directors and management discharge from liability for
matters disclosed to the shareholders' meeting, and to order an independent
investigation into specific matters proposed to the shareholders' meeting
(Sonderprufung).
At Syngenta's shareholders' meetings, shareholders may only be represented
by a legal representative, by another shareholder entitled to vote based on a
written proxy, proxies designated in agreements with or regulations relating to
nominees, by an appointed representative of the corporate body of Syngenta
(Organvertreter), the independent proxy (unabhangiger Stimmrechtsvertreter) or
an assignee of proxy votes for deposited shares (Depotvertreter). Votes are
taken on a show of hands unless the shareholders' meeting resolves to have a
ballot or the chairman of the meeting orders such ballot.
Pre-emptive Rights
Under Swiss law, any share issue, whether for cash, non-cash consideration
or no consideration, is subject to the prior approval of the shareholders'
meeting. As a rule, Syngenta shareholders have pre-emptive rights for all new
issues of securities. However, these pre-emptive rights may be varied or
excluded by a resolution of a shareholders' meeting on valid grounds. The
resolution must be taken by a majority of two-thirds of the votes represented
at the meeting and the absolute majority of the par value of the shares
represented (unless provided otherwise in the articles of incorporation). Valid
grounds are, for instance, the acquisition of all or part of the assets and
liabilities or the acquisition of the shares of another company as well as the
creation of employee participation plans. The shareholders may not be treated
unequally in connection with any exclusion of pre-emptive rights. Moreover, it
must be in the interest of the Company to exclude such pre-emptive rights in
any given case. In the event of a conditional or authorized share capital
increase, the shareholders' meeting may delegate the decision as to whether
pre-emptive rights should be excluded to the Board of Directors provided the
fundamental principles upon which the decision has to be made are determined by
the shareholders' meeting.
Borrowing Power
Neither Swiss law nor the articles of incorporation of Syngenta restrict
in any way Syngenta's power to borrow and to raise funds. The decision to
borrow funds is passed by or under the direction of Syngenta's Board of
Directors, with no shareholders' resolution being required.
Duration and Liquidation
The articles of incorporation do not limit Syngenta's duration. Syngenta
may be dissolved at any time by a shareholders' resolution which must be passed
by (1) an absolute majority of the Syngenta shares represented at the meeting
in the event Syngenta is dissolved by way of liquidation, and (2) a
super-majority of 66 2/3% of the votes represented and the absolute majority of
the nominal value of the Syngenta shares represented at the meeting in other
events (for example in a merger where Syngenta is not the surviving entity).
Under Swiss law, any surplus arising out of a liquidation (after the
settlement of all claims of all creditors) is distributed to shareholders in
proportion to the paid-up nominal value of Syngenta shares held by them.
Directors
According to section 3 of the articles, the Board of Directors can pass
resolutions with respect to all matters which are not reserved to the authority
of the shareholders' meeting by law or by the articles of incorporation.
Exercise of this power does not require shareholder approval. Neither Swiss law
nor the articles restrict in any way the Company's power to borrow or otherwise
raise funds.
The terms of office for each member of the Board of Directors shall not
exceed three years (a year within the meaning of this provision is the interval
between two ordinary shareholders' meetings). The term of office shall be
determined for each member at the occasion of its election. The several terms
of office shall be coordinated so that in each year approximately one-third of
all members of the Board of Directors shall be subject to re-election or
election.
The Directors shall automatically retire after the lapse of the twelfth
year of office or, if earlier, after the expiry of the seventieth year of age,
provided that the retirement shall become effective on the date of the next
ordinary shareholders' meeting following such event.
Notices
Under Swiss law, notices to shareholders are validly made by publication
in the Swiss Official Commercial Gazette. The Board may designate additional
means of communication for publishing notices to shareholders.
69
Dividends
Swiss law requires that at least 5% of the annual net profits of the
Company be retained by the Company as general reserves for so long as these
reserves amount to less than 20% of the Company's nominal share capital. Under
Swiss law, dividends are paid out only if approved by the shareholders. The
Board may propose that a dividend be paid out, but cannot itself set the
dividend. In practice, the shareholders' meeting usually approves the dividend
proposal of the Board. Dividends are usually due and payable immediately after
the shareholders' resolution relating to the allocation of profits has been
passed. The Company only has one class of shares with a nominal value of CHF 10
each. Therefore, all shareholders are entitled to equal dividends. Holders of
CDIs and ADRs will receive dividends in proportion to the number of Syngenta
shares represented by the CDIs or ADRs. According to section 4 of the articles,
dividends which have not been claimed within five years after the due date fall
back to the Company and would be allocated to the general reserves.
Liquidation
According to Swiss Law, each shareholder is entitled to receive the part
of the assets of a company remaining after its liquidation which is
proportional to its paid-in shareholding.
Redemption Provision
Swiss law limits the number of shares, which the Company may hold or
repurchase. The Company and its subsidiaries may repurchase shares only if (i)
the Company has sufficient free reserves to pay the purchase price and (ii) the
aggregate nominal value of such shares does not exceed 10% of the nominal share
capital of the Company. Shares held by the Company and its subsidiaries do not
have any voting rights. Furthermore, the Company must create a reserve on its
balance sheet in the amount of the purchase price of the acquired shares.
Long-term share buy-backs by the Company may be subject to certain adverse tax
consequences in Switzerland.
Mandatory Bid Rule
Under the Swiss Stock Exchange Act, shareholders and groups of
shareholders acting in concert who acquire more than 33 1/3% of the voting
rights of a company incorporated in Switzerland of which at least one class of
equity securities is listed on the Swiss Exchange must submit a takeover bid to
all remaining shareholders. A mandatory takeover bid must be made under certain
rules (including rules with respect to price and procedures) set forth in the
Swiss Stock Exchange Act.
Material Contracts
The following is a summary of our material contracts. Because it is a
summary, it may not contain all of the information about such contracts that is
important to you. The summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to
the contracts, copies of which have been filed with the SEC.
The Separation Agreements
Novartis, AstraZeneca, Syngenta and various of their affiliates entered
into a series of separation agreements, each of which became effective at the
completion of the transactions, the purpose and effect of which was:
o to achieve the separation of the historic, current and possible
future liabilities of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals
business from the historic, current and possible future liabilities
of the remaining activities of Novartis and AstraZeneca;
o to properly allocate amongst the parties' liabilities that may arise
under relevant securities laws as a result of any misstatements or
omissions contained in the various annual report documentation to be
distributed to AstraZeneca and Novartis shareholders or as a result
of the transactions themselves;
o to provide for the provision of various services between Novartis,
AstraZeneca and Syngenta on a transitional, and in certain instances
a longer-term, basis; and
o to ensure all affected parties have access to necessary relevant
information in the future and that, where relevant, such information
is subject to appropriate confidentiality provisions.
Below we outline the material separation agreements:
Indemnity Matters Agreement
The Indemnity Matters Agreements between Novartis and Syngenta and
AstraZeneca and Syngenta specify the losses that each party has reciprocally
covenanted to pay arising from any damages that may arise relating to both
existing and former operations and divested divisions of the respective
businesses. The parties are not obligated to reimburse each other for amounts
which are covered under an insurance policy or otherwise from a third party.
Generally, under these agreements, AstraZeneca and Novartis respectively
indemnify Syngenta for losses in connection with: (1) AstraZeneca's businesses,
other than AstraZeneca's
70
agrochemical business and in connection with AstraZeneca's reorganization; and
(2) Novartis's businesses, not including the Novartis agribusiness, and in
connection with Novartis's reorganization. Syngenta indemnifies AstraZeneca and
Novartis, respectively, for losses in connection with Syngenta's
agribusinesses.
Environmental Matters Agreements
The Environmental Matters Agreements between Syngenta, Novartis and
AstraZeneca outline the covenants to indemnify each other in respect of
liabilities relating to environmental and health and safety matters (other than
product liability claims) against respective group companies and affiliates
which arise through the historic, current and future operation of Syngenta. The
purpose of the Environmental Matters Agreements is to address, in general
terms, the rights and obligations of Novartis, AstraZeneca and Syngenta for
environmental claims that have been or will be incurred and to identify special
arrangements for environmental matters related to specific affiliates of each
party. The parties are not obligated to reimburse each other for amounts which
are covered under an insurance policy or otherwise from a third party.
Under the Agreements, Syngenta and its subsidiaries indemnify AstraZeneca
and Novartis for matters arising from Syngenta's sites and agribusinesses, with
exceptions for certain sites and circumstances. AstraZeneca and Novartis are
allocated liability and indemnify Syngenta for such matters arising from their
respective sites and businesses, including AstraZeneca's businesses (not
including AstraZeneca's agrochemical business) and sites and Novartis's
businesses and sites (not including the Novartis agribusiness), with exceptions
for certain specific sites and circumstances.
Tax Deed
The Tax Deed between Novartis and Syngenta allocates Novartis's and
Syngenta's responsibilities for certain tax matters. Novartis retained all tax
liabilities arising out of or connected to the remaining Novartis businesses
(excluding Novartis agribusiness) and the reorganization of the Novartis group
for the purpose of separating Novartis agribusiness, except for certain events
as described in the Tax Deed. Syngenta has assumed and will be responsible for
all tax liabilities arising out of or connected to the Novartis agribusiness or
a Syngenta-related event as described in the Tax Deed. The Deed also provides
for the management of tax affairs and dispute resolution.
The Tax Deed between AstraZeneca and Syngenta allocates AstraZeneca's and
Syngenta's responsibilities for certain tax matters. AstraZeneca retained all
tax liabilities arising out of or connected to the remaining AstraZeneca
businesses (excluding Zeneca agrochemicals) and the reorganization of the
AstraZeneca group for the purpose of separating Zeneca agrochemicals, except
for certain events as described in the Tax Deed. Syngenta has assumed and will
be responsible for all tax liabilities arising out of or connected to Zeneca
agrichemicals business or a Syngenta-related event as described in the Tax
Deed. The Deed also provides for the management of tax affairs and dispute
resolution.
Intellectual Property Agreements
Under the Intellectual Property Agreements, Syngenta acquired title to all
relevant intellectual property that is exclusive to or predominantly relates to
its business. Syngenta will license or will be licensed relevant intellectual
property pertaining to the business of Syngenta that it shares with Novartis or
AstraZeneca.
Licenses (other than the license of the Zeneca or Novartis house mark and
domain names) are worldwide, exclusive in the field, royalty-free and
perpetual. The licenses of the Novartis house mark and domain names are
exclusive in the agribusiness field, royalty-free and expire three years after
the date of the completion of the transactions. The licenses of the Zeneca
house mark and domain names are exclusive in the agrochemicals field,
royalty-free and expire on January 4, 2005.
Public Documentation and Securities Offering Contribution Agreement
The Public Documentation and Securities Offering Contribution Agreement
between Novartis, AstraZeneca and Syngenta allocates the responsibilities for
losses arising out of untrue statements, omissions, actions or statements made
in the listing and shareholders' documentation, regarding the offering of
rights or dividends of shares in Syngenta or in relation to the registration,
listing, transfer and issues of the Syngenta shares. Each of the parties
generally indemnifies the others for liabilities caused by untrue statements or
alleged untrue statements contained in or omissions from such party's listing
and shareholders' documents relied on by the other parties or third parties.
Exchange Controls
There are currently no Swiss laws, decrees or regulations restricting the
import or export of capital or affecting the payment of dividends or other
payments to holders of Syngenta shares or ADRs who are non-Swiss residents.
There are no limitations relating only to non-Swiss persons under Swiss law or
the Articles of Association of Syngenta on the right to be a holder of Syngenta
shares or ADRs.
Taxation
This taxation summary solely addresses the material Swiss and U.S. tax
consequences to shareholders in connection with the acquisition and disposition
of Syngenta shares. This summary does not discuss every aspect of taxation that
may be relevant to a
71
particular taxpayer under special circumstances or who is subject to special
treatment under applicable law and is not intended to be applicable in all
respects to all categories of investors. This summary also assumes that our
business will be conducted in the manner outlined in this annual report.
Changes in our organizational structure or the manner in which we conduct our
business may invalidate this summary. The laws upon which this paragraph is
based are subject to change, perhaps with retroactive effect. A change to these
laws may invalidate the contents of this summary, which will not be updated to
reflect changes in laws. Prospective investors should consult their tax
advisors regarding the particular personal tax consequences of their acquiring,
owning and disposing of shares.
Switzerland
The following is a summary of certain tax considerations relevant to the
acquisition and disposition of the Syngenta shares under Swiss tax laws. The
following summary does not purport to address all tax consequences of the
ownership of Syngenta shares, and does not take into account the specific
circumstances of any particular investor. This summary is based on the tax laws
of Switzerland as in effect on the date hereof, which are subject to change (or
changes in interpretation), possibly with retroactive effect.
Withholding Tax on Dividends and Similar Distributions
Dividends paid and other similar cash or in kind taxable distributions
made by Syngenta to a holder of Syngenta shares (including dividends on
liquidation proceeds and stock dividends) are subject to a Swiss withholding
tax at a rate of 35%. The withholding tax will be withheld by Syngenta on the
gross distributions and will be paid to the Swiss Federal Tax Administration.
Swiss resident recipients. Swiss resident individuals or legal entities
are generally entitled to a full refund or tax credit for the withholding tax
if they are the beneficial owners of such distributions at the time the
distribution is due and duly report the receipt thereof in the relevant income
tax return.
Non-resident recipients. The recipient of a taxable distribution from
Syngenta who is an individual or a legal entity not resident in Switzerland for
tax purposes may be entitled to a partial refund of the withholding tax if the
country in which such recipient resides for tax purposes has entered into a
bilateral treaty for the avoidance of double taxation with Switzerland and the
further conditions of such treaty are met. Holders of Syngenta shares not
resident in Switzerland should be aware that the procedures for claiming treaty
benefits (and the time frame required for obtaining a refund) may differ from
country to country. Holders of Syngenta shares not resident in Switzerland
should consult their own legal, financial or tax advisors regarding receipt,
ownership, purchase, sale or other dispositions of Syngenta shares and the
procedures for claiming a refund of the withholding tax.
As of January 1, 2003, Switzerland had entered into bilateral treaties for
the avoidance of double taxation with respect to income taxes with the
following countries:
Argentina Germany Macedonia Slovenia
Albania Greece Malaysia South Africa
Australia Hungary Mexico Spain
Austria Iceland Moldavia Sri Lanka
Belgium India Morocco Sweden
Belarus Indonesia Netherlands Thailand
Bulgaria Ireland New Zealand Trinidad and Tobago
Canada Italy Norway Tunisia
China Ivory Coast Pakistan Ukraine
Croatia Jamaica Philippines United Kingdom
Czech Republic Japan Poland United States
Denmark Kazakhstan Portugal Vietnam
Ecuador Kirgistan Romania Venezuela
Egypt Republic of Korea Russia Zimbabwe
Finland Kuwait Singapore
France Luxembourg Slovakia
Residents of the U.S. A non-resident holder who is a resident of the
United States for purposes of the Treaty is eligible for a reduced rate of tax
on dividends equal to 15% of the dividend, provided that such holder (i)
qualifies for benefits under the Treaty and (ii) holds, directly and
indirectly, less than 10% of Syngenta voting stock, (iii) does not conduct
business through a permanent establishment or fixed base in Switzerland to
which the shares or ADRs are attributable. Such an eligible holder must apply
for a refund of the amount of the withholding tax in excess of the 15% treaty
rate. The claim for refund must be filed on Swiss Tax Form 82 (82C for
corporations; 82I for individuals; 82E for other entities), which may be
obtained from any Swiss consulate general in the United States or from the
Federal Tax Administration of Switzerland at the address below, together with
an instruction form. Four copies of the form must be duly completed, signed
before a notary public of the United States, and sent to the Federal Tax
Administration of Switzerland, Eigerstrasse 65, CH-3003 Berne, Switzerland. The
form must be accompanied by suitable evidence of deduction of Swiss tax
withheld at source, such as certificates of deduction, signed bank vouchers or
credit slips. The form may be filed on or after July 1 or January 1 following
the date the dividend was payable, but no later than December 31 of the third
year following the calendar in which the dividend became payable.
In addition, negotiations have been completed for a new double taxation
treaty with Mongolia.
72
Income and Profit Tax on Dividends and Similar Distributions
Individuals. An individual who is a Swiss resident for tax purposes, or is
a non-Swiss resident holding Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss business
operation or Swiss permanent establishment, is required to report the receipt
of taxable distributions received on the Syngenta shares in his relevant Swiss
tax returns.
Legal entities. Legal entities resident in Switzerland or non-Swiss
resident legal entities holding Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss
establishment are required to include taxable distributions received on the
Syngenta shares in their income subject to Swiss corporate income taxes. A
Swiss corporation or co-operative or a non-Swiss corporation or co-operative
holding Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss permanent establishment may, under
certain circumstances, benefit from relief from taxation with respect to
dividends (Beteiligungsabzug).
Non-resident recipients. Recipients of dividends and similar distributions
on shares who are neither residents of Switzerland for tax purposes nor hold
Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss business operation or a Swiss permanent
establishment are not subject to Swiss income taxes in respect of such
distributions.
Tax Treatment of Capital Gains Realized On Syngenta Shares
Individuals. Swiss resident individuals who hold Syngenta shares as part
of their private property generally are exempt from Swiss federal, cantonal and
communal taxes with respect to capital gains realized upon the sale or other
disposal of Syngenta shares, unless such individuals are qualified as security
trading professionals for income tax purposes. Gains realized upon a repurchase
of Syngenta shares by Syngenta for the purpose of the capital reduction are
recharacterized as taxable distributions. The same is true for gains realized
upon a repurchase of Syngenta shares if Syngenta were not to dispose of the
repurchased shares within six years after the repurchase. In principle, the
taxable income would be the difference between the repurchase price and the
nominal value of the shares.
Individuals who are Swiss residents for tax purposes and who hold the
Syngenta shares as business assets, or are non-Swiss residents holding Syngenta
shares as part of a Swiss business operation or Swiss permanent establishment
are required to include capital gains realized upon the disposal of Syngenta
shares in their income subject to Swiss income tax.
Legal entities. Legal entities resident in Switzerland or non-Swiss
resident legal entities holding Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss permanent
establishment are required to include capital gains realized upon the disposal
of Syngenta shares in their income subject to Swiss corporate income tax.
Non-resident individuals and legal entities. Individuals and legal
entities which are not resident in Switzerland for tax purposes and do not hold
Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss business operation or a Swiss permanent
establishment are not subject to Swiss income taxes on gains realized upon the
disposal of the shares.
Net Worth and Capital Taxes
Individuals. Individuals who are Swiss residents for tax purposes, or are
non-Swiss residents holding Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss business
operation or Swiss permanent establishment are required to include their
Syngenta shares in their wealth which is subject to cantonal and communal net
worth tax.
Legal entities. Legal entities resident in Switzerland or non-Swiss
resident legal entities holding Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss permanent
establishment are required to include their Syngenta shares in their assets
which are subject to cantonal and communal capital tax.
Non-resident individuals and legal entities. Individuals and legal
entities which are not resident in Switzerland for tax purposes and do not hold
Syngenta shares as part of a Swiss business operation or a Swiss permanent
establishment are not subject to Swiss cantonal and communal net worth and
capital taxes.
Gift and Inheritance Tax
Transfers of Syngenta shares may be subject to cantonal and/or communal
inheritance or gift taxes if the deceased or the donor or the recipient were
resident in a Canton levying such taxes and in international circumstances if
the applicable tax treaty were to allocate the right to tax to such Canton.
Stamp Tax Upon Transfer of Securities (Umsatzabgabe)
The transfer of the Syngenta shares after the completion of the
transactions, whether by a Swiss resident or non-resident holder, may be
subject to a Swiss securities transfer tax of 0.15% of the sales proceeds if
the sale occurs through or with a Swiss bank or other professional securities
dealer as defined in the Swiss Federal Stamp Tax Act.
United States
The following discussion is a summary of the material U.S. federal income
tax considerations relevant to the ownership by a U.S. holder of Syngenta
shares or Syngenta ADRs. For purposes of this discussion, U.S. holders are
beneficial owners of Syngenta shares or ADRs that, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes are (i) U.S. citizens or resident alien individuals, (ii) corporations
organized in or under the laws of the United States or any political
subdivision thereof, or (iii) an estate or trust the income of which
73
is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of source. In general, if
you are the beneficial owner of Syngenta ADRs, you will be treated, for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, as the beneficial owner of the Syngenta Shares
represented by those ADRs. The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that
parties to whom depositary shares such as the Syngenta ADRs are released may be
taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming of foreign tax credits
by U.S. holders. Accordingly, the analysis of the creditability of Swiss
withholding taxes described below could be affected by future actions that may
be taken by the U.S. Treasury. This summary does not address all of the U.S.
federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to the particular
circumstances of a U.S. holder of Syngenta shares or Syngenta ADRs, and does
not discuss any aspect of state, local or non-U.S. tax law. Moreover, this
summary deals only with U.S. holders that will hold Syngenta shares or Syngenta
ADRs as capital assets (generally, property held for investment), and it does
not apply to U.S. holders that may be subject to special tax rules, such as
banks, insurance companies, securities dealers, tax-exempt organizations,
persons that hold Syngenta shares or Syngenta ADRs as part of an integrated
investment (including a straddle), persons owning, directly, indirectly or
constructively, 10% or more of the voting stock of Syngenta and persons whose
"functional currency" is not the U.S. dollar. This summary is based on
provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"),
Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial
interpretations thereof, all as now in effect, and all of which are subject to
change, possibly with retroactive effect. It is also based in part on
representations by the Depositary and assumes that each obligation under the
Deposit Agreement and any related agreements will be performed in accordance
with their terms. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisors as to the
tax considerations relevant to the ownership of Syngenta shares or ADRs in
light of their particular circumstances, including the effect of any state,
local or non-U.S. laws.
Distributions
A distribution received by a U.S. holder in respect of Syngenta shares or
Syngenta ADRs generally will be considered a taxable dividend to the extent
paid out of Syngenta's current or accumulated earnings and profits (as
determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes).
The gross amount of any taxable dividend (including any amount withheld in
respect of Swiss income taxes) will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as
ordinary foreign source dividend income, and will not be eligible for the
corporate dividends-received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporation
under the Code. Such dividends will constitute passive income for foreign tax
credit purposes. Taxable dividends paid in Swiss or other foreign currency will
be included in a U.S. holder's gross income in a U.S. dollar amount calculated
by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the dividend is
received by the U.S. holder, in the case of Syngenta shares, or by the
depositary, in the case of Syngenta ADRs. U.S. holders should consult their own
tax advisors concerning the possibility of foreign currency gain or loss if any
such Swiss or other foreign currency is not converted into U.S. dollars on the
date of receipt.
Subject to certain conditions and limitations under U.S. federal income
tax law, a U.S. holder will be eligible to claim a foreign tax credit for Swiss
withholding taxes imposed at the rate provided by the Swiss income tax treaty
with the United States on distributions by Syngenta in respect of its Syngenta
shares or Syngenta ADRs. Swiss taxes withheld in excess of the rate provided in
the Swiss income tax treaty with the United States will not be eligible for
credit against a U.S. holder's federal income tax liability. Alternatively, a
U.S. holder may choose to deduct such Swiss withholding taxes in computing its
U.S. federal taxable income (but only if such holder does not elect to claim a
foreign tax credit in respect to any foreign income taxes paid or incurred for
the taxable year). The U.S. federal income tax rules relating to foreign tax
credits are extremely complex. U.S. holders should consult their own tax
advisors concerning the availability of foreign tax credits based upon their
particular situations.
Dispositions
Upon a sale or other taxable disposition of Syngenta shares or Syngenta
ADRs, a U.S. holder will recognize gain or loss in an amount equal to the
difference between the amount realized on the disposition and the U.S. holder's
tax basis in the Syngenta shares or Syngenta ADRs. Such gain or loss will be
capital gain or loss, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the
Syngenta shares or Syngenta ADRs were held for more than one year at the time
of disposition. The deduction of capital losses is subject to certain
limitations under the Code. Any gain recognized by a U.S. holder on a sale or
other taxable disposition of Syngenta shares or Syngenta ADRs generally will be
treated as derived from U.S. sources for U.S. foreign tax credit purposes. No
gain or loss will be recognized if you exchange Syngenta ADRs for the
underlying Syngenta Shares they represent or Syngenta Shares for Syngenta ADRs.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Information reporting requirements may apply to a U.S. holder with respect
to distributions by Syngenta, or to the proceeds of a sale or redemption of
Syngenta shares or Syngenta ADRs. Backup withholding may apply to these
payments if the U.S. holder fails to furnish its correct taxpayer
identification number, to certify that such holder is not subject to backup
withholding, or to otherwise comply with the applicable requirements of the
backup withholding rules. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding
rules generally may be claimed as a credit against such holder's U.S. federal
income tax liability, and may entitle the holder to a refund, provided that the
required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
Where You Can Find More Information
We are subject to the informational reporting requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Accordingly, we will file reports
and other information with the Commission. Such reports and other information
may be inspected without charge, and copies thereof may be obtained at
prescribed rates from, the public reference facilities of the Commission's
principal office at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20549, United States
and at the Commission's regional offices at 500 West Madison Street, Suite
1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661, United States and at 233 Broadway, New York, New
York 10005, United States. The public may
74
obtain information on the operation of the Commission's public reference
facilities by calling the Commission in the United States at 1-800-SEC-0330. In
addition, this report and other information we file with the SEC are available
on the website maintained by it at http://www.sec.gov. Copies of reports and
other information concerning us are also available for inspection at the
offices of the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York
10005, United States.
75
ITEM 11 -- QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK
Overview
As a result of its global operating and financial activities, Syngenta is
exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates,
interest rates and, to a limited extent, commodity prices. Syngenta Group
Treasury actively manages the Group's exposures in foreign currency, interest
rates and credit risk with the intention of optimizing cash flows and to
minimize earnings volatility. In accordance with Syngenta's written treasury
policy, which was approved by the Board of Directors, Syngenta manages its
market risk exposures with a risk-averse approach through risk pooling,
insurance schemes and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of derivative
financial instruments. It is the policy of the Group not to enter into
derivative transactions for speculative purposes or purposes unrelated to the
operating business.
Syngenta manages all financial risks of the Group and monitors risk
exposures and open derivative transactions in accordance with Syngenta's
treasury policy. Details of the Group's derivative positions as at December 31,
2002 are set out in Note 31 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Sales and operating costs by currency for the year 2002 for Syngenta were
as follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales in % Operating costs in %
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Currency 2002 2001 2002 2001
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. dollar 35 32 27 27
Euro 23 23 24 23
Swiss franc 1 2 15 14
British pound sterling 2 2 15 15
Other 39 41 19 21
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 100 100 100 100
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other currencies include over 46 currencies, however, none of them account
for more than 10% of total sales or total operating costs. This currency
profile is expected to be representative of the position in 2003.
Fair values of open derivative instruments at December 31, 2002 were as
follows:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Positive Negative
Notional amounts fair value fair value
Instrument types US$ millions US$ millions US$ millions
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest rate instruments 1,516 38 (57)
Cross currency swaps 973 247 -
Foreign currency forward contracts 3,218 62 (37)
Currency option contracts 1,248 42 -
Commodity forward contracts 32 2 -
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Market Risk Due to Fluctuating Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
Since its formation on November 13, 2000, Syngenta has adopted the U.S.
dollar as its reporting currency. Committed foreign currency exposures are
generally fully covered and are managed by the use of financial instruments.
Syngenta collects information about expected cash flows for major currencies at
Group level and, based on monthly forecasts and detailed analyses, hedges
material mismatches in currency flows to reduce earnings volatility. The
transactional flows and derivative financial instruments are analyzed on an
ongoing basis and remaining currency exposures are closely monitored.
The Group's primary net foreign currency exposures against the U.S. dollar
include the Swiss franc, the British pound sterling and the euro.
The U.S. dollar equivalent of foreign currency sales and purchases are
sensitive to market fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. The Group
analyzes potential adverse exchange rate effects on sales and operating costs
given the prevailing currency mix.
Syngenta applies value-at-risk calculations to its currency exposures to
measure the maximum expected loss in value of its anticipated net transactional
currency flows under normal market conditions. Net transactional flows are
determined based on projected sales and operating and financial costs by
currency. Value-at-risk is calculated based on a simulation approach using
historical volatility and correlation as applied by the RiskMetrics Group. The
Group uses a 12-month time horizon given its specific cash flow structure,
payment terms and management processes.
The value-at-risk calculation is performed for anticipated net
transactional currency flows for 2003 for the Group taking into account related
currency hedges entered into. As of December 31, 2002, the total potential
adverse movement for 2003 net transactional flows after hedges relative to
year-end spot levels, at the 95% confidence level, will not exceed US$39
million. The
76
movement on transactional flows due to currency during 2002 was close to the
level stated in the 2001 report due to the significant strengthening of
European currencies in the second half of the year.
Market Risk Due to Fluctuating Interest Rates
Syngenta is exposed to fluctuations in interest rates on its borrowings.
The effective currency of the majority of the borrowings of the Group is U.S.
dollars after the impact of derivatives. The majority of the net borrowings of
the Group are subject to short-term interest rates, although some longer-term
swaps have been entered into to reduce interest rate volatility.
The Group analyzes its interest-bearing assets and liabilities with
respect to the next interest repricing date and classifies all items into time
intervals. Based on the prevailing fixed to floating ratio of net debt and the
repricing structure of interest-bearing assets and liabilities at December 31,
2002, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates across all currencies will
increase net interest expense by US$9 million for the next 12-month period when
keeping exchange rates unchanged.
Other Market Risk
Syngenta has only limited exposures with respect to derivatives relating
to commodity exposures and to equities held of third parties.
ITEM 12 -- DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 13 -- DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES
None.
ITEM 14 -- MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY
HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Not applicable.
ITEM 15 -- CONCLUSIONS AS TO DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND INTERNAL CONTROLS
Controls and Procedures
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures: The Company's Chief
Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, after evaluating the
effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(c) and 15d-14(c)) as of
a date within ninety days of the filing date of this annual report, have
concluded that as of such date the Company's disclosure controls and procedures
were adequate and effective and designed to ensure that material information
relating to the Company and its subsidiaries would be made known to such
officers on a timely basis.
(b) Changes in internal controls: There have been no significant changes
(including corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies or
material weaknesses) in our internal controls or other factors that could
significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of the evaluation
referenced in paragraph (a) above.
ITEM 16 -- [RESERVED]
Not applicable.
77
PART III
ITEM 17 -- FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
We have responded to Item 18 in lieu of responding to this item.
ITEM 18 -- FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The following financial statements, together with the Report of
Independent Auditors thereon of February 19, 2003 and of the Joint Group
Auditors thereon of February 27, 2002, are filed as part of this annual report:
Page
----
Report of Independent Auditors........................ F-2
Report of the Joint Group Auditors.................... F-3
Consolidated Income Statement......................... F-4
Consolidated Balance Sheet............................ F-5
Consolidated Cash Flow Statement...................... F-6
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity........... F-7
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements........ F-9
78
ITEM 19 -- EXHIBITS
The following documents are exhibits to this annual report:
Exhibit Number Description of Document
-------------- -----------------------
1.1 English Translation of the Articles of Incorporation
(Satzung) of Syngenta AG*
2.1 Deposit Agreement between The Bank of New York and Syngenta
AG**
2.2 Deed of Trust among Syngenta Luxembourg Finance (#2) S.A.,
Syngenta AG and J.P. Morgan Trustee Depositary Company
Limited, as Trustee
4.1 Indemnity Matters Agreement dated September 12, 2000
between AstraZeneca PLC and Syngenta AG*
4.2 Indemnity Matters Agreement dated September 12, 2000
between Novartis AG and Syngenta AG*
4.3 Public Documentation and Securities Offering Contribution
Agreement dated September 12, 2000 among Novartis AG,
AstraZeneca PLC and Syngenta AG*
4.4 Environmental Matters Agreement dated September 12, 2000
between Syngenta AG and AstraZeneca PLC*
4.5 Environmental Matters Agreement dated September 12, 2000
between Syngenta AG and Novartis AG*
4.6 Environmental Matters Agreement dated September 12, 2000
among Zeneca AG Products Holdings Inc. and Zeneca Holdings
Inc. and Stauffer Management Company*
4.7 Environmental Matters Agreement dated September 12, 2000
between Syngenta Crop Protection Inc., Novartis Corporation
and Novartis Agribusiness Holding, Inc.*
4.8 Tax Deed dated September 12, 2000 between Novartis AG and
Syngenta AG*
4.9 Tax Deed dated September 12, 2000 between AstraZeneca PLC
and Syngenta AG*
4.10 Assignment of Intellectual Property Rights Excluding Rights
in Software dated January 4, 2000 between Zeneca Limited
and AstraZeneca UK Limited*
4.11 Assignment of Intellectual Property Rights in Software
dated January 4, 2000 between Zeneca Limited and
AstraZeneca UK Limited*
4.12 License of Intellectual Property Rights Excluding Rights in
Trade Marks and Software dated January 4, 2000 between
AstraZeneca UK Limited and Zeneca Limited*
4.13 License of Intellectual Property Rights Excluding Rights in
Trade Marks and Software dated January 4, 2000 between
Zeneca Limited and AstraZeneca UK Limited*
4.14 Trade Mark License dated January 4, 2000 between
AstraZeneca UK Limited and Zeneca Limited*
4.15 Software License dated January 4, 2000 between AstraZeneca
UK Limited and Zeneca Limited*
4.16 General Principles for the Separation of Intellectual
Property between Novartis and Novartis Agribusiness
(Syngenta)*
4.17 Pension Transfer Agreement dated August 2, 2000 among
Zeneca Pensions Trustee Limited, AstraZeneca PLC, Zeneca
Agrochemicals Pensions Trustee Limited and Zeneca Limited*
------------------
* Exhibits incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form
F-4 filed September 12, 2000 (File No. 333-125222)
** Exhibits incorporated by reference to the Annual Report on Form 20-F filed
June 8, 2001 (File No. 333-12640)
79
Exhibit Number Description of Document
-------------- -----------------------
4.18 Confidentiality and Supply of Information Agreement dated
September 12, 2000 among Novartis AG, AstraZeneca PLC and
Syngenta AG*
4.19 Master Sharing Agreement dated September 12, 2000 between
Novartis AG and Syngenta AG*
4.20 Master Sharing Agreement dated September 12, 2000 between
AstraZeneca UK Limited and Zeneca Limited*
4.21 Syndicated Facility Agreement dated September 7, 2000 among
Syngenta AG as Original Borrower and Guarantor, Citibank,
N.A., Credit Suisse First Boston and HSBC Investment Bank
plc as Lead Arrangers, HSBC Investment Bank plc as Agent,
HSBC Bank USA as Swingline Agent and Citibank, N.A., Credit
Suisse First Boston and HSBC Bank plc as Banks*
4.22 Club Facility Agreement dated September 7, 2000 among
Syngenta AG as Original Borrower and Guarantor, Citibank,
N.A., Credit Suisse First Boston and HSBC Investment Bank
plc as Lead Arrangers, HSBC Investment Bank plc as Agent
and Citibank, N.A., Credit Suisse First Boston and HSBC
Bank plc as Banks*
4.23 Option Agreement dated November 10, 2000 among Syngenta AG,
Novartis Holding AG, Novartis Research Foundation, Novartis
Employee Participation Foundation, Credit Suisse First
Boston (Europe) Limited, UBS AG, acting through its
business group UBS Warburg, and the other Managers named
therein***
4.24 Syngenta Executive Stock Option Plan****
4.25 Syngenta Deferred Share Plan****
8.1 Subsidiaries of Syngenta AG++
10.1 Form of Certification by CEO and CFO pursuant to Section 906
10.2 Consent of Ernst & Young Ltd
10.3 Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers AG and KPMG Fides Peat
-------------------------
* Exhibits incorporated by reference to the Registration Statement on Form
F-4 filed September 12, 2000 (File No. 333-125222)
*** Exhibit incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 3 to the Registration
Statement on Form F-1 filed November 8, 2000 (File No. 333-12640)
**** Exhibit incorporated by reference to Registration Statement on Form S-8
filed December 12, 2002 (File No. 333-101784)
++ The subsidiaries of Syngenta are set forth in Note 32 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements in the annual report
80
SYNGENTA AG
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
Page
----
Report of Independent Auditors........................................ F-2
Report of the Joint Group Auditors.................................... F-3
Consolidated Income Statement......................................... F-4
Consolidated Balance Sheet............................................ F-5
Consolidated Cash Flow Statement...................................... F-6
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity........................... F-7
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements........................ F-9
F-1
Report of Independent Auditors
To the General Meeting of the Shareholders of
Syngenta AG, Basel
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Syngenta AG as
of December 31, 2002, and the related consolidated income statement,
consolidated statement of changes in equity, and consolidated cash flow
statement for the year then ended. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an
opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted
in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the
audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis,
evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An
audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant
estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial
statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis
for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in
all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Syngenta AG at
December 31, 2002, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash
flows for the year then ended in conformity with International Financial
Reporting Standards.
International Financial Reporting Standards vary in certain respects from
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The application
of the latter would have affected the determination of the consolidated net
loss of Syngenta AG for the year ended December 31, 2002, and of consolidated
shareholders' equity as of December 31, 2002, to the extent summarized in Note
33 of the consolidated financial statements.
Ernst & Young Ltd
Conrad Loffel Jurg Zurcher
Certified Accountant Certified Accountant
Basel (Switzerland), February 19, 2003
F-2
Report of the Joint Group Auditors
To the General Meeting of the Shareholders of
Syngenta AG, Basel
As Joint Group Auditors, we have audited the accompanying consolidated
financial statements (consolidated income statements, balance sheets, cash flow
statements, statements of changes in equity and notes) of Syngenta AG for each
of the two years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000.
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Board of
Directors. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated
financial statements based on our audits. We confirm that we meet the legal
requirements concerning professional qualification and independence.
Our audits were conducted in accordance with auditing standards promulgated by
the Swiss profession, with the International Standards on Auditing issued by
the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), and the auditing standards
generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement. We
have examined, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures
in the consolidated financial statements. We have also assessed the accounting
principles used, significant estimates made and the overall consolidated
financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the 2001 and 2000 consolidated financial statements referred to
above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of
Syngenta AG as of December 31, 2001 and 2000 and the results of operations and
the cash flows for each of the two years ended December 31, 2001 and 2000 in
accordance with International Accounting Standards and comply with Swiss law.
International Accounting Standards vary in certain significant respects from
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The
application of the latter would have affected the determination of the
consolidated net income of Syngenta AG for each of the two years ended December
31, 2001 and 2000 and of the consolidated shareholders' equity as of December
31, 2001 and 2000 to the extent summarized in Note 33 to the consolidated
financial statements.
We recommend that the consolidated financial statements submitted to you be
approved.
PricewaterhouseCoopers AG KPMG Fides Peat
Clive Bellingham Gerd Tritschler Christopher Stirling Erik F. J. Willems
Basel, February 27, 2002 Zurich, February 27,2002
Note: International Accounting Standards issued by the International Accounting
Standards Board (IASB) are now referred to International Financial Reporting
Standards (IFRS).
F-3
Consolidated Income Statement
(for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million, except per share amounts) Notes 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales 4/5 6,197 6,323 4,876
Cost of goods sold (3,132) (3,199) (2,442)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 3,065 3,124 2,434
Marketing and distribution (1,146) (1,178) (989)
Research and development (697) (723) (537)
General and administrative (582) (581) (364)
Merger and restructuring costs, net of divestment gains 6 (396) (277) 456
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 244 365 1,000
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures 15 (7) (5) (1)
Financial expense, net 7 (188) (249) (85)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income before taxes and minority interests 49 111 914
Income tax expense 8 (70) (76) (340)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income/(loss) before minority interests (21) 35 574
Minority interests (6) (1) (10)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income/(loss) (27) 34 564
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share (US$) 9 (0.26) 0.34 7.61
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted average number of shares, basic and diluted (millions of
shares) 102 101 74
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The accompanying notes form an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
F-4
Consolidated Balance Sheet
(at December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) Notes 2002 2001 2000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents 232 288 756
Trade receivables 10 1,602 1,860 2,004
Other accounts receivable 10 243 242 300
Other current assets 11 516 214 163
Inventories 12 1,704 1,716 1,921
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current assets 4,297 4,320 5,144
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment 13 2,310 2,348 2,649
Intangible assets 14 2,813 3,004 2,978
Investments in associates and joint ventures 15 95 103 112
Deferred tax assets 16 666 666 639
Other financial assets 17 345 268 293
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total non-current assets 6,229 6,389 6,671
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL ASSETS 10,526 10,709 11,815
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Trade accounts payable (725) (687) (637)
Current financial debts 18 (1,207) (1,420) (3,085)
Income taxes payable (210) (220) (336)
Other current liabilities 19 (794) (882) (1,013)
Provisions 21 (222) (231) (286)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current liabilities (3,158) (3,440) (5,357)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non-current liabilities
Non-current financial debts 20 (925) (1,116) (100)
Deferred tax liabilities 16 (1,098) (1,159) (1,270)
Other non-current liabilities - - (84)
Provisions 21 (915) (835) (693)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total non-current liabilities (2,938) (3,110) (2,147)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commitments and contingencies 29 - - -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities (6,096) (6,550) (7,504)
Minority interests (80) (73) (101)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shareholders' equity
Issued share capital 112,564,584 ordinary shares (667) (667) (667)
Retained earnings (225) (280) (249)
Reserves (3,970) (3,657) (3,818)
Treasury shares: 11,023,465 ordinary shares 512 518 524
(2001: 11,131,664; 2000: 11,255,000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total equity (4,350) (4,086) (4,210)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY (10,526) (10,709) (11,815)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The accompanying notes form an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
F-5
Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
(for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) Notes 2002 2001(1) 2000(1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 244 365 1,000
Reversal of non-cash items:
Depreciation, amortization and impairment on
Property, plant and equipment 13 374 344 208
Intangible assets 14 282 232 105
Loss/(gain) on disposal of non-current assets (26) (66) (785)
Charges in respect of provisions 21 432 452 358
Cash (paid)/received in respect of:
Interest and other financial receipts 181 70 21
Interest and other financial payments (398) (260) (103)
Taxation (191) (258) (170)
Merger and restructuring costs 21,22 (246) (352) (138)
Contributions to pension schemes (209) (53) (15)
Other provisions 21 (49) (64) (26)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flow before working capital changes 394 410 455
Change in net current assets and other operating cash flows 24 408 138 155
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flow from operating activities 802 548 610
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Additions to property, plant and equipment 13 (165) (253) (185)
Proceeds from business divestments 25 11 195 825
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment 54 12 50
Purchase of intangibles, investments in associates and other financial
assets (166) (57) (52)
Proceeds from disposal of intangible and financial assets 6 12 20
Business acquisitions (net of cash acquired) 25 - (4) 387
Acquisition of minorities 25 - (27) -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flow from/(used for) investing activities (260) (122) 1,045
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net change in Novartis AG debt - (125) (1,371)
Increases in other third-party interest-bearing debt 511 1,240 2,436
Repayment of third-party interest-bearing debt (1,067) (1,849) (1,258)
Repayment of debts factored with recourse - (137) -
Sale/(purchase) of treasury shares 3 3 (524)
Merger transaction costs - - (68)
Net transfers to Novartis AG other than in respect of interest-bearing
debt - - (183)
Dividends paid to group shareholders (48) - -
Dividends paid to minorities (6) - -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash flow from/(used for) financing activities (607) (868) (968)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net effect of currency translation on cash and cash equivalents 9 (26) (42)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (56) (468) 645
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year 288 756 111
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year 232 288 756
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The accompanying notes form an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
___________________
(1) Comparative 2001 and 2000 data have been reclassified to align them with
the new format of the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement.
F-6
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
(for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) Par value
of Total
ordinary Additional Fair Cumulative Novartis Treasury share-
shares Retained paid-in value translation net shares, holder's
(Note 23) earnings capital reserves adjustment investment at cost equity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1, 2000 (228) 2,709 2,481
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income prior to separation from 315 315
Novartis AG
Net transfers to Novartis AG (183) (183)
Contribution to capital of remaining
Novartis AG net investment, as
of
separation 407 2,434 (2,841) -
Issuance of shares of common stock,
in consideration for Zeneca
agrochemicals business 260 1,685 1,945
Purchase of treasury shares (524) (524)
Net income after separation 249 249
Translation effects (73) (73)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2000 667 249 4,119 (301) - (524) 4,210
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income 34 34
Gains and losses recognized directly
in equity:
Unrealized holding gains/(losses) on
available-for-sale financial
assets (11) (11)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on
derivatives designated as cash
flow hedges (17) (17)
Issue of shares under employee share
purchase plan (3) 6 3
Translation effects (133) (133)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2001 667 280 4,119 (28) (434) - (518) 4,086
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss (27) (27)
Issue of shares under employee share
purchase plan (3) 6 3
Dividends paid to group shareholders (48) (48)
Gains and losses recognized directly
in equity:
Unrealized holding gains/(losses) on
available-for-sale financial
assets (40) (40)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on
derivatives designated as cash
flow hedges 30 30
Deferred tax on tax effected items
posted to equity 23 11 34
Translation effects 312 312
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2002 667 225 4,119 (27) (122) - (512) 4,350
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The accompanying notes form an integral part of the consolidated financial
statements.
Total recognized gains and losses, representing the total of net income and
gains and losses recognized directly in shareholders' equity, for the years
ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, were US$306 million, US$(130) million
and US$491 million, respectively.
The amount available for dividend distribution is based on Syngenta AG's
shareholders' equity determined in accordance with the legal provisions of the
Swiss Code of Obligations. US$135 million of the additional paid in capital is
not available for distribution.
On April 26, 2002, a dividend of CHF 0.80 per share was paid in respect of
2001.
The Board of Directors proposes a dividend in respect of 2002 of CHF 0.85 per
share totaling CHF 95 million on all shares in issue at December 31, 2002. The
dividend attributable to the treasury shares under the control of Syngenta at
the date of the dividend payment will be waived, and therefore reduce the total
dividend payment made, but not the amount of dividend per share. As at December
31, 2002, the number of treasury shares under the control of Syngenta was
11,023,465 shares.
F-7
The following summarizes the movements on the cash flow hedge reserve:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1 (17) -
Gain recognized in equity on initial adoption of IAS 39 - 4
Gains/(losses) recognized in equity during the period 69 (27)
(Gains)/losses removed from equity and reported in net income during the period (43) 6
(Gains)/losses removed from equity and adjusted against carrying amount of related asset or liability 4 -
Deferred tax (1) -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 12 (17)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following summarizes the movements on the fair value reserve for
available-for-sale financial instruments:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1 (11) -
Gains/(losses) recognized in equity during the period (40) (11)
Gains/(losses) removed from equity and reported in net income during the period - -
Deferred tax 12 -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 (39) (11)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement
1. Basis of preparation of the consolidated financial statements
Nature of operations
The Syngenta Group ("Syngenta") is a world leading crop protection and seeds
business that is involved in the discovery, development, manufacture and
marketing of a range of agricultural products designed to improve crop yields
and food quality.
Basis of preparation of the financial statements
Syngenta is headquartered in Basel, Switzerland and was formed by Novartis AG
("Novartis") and AstraZeneca PLC ("AstraZeneca") through an agreement to
spin-off and merge the Novartis Crop Protection and Seeds businesses with the
Zeneca agrochemicals business to create a dedicated agribusiness company whose
shares were then the subject of a global offering (the "Transactions").
Following the Transactions, Syngenta has operated as an independent company. As
used herein, references to Novartis agribusiness include the historical
operating results and activities of the Novartis Crop Protection and Seeds
businesses and operations until November 13, 2000, the date of legal separation
(the "Separation Date"), upon which date Syngenta began operations as an
independent company.
For periods prior to the Separation Date, the consolidated financial statements
reflect the historical results of operations and cash flows of Novartis
agribusiness. Up to the Separation Date, certain expenses reflected in the
consolidated financial statements include an allocation of corporate expenses
by Novartis for general and administrative services, including finance, legal,
information technology, personnel benefits, and facilities (see Note 28). Such
expenses were allocated based on sales. Management believes that the foregoing
allocations were made on a reasonable basis; however, the allocations of costs
and expenses do not necessarily indicate the costs that would have been or are
being incurred by Syngenta on a stand-alone basis. In addition, the financial
statements for 2000 may not necessarily reflect what the financial position,
results of operations or cash flows would have been if Syngenta had been a
separate stand-alone company prior to the Separation Date.
The merger of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals business has been
accounted for as a purchase business combination. The assets acquired and
liabilities assumed from AstraZeneca for Zeneca agrochemicals business were
recorded at their estimated fair value on the Separation Date. The results of
operations and cash flows attributable to Zeneca agrochemicals business have
been included in the consolidated financial statements from the Separation Date
onwards.
In certain cases the disclosures of comparative 2001 and 2000 figures have been
expanded in relation to those provided in the 2001 consolidated financial
statements to give a more thorough presentation.
2. Accounting policies
The consolidated financial statements of Syngenta have been prepared in
accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which
comprise standards and interpretations approved by the International Accounting
Standards Board (IASB), and International Accounting Standards and Standing
Interpretations Committee (SIC) interpretations approved by the International
Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) that remain in effect. The consolidated
financial statements have been prepared on an historical cost basis, except for
the measurement at fair value of investment properties, derivative financial
instruments and available-for-sale financial assets. These principles differ in
certain significant respects from generally accepted accounting principles in
the United States ("U.S. GAAP"). Application of U.S. GAAP would have affected
shareholders' equity and net income for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001
and 2000 as detailed in Note 33 to the consolidated financial statements.
The consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars
("US$" or "U.S. dollars") as this is the major currency in which revenues are
denominated.
The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates
and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and
disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimated.
Scope of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of
Syngenta AG, a company domiciled in Switzerland, and all of its subsidiaries
(together referred to as "Syngenta") and Syngenta's interest in associates and
joint ventures.
The consolidated financial statements include all operations and net assets
which were transferred from Novartis, and all operations and net assets
acquired from AstraZeneca from the Separation Date, as described in Notes 1 and
3, and the effect of subsequent acquisitions and divestments as detailed in
Note 3.
Principles of consolidation
The annual closing date of the consolidated financial statements is December
31.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are those entities in which Syngenta has an interest of more than
one half of the voting rights or otherwise has power to exercise control.
Control exists when Syngenta has the power, indirectly or directly, to govern
the financial and operating policies of an enterprise so as to obtain benefits
from its activities. Companies acquired or disposed of during the period are
included in the consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition
or up to the date of disposal.
F-9
Associates and joint ventures
Associates are those enterprises in which Syngenta has significant influence,
but not control, over the financial and operating policies and in which
Syngenta generally has an equity investment of between 20% and 50%. Joint
ventures are those enterprises over whose activities Syngenta has joint
control, established by contractual agreement. The consolidated financial
statements include Syngenta's share of the total recognized gains and losses of
associates and joint ventures on an equity accounted basis from the date that
significant influence or joint control commences until the date that
significant influence ceases.
Other investments
Other investments held by Syngenta are classified as being available-for-sale
and are stated at fair value, with any resultant unrealized gain or loss
resulting from revaluing the investment to fair value being recognized in
shareholders' equity. In the event of a disposal of an investment, accumulated
unrealized gains or losses are transferred from equity and recognized in the
income statement in the period in which the disposal occurs. In the event that
an investment is considered to be impaired, accumulated unrealized losses are
transferred from equity and recognized as an expense in the income statement.
Transactions eliminated on consolidation
Intercompany income and expenses, including unrealized profits from internal
Syngenta transactions, and intercompany receivables and payables have been
eliminated.
Revenue recognition
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognized in the income statement when the
significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer,
which is usually on delivery, at a fixed and determinable price, and when
collectibility is reasonably assured. Revenue is reported net of sales taxes,
returns, discounts and rebates. Rebates to customers are provided for in the
same period that the related sales are recorded based on the contract terms.
Provisions for estimated returns and allowances are recorded at the time of the
sale based on historical rates of returns as a percentage of sales.
Foreign currencies
The consolidated financial statements are expressed in U.S. dollars; however,
the local currency has primarily been used as the measurement currency by each
operating unit.
In the respective local financial statements used to prepare these consolidated
financial statements, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign
currencies are translated at the rate prevailing at the balance sheet date.
Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, which
are stated at historical cost, are translated into local currency at the
foreign exchange rate ruling at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency
transactions are translated to the relevant local currency at the exchange rate
prevailing at the date of the transaction. With the exception of unrealized
gains or losses related to equity loans and hedging arrangements for which
reserve accounting is permitted under IAS 39, all resulting foreign exchange
transaction gains and losses are recognized in the local income statements.
Income, expense and cash flows of foreign operations included in the
consolidated financial statements whose measurement currency is that of a
hyperinflationary economy, have been translated into U.S. dollars using
exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Income, expense and cash
flows of other foreign operations included in the consolidated financial
statements have been translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates
prevailing during the period. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations
are translated to U.S. dollars at foreign exchange rates prevailing at the
balance sheet date. Foreign exchange differences arising on these translations
are recognized directly in equity.
At December 31, 2001, Syngenta followed the guidelines issued by the IASB in
respect of the devaluation of the Argentinean peso. In the local financial
statements, U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities were translated at
open market rates prevailing when currency markets were reopened in early
January 2002, or at exchange rates prescribed by the Argentinian Government
where these were different. The impact of revaluation was taken to the income
statement.
Subsequent to the Separation Date, Syngenta has denominated goodwill and fair
value adjustments arising on acquisitions in U.S. dollars.
Research and development
Research and development expenses are fully charged to the income statement
when incurred. Syngenta considers that the regulatory and other uncertainties
inherent in the development of its key new products preclude it from
capitalizing development costs.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with original
maturities of three months or less, which are readily convertible to known
amounts of cash.
Trade and other accounts receivable
The reported values represent the invoiced amounts, less adjustments for
doubtful receivables.
F-10
In certain markets, factoring is within the normal course of business. Where
receivables are factored without recourse to Syngenta, the relevant receivable
is derecognized and cash recorded. Where receivables are factored with full or
partial recourse to Syngenta, the receivable is not derecognized and a
liability reflecting the obligation to the factor is recorded within financial
debts until Syngenta's liability is discharged through the factor receiving
payment from the customer.
Inventories
Purchased products are valued at acquisition cost while own-manufactured
products are valued at manufacturing cost including related production
expenses. In the balance sheet, inventory is primarily valued at standard cost,
which approximates to historical cost determined on a first-in-first-out basis,
and this value is used for the cost of goods sold in the income statement.
Allowances have been made for inventories with a lower net realizable value or
which are slow moving. Unsaleable inventory has been fully written off.
Property, plant and equipment
Property, plant and equipment have been valued at acquisition or production
costs, less accumulated depreciation and any impairment losses. Depreciation is
charged on a straight-line basis to the income statement over the following
estimated useful lives:
Buildings 20 to 40 years
Machinery and equipment 10 to 20 years
Furniture and vehicles 5 to 10 years
Computer hardware 3 to 7 years
Land is valued at acquisition cost except if held under long-term lease
arrangements, when it is amortized over the life of the lease. The land held
under long-term lease agreements relates to upfront payments to lease land on
which certain of Syngenta's buildings are located. The buildings related to the
long-term lease agreements are depreciated over the lesser of the life of the
lease and that of the related assets. Additional costs, which extend the useful
life of the property, plant and equipment, are capitalized. Financing costs
associated with the construction of property, plant and equipment are not
capitalized. Property, plant and equipment which are financed by leases giving
rights to use the assets as if owned are capitalized at their estimated cost
(at the lower of fair value and the present value of minimum lease payments) at
the inception of the lease, and depreciated in the same manner as other
property, plant and equipment over the lesser of the remaining lease term or
estimated useful life.
Intangible assets
Intangible assets are valued at cost less accumulated amortization and any
impairment losses. In the case of business combinations, the excess of the
purchase price over the fair value of net identifiable assets acquired is
recorded in the balance sheet as goodwill. Goodwill is amortized to income on a
straight-line basis over its useful life and is included within general and
administrative expenses in the income statement. The amortization period is
determined at the time of the acquisition, based upon the particular
circumstances, reviewed annually and ranges from 5 to 20 years. Goodwill
relating to acquisitions arising prior to January 1, 1995 has been fully
written off against shareholders' equity.
Management determines the estimated useful life of goodwill based on its
evaluation of the respective operations at the time of their acquisition,
considering factors such as existing market share, potential sales growth and
other factors inherent in the acquired companies.
Other acquired intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over
the following periods:
Product rights and related supply agreements 5 to 20 years
Trademarks 10 to 20 years
Software 3 to 5 years
Others 3 to 15 years
Trademarks are amortized on a straight line basis over their estimated economic
or legal life, whichever is shorter. Useful lives assigned to acquired product
rights are based on the maturity of the product and the estimated economic
benefit that such product rights can provide.
Any value attributable to long-term supply agreements at preferential terms is
amortized as part of cost of goods sold over the period of the supply
agreement.
Impairment
Non-current assets, including recognized intangibles and goodwill, are reviewed
at each balance sheet date to determine whether events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be
recoverable. If any such indication exists, Syngenta estimates the asset's
recoverable amount as the higher of net selling price and value-in-use and
recognizes an impairment loss in the income statement for the amount by which
the asset's carrying value exceeds its recoverable amount. Value-in-use is
estimated as the present value of future cash flows expected to result from the
use of the asset and its eventual disposal, to which an appropriate pre-tax
discount rate is applied. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are
grouped at the lowest level for which there are separately identifiable cash
flows. In 2002, the discount rates utilized were between 13% and 16%.
Considerable management judgment is necessary to estimate discounted future
cash flows. Accordingly, actual results could vary from such estimates.
Income taxes
Income taxes for the year comprise current and deferred tax, using rates
enacted or substantially enacted at the balance sheet date.
F-11
Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year
and any adjustments to tax payable in respect of previous years. Deferred tax
is recognized based on the balance sheet liability method, calculated on
temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their
carrying amounts in the financial statements.
Deferred tax is provided on temporary differences arising from investments
in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, except where the timing of the
reversal of the temporary difference can be controlled and it is probable that
the difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets
are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit
will be available against which the asset can be utilized. Deferred tax assets
are reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent that it is not probable that
the related tax benefit will be realized.
Dividends
Dividends are recorded in the consolidated financial statements in the
period in which they are approved by the shareholders of Syngenta AG.
Cash dividends are payable to holders of shares listed on the Swiss Stock
Exchange, the OM Stockholm Stock Exchange, the London Stock Exchange and the
New York Stock Exchange, and will be paid in Swiss francs, Swedish krona,
British pounds sterling and U.S. dollars, respectively.
Treasury shares
Share capital includes the par value of treasury shares held by the
Syngenta Group which have not been cancelled. Treasury shares are shown as a
separate component of equity and stated at the amount paid to acquire them.
Differences between this amount and the amount received on the disposal of
treasury shares are recorded as a movement in consolidated equity.
Borrowings
Borrowings are recognized initially at the proceeds received, net of
transaction costs incurred. In subsequent periods, borrowings are stated at
amortized cost using the effective yield method except where subject to a fair
value hedge relationship. Borrowing costs are charged to income as incurred.
Financial instruments
Financial liabilities are stated at amortized cost. Financial assets are
stated initially at cost and subsequently restated to fair value at each
reporting date.
Syngenta uses various derivative financial instruments to manage its
foreign currency and interest rate exposures, and certain commodities
exposures. Syngenta has established policies and procedures for risk assessment
and approval, reporting and monitoring of financial derivative instruments.
Syngenta does not enter into speculative or derivative transactions not
related to the operating business.
Foreign exchange forward contracts, which cover existing foreign currency
balance sheet exposure, are recorded at fair value, and related foreign
currency gains and losses are included in "financial expense, net" within the
income statement.
Movements in fair value of financial instruments that hedge risks related
to forecast transactions are recognized in shareholders' equity until such time
as the corresponding hedged transaction occurs. At this time, the cumulative
movement in fair value of the hedge is transferred to net income. Subsequent
movements in fair value of such hedges are dealt with in net income. Realized
and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts
designated as specific hedges of anticipated purchases and sales in foreign
currency are recognized in the same period that the foreign currency flows are
recognized. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on forward starting
interest rate swaps designated as hedges are recognized over the same period
that the interest expense of the forecasted financing transactions is
recognized in the income statement.
The fair value of publicly traded derivatives and available-for-sale
securities is based on quoted market prices of the specific instruments held at
the balance sheet date. The fair value of interest rate swaps is calculated as
the present value of the estimated future cash flows. The fair value of forward
foreign exchange contracts is determined using forward exchange market rates at
the balance sheet date.
In assessing the fair value of non-traded derivatives and other financial
instruments, the Group uses a variety of methods and makes assumptions that are
based on market conditions existing at each balance sheet date. Other
techniques, such as option pricing models, are used to determine fair value for
the remaining financial instruments.
When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer
meets the criteria for cash flow hedge accounting, any cumulative unrealized
gain or loss on the hedging instrument at that time remains in shareholders'
equity. The gain or loss is recognized in the income statement when the
committed or forecasted transaction is recognized in the income statement.
However, if a committed or forecasted transaction is no longer expected to
occur, the cumulative unrealized gain or loss on the hedging instrument is
immediately recorded in the income statement.
Syngenta documents the relationship between a hedging instrument and the
related hedged item, as well as risk management objectives and the strategy for
undertaking each hedge transaction, at the inception of the transactions. Hedge
effectiveness is assessed and reviewed both at the inception of the hedge and
on an ongoing basis by determining whether the financial instruments used are
highly effective in offsetting changes in fair value or cash flows of hedged
items.
F-12
IAS 39, "Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement" became
effective for Syngenta on January 1, 2001. As a result, upon adoption,
unrealized gains and losses on derivative financial instruments designated as
hedges of anticipated transactions were recorded as derivative assets or
derivative liabilities in the balance sheet and in the cash flow hedge reserve
in shareholders' equity. The adoption of IAS 39 resulted in the inclusion of a
cash flow hedge reserve in equity of approximately US$4 million on a pre-tax
basis and approximately US$3 million on an after-tax basis.
Provisions
A provision is recognized in the balance sheet when Syngenta has a legal
or constructive obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that
an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. If
the effect of discounting is material, provisions are determined by discounting
the expected value of future cash flows at a pre-tax rate that reflects current
market assessments of the time value of money and, where appropriate, the risks
specific to the liability. Where some or all of the expenditure required to
settle a provision is expected to be reimbursed by another party, the
reimbursement is recognized only when reimbursement is virtually certain. The
amount to be reimbursed is recognized as a separate asset. Where Syngenta has a
joint and several liability with one or more other parties, no provision is
recognized to the extent that those other parties are expected to settle part
or all of the obligation.
Environmental provisions
Syngenta is exposed to environmental liabilities relating to its past
operations, principally in respect of remediation costs. Provisions for
non-recurring remediation costs are made when there is a present obligation, it
is probable that expense on remediation work will be required within ten years
(or a longer period if specified by a legal obligation) and the cost can be
estimated within a reasonable range of possible outcomes. The costs are based
on currently available facts, the technology expected to be available at the
time of the clean-up, laws and regulations presently or virtually certain to be
enacted, and prior experience in remediation of contaminated sites.
Environmental liabilities are recorded at the estimated amount at which the
liability could be settled at the balance sheet date.
Restructuring provisions
A provision for restructuring is recognized when Syngenta has approved a
detailed and formal restructuring plan and the restructuring has either
commenced or been announced publicly. Costs relating to the ongoing activities
of Syngenta are not recognized until they have been incurred.
Pension funds, post-retirement benefits, other long-term employee benefits and
employee share participation plans
(a) Defined benefit pension plans
The liability in respect of defined benefit pension plans represents the
defined benefit obligation calculated annually by independent actuaries using
the projected unit credit method.
The defined benefit obligation is measured at the present value of the
estimated future cash flows. The charge for such arrangements, representing the
benefit expense less employee contributions, is included in the personnel
expenses of the various functions where the employees are located. Plan assets
are recorded at their fair values. Significant gains or losses arising from
experience effects and changes in actuarial assumptions are charged or credited
to income over the service lives of the related employees to the extent to
which they fall outside the 10% corridor permitted under IAS 19 (revised 2002).
Where Syngenta employees have participated in arrangements sponsored by
Novartis AG, Syngenta's share of the defined benefit obligation, plan assets
and unrecognized gains and losses have been included in the financial
statements at best estimates of Syngenta's share of the total plan and the
amounts expected to be transferred to Syngenta. Up to the Separation Date these
plans were accounted for as multi-employer plans since the Syngenta share of
the assets still had to be determined. As a result, the contributions to these
plans represent the pension expense for the period up to the Separation Date.
(b) Post-retirement benefits other than pensions
Certain operations provide healthcare and insurance benefits for a portion
of their retired employees and their eligible dependents.
The liability in respect of these benefits represents the defined benefit
obligation calculated annually by independent actuaries using the projected
unit credit method. The defined benefit obligation is measured at the present
value of the future cash flows. The benefit expense is included in the
personnel expenses of the various functions. Significant gains or losses
arising from experience effects and changes in actuarial assumptions are
charged or credited to income over the service lives of the related employees
to the extent to which they fall outside the 10% corridor permitted under IAS
19 (revised 2002).
(c) Other long-term employee benefits
Other long-term employee benefits represent amounts due to employees under
deferred compensation arrangements mandated by certain jurisdictions in which
Syngenta conducts its operations. Benefit cost is recognized on an accrual
basis in the personnel expenses of the various functions where the employees
are located. The related obligation is presented within provisions in the
consolidated balance sheet.
(d) Employee share participation plans
No compensation cost is recognized in the financial statements for options
or shares granted to employees from employee share participation plans.
F-13
(e) Change in accounting policy
With effect from January 1, 2002, Syngenta has adopted IAS 19 (revised
2002) relating to employee benefits. The change introduced additional
requirements for immediate recognition of actuarial gains and losses in the
income statement, in situations where the maximum limit on pension asset
balance recognition under paragraph 58 of IAS 19 applies. Restatement of prior
year amounts is not applicable to this change and no restatement has been made.
3. Changes in the scope of consolidation
The following significant changes were made during 2002, 2001 and 2000:
Acquisitions 2002
On June 26, 2002, additional shares in Wilson Genetics LLC (USA) were
acquired, increasing Syngenta's shareholding from 50% to 100%. On July 1, 2002,
additional shares in Orynova K.K. (Japan) were acquired, increasing Syngenta's
shareholding to 100% from 50%. These acquisitions were accounted for under the
purchase method. The aggregate consideration paid was less than US$1 million.
Acquisitions 2001
On January 1, 2001, 100% of Pollen Ltd. (Kenya) was acquired; on January
30, 2001, additional shares were acquired in Syngenta Crop Protection Sdn. Bhd.
(Malaysia), increasing Syngenta's shareholding to 85% from 51%; on July 1,
2001, voting control was acquired over additional shares in Syngenta Crop
Protection Ltd. (Thailand), increasing Syngenta's shareholding to 100% from
50%; on October 12, 2001, additional shares were acquired in CC Benoist SA
(France), increasing Syngenta's shareholding to 100% from 44%, and on September
1, 2001, additional shares were acquired in Tomono Agrica K.K. (Japan),
increasing Syngenta's shareholding to 100% from 50%. In aggregate, the
acquisitions were made under the purchase method for US$60 million. Goodwill of
US$8 million was recognized on these transactions and will be amortized over
periods of 10 to 20 years. Goodwill amortization is included in general and
administrative expenses on the consolidated income statement.
Divestments 2001
In connection with the Transactions, Syngenta agreed to divest certain
products and product rights in order to obtain regulatory authorities' approval
of the merger of Novartis agribusiness with Zeneca agrochemicals business. In
2001, completed divestments included the sales of the herbicide propaquizafop,
the fungicide flutriafol and the insecticide thiocyclam. 2001 sales in the
period up to divestment were US$9 million for these products and product
rights. 2001 divestments produced net gains of US$75 million (Note 6).
Acquisitions 2000
As disclosed in Note 1, Syngenta acquired the Zeneca agrochemicals
business on November 13, 2000. This acquisition was accounted for under the
purchase method. The purchase consideration and fair values of assets acquired
including adjustments made in 2001 are presented below:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purchase consideration
- fair value of purchase consideration 1,975
- capital contribution received from AstraZeneca (210)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net purchase consideration 1,765
Less: fair value of net assets acquired (1,067)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goodwill 698
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goodwill on this acquisition is being amortized on a straight line basis
over 20 years.
Divestments 2000
In connection with the Transactions, Syngenta agreed to divest certain
products and product rights in order to obtain regulatory authorities' approval
of the merger of Novartis agribusiness with Zeneca agrochemicals business. In
2000, completed divestments included the sale of the fungicide, Flint. 2000
sales in the period up to divestment were US$329 million for these products and
product rights on a combined proforma basis. 2000 divestments produced net
gains of US$785 million (Note 6).
4. Segmental breakdown of key figures 2002, 2001 and 2000
Syngenta is organized on a worldwide basis into three reporting segments.
Crop Protection
The Crop Protection segment principally manufactures, distributes and
sells herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
Seeds
The Seeds segment sells seeds for growing corn, sugar beet, oilseeds,
vegetables and flowers.
F-14
Plant Science
The Plant Science segment, which was referred to as the New Technology
segment in the 2001 consolidated financial statements, is engaged in research,
development and licensing of technologies enabling production of plants with
enhanced agronomic, nutritional and pharmaceutical properties. Future income is
expected to arise from licensing arrangements.
General
Syngenta manages its three segments separately because their current or
future sources of income derive from distinct types of products or technologies
which require different manufacturing, distribution and marketing strategies.
Net segment operating assets consist primarily of property, plant and
equipment, intangible assets, inventories and receivables less operating
liabilities. Unallocated items are those which, according to IAS 14, do not
meet the criteria for inclusion under one of the three reporting segments. They
consist of net debt (financial debts less cash and cash equivalents) and
deferred and current taxes.
The accounting policies of the segments described above are the same as
those described in the summary of accounting policies.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 Crop Plant
(US$ million, except employees) Protection Seeds Science(1) Unallocated Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Third-party segment sales 5,260 937 - - 6,197
Cost of goods sold (2,681) (451) - - (3,132)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 2,579 486 - - 3,065
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marketing and distribution (909) (237) - - (1,146)
Research and development (425) (119) (153) - (697)
General and administrative (500) (62) (20) - (582)
Merger and restructuring costs, net of divestment gains (348) (48) - - (396)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 397 20 (173) - 244
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Included in the above operating income are:
Personnel costs (1,186) (255) (76) - (1,517)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (223) (30) (13) - (266)
Impairment of property, plant and equipment (100) (8) - - (108)
Amortization of intangible assets (239) (11) - - (250)
Impairment of intangible assets - (32) - - (32)
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures (4) - (3) - (7)
Other non-cash items including charges in respect of
provisions (385) (20) (1) - (406)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets 8,189 1,005 91 1,241 10,526
Liabilities and minority interests (2,360) (261) (16) (3,539) (6,176)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Included in total assets are:
Total property, plant and equipment 2,035 199 76 - 2,310
Additions to property, plant and equipment 130 23 12 - 165
Additions to intangible assets 18 4 - - 22
Total investments in associates and joint ventures 72 13 10 - 95
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employees at year end 15,698 5,891 775 - 22,364
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) The Plant Science segment was referred to as the New Technology segment in
the 2001 consolidated financial statements.
F-15
4. Segmental breakdown of key figures 2002, 2001 and 2000 (continued)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 Crop Plant
(US$ million, except employees) Protection Seeds Science(1) Unallocated Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Third-party segment sales 5,385 938 - - 6,323
Cost of goods sold (2,740) (459) - - (3,199)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 2,645 479 - - 3,124
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marketing and distribution (948) (230) - - (1,178)
Research and development (458) (112) (153) - (723)
General and administrative (501) (66) (14) - (581)
Merger and restructuring costs, net of divestment gains (265) (9) - (3) (277)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 473 62 (167) (3) 365
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Included in the above operating income are:
Personnel costs (1,199) (246) (34) - (1,479)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (221) (31) (8) - (260)
Impairment of property, plant and equipment (84) - - - (84)
Amortization of intangible assets (221) (11) - - (232)
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures (3) - (2) - (5)
Other non-cash items including charges in respect of
provisions (346) (40) - - (386)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets 8,711 1,102 132 764 10,709
Liabilities and minority interests (2,261) (250) (30) (4,082) (6,623)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Included in total assets are:
Total property, plant and equipment 2,070 208 70 - 2,348
Additions to property, plant and equipment 201 39 13 - 253
Additions to intangible assets 118 10 - - 128
Total investments in associates and joint ventures 70 15 18 - 103
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employees at year end 16,290 5,707 794 - 22,791
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 Crop Plant
(US$ million, except employees) Protection Seeds Science(1) Unallocated Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Third-party segment sales 3,918 958 - - 4,876
Cost of goods sold (1,946) (496) - - (2,442)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gross profit 1,972 462 - - 2,434
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Marketing and distribution (754) (235) - - (989)
Research and development (312) (103) (122) - (537)
General and administrative (240) (121) (3) - (364)
Merger and restructuring costs, net of divestment gains 524 - - (68) 456
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating income 1,190 3 (125) (68) 1,000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Included in the above operating income are:
Personnel costs (745) (261) (9) - (1,015)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment (146) (32) (8) - (186)
Impairment of property, plant and equipment (22) - - - (22)
Amortization of intangible assets (80) (10) - - (90)
Impairment of intangible assets - (15) - - (15)
Income/(loss) from associates and joint ventures - (1) - - (1)
Other non-cash items including charges in respect of
provisions 445 (18) - - 427
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets 9,487 1,122 131 1,075 11,815
Liabilities and minority interests (2,379) (278) (10) (4,938) (7,605)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Included in total assets are:
Total property, plant and equipment 2,342 218 89 - 2,649
Additions to property, plant and equipment 144 38 3 - 185
Additions to intangible assets 53 6 - - 59
Total investments in associates and joint ventures 73 25 14 - 112
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employees at year end 17,755 6,331 835 - 24,921
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) The Plant Science segment was referred to as the New Technology segment in
the 2001 consolidated financial statements.
F-16
5. Regional breakdown of key figures 2002, 2001 and 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 (US$ million) Europe & Latin Asia
NAFTA (2) AME (3) America Pacific Total
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales (1) 2,260 2,346 661 930 6,197
Total assets 2,752 6,292 668 814 10,526
Additions to property, plant and equipment 58 89 10 8 165
Additions to intangible assets 1 21 - - 22
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 (US$ million) Europe & Latin Asia
NAFTA (2) AME (3) America Pacific Total
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales (1) 2,291 2,263 765 1,004 6,323
Total assets 3,123 5,740 1,005 841 10,709
Additions to property, plant and equipment 90 128 15 20 253
Additions to intangible assets 83 45 - - 128
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000 (US$ million) Europe & Latin Asia
NAFTA (2) AME (3) America Pacific Total
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sales (1) 1,690 1,747 641 798 4,876
Total assets 3,223 6,525 1,194 873 11,815
Additions to property, plant and equipment 59 98 13 15 185
Additions to intangible assets - 59 - - 59
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following countries accounted for more than 5% of the respective Syngenta
totals as at, or for the years ended, December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million, except %) Sales (1) Total assets
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country 2002 % 2001 % 2000 % 2002 % 2001 % 2000 %
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Switzerland 131 2 102 2 96 2 4,073 39 3,749 35 3,654 31
UK 162 3 151 2 111 2 804 8 918 9 1,363 12
USA 1,867 30 1,900 30 1,446 30 2,602 25 3,003 28 3,048 26
France 473 8 577 9 469 10 409 4 358 3 553 5
Brazil 354 6 466 7 371 8 523 5 783 7 757 6
Germany 337 5 281 5 215 4 98 1 77 1 153 1
Others 2,873 46 2,846 45 2,168 44 2,017 18 1,821 17 2,287 19
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 6,197 100 6,323 100 4,876 100 10,526 100 10,709 100 11,815 100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Sales by location of third-party customer.
(2) NAFTA - North American Free Trade Association comprising the United States,
Canada and Mexico
(3) AME - Africa and the Middle East
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million, except %) Additions to property, plant and equipment Additions to intangible assets
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country 2002 % 2001 % 2000 % 2002 % 2001 % 2000 %
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Switzerland 29 18 27 11 34 18 20 92 45 35 59 100
UK 31 19 63 25 31 17 - - - - - -
USA 56 34 88 35 58 31 1 4 83 65 - -
France 9 5 3 1 6 3 - - - - - -
Brazil 7 4 11 4 11 6 - - - - - -
Germany 1 1 1 - 7 4 - - - - - -
Others 32 19 60 24 38 21 1 4 - - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 165 100 253 100 185 100 22 100 128 100 59 100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No single customer accounts for 10% or more of Syngenta's total sales.
6. Merger and restructuring costs, net of divestment gains
Merger and restructuring costs, net of divestment gains, consist of the
following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Merger costs - (3) (68)
Restructuring costs for redundant operations and activities;
- integration and synergy costs (248) (251) (238)
- non-cash pension and other post-retirement benefits restructuring charges (14) (12) -
- tangible fixed asset impairments (102) (84) (23)
- intangible fixed asset impairments (32) (2) -
Divestment gains - 75 785
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (396) (277) 456
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Merger costs in 2000 comprised certain non-recurring costs associated with
the Transactions, including legal costs (US$5 million), investment bankers'
fees (US$13 million), other advisors' fees (US$6 million), consultancy fees
(US$9 million), communication costs (US$20 million) and other costs (US$15
million). These costs were expensed as they relate to the initial listing of
shares on stock exchanges.
F-17
Divestment gains of US$75 million in 2001 (2000; US$785 million) represent
the net pre-tax gain on the disposal of products divested in response to
competition authorities' requirements (Note 3).
7. Financial expense, net
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest income 75 69 43
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial income 75 69 43
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest expense - third party (188) (242) (53)
- related party - - (89)
Other financial expense (19) (22) (31)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial expense (207) (264) (173)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Currency gains/(losses), net (56) (54) 45
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (188) (249) (85)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. Income tax expense
Income before taxes and minority interests consists of the following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Switzerland 273 (104) 620
Foreign (224) 215 294
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total income before taxes and minority interests 49 111 914
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income tax expense consists of the following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current income tax expense
Switzerland (28) (15) (65)
Foreign (103) (129) (274)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current income tax expense (131) (144) (339)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred income tax expense
Switzerland (57) 36 4
Foreign 118 32 (5)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total deferred income tax expense 61 68 (1)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total income tax expense
Switzerland (85) 21 (61)
Foreign 15 (97) (279)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total income tax expense (70) (76) (340)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For 2002 and 2001, the components of current income tax expense are (2000
comparatives are not available):
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current tax relating to current years (145) (178)
Adjustments to current tax for prior periods (12) 28
Benefit of previously unrecognized tax losses 26 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (131) (144)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For 2002 and 2001, the components of deferred income tax expense are (2000
comparatives are not available):
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Origination and reversal of temporary differences 99 143
Changes in tax rates (10) (2)
Benefit of previously unrecognized tax losses 6 -
Valuation allowance against deferred tax assets (34) (73)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 61 68
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following tax was (charged)/credited to shareholders' equity (2000
comparatives are not available):
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current tax - -
Deferred tax 34 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 34 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-18
Analysis of tax rate
The analysis of Syngenta's tax rate has been presented using the Swiss tax
rate of 25% as the statutory tax rate. Syngenta considers this more meaningful
than using a weighted average tax rate.
The main elements contributing to the difference between Syngenta's
overall expected tax rate and the effective tax rate are:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
% % %
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statutory tax rate 25 25 25
Effect of income taxed at different rates 63 (15) 4
Effect of disallowed expenditures 49 18 5
Effect of utilization of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets (53) (5) (1)
Effect of non-recognition of tax losses in current year 41 34 10
Prior year and other items 16 11 (6)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective tax rate 141 68 37
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The utilization of tax loss carry forwards lowered the tax charge by US$26
million, US$6 million, and US$5 million, in 2002, 2001 and 2000 respectively.
9. Earnings per share
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million, except per share amounts) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income/(loss) for the financial year (27) 34 564
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per ordinary share (US$) (0.26) 0.34 7.61
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue (millions)-- basic and
diluted. 102 101 74
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic earnings per share has been calculated by dividing net income by the
weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted
earnings per share is calculated by adjusting outstanding shares, assuming
conversion of all potentially dilutive share options. Taking into account the
issuance of share options under the Syngenta Executive Stock Option Plan, and
the U.K. employee share option plans, which are the only dilutive potential
ordinary shares in existence at December 31, 2002, the amounts for basic and
diluted earnings per share are the same.
At the Separation Date, 69 million ordinary shares of Syngenta were issued
to Novartis shareholders. This issuance is considered a recapitalization of
Syngenta's predecessor, Novartis agribusiness. Therefore, these shares are
considered outstanding for all periods prior to the Transaction date. An
additional 44 million ordinary shares of Syngenta were issued to AstraZeneca
shareholders on the Transaction date, in consideration of Zeneca agrochemicals
business. Approximately 10% of total outstanding shares were repurchased by
Syngenta as treasury shares, shortly following the Separation Date. Treasury
shares are deducted from the total shares in issue for the purposes of
calculating earnings per share.
Accordingly, the weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue was
74 million for 2000, after adjustment for the 44 million shares issued in
conjunction with the Zeneca acquisition and the shares repurchased by Syngenta
in November 2000, as from the issuance and repurchase dates respectively. In
2002 and 2001, the weighted average number of ordinary shares has been adjusted
for the number of treasury shares issued under Employee Share Purchase Plans
(Note 27).
10. Trade and other accounts receivable
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trade accounts receivable, gross 1,854 2,188 2,328
Provision for doubtful receivables (252) (328) (324)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trade accounts receivable, net 1,602 1,860 2,004
Other receivables - third party 242 238 279
- Novartis - - 15
- associates 1 4 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,845 2,102 2,304
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Movements on provisions for doubtful receivables were as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1 (328) (324) (266)
Additions charged to income (33) (27) (31)
Amounts written off 73 42 60
Other movements (16) (29) (81)
Translation effects 52 10 (6)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 (252) (328) (324)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-19
11. Other current assets
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prepaid expenses - third party 109 135 56
- associates - - 2
Derivative assets - hedging financing exposures 286 50 -
- hedging trading exposures 105 25 -
Marketable securities 13 4 -
Assets held for divestment 3 - 105
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 516 214 163
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. Inventories
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Raw materials and consumables 356 301 597
Finished products 1,348 1,415 1,324
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,704 1,716 1,921
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 inventory provisions of US$163
million, US$138 million and US$140 million respectively were deducted in
arriving at the above amounts.
Finished products at December 31, 2002 and 2001 include US$577 million and
US$658 million of work in progress respectively.
Movements on provisions for inventories were as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1 (138) (140) (118)
Additions charged to income (43) (24) (13)
Reversals credited to income 11 20 12
Amounts utilized on disposal of related inventories 17 30 -
Other movements (4) (27) (17)
Translation effects (6) 3 (4)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 (163) (138) (140)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
At December 31, 2002 the value of the inventories against which these
provisions have been made was US$402 million, before deducting the provisions.
F-20
13. Property, plant and equipment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plant and
other
Machinery equipment
and under
(US$ million) Land Buildings equipment construction Total 2002 Total 2001 Total 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost
January 1 117 1,329 2,868 101 4,415 4,541 3,316
Additions 1 14 75 75 165 253 185
Disposals (8) (34) (172) 2 (212) (111) (140)
Acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals
business (Note 3) - - - - - (112) 1,192
Transfers between categories (4) 29 61 (86) - - -
Changes in scope of consolidation - - - - - - 1
Translation effects 9 163 336 8 516 (156) (13)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 115 1,501 3,168 100 4,884 4,415 4,541
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accumulated depreciation
January 1 (3) (552) (1,512) - (2,067) (1,892) (1,756)
Depreciation charge - (52) (214) - (266) (260) (186)
Impairment (6) (32) (70) - (108) (84) (22)
Depreciation on disposals - 21 159 - 180 90 92
Transfer between categories 2 (27) 25 - - - -
Changes in scope of consolidation - - - - - - (1)
Translation effects - (91) (222) - (313) 79 (19)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 (7) (733) (1,834) - (2,574) (2,067) (1,892)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net book value, December 31 108 768 1,334 100 2,310 2,348 2,649
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net book value, December 31, 2001 114 777 1,356 101 2,348
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insured value, December 31, 2002 - 2,267 4,738 134 7,139 5,952 7,002
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asset impairments were calculated as described in Note 2. The impairments
arose principally from the restructuring and site closures described in Note
22.
Land and buildings of US$18 million net book value included above and held
by the Crop Protection segment are held for resale.
F-21
14. Intangible assets
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Product Other Total Total Total
(US$ million) Goodwill rights Trademarks Software Intangibles 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost
January 1 998 2,332 7 72 123 3,532 3,280 1,110
Additions - 1 - 21 - 22 128 59
Disposals - - - (1) (2) (3) (1) (2)
Acquisition of Zeneca
agrochemicals business (Note 3) - - - - - - 130 2,147
Transfers between categories (2) (34) - - 36 - - -
Changes in scope of consolidation - 3 - - - 3 18 -
Translation effects 12 94 2 4 11 123 (23) (34)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 1,008 2,396 9 96 168 3,677 3,532 3,280
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accumulated amortization
January 1 (106) (374) (2) (30) (16) (528) (302) (200)
Amortization charge (53) (157) (1) (24) (15) (250) (230) (90)
Impairment (23) - - - (9) (32) (2) (15)
Amortization on disposals - - - - 1 1 1 -
Transfers between categories (17) 17 - - - - - -
Reclassification from other
current liabilities - - - - (8) (8) - -
Changes in scope of consolidation - - - - - - - -
Translation effects (3) (40) - (1) (3) (47) 5 3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 (202) (554) (3) (55) (50) (864) (528) (302)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net book value, December 31 806 1,842 6 41 118 2,813 3,004 2,978
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net book value, December 31, 2001 892 1,958 5 42 107 3,004
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asset impairments were calculated as described in Note 2. These impact two
cash-generating units in the Seeds segment and are the result of deteriorating
trading conditions and forecasts.
Amortization is included within both cost of goods sold and general and
administrative expenses.
15. Investments in associates and joint ventures
Syngenta has the following significant investments in associates and joint
ventures, which are accounted for using the equity method:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Balance sheet value Income statement effect
(US$ million) Ownership 2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CIMO Compagnie Industrielle de Monthey SA, Switzerland 50 66 57 61 (2) (2) -
Societe Etablissement Claude Camille Benoist SA, France(1) - - 11 - - -
Maisadour Semences SA, France 40 10 8 7 1 1 (1)
North American Nutrition and Agribusiness Fund, USA 34 13 25 21 (4) (3) -
Others 6 13 12 (2) (1) -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 95 103 112 (7) (5) (1)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Prior to October 12, 2001 - thereafter the company became a subsidiary
of Syngenta.
16. Deferred taxes
The deferred tax assets and liabilities are analyzed as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets associated with:
- inventories 163 154 168
- accounts receivable 38 26 38
- tangible fixed assets - - 9
- pension and employee costs 96 92 75
- provisions 153 239 173
- net operating losses 59 53 21
- other 157 102 155
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 666 666 639
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liabilities associated with:
- property, plant and equipment depreciation 254 243 375
- intangible assets 534 554 533
- other provisions and accruals 310 362 362
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax liabilities 1,098 1,159 1,270
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) (432) (493) (631)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-22
The gross value of net operating loss carry forwards which have not been
recognized as deferred tax assets, with their expiry dates, is as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
one year 5 1 4
two years 42 2 4
three years 36 43 9
four years 149 149 25
five years 131 110 50
more than five years 110 155 310
no expiry 107 17 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 580 477 402
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities during the year were
as follows:
January Recognized in Recognized Translation Other December
(US$ million) 1 net income in equity effects movements 31
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets associated with:
- Inventories 154 9 - 1 (1) 163
- accounts receivable 26 14 - (6) 4 38
- pensions and employee costs 92 (5) 4 5 - 96
- provisions 239 (41) - 2 (47) 153
- net operating losses 53 16 - (11) 1 59
- other 102 61 18 - (24) 157
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 666 54 22 (9) (67) 666
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liabilities associated with:
- property, plant and equipment 243 (18) - 28 1 254
- intangible assets 554 (31) - 10 1 534
- other provisions and accruals 362 42 (12) 14 (96) 310
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax liabilities 1,159 (7) (12) 52 (94) 1,098
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) (493) 61 34 (61) 27 (432)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred tax assets, other than net operating losses, are not subject to
expiry.
A deferred tax asset or liability has not been recognized on the following
items:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Temporary differences for which deferred tax assets have not been recognized 190 148 137
Temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries for which deferred
tax liabilities have not been recognized 453 443 457
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
17. Other financial assets
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Long-term loans to associates 7 6 12
Equity securities available-for-sale and non-current receivables 159 197 201
Prepaid pension (Note 26) 179 65 80
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 345 268 293
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In 2002 and 2001, the line "Equity securities available-for-sale and
non-current receivables" includes available-for-sale securities of US$70
million and US$92 million respectively. Non-current receivables are not
interest bearing and their fair values approximate their carrying amounts.
18. Current financial debts
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest-bearing Novartis liabilities - - 144
Receivables factored with recourse 54 202 320
Euro floating rate notes 367 - -
Commercial paper 221 79 -
Bank and other financial debt 564 1,137 2,613
Current portion of non-current financial debts (Note 20) 1 2 8
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,207 1,420 3,085
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The above balance sheet values of current financial debt approximate the
estimated fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The weighted average interest rate on the current bank and other financial
debts was 6.9% per annum, 7.6% per annum and 7.0% per annum in 2002, 2001 and
2000, respectively.
F-23
Syngenta has a committed, revolving, multi-currency, syndicated credit
facility of US$2,500 million (the "Credit Facility") which matures in 2005. As
of December 31, 2002, Syngenta had utilized US$48 million under the Credit
Facility, leaving US$2,452 million available for future requirements. The
Credit Facility provides that the interest rate is based on either LIBOR or
EURIBOR, depending upon the currency of the underlying borrowing, plus a margin
and mandatory costs. In addition to interest payments, Syngenta is obligated to
pay certain variable commitment fees based upon the long-term credit rating
assigned to Syngenta by Moody's Investors' Services, Inc. and Standard and
Poor's Corporation ranging from 0.2% to 0.3% of the unused amount throughout
the term of the facilities.
As at December 31, 2002, Syngenta has (euro)350 million of Floating Rate
Notes in issue that mature in July 2003. At issue, these liabilities had a
value of US$296 million. As at December 31, 2002, they are shown at a value of
US$367 million. Cross-currency swaps were implemented at the time of issue to
hedge this exchange movement and the fair value of the swaps is included in the
derivative assets and liabilities shown in Notes 11 and 19.
Syngenta also has US$221 million of Commercial Paper in issue under its
Global Commercial Paper program.
Collateralized non-current financial debts and pledged assets
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total amount of collateralized non-current financial debts 2 1 16
Total net book value of property, plant and equipment pledged as collateral for non-current
financial debts - 2 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Financial debts, including current financial debts, contain only general
and financial default covenants (i.e. ratios such as EBITDA to net interest
charges / Net debt to EBITDA) with which Syngenta is in compliance.
19. Other current liabilities
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accrued expenses 442 429 381
Social security and pension contributions 27 27 22
Derivative liabilities - hedging financing exposures 57 22 -
- hedging trading exposures 37 65 -
Other payables 231 339 610
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 794 882 1,013
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20. Non-current financial debts
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unsecured bond issues 842 1,012 -
Liabilities to banks and other financial institutions 82 103 105
Finance lease obligations 2 3 3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (including current portion of non-current financial debt) 926 1,118 108
Less: current portion of non-current financial debt (Note 18) (1) (2) (8)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 925 1,116 100
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The weighted average interest rate on the non-current bank and other
financial debts was 5.0% per annum, 5.5% per annum and 6.9% per annum in 2002,
2001 and 2002, respectively.
The weighted average interest rate on the combined current and non-current
bank and other financial debts was 6.0% per annum, 7.1% per annum and 7.0% per
annum in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
The above balance sheet values of non-current financial debts approximate
the estimated fair values of these instruments.
On July 10, 2001, Syngenta issued (euro)800 million 5-year Eurobonds with
a coupon rate of 5.5%. At issue, these liabilities had a value of US$677
million. As at December 31, 2002, they are shown at a value of US$842 million.
Cross-currency swaps were implemented at the time of issue to hedge this
exchange movement and the fair value of the swaps is included in the derivative
assets and liabilities shown in Notes 11 and 19.
F-24
Terms and debt repayment schedule
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 year or More than
(us$ million) Total less 1-2 years 2-5 years 5 years
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Euro 5.5% bond repayable 2006 842 - - 842 -
Euro floating rate notes repayable 2003 (at 3 month
Euribor plus 0.35%) 367 367 - - -
Commercial paper at various rates 221 221 - - -
Borrowings at various rates, under syndicated bank
facility which expires in 2005 48 48 - - -
US$ Industrial Revenue bonds, mainly at floating rates 44 - 44 - -
Amounts owing to banks under various loan and overdraft
facilities, in various currencies and at various
interest rates 556 517 13 16 10
Receivables factored with recourse 54 54 - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2,132 1,207 57 858 10
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
21. Provisions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring provisions (Note 22) 273 257 350
Employee benefits
- accrued pension costs of single employer defined benefit plans (Note 26) 101 119 133
- other long-term employee benefits 54 53 38
Other post-retirement benefits (Note 26) 112 108 103
Environmental provisions (Note 29) 381 355 275
Provisions for legal and product liability settlements 51 75 53
Other provisions 165 99 27
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,137 1,066 979
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current portion of:
- restructuring provisions 128 132 221
- employee benefits 25 36 -
- environmental provisions 18 29 41
- provisions for legal and product liability settlements 12 - 14
- other provisions 39 34 10
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total current provisions 222 231 286
Total non-current provisions 915 835 693
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,137 1,066 979
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following table analyzes the movement in provisions during 2002:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Release
Balance of Balance
at provisions at
January Charged to credited to Reclass- Translation December
(US$ million) 1, 2002 Acquisitions income income Payments ifications effects 31, 2002
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring provisions (Note 22) 257 - 276 (14) (246) (22) 22 273
Employee benefits
- accrued pension costs of
single employer defined
benefit plans (Note 26) 119 - 66 (3) (209) 112 16 101
- other long-term employee
benefits 53 - 7 - (4) (3) 1 54
Other post-retirement benefits
(Note 26) 108 - 10 - (8 1 1 112
Environmental provisions (Note 29) 355 - 33 (11) (14) (9) 27 381
Provisions for legal and
product liability
settlements 75 - 9 (17) (8) (4) (4) 51
Other provisions 99 - 85 (9) (15) (1) 6 165
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,066 - 486 (54) (504) 74 69 1,137
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other provisions mainly comprise provisions for insurance risks covered by
the Group's insurance captive (all of which relate to the Group's own business)
and for long-term contractual obligations.
F-25
22. Restructuring provisions
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employee
termination Other third
(US$ million) costs party costs Total
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 1999 33 20 53
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash payments (13) (193) (206)
Acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business 45 168 213
Additions charged to income 128 201 329
Non-income property, plant and equipment write-off - (23) (23)
Releases credited to income (12) - (12)
Translation (gains)/losses net (3) (1) (4)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2000 178 172 350
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash payments (111) (241) (352)
Additions charged to income 91 178 269
Releases credited to income (7) 1 (6)
Other movements (2) 5 3
Translation (gains)/losses net (2) (5) (7)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2001 147 110 257
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash payments (84) (162) (246)
Additions charged to income 119 157 276
Releases credited to income (14) - (14)
Reclassifications (11) (11) (22)
Translation (gains)/losses net 13 9 22
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2002 170 103 273
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring costs relate mainly to Syngenta's business integration
restructuring plans, embarked upon following the formation of Syngenta in
November 2000. Such plans involve termination of employees, integration of
systems and the closure of duplicate head office, Research and development and
manufacturing facilities.
Approximately 3,000 jobs that existed at the formation of Syngenta will be
eliminated in respect of plans announced by December 31, 2002, and 2,602
employees had already left the group by that date.
The charge to income of US$329 million in 2000 and US$269 million in 2001
arising from the integration of the combined Syngenta businesses represent
principally the creation of new organizational structures to replace the
previous separate legacy organizations and the plans announced in August 2001
to close certain manufacturing sites and refocus other continuing manufacturing
sites. The restructuring plans are due to complete by the end of 2005.
The charge to income of US$276 million in 2002 largely represents costs
related to further progress in the synergy plans, including plans to close a
further four manufacturing sites, and the announced plan to refocus the
activities of each of Syngenta's main Research and Development sites on
specific activities and out license certain activities linked to the alliance
with Diversa Corporation announced in Quarter 4. Of the total charge to income
in 2002, US$49 million of employee termination costs and US$21 million of other
third-party costs relate to the manufacturing integration plans, and US$53
million of employee termination costs and US$35 million of other third-party
costs relate to the Research and development integration plans. The charge also
included employee termination costs of US$4 million relating to restructuring
the Seeds business in South Korea.
Provisions for other third-party costs principally include payments for
early termination of contracts with third parties related to redundant
activities.
23. Share capital
The number of ordinary shares of par value CHF10 in issue and movements
during the period were as follows:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
Treasury Treasury Treasury
Shares in shares Shares in shares Shares in shares
(Millions of shares) issue held issue held issue held
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As at January 1 112.6 (11.2) 112.6 (11.3) - -
Contribution to capital of Novartis net investment at
separation - - - - 68.7 -
Issue of ordinary shares in consideration for Zeneca
agrochemicals business - - 43.9 -
Purchase of Treasury shares - - - - - (11.3)
Issue of ordinary shares under Employee Share Purchase - 0.2 - 0.1 - -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As at December 31 112.6 (11.0) 112.6 (11.2) 112.6 (11.3)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24. Cash flows arising from change in net current assets and other operating
cash flows
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change in inventories 98 101 255
Change in trade and other accounts receivable and other net current assets 360 41 29
Change in trade and other accounts payable (50) (4) (129)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 408 138 155
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-26
25. Cash flows arising from major business acquisitions and divestments
The following is a summary of the cash flow impact of the major business
acquisitions and divestments:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2001 2000 2000
(US$ million) Divestments Acquisitions Divestments Acquisitions Divestments
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cash and cash equivalents - (21) - (417) -
Trade and other accounts receivable - (2) 105 (1,057) -
Other current assets 10 - - - -
Inventories - (1) - (518) 36
Property, plant and equipment - (1) - (1,192) 12
Intangible assets (excluding goodwill) - (10) 15 (1,548) (35)
Other non-current assets - (1) - (345) 27
Current and non-current financial debts - - - 1,671 -
Other liabilities - 1 - 1,789 -
Provisions - - - 451 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net assets (acquired)/divested 10 (35) 120 (1,166) 40
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acquired/(divested) cash and cash equivalents - 21 - 417 -
Decrease in investments in associates - 11 - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sub-total 10 (3) 120 (749) 40
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Goodwill - (8) - (599) -
Fair value of shares issued - - - 1,945 -
Capital contribution from AstraZeneca - - - (210) -
Reduction of equity and minority interests - (20) - - -
Divestment gains 1 - 75 - 785
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net Cash Flow 11 (31) 195 387 825
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26. Employee benefits
Syngenta has, apart from the legally required social security schemes,
numerous independent pension plans. At December 31, 2000, many of these were
pension plans sponsored by Novartis in conjunction with Novartis's other
subsidiaries. Syngenta's participation in these plans prior to completing the
Transactions is accounted for as a multi-employer plan for the purposes of the
2000 income statement. As at December 31, 2000, however, Syngenta's shares of
the assets and liabilities of the plans formerly sponsored by Novartis are
included in the funded assets and liabilities.
Defined benefit pension plans cover the majority of Syngenta's employees.
The defined benefit obligations and related assets of all major plans are
re-appraised yearly by independent actuaries. Plan assets are recorded at fair
values.
Syngenta's main defined benefit pension plans are in the United Kingdom,
Switzerland and the United States. With effect from January 1, 2002, the
defined benefit section of Syngenta's main U.K. pension plan was closed to
employees joining Syngenta after that date. At December 31, 2001, certain
employees who were members of this plan had the option to convert their
pensions from defined contribution to defined benefit terms if they attained
age 45 while still in service, and the benefit obligation related to them is
included in the benefit obligation figure as at December 31, 2001 and January
1, 2002 in the table below. As part of the January 1, 2002 changes in U.K.
pension arrangements, these members were asked to make an irrevocable choice to
convert their pension rights definitively either to defined contribution or to
defined benefit terms. Certain members opted for defined contribution terms and
consequently US$7 million of benefit obligation and plan assets have been
excluded from the December 31, 2002 totals in the table below. Also, certain
elements of the remuneration of Swiss employees are pensionable under a savings
arrangement. Employer and employee contributions are paid into a notional
savings account within the pension fund. The value of these notional employee
accounts is included in the benefit obligation and plan asset figures at
December 31, 2001 and January 1, 2002 in the table below. With effect from
2002, this component of the pension plan has been reported as a defined
contribution plan. Consequently, US$27 million of benefit obligation and plan
assets have been excluded from the December 31, 2002 totals in the table below.
Both the reporting changes described above have been included in the "other
movements" line in the benefit obligation and plan asset rollforward tables
below. Neither change had any effect on the reported funded status of the
plans, or on net income for 2002.
A summary of the status of the main independent defined benefit plans at
December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 using actuarial assumptions determined in
accordance with IAS 19 (revised) is given below.
F-27
Employee benefit plans
The following provides a reconciliation of benefit obligations, plan
assets and funded status of the defined benefit pension plans, and of the
benefit obligation for the other post-retirement benefits, which are unfunded.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pension Other post-retirement benefits
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefit obligation
At beginning of year 2,313 2,300 229 113 103 49
Service cost 99 98 17 2 2 1
Interest cost 135 121 21 8 8 3
Net liability assumed from spin-off from Novartis benefit
plans - 5 943 - - -
Acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business - - 1,210 - - 56
Curtailments and settlements (7) (28) - - 2 -
Plan amendments - 4 3 - (26) -
Actuarial (gain)/loss 142 (59) (130) 21 30 2
Translation effects 300 (58) 19 1 - -
Benefit payments (101) (82) (12) (7) (6) (8)
Other movements (32) 12 - - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefit obligation at end of year 2,849 2,313 2,300 138 113 103
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan assets at fair value
At beginning of year 2,132 2,353 225 - - -
Actual return on plan assets (216) (176) 15 - - -
Net assets assumed from spin-off from Novartis benefit plans - 8 900 - - -
Acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business - (14) 1,186 - - -
Curtailments and Settlements (12) - - - - -
Translation effects 275 (59) 20 - - -
Employer contributions 253 87 17 7 8 6
Employee contributions 18 15 2 - - -
Benefit payments (101) (82) (12) (7) (8) (6)
Other movements (62) - - - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan assets at fair value at end of year 2,287 2,132 2,353 - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Funded status (562) (181) 53 (138) (113) (103)
Unrecognized actuarial (gain)/loss 605 124 (97) 49 31 -
Unrecognized past service costs - - - (23) (26) -
Limitation on recognition of surplus due to uncertainty of
obtaining future benefits (5) (2) (9) - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prepaid/(accrued) benefit cost 38 (59) (53) (112) (108) (103)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet
Prepaid benefit costs (Note 17) 179 65 80 - - -
Accrued benefit liability (141) (124) (133) (112) (108) (103)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net amount recognized 38 (59) (53) (112) (108) (103)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Of the accrued benefit liability for pensions of US$141 million at
December 31, 2002, US$101 million is included in Note 21 as pension provision
and US$40 million as restructuring provisions (2001: US$119 million as pension
and US$5 million as restructuring).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pension Other post-retirement benefits
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefit cost
Current service cost 99 98 17 2 2 1
Interest cost 135 121 21 8 8 3
Expected return on plan assets (142) (144) (25) - - -
Employee contributions (18) (15) (2) - - -
Amortization of actuarial loss 5 2 1 3 - -
Effect of limitation on recognition of surplus 1 - - - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
80 62 12 13 10 4
Past service cost 4 4 - (3) (2) -
Curtailments and settlements 33 6 - - 2 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net periodic benefit cost 117 72 12 10 10 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
All the past service cost in 2001, and all the curtailment and settlement
expense in 2002 and 2001, arose as a direct result of merger and restructuring
activities and are included in the consolidated income statement in merger and
restructuring costs, net of divestment gains.
In each year, the expected return on plan assets is the estimated
long-term average rate of return which would be expected to arise on a
portfolio of assets similar to the actual portfolio of pension plan assets held
at January 1 of that year.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pension Other post-retirement benefits
2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000
Weighted-average assumptions for the year ended December 31 % % % % % %
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discount rate 5.2 5.5 5.6 6.7 7.2 7.1
Rate of compensation increase 3.4 3.5 2.6 - - -
Expected return on plan assets 6.3 6.2 5.6 - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-28
The assumed healthcare cost trend rate at December 31, 2002 was 10%,
decreasing in each successive year from 2003 onwards, to reach an ultimate rate
of 5% in 2010.
The assumed healthcare cost trend rate at December 31, 2001 was 9%,
decreasing in each successive year from 2002 onwards, to reach an ultimate rate
of 4.25% in 2010 and thereafter. The assumed healthcare cost trend at December
31, 2000 was 5.6%, reducing to 4.75% in 2003 and later years.
A one-percentage-point change in the assumed healthcare cost trend rates
compared to those used for 2002 would have the following effects:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 1% point increase 1% point decrease
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effects on total of service and interest cost components 1 (1)
Effect on post-retirement benefit obligations 14 (11)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The contribution and expense related to the former multi-employer pension
plans sponsored by Novartis were US$nil million, US$nil million, and US$11
million for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 respectively.
In some Syngenta operations, employees are covered by defined contribution
plans for pensions and other long term employee benefits. In 2002,
contributions and related expense charged to the consolidated income statement
for these plans were US$12 million (2001: US$20 million; 2000: US$12 million).
27. Employee share participation plans
Employee and management share participation plans exist as follows:
Syngenta Executive Stock Option Plan
In 2000, the Syngenta Executive Stock Option Plan was introduced to
provide selected members of the Board of Directors, executives and key
employees of Syngenta with an opportunity to obtain the right to purchase
shares of Syngenta. The grant of options regarding Syngenta shares is at the
discretion of the Compensation Committee, whose members are appointed by the
Board of Directors of Syngenta. The following table sets out share option
activity during 2002, 2001 and 2000, including the equivalent ADR shares that
are offered to Syngenta employees in the United States, and summarizes
information about share options outstanding at December 31, 2002, 2001 and
2000.
Outstanding Remaining
Exercise at Outstanding Life
price CHF January 1 Granted Lapsed at December 31 Exercisable (years)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year to December 31, 2000 76.5 - 511,500 - 511,500 - 10
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year to December 31, 2001 76.5 511,500 - (20,000) 491,500 - 9
83.7 - 423,600 (5,100) 418,500 - 9.25
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total for year to December 31, 2001 511,500 423,600 (25,100) 910,000 -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year to December 31, 2002 76.5 491,500 - (36,000) 455,500 - 8
83.7 418,500 - (41,900) 376,600 - 8.25
98.0 - 703,818 (41,187) 662,631 - 9.25
98.0 - 340,181 - 340,181 - 10.25
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total for year to December 31, 2002 910,000 1,043,999 (119,087) 1,834,912 -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The weighted average fair value of options granted during the year was CHF
30 per option (2001:CHF 25; 2000:CHF 25).
The exercise prices are equal to the weighted average share price on the
Swiss stock exchange (SWX) for the five business days preceding the grant date
as determined by the Compensation Committee and all options were granted at an
exercise price which was greater than the market price of the Syngenta shares
at the grant date. All of the options vest in full, are exercisable after three
years, and terminate after 10 or 11 years from the grant date.
Syngenta Deferred Share Plan
In 2002, the Syngenta Deferred Share Plan was introduced to provide
selected senior executives with an opportunity to obtain shares of Syngenta.
The plan entitles participants to defer part of their annual short-term
incentive awards in favor of Syngenta shares and to receive matching shares
according to the rules of the plan. The value of a Deferred Share at the time
of the grant corresponds to the Syngenta share price at the time of the grant.
Shares are deferred for a period of three years starting on the grant date. At
the end of the deferral period, Syngenta matches the deferred shares on a
one-for-one basis. For the incentive year 2002 participants may voluntarily
defer a part of the 2002 short-term incentive. Approximately 130 senior
executives are invited to participate. For the incentive year 2003 the Syngenta
Deferred Share Plan will become fully effective and a mandatory part of the
2003 short-term incentive will be allocated as Deferred Shares. Additional
voluntary deferrals within the limits of the plan can be made at the discretion
of the participants.
Employee Share Purchase Plan
In November 2001, the Swiss Employee Share Purchase Plan was introduced
for all employees of certain Swiss subsidiaries. This plan entitles employees
to subscribe for shares at a discount of 50% from the closing share price on
the grant date. The maximum subscription amount per employee, based on fair
market value, is CHF 5,000. A total of 108,199 shares (2001: 123,336 shares)
were subscribed for, met through a release of treasury shares, at a market
value of approximately CHF 86.70 per share (2001: CHF 84.80 per share).
F-29
Employee Share Option Savings Plan
In November 2002, a Share Option Savings Plan was introduced for all U.K.
employees, at an exercise price of British pounds sterling 32.21 per share,
representing a 15% discount to the market price on the Swiss stock exchange
(SWX) before the offer. Options over 257,712 ordinary Syngenta AG shares were
granted under this scheme on December 20, 2002, and are exercisable over a six
month period following either the third or the fifth anniversary of the grant
date, depending on the choice made by the employee on applying to join the
scheme. Vesting of options is conditional on employees remaining in service for
at least three years and making monthly payments into the savings plan.
28. Transactions and agreements with related parties
Subsequent to the Separation Date, neither Novartis nor AstraZeneca has
had a related party relationship with Syngenta. The Separation Agreements
described below, which were made before the Separation Date, continue in force.
See Notes 26 and 27 for disclosure of other related party transactions and
balances.
Prior to the merger of Novartis agribusiness with Zeneca agrochemicals
business to form Syngenta, Novartis agribusiness was wholly owned by Novartis.
It had related party relationships with the non-Syngenta operations of
Novartis.
Prior to the Separation Date, Novartis agribusiness sold products to
Novartis, at a price that management believed approximated the price an
unrelated third party would have paid. For the year ended December 31, 2000,
Syngenta had US$15 million of revenues from Novartis.
Prior to the formation of Syngenta, Novartis provided Novartis
agribusiness with certain general and administrative services, including
insurance, legal, treasury, financial and other corporate functions. Although
certain assets, liabilities and expenses related to these services were
allocated to Novartis agribusiness, up to the Separation Date the results of
operations and cash flows presented in these consolidated financial statements
may not have been the same as those that would have occurred had the businesses
been an independent entity. Subsequent to the Separation Date, Syngenta now
operates its own arrangements independent of Novartis, for these services.
The income statements include the following related party transactions
that Syngenta had with the rest of Novartis:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Charges to operating expenses of segments (30)
Charges to operating expenses included in Corporate and other activities (1) (39)
Charges to financial expense (2) (89)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (158)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) Allocated by Novartis based on sales. Certain of these services between
Novartis and Syngenta are continuing after the demerger pursuant to
transition agreements.
(2) As described in Note 1, Novartis agribusiness received interest bearing
financing from Novartis.
Amounts due from / (due to) Novartis at December 31 are included within
the balance sheet captions as follows:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) Notes 2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Trade and other accounts receivable 10 15
Current financial debts 18 (144)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net amount payable to Novartis (129)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta has entered into agreements with Novartis and AstraZeneca to
govern certain of the ongoing relationships between Syngenta, Novartis and
AstraZeneca at and after the Separation Date and to provide for an orderly
transition. Based upon the accounting for the Transactions as an acquisition of
Zeneca agrochemicals business by Novartis agribusiness, the agreements with
Novartis are considered to be related party agreements. Brief descriptions of
significant related party agreements follow.
The Separation Agreements outlined below have provided for the provision
of various services between Syngenta and Novartis on a transitional basis and
ensure that both parties have access to necessary information in the future.
Certain Separation Agreements also allocate and separate amongst the parties
the historic, current and possible future liabilities of the Novartis
agribusiness and Zeneca agrochemicals business from the liabilities of the
remaining activities of Novartis and AstraZeneca.
Indemnity Matters Agreement
The Indemnity Matters Agreement between Novartis and Syngenta specifies
the losses that each party has reciprocally covenanted to pay arising from any
damages that may arise relating to both existing and former operations and
divested divisions of the respective businesses. The parties are not obligated
to reimburse each other for amounts which are covered under an insurance policy
or otherwise from a third party.
Environmental Matters Agreements
The Environmental Matters Agreements between Syngenta, Novartis and
AstraZeneca outline the covenants to indemnify each other in respect of
liabilities relating to environmental and health and safety matters (other than
product liability claims) against respective group companies and affiliates
which arise through the historic, current and future operations of Syngenta.
The purpose of the Environmental Matters Agreements is to address, in general
terms, the rights and obligations of Novartis, AstraZeneca and Syngenta for
environmental claims that have been or will be incurred and to identify special
arrangements for environmental matters related to specific affiliates of each
party. The parties are not obligated to reimburse each other for amounts which
are covered under an insurance policy or otherwise from a third party.
F-30
Tax Deed
The Tax Deed allocates Novartis' and Syngenta's responsibilities for
certain tax matters. Novartis retained all tax liabilities arising out of or
connected to the remaining Novartis businesses (excluding Novartis
agribusiness) and the reorganization of the Novartis group for the purpose of
separating Novartis agribusiness, except for certain events as described in the
Tax Deed. Syngenta has assumed and will be responsible for all tax liabilities
arising out of or connected to the Novartis agribusiness or a Syngenta-related
event as described in the Tax Deed. The Deed also provides for the management
of tax affairs and dispute resolution.
Intellectual Property Agreements
Under the Intellectual Property Agreements, Syngenta acquired title to all
relevant intellectual property that is exclusive to or predominantly relates to
its business. Syngenta will license or will be licensed relevant intellectual
property pertaining to the business of Syngenta that it shares with Novartis.
Licenses (other than the license of the Zeneca or Novartis house mark and
domain names) are worldwide, exclusive in the field, royalty-free and
perpetual. The licenses of the Novartis house mark and domain names are
exclusive in the agribusiness field, royalty-free and expire three years after
the date of the completion of the transactions. The licenses of the Zeneca
house mark and domain names are exclusive in the agrochemicals field,
royalty-free and expire on January 4, 2005.
Pension Agreements
Pension Agreements outline how the liabilities and assets relating to
benefits accrued by employees transferring to Syngenta were to be transferred
to Syngenta by AstraZeneca and Novartis, as applicable. In the case of
employees in the Novartis Swiss pension fund transferring to Syngenta, the form
and structure of the transfer was determined in accordance with Swiss law.
Except as otherwise required by law or the terms of the applicable benefit
program, liabilities for benefits accrued by retirees or other former employees
were not transferred to Syngenta. For a transitional period after the creation
of Syngenta, certain Syngenta employees continued to participate in the
respective Novartis and/or AstraZeneca arrangements under which they were
previously covered. However, Syngenta now operates all its significant employee
benefit arrangements independently from Novartis and AstraZeneca.
29. Commitments and contingencies
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leasing commitments:
Commitments arising from fixed-term operating
leases in effect at December 31 are as follows:
2001 - - 20
2002 - 30 16
2003 13 19 8
2004 12 18 3
2005 8 11 2
2006 3 9 -
2007 2 - -
Thereafter 4 43 6
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 42 130 55
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operating lease expense of current year 30 31 26
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Commitments for the purchase of property, plant and equipment 32 7 47
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
As of December 31, 2002, Syngenta had entered into the following long-term
commitments to purchase minimum quantities of certain raw materials. The
approximate payments committed are as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2003 133
2004 96
2005 64
2006 57
2007 54
Thereafter 38
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 442
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-31
Syngenta has entered into long-term research agreements with various
institutions to fund various research projects and other commitments. The
approximate payments committed to these institutions are as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2001 - - 44
2002 - 52 33
2003 11 32 30
2004 11 21 26
2005 5 5 -
2006 3 2 -
2007 1 - -
Thereafter - 1 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 31 113 133
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Contingencies
Group companies have to observe the laws, government orders and
regulations of the country in which they operate. A number of them are
currently involved in administrative proceedings arising out of the normal
conduct of their business.
A number of Group companies are also the subject of litigation arising out
of the normal conduct of their business, as a result of which claims could be
made against them which, in whole or in part, might not be covered by
insurance. In the opinion of Syngenta's management, however, the ultimate
outcome of the actions referred to will not materially affect Syngenta's
financial condition, but could be material to Syngenta's results of operation
in a given period.
Environmental matters
Syngenta has environmental liabilities at some currently or formerly
owned, leased and third-party sites throughout the world.
In the United States, Syngenta, or its indemnities, has been named under
federal legislation (the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act of 1980, as amended) as a potentially responsible party ("PRP")
in respect of several sites. Syngenta expects to be indemnified against a
proportion of the liabilities associated with a number of these sites by the
seller of the businesses associated with such sites and, where appropriate,
actively participates in or monitors the clean-up activities at the sites in
respect of which it is a PRP.
Syngenta has provisions in respect of environmental remediation costs in
accordance with the accounting policy described in Note 2 and as shown in Note
21, Provisions. The environmental provision is principally related to potential
liabilities at various locations. The estimated provision takes into
consideration the number of other PRPs at each site and the identity and
financial positions of such parties in light of the joint and several nature of
the liability.
The requirement in the future for Syngenta ultimately to take action to
correct the effects on the environment of prior disposal or release of chemical
substances by Syngenta or other parties, and its costs, pursuant to
environmental laws and regulations, is inherently difficult to estimate. The
material components of the environmental provisions consist of a risk
assessment based on investigation of the various sites. Syngenta's future
remediation expenses are affected by a number of uncertainties which include,
but are not limited to, the method and extent of remediation, the percentage of
material attributable to Syngenta at the remediation sites relative to that
attributable to other parties, and the financial capabilities of the other
potentially responsible parties.
Syngenta believes that its provisions are adequate based upon currently
available information. However, given the inherent difficulties in estimating
liabilities in this area, it cannot be guaranteed that additional costs will
not be incurred beyond the amounts accrued. The effect of resolution of
environmental matters on results of operations cannot be predicted due to
uncertainty concerning both the amount and the timing of future expenditures
and the results of future operations. Management believes that such additional
amounts, if any, would not be material to Syngenta's financial condition but
could be material to Syngenta's results of operations in a given period.
30. Principal currency translation rates
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
US$ US$ US$
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Year end rates used for the consolidated balance sheets, to
translate the following currencies into US$, are:
Swiss franc 1.39 1.68 1.63
British pound 0.62 0.69 0.67
sterling
Japanese yen 118.72 131.31 114.89
Euro 0.95 1.13 1.07
Brazilian real 3.54 2.33 1.95
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Average rates of the year used for the consolidated income
and cash flow statements, to translate the following
currencies into US$, are:
Swiss franc 1.57 1.69 1.69
British pound 0.67 0.69 0.66
sterling
Japanese yen 125.55 120.63 107.69
Euro 1.07 1.12 1.08
Brazilian real 2.89 2.32 1.80
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-32
31. Financial instruments
Market Risk
Syngenta is exposed to market risk, primarily due to changes in foreign
exchange and interest rates and to market price volatility on inventory
purchase contracts. Management actively monitors these exposures. To manage the
volatility relating to these exposures, Syngenta enters into derivative
financial instruments. Syngenta's objective is to reduce fluctuations in cash
flows and earnings associated with changes in interest rates and foreign
currency rates. Syngenta does not enter into any financial transactions
unrelated to the operating business.
Foreign Exchange Rates
Syngenta uses U.S. dollars as its reporting currency and is therefore
exposed to foreign exchange movements in a wide range of currencies.
Consequently, it enters into various contracts, which change in value as
foreign exchange rates change, to preserve the value of assets, commitments and
anticipated transactions. To cover existing balance sheet exposures, and to
hedge committed foreign currency transactions Syngenta uses forward contracts.
To hedge anticipated foreign currency cash flows Syngenta uses currency options
and forward contracts. Syngenta has only options, or combinations of options,
where a net premium was paid.
Interest Rates
Syngenta monitors its interest rate exposures and analyzes the potential
impact of interest rate movements on net interest expense. In order to manage
the volatility of net interest expense, Syngenta may enter into derivative
transactions to achieve a desired fixed to floating rate ratio on net debt.
Credit Risk
Syngenta has policies and operating guidelines in place to ensure that
treasury and derivative transactions are limited to transactions with high
credit quality banks and financial institutions.
Syngenta regularly monitors its exposure to loss from both country and
customer risk. Syngenta has policies and operating guidelines in place to
reduce the risk of loss by limiting the amount of exposure to individual
countries and customers, or requiring additional security against exposures
related to them, based on Syngenta's assessment of the risks involved.
Liquidity Risk
Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient cash and
the availability of funding through an adequate amount of committed credit
facilities. Syngenta's liquidity situation is monitored in a pro-active manner
in order to ensure that Syngenta has sufficient liquidity reserves at all
times.
Fair Value Hedges
During 2002, the Group held interest rate swaps involving the exchange of
fixed for floating rate interest payments that qualified for hedge accounting
as designated fair value hedges relating to bond liabilities. The fair value
movements of these interest rate swaps that hedge interest rate risk are
included in the consolidated income statement. There is an immaterial amount of
hedge ineffectiveness on these swaps.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Group maintains interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps that
qualify for hedge accounting as designated cash flow hedges relating to future
interest payments on bond liabilities. The revaluation of these swaps is
included in the cash flow hedge reserve and is recycled to the income statement
as the interest charges relating to the bond are recorded. There is an
immaterial amount of hedge ineffectiveness related to these hedges.
Syngenta uses forward contracts and purchased currency options to hedge
anticipated foreign currency cash flows. These all qualify for hedge accounting
and are designated as foreign currency cash flow hedges. Gains and losses are
held in the cash flow hedge reserve and are recycled to the income statement in
order to match the revenue recognition of the underlying hedged transaction.
There is an immaterial amount of hedge ineffectiveness related to these hedges.
Syngenta uses forward commodity contracts and purchased options to hedge
anticipated and committed future purchases. These contracts qualify for hedge
accounting and are designated as cash flow hedges. Gains and losses are held in
the cash flow hedge reserve and are recycled to the income statement when the
related purchases are recorded and recognized in the income statement. There is
an immaterial amount of hedge ineffectiveness related to these hedges.
Gains and losses on cash flow hedges are ultimately recorded in the income
statement consistently with the underlying hedged item.
Undesignated Hedges
The Group also maintains cross currency swaps that convert its floating
euro denominated debt into floating U.S. dollar denominated debt. They are not
designated as hedges. These cross currency swaps are recorded at fair value and
the fair value movements recorded in financial expense in the income statement
largely offset the revaluation on the debt liability from euro to U.S. dollar.
Additionally, the Group enters into certain foreign currency transactions that
are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes. The fair value movements
from these transactions are recorded in the income statement.
F-33
The contract values of financial instruments held at December 31, 2002,
2001 and 2000 were as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest Rate Swaps
Less than one year - - -
One to five years 1,516 1,106 -
Five to six years - - 250
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cross Currency Swaps
Less than one year 296 - -
One to five years 677 973 -
Five to six years - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts
Swiss franc 534 450 942
British pound sterling 1,002 756 769
Other European currencies 308 246 14
U.S. dollar 1,313 911 112
Others 61 35 15
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 3,218 2,398 1,852
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maturities on foreign exchange forward contracts range from 3 to 338 days.
Currency Option Contracts
Swiss franc 570 350 -
British pound sterling 446 334 -
U.S. dollar 232 36 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,248 720 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Maturities on currency option contracts range from 8 to 372 days.
The currency shown in the above tables reflects the bought currency, which
is in most cases the functional currency of the entity involved. There are many
sold currencies reflecting the broad range of Syngenta's exposures.
The notional amounts and fair values of the above instruments at December
31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 are as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notional Amount Positive Fair Value Negative Fair Value
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Interest Rate Swaps 1,516 1,106 250 38 - - (57) (22) -
Cross Currency Swaps 973 973 - 247 50 - - - -
Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts 3,218 2,398 1,852 62 13 33 (37) (63) (18)
Currency Option Contracts 1,248 720 - 42 12 - - - -
Commodity Forward Contracts (designated as
cash flow hedges) 32 38 - 2 - - - (2) -
Of the above:
Interest Rate Swaps (designated as cash flow
hedges) 1,516 817 250 31 - (47) (13) -
Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts and Option
Contracts (designated as cash flow hedges) 1,316 749 1,168 25 - 18 - (2) (13)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gains and losses on interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges are
as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gains/(losses) recognized in equity (16) (13) -
Gains/(losses) recognized in net income (8) (5) -
Gains/(losses) adjusted against carrying amount of non-current financial debts 2 (4) -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The forecasted future interest payments designated as the hedged item for
the above interest rate swaps are expected to occur and be reported in net
income as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Less than one year - - -
One to five years (16) (13) -
Five to six years - - -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gains and losses on foreign exchange forward contracts and options
designated as cash flow hedges are as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gains/(losses) recognized in equity 25 (2) -
Gains/(losses) recognized in net income 43 (6) -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-34
The forecasted foreign currency transactions designated as the hedged
items for the above foreign currency forward contracts and options are expected
to occur and to be reported within net income within one year from the balance
sheet date.
Gains and losses on commodity forward contracts designated as cash flow
hedges are as follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gains/(losses) recognized in equity 1 (2) -
Gains/(losses) recognized in net income (1) (1) -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The forecasted transactions designated as the hedged items for the above
commodity forward contracts are expected to occur and be reported within net
income within one year from the balance sheet date.
No gains or losses were reclassified into earnings as a result of cash
flow hedges being discontinued on the grounds that it had become unlikely that
the hedged forecasted transaction would occur.
Available-for-sale financial assets
Unrealized losses of US$40 million on re-measuring available-for-sale
financial assets to fair value were recognized in equity in 2002 (2001 US$11
million). No amounts were reported in net income for the period. Quoted market
prices are used to determine fair value for quoted investments.
Embedded derivatives
Syngenta has procedures which will ensure that existing and new contracts
are reviewed for embedded derivatives and their valuation on an ongoing basis.
The results of the procedures for embedded derivatives show that Syngenta was
not party to any significant contracts that contain embedded derivatives at
December 31, 2002. Those embedded derivatives that potentially had to be
separately accounted for were found to have an immaterial value as of December
31, 2001 and 2000.
Off-balance sheet finance
At December 31, 2002, non-recourse factoring amounted to US$14 million
(2001: US$35 million; 2000: US$75 million). Under these arrangements, Syngenta
has no liability under the factored principal, but pays interest at a
commercial rate until the underlying debtor has either settled or has been
declared insolvent.
Syngenta has no other off-balance sheet financing transactions or
arrangements.
32. Syngenta's operations, associates and joint ventures as at
December 31, 2002
The following are the significant legal entities in the Syngenta group.
Please refer to Note 2, "Accounting Policies" for the appropriate accounting
method applied to each type of entity.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country Domicile Percentage Share Local Function of
Owned By Currency (1) Company
Syngenta
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Argentina
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds S.A. Buenos Aires 100% ARS 980,000 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Agro S.A. Buenos Aires 100% ARS 1,898,205 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Australia
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Crop Protection Pty Ltd. Pendle Hill 100% AUD 13,942,909 Sales/Production
Syngenta Seeds Pty Ltd. Keysborough 100% AUD 1,000,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bangladesh
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Bangladesh Limited Dhaka 60% BDT 102,644,000 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Belgium
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Crop Protection N.V. Ruisbroek 100% EUR 3,809,521 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bermuda
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Investment Ltd. Hamilton 100% BMD 12,000 Finance
Syngenta Reinsurance Ltd. Hamilton 100% BMD 120,000 Reinsurance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Brazil
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds Ltda. Sao Paulo 100% BRL 34,678,391 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Protecao de Cultivos Ltda. Sao Paulo 100% BRL 833,186,731 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Canada
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds Canada, Inc. Arva, Ont 100% CAD 1,000,000 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Crop Protection Canada, Inc. Guelph, Ont 100% CAD 1,700,000 Sales/Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chile
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Agribusiness S.A. Santiago de Chile 100% CLP 2,190,898,985 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-35
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country Domicile Percentage Share Local Function of
Owned By Currency (1) Company
Syngenta
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
China
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta (Suzhou) Crop Protection Company Kunshan 95% CNY 203,747,322 Production
Limited
Syngenta Seeds Co., Ltd. Beijing 100% CNY 1,400,000 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta (China) Investment Company Limited Beijing 100% CNY 293,564,523 Holding/Sales
Syngenta Nantong Crop Protection Company Jiangsu Province 94% CNY 264,900,506 Production
Limited
Syngenta Crop Protection Limited Hong Kong 100% HKD 500,000 Sales
Syngenta Asia Pacific Limited Hong Kong 100% HKD 5,025,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colombia
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta S.A. Bogota 100% COP 58,134,293,300 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Costa Rica
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Costa Rica S.A. San Jose 100% CRC 105,000,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Czech Republic
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Czech s.r.o. Prague 100% CZK 21,100,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Denmark
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds A/S Slagelse 100% DKK 2,000,000 Sales
Syngenta Crop Protection A/S Copenhagen 100% DKK 9,500,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Egypt
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Agro S.A.E. Giza 100% EGP 3,000,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
France
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta France S.A. Saint Cyr 100% EUR 74,017,500 Holding
l'Ecole
Syngenta Seeds S.A.S. Saint-Sauveur 100% EUR 53,715,412 Sales/Production/
Research
Ets. Claude Camille Benoist S.A. Orgerus 100% EUR 1,081,169 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Europe Marketing Services S.A.R.L. Saint Cyr 100% EUR 10,000 Services
l'Ecole
Syngenta Production France S.A.S. Saint Pierre La 100% EUR 37,000 Sales/Production
Garenne
Syngenta Agro. S.A.S. Saint Cyr 100% EUR 44,494,545 Sales/Production/
l'Ecole Research
Agrosem S.A. Sacy-Le-Petit 80% EUR 290,000 Sales/Production/
Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Germany
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds GmbH Kleve 100% EUR 1,330,000 Sales/Research/
Production
Syngenta Germany GmbH Maintal 100% EUR 6,129,000 Holding
Syngenta Agro GmbH Maintal 100% EUR 2,100,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Greece
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Hellas S.A. Athens 100% EUR 3,522,000 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Guatemala
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta LAN, S.A. Guatemala City 100% GTQ 1,941,000 Sales/Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hungary
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds Kft. Budapest 100% HUF 47,450,000 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Kft. Budapest 100% HUF 80,490,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
India
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta India Limited Mumbai 51% INR 159,308,320 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Crop Protection Private Limited Mumbai 100% INR 275,000,000 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indonesia
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P.T. Syngenta Indonesia Jakarta 100% IDR 58,122,874,000 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ireland
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Ireland Limited Dublin 100% EUR 50,789 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Italy
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Crop Protection S.p.A. Milan 100% EUR 5,200,000 Sales/Production
Syngenta Seeds S.p.A. Madignano 100% EUR 5,772,000 Sales/Production/
Research
Agra Societa del Seme S.r.l. Massa Lombarda 100% EUR 3,400,000 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta S.p.A. Milan 100% EUR 1,976,000 Holding
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ivory Coast
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Cote d'Ivoire S.A . Abidjan 100% XOF 3,328,640,000 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-36
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country Domicile Percentage Share Local Function of
Owned By Currency (1) Company
Syngenta
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Japan
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds K.K. Chiba-ken 100% JPY 10,000,000 Sales
Syngenta Japan K.K. Tokyo 100% JPY 475,000,000 Sales/Production/
Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Luxembourg
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Participations AG & Co. SNC Luxembourg 100% USD 100,000 Holding
Syngenta Luxembourg Finance (#2) Sarl Luxembourg 100% USD 12,500 Finance
Syngenta Luxembourg Finance (#2) S.c.A. Luxembourg 100% EUR 100,000 Finance
Syngenta Luxembourg Finance (#1) S.A. Luxembourg 100% USD 100,000 Finance
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Malaysia
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Corporation Sdn. Bhd. Selangor Darul 100% MYR 10,000,002 Holding
Ehsan
Syngenta Crop Protection Sdn. Bhd. Selangor Darul 85% MYR 6,000,000 Sales
Ehsan
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mexico
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Agro, S.A. de C.V. Mexico City 100% MXN 157,530,000 Sales/Production/
Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Morocco
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Maroc S.A. Casablanca 100% MAD 55,000,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Netherlands
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta International Participations B.V. Enkhuizen 100% EUR 907,560 Holding
Syngenta Seeds International B.V. Enkhuizen 100% EUR 68,070 Sales
Syngenta Seeds B.V. Enkhuizen 100% EUR 488,721 Holding/Sales/
Production/
Research
Syngenta Manufacturing B.V. Roosendaal 100% EUR 2,258,900 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Mogen B.V. Ridderkerk 100% EUR 9,343,785 Holding
Stauffer Chemical B.V. Rotterdam 100% EUR 31,583,103 Sales/Production
Syngenta Crop Protection B.V. Rotterdam 100% EUR 19,059 Sales
Syngenta Alpha B.V. Ridderkerk 100% EUR 18,190 Holding
Syngenta Beta B.V. Ridderkerk 100% EUR 18,154 Holding
Syngenta Delta B.V. Ridderkerk 100% EUR 20,002 Holding
Syngenta Kappa B.V. Ridderkerk 100% EUR 20,001 Holding
Syngenta Theta B.V. Ridderkerk 100% EUR 18,626 Holding
Syngenta Holding B.V. Ridderkerk 100% EUR 20,001 Holding
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pakistan
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Pakistan Limited Karachi 99.7% PKR 75,937,500 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Panama
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta S.A. Panama 100% USD 10,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Philippines
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Philippines, Inc. Manila 100% PHP 59,850,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Poland
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Crop Protection Sp.z.o.o. Warsaw 100% PLN 15,000,000 Sales
Syngenta Seeds Sp.z.o.o. Piaseczno 100% PLN 50,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Portugal
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Crop Protection - Solucoes Para A Lisbon 100% EUR 30,000 Sales
Agricultura, Lda.
Zeneca Agro-Produtos para a Agricultura Lda. Lisbon 100% EUR 112,788 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Russian Federation
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OOO Syngenta Moscow 100% RUR 675,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Singapore
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Singapore Pte Ltd. Singapore 100% SGD 500,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
South Africa
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta South Africa (Pty) Ltd. Johannesburg 100% ZAR 100 Sales/Production/
Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
South Korea
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds Co., Ltd. Seoul 100% KRW 8,050,000,000 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Korea Ltd. Seoul 100% KRW 54,950,000,000 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-37
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Country Domicile Percentage Share Local Function of
Owned By Currency (1) Company
Syngenta
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Spain
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Agro S.A. Madrid 100% EUR 7,544,827 Sales/Production
Syngenta Seeds S.A. Barcelona 100% EUR 2,404,000 Sales/Production
Syngenta Spain S.L. Madrid 100% EUR 3,006 Holding
Koipesol Semillas S.A. Seville 68% EUR 3,966,600 Sales/Production/
Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sweden
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds AB Landskrona 100% SEK 210,000,000 Sales/Production/
Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Switzerland
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Supply AG Basel 100% CHF 250,000 Sales
Syngenta Crop Protection AG Basel 100% CHF 257,000 Holding/Sales/
Production/
Research
Syngenta Seeds AG Basel 100% CHF 100,000 Holding
Syngenta Agro AG Dielsdorf 100% CHF 2,100,000 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Crop Protection Schweizerhalle AG Schweizerhalle 100% CHF 103,000 Production
Syngenta Crop Protection Munchwilen AG Munchwilen 100% CHF 5,010,000 Production/
Research
Syngenta Crop Protection Monthey SA Monthey 100% CHF 70,000,000 Production
CIMO Compagnie Industrielle de Monthey SA Monthey 50% CHF 10,000,000 Production
SF-Chem AG Schweizerhalle 75% CHF 7,200,000 Sales/Production
Syngenta International AG Basel 100% CHF 100,000 Management Services
Syngenta Participations AG Basel 100% CHF 25,000,000 Holding
Syngenta South Asia AG Basel 100% CHF 9,000,000 Holding
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Taiwan
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Taiwan Ltd. Taipei 100% TWD 30,000,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thailand
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Crop Protection Limited Bangkok 100% THB 72,230,400 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Turkey
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Tarim Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. Izmir 100% TRL 2,035,000,000,000 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United Kingdom
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Seeds Limited Guildford 100% GBP 1,760,935 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Bioline Production Limited Little Clacton 100% GBP 10,000 Sales/Production
Syngenta Crop Protection UK Limited Guildford 100% GBP 500 Sales/Research
Syngenta Grimsby Limited Guildford 100% GBP 10,000,000 Production
Syngenta Holdings Limited Guildford 100% GBP 135 Holding
Syngenta Treasury Services Limited Guildford 100% GBP 100 Management
Services
Syngenta Europe Limited Guildford 100% GBP 1 Management
Services
Syngenta Limited Guildford 100% GBP 464,566,941 Holding/ Production/
Research
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
United States
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. Greensboro, NC 100% USD 1,001 Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Seeds, Inc. Golden Valley MN 100% USD - Sales/Production/
Research
Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc. Research 100% USD - Research
Triangle Park,
NC
Syngenta Corporation Wilmington, DE 100% USD 100 Holding
Syngenta Finance Corporation Wilmington, DE 100% USD 10 Finance
Syngenta Investment Corporation Wilmington, DE 100% USD 1,000 Intellectual Property
GB Biosciences Corporation Houston, TX 100% USD - Production
Torrey Mesa Research Institute San Diego, CA 100% USD 1,000 Research
Zeneca Ag Products Holdings, Inc. Wilmington, DE 100% USD 1,000 Holding
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ukraine
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
TOV Syngenta Kiev 100% USD 15,000 Sales
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vietnam
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Syngenta Vietnam Limited Bien Hoa City 100% UND 55,063,000,000 Sales/Production
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-38
In addition, Syngenta is represented by operations, associates or joint
ventures in the following countries: Austria, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Cuba, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guadeloupe, Iran, Kenya, New
Zealand, Nigeria, Paraguay, Peru, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sri Lanka,
Swaziland, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yugoslavia and Zimbabwe.
Note 1. Currency code used is according to ISO 4217.
Listed Companies
Syngenta India Limited is listed on the Calcutta Stock Exchange and the
Mumbai Stock Exchange. On December 31, 2002, it had a market capitalization of
INR 4,046,431,328, and is subject to a public share purchase offer which opened
on December 30, 2002. International Securities Identification Number: INE.
402.CO.1016.
33. Significant differences between IFRS and United States Generally
Accepted Accounting Principles
Syngenta's consolidated financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with IFRS, which as applied by Syngenta, differs in certain
significant respects from U.S. GAAP. The effects of the application of U.S.
GAAP to net income and equity are set out in the tables below:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million, except earnings per share amounts) Notes 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income/(loss) reported under IFRS (27) 34 564
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
Purchase accounting: Zeneca agrochemicals business a 46 (288) (271)
Purchase accounting: other acquisitions b (167) (141) (92)
Restructuring charges c (3) - -
Pension provisions (including post-retirement benefits) d 1 2 -
Stock-based compensation e (3) (3) (21)
Deferred taxes on unrealized profit in inventory f (4) 5 4
Capitalized costs, less disposals and depreciation g (2) 8 (1)
Impairment losses h (30) - -
Deferred tax effect on U.S. GAAP adjustments 24 136 (3)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income/(loss) reported under U.S. GAAP (165) (247) 180
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share under U.S. GAAP (1.62) (2.44) 2.43
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity reported under IFRS 4,350 4,086 4,210
U.S. GAAP adjustments:
Purchase accounting: Zeneca agrochemicals business a (483) (468) (240)
Purchase accounting: other acquisitions b 931 1,098 1,239
Restructuring charges c (7) - -
Pension provisions (including post-retirement benefits) d (97) (3) (5)
Stock-based compensation e - - -
Deferred taxes on unrealized profit in inventory f (37) (33) (37)
Capitalized costs, less disposals and depreciation g 27 28 20
Impairment losses h 23 - -
Deferred tax effect on U.S. GAAP adjustments (174) (291) (367)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Equity reported under U.S. GAAP 4,533 4,417 4,820
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Components of equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP:
Share capital 667 667 667
Additional paid-in capital 5,174 5,174 5,174
Treasury shares, at cost (512) (518) (524)
Retained deficit (518) (305) (58)
Accumulated other comprehensive income:
- Currency translation adjustment (263) (573) (439)
- Unrealized holding gains/(losses) on available-for-sale financial assets 2 (11) -
- Derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges 13 (17) -
- Additional minimum pension liability adjustment (94) - -
- Deferred taxes 64 - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 4,533 4,417 4,820
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-39
Adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142
Syngenta has complied with SFAS 142 "Goodwill and Intangible Assets" with
effect from January 1, 2002.
As a consequence of the adoption of SFAS 142 as from January 1, 2002,
goodwill amortization under U.S. GAAP ceased from that date. SFAS 142 changes
the accounting measurement for goodwill from an amortization method to an
impairment only method. Under IFRS, goodwill is still required to be amortized.
SFAS 142 does not require prior periods to be restated. Therefore, in all
tables presented in this note, 2002 amounts are presented in compliance with
SFAS 142 whereas 2001 and 2000 amounts are not. The following table sets forth
on a post-tax basis what Syngenta's consolidated U.S. GAAP net income/(loss)
and earnings/(loss) per share would have been in 2001 and 2000 if adjusted to
exclude amortization expense related to goodwill and other intangible assets
that are no longer amortized.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reported net income/(loss) under U.S. GAAP (165) (247) 180
Amortization expense for goodwill and assembled workforce - 42 26
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted net income/(loss) under U.S. GAAP (165) (205) 206
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reported earnings/(loss) per share under U.S. GAAP (basic and diluted) (1.62) (2.44) 2.43
Amortization expense for goodwill and assembled workforce - 0.42 0.35
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjusted earnings/(loss) per share under U.S. GAAP (basic and diluted) (1.62) (2.02) 2.78
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Changes in shareholders' equity in accordance with U.S. GAAP are as
follows:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1, 2000 (U.S. GAAP) 3,491
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income for the year under U.S. GAAP 180
Net transfers to Novartis (1) (164)
Issuance of shares in consideration for Zeneca agrochemicals business 1,945
Acquisition of treasury shares (524)
Foreign currency translation adjustment (108)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2000 (U.S. GAAP) 4,820
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss for the year under U.S. GAAP (247)
Issuance of shares under employee share purchase plan 6
Unrealized holding gains/(losses) on available-for-sale financial assets (11)
Net gains/(losses) on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges (17)
Foreign currency translation adjustment (134)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2001 (U.S. GAAP) 4,417
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net loss for the year under U.S. GAAP (165)
Issuance of shares under employee share purchase plan 6
Dividends paid to group shareholders (48)
Unrealized holding gains/(losses) on available-for-sale financial assets 13
Net gains/(losses) on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges 30
Additional minimum pension liability (94)
Income taxes (charged)/credited to shareholders' equity 64
Foreign currency translation adjustment 310
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31, 2002 (U.S. GAAP) 4,533
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net transfers to Novartis includes transfers of US$183 million on an IFRS
basis net of transfers of pension and stock-based compensation amounts upon
spin-off.
a: Purchase accounting: Zeneca agrochemicals business
As discussed in Note 3, the merger of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca
agrochemicals business resulted in the formation of Syngenta. For accounting
purposes this transaction is presented in the consolidated financial statements
as a purchase business combination with Novartis agribusiness being the
acquirer of Zeneca agrochemicals business.
In accordance with IAS 22 (revised), the difference between the purchase
price and the aggregate fair value of tangible and intangible assets and
liabilities acquired in a business combination is capitalized as goodwill and
amortized over its useful life. There is a rebuttable presumption in IAS 22
(revised) that the useful life of goodwill does not exceed 20 years. Under U.S.
GAAP, the difference between the purchase price paid and the fair value of net
assets acquired as part of a business combination is capitalized as goodwill
but since the adoption of SFAS 142 this is no longer amortized. The allocation
of purchase price also differs and is shown below.
F-40
The purchase price allocation was as follows under U.S. GAAP:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
U.S. GAAP purchase accounting 2001 2002
purchase purchase
price 2002 price
(US$ million) allocation changes allocation
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intangible assets related to marketed products 1,491 - 1,491
Property, plant and equipment 1,200 - 1,200
Assembled workforce 142 - 142
Other identifiable intangible assets 149 - 149
In-process R&D 365 - 365
Current assets 2,013 - 2,013
Current liabilities (2,166) - (2,166)
Other net liabilities (1,624) 23 (1,601)
Goodwill 195 (23) 172
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1,765 - 1,765
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The components of the equity and income adjustment related to the U.S. GAAP
purchase accounting adjustments are as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
Components to reconcile Components to reconcile Components to reconcile
(US$ million) Net income Equity Net income Equity Net income Equity
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembled workforce - - (14) 126 (2) 140
In-process R&D - - - - (365) -
Restructuring - - 81 (3) 93 -
Property, plant and equipment 6 (48) (175) (54) - -
Intangible assets - marketed products 2 (44) (108) (47) - -
Other changes - (23) (81) - - -
Goodwill 38 (368) 9 (490) 3 (380)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total adjustment 46 (483) (288) (468) (271) (240)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembled Workforce
Under IFRS, the value assigned to Zeneca agrochemicals business' assembled
workforce acquired by Syngenta is treated as goodwill and amortized over 20
years. Under U.S. GAAP, through December 31, 2001, the amortization charge was
taken over an estimated average employ a service life of 10 years. With effect
from January 1, 2002, in accordance with SFAS 142, assembled workforce, net of
related deferred taxes of US$42 million, has been reclassified as goodwill.
In-Process Research and Development
Under IFRS, in-process research and development costs are not identified as an
acquired asset in connection with the allocation of the purchase price but
rather capitalized as goodwill and amortized over their expected useful lives.
U.S. GAAP requires the identification of in-process research and development as
a component of the purchase price allocation. Such amounts in which
technological feasibility has not been established and that have no alternative
future use must be charged as an expense at the time of acquisition. In
accordance with U.S. GAAP, Syngenta has expensed in-process research and
development of US$365 million in connection with the acquisition of Zeneca
agrochemicals business in 2000.
Restructuring
Restructuring costs of US$93 million charged to net income under IFRS were
included in 2000 as non-income fair value adjustments within purchase
accounting for Zeneca agrochemicals business under U.S. GAAP.
In 2001, restructuring costs of US$81 million charged to net income under IFRS
were included as non-income fair value adjustments within purchase accounting
for Zeneca agrochemicals business under U.S. GAAP. Also, relocation expenses of
US$3 million associated with one restructuring plan, which were not recognized
under IFRS, as the employees had not relocated as at December 31, 2001 in
accordance with IAS 37, were recognized as a liability and as part of the
purchase price allocation under EITF 95-3. In 2002, this item is presented in
the line "Restructuring charges" - see item c below.
Property, plant and equipment and Intangible assets related to marketed products
Under IFRS, an intangible asset was recognized during 2001 for two products
which achieved registration for sale during the purchase price allocation
period but were recognized as in-process research and development in the 2000
financial statements for U.S. GAAP. For U.S. GAAP purposes, in-process research
and development has not been adjusted to reflect this capitalization under
IFRS.
In 2001, Syngenta reviewed the recoverability of property, plant and equipment
and intangible assets related to marketed products associated with certain
products reported within the Crop Protection segment, in view of the impact of
pre-acquisition changes in selling prices and competitive pressure. While the
evaluation of information obtained subsequent to the acquisition date
pertaining to events and conditions existing at that date permitted an
adjustment to the purchase price allocation pursuant to IAS 22 (Note 3), under
U.S. GAAP the post-acquisition evaluation triggered the recognition of an
impairment loss pursuant to SFAS 121. Impairment losses of US$282 million were
therefore recognized pursuant to SFAS 121 in U.S. GAAP net loss for 2001 in
respect of certain products assumed in the Zeneca agrochemicals business
combination. The impairment losses were calculated based on discounted net cash
flows expected to be generated over the respective estimated product lives. In
2002, the charge for depreciation and amortization of these assets under U.S.
GAAP was US$8
F-41
million less than under IFRS as a result of the fact that the recoverable
amounts of the assets were determined at different dates and were consequently
different.
Other changes
SOP 96-1 sets forth the U.S. GAAP accounting and disclosure requirements for
environmental remediation liabilities and refers to the guidance in SAB 92 with
respect to environmental liabilities assumed in a business. In 2001 Syngenta
recorded US$63 million as a purchase accounting allocation adjustment under
IFRS (Note 3), but as a change in estimate within the 2001 net loss under U.S.
GAAP. Syngenta also recorded in 2001 US$15 million related to receivables
recorded at acquisition date, which were subsequently determined to be
uncollectible. Of the US$15 million, US$11 million related to value added tax
now considered unlikely to be recovered from the respective government
authorities. Under U.S. GAAP (SAB 61), the information obtained subsequent to
acquisition date, permitting a purchase price allocation adjustment under IAS
22, was accounted for as a change in estimate within the 2001 net loss.
Syngenta also recorded in 2001 US$3 million related to an inventory provision.
Under IFRS, the documentation supporting the provision provides additional
evidence of circumstances at the date of the acquisition balance sheet, and was
accounted for as a purchase accounting adjustment, but, as the documentation is
post-acquisition, under U.S. GAAP, it was accounted for as a change in estimate
within the 2001 net loss.
In 2002, to reflect new developments in income tax matters which were uncertain
at the date of acquisition, Syngenta recorded a US$23 million reduction in
income tax liabilities. IAS 22 requires changes in estimates of pre-acquisition
income tax liabilities to be recorded in net income if they are made after the
end of the first full accounting period following the acquisition - in this
case, after December 31, 2001. Under U.S. GAAP (EITF 93-7 and SFAS 109),
changes in estimates relating to taxes of the acquired entity and to periods
prior to the acquisition date are adjusted against goodwill in whichever
subsequent period they are made.
b: Purchase accounting: other acquisitions
The components of the equity and income adjustments related to the U.S. GAAP
purchase accounting adjustments for 2002, 2001 and 2000 related to other
acquisitions are as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2002 2001 2000
Components to reconcile Components to reconcile Components to reconcile
(US$ million) Net income Equity Net income Equity Net income Equity
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ciba-Geigy (174) 864 (134) 1,038 (85) 1,172
Pre-1995 goodwill (8) 81 (10) 89 (10) 99
Merck goodwill 6 (23) 3 (29) 3 (32)
Other goodwill 9 9 - - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (167) 931 (141) 1,098 (92) 1,239
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ciba-Geigy
Novartis, the former parent company of Novartis agribusiness, was formed in
1996 by the merger of Sandoz and Ciba-Geigy. The accounting treatment for the
1996 merger of Sandoz and Ciba-Geigy under IFRS is different from the
accounting treatment under U.S. GAAP. For IFRS purposes, the merger was
accounted for as a uniting of interests, however, for U.S. GAAP the merger did
not meet all of the required conditions of Accounting Principles Board Opinion
No. 16 for a pooling in interests and therefore has been accounted for as a
purchase under U.S. GAAP. The merger was consummated before the effective date
of Interpretation 9 of the SIC on accounting for business combinations. Under
U.S. GAAP, Sandoz is deemed to be the acquirer with the assets and liabilities
of Ciba-Geigy being recorded at their estimated fair values and the results of
Ciba-Geigy being included from December 20, 1996. Syngenta has specifically
identified the fair value adjustments of the Ciba-Geigy U.S. GAAP purchase
price allocation that pertain to Syngenta.
The fair value of net assets acquired exceeded the purchase price resulting in
negative goodwill of US$1,163 million which was allocated to the acquired
non-current, non-monetary assets. The recording of deferred tax assets and
liabilities related to the temporary differences between the assigned fair
values of assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases resulted in the
allocation of a deferred tax adjustment to the net assets purchased.
The fair value of the non-current, non-monetary assets on the date of
acquisition has been reduced proportionately by negative goodwill. The final
values assigned were as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intangible assets related to marketed products 1,787
Property, plant and equipment 1,095
Other identifiable intangible assets 257
In-process R&D 866
Other net assets 1,471
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 5,476
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The main component of the equity and income adjustments related to the
Ciba-Geigy U.S. GAAP purchase accounting adjustment relates to the net book
value and amortization of intangible assets over their useful lives.
Also, a product was divested in 2001 in compliance with requirements of the
competition authorities on the formation of Syngenta. The retirement of the
U.S. GAAP carrying amount of the related intangible asset of US$21 million is
included in the adjustment for 2001.
The U.S. GAAP fair values of certain former Ciba-Geigy products have been
reviewed to consider the effects of the Zeneca agrochemicals business
acquisition and other changes in market conditions. An impairment loss of US$83
million has been recorded against the U.S. GAAP carrying amount of certain
product rights and this loss is included in the adjustment for 2002. An
impairment loss of US$16 million was recorded in the adjustment for 2001.
F-42
Pre-1995 Goodwill
In accordance with IAS 22 (revised), the difference between the purchase price
and the aggregate fair value of tangible and intangible assets and liabilities
acquired in a business combination is capitalized as goodwill and amortized
over its useful life. There is a rebuttable presumption under IAS 22 (revised)
that the useful life of goodwill does not exceed 20 years. Under U.S. GAAP, the
difference between the purchase price and fair value of net assets acquired as
part of a business combination is capitalized as goodwill, but since the
adoption of SFAS 142 this is no longer amortized.
Prior to January 1, 1995, Syngenta wrote-off all goodwill directly to equity in
accordance with IFRS existing at that time. The adoption of IAS 22 (revised)
did not require prior period restatement. Accordingly, a U.S. GAAP difference
exists with respect to pre-January 1, 1995 goodwill, and, in respect of 2001
and prior years, amortization of that goodwill. In accordance with SFAS 142,
the goodwill ceased to be amortized with effect from January 1, 2002.
Merck & Co, Inc.
Under IFRS, in-process research and development costs are not identified as an
acquired asset in connection with the allocation of the purchase price but
rather capitalized as goodwill and amortized over their expected useful lives.
U.S. GAAP requires the identification of in-process research and development as
a component of the purchase price allocation. Such amounts in which
technological feasibility has not been established and that have no alternative
future use, must be charged as an expense at the time of acquisition. In
accordance with U.S. GAAP, Syngenta expensed in-process research and
development of US$38 million in 1997 in connection with the acquisition of
product rights and related net assets from Merck & Co., Inc. As a result, the
goodwill amount recognized under IFRS was higher than under U.S. GAAP. In
accordance with SFAS 142, the goodwill ceased to be amortized for U.S. GAAP
with effect from January 1, 2002, but continued to be amortized for IFRS.
c: Restructuring charges
Under IFRS, restructuring charges are accrued against operating income in the
period in which Syngenta develops a detailed formal plan in respect of the
restructuring, a valid expectation has been raised in those affected by the
restructuring that termination benefits will be paid, and the amount can be
reasonably estimated. However, relocation costs cannot be recognized as
liabilities until an employee actually relocates. Under U.S. GAAP relocation
costs of US$3 million were recognized in 2001 in respect of an announced plan
to relocate former Zeneca agrochemicals business employees where relocations
have not yet taken place. This adjustment is shown in the line "Purchase
Accounting; Zeneca agrochemicals" in the net income and equity U.S. GAAP
reconciliation for 2001. In 2002, relocation costs of US$3 million were
recognized for U.S. GAAP in line with EITF 94-3, in respect of the announced
restructuring of research and development. The employees concerned had not yet
relocated as of December 31, 2002. Both the 2001 Zeneca related and the 2002
relocation cost adjustments are shown in the line "Restructuring charges" in
the 2002 U.S. GAAP shareholders' equity reconciliation.
The following schedule reconciles restructuring provisions under IFRS to
amounts determined under U.S. GAAP:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring provisions in accordance with IFRS 273 257 350
Reclassification of restructuring provisions to property, plant and equipment - - -
Adjustments in restructuring provisions to accord with U.S. GAAP 7 3 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring provisions in accordance with U.S. GAAP 280 260 350
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjustments to restructuring provisions to accord with U.S. GAAP are comprised
of the following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employee termination costs 7 3 -
Other third-party costs - - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjustments to restructuring provisions to accord with U.S. GAAP 7 3 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring provisions in accordance with U.S. GAAP are comprised of the
following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Employee termination costs 177 150 94
Other third-party costs 103 110 256
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring provisions in accordance with U.S. GAAP 280 260 350
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring charges in accordance with U.S. GAAP are comprised of the
following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total charges in accordance with IFRS 262 263 316
Adjustments in restructuring charges to accord with U.S. GAAP 3 (81) (93)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring charges in accordance with U.S. GAAP 265 182 223
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-43
Adjustments to restructuring charges to accord with U.S. GAAP are comprised of
the following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Restructuring provision recognition 3 - -
Fair value adjustments (Note 33a) - (81) (93)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adjustments to restructuring charges to accord with U.S. GAAP 3 (81) (93)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d: Pension provisions (including post-retirement benefits)
Under IFRS, pension costs and similar obligations are accounted for in
accordance with IAS 19 (revised), "Employee Benefits". For purposes of U.S.
GAAP, pension costs for defined benefit plans are accounted for in accordance
with SFAS No. 87 "Employers' Accounting for Pensions," other post-employment
benefits are recorded in accordance with SFAS No. 106 "Employers' Accounting
for Post-retirement Benefits other than Pensions" and the disclosure is
presented in accordance with SFAS No. 132 "Employers' Disclosures about
Pensions and Other Post-retirement Benefits". Syngenta adopted SFAS No. 87 as
of January 1, 1998, whereas it adopted IAS 19 (revised) as of January 1, 1999;
the difference in adoption dates results in a change in unrecognized actuarial
amounts and the timing of any related amortization for both pension and
post-retirement benefit plans.
Certain defined benefit pension plan amendments resulted in US$2 million (2001:
US$5 million) of past service costs, which were recognized in net income under
IAS 19 (revised) but will be amortized over the average future working lives of
employees for U.S. GAAP as required by SFAS 87.
Curtailment and settlement gains were recognized in 2002 and 2001 for IFRS as a
result of restructuring actions under which Syngenta has materially reduced, or
is committed to make material reductions in, the number of employees who are
members of certain pension plans. Under IAS 19 (revised), a proportion of
unrecognized actuarial gains or losses is recognized in net income when a
curtailment or settlement occurs, in addition to the change in benefit
obligation and, if applicable, plan assets. Under SFAS 88, there is no such
proportionate recognition of unrecognized gains and losses when a curtailment
occurs. Consequently, certain losses (2001: certain gains) recognized for IFRS
in net loss (2001: net income) have not been recognized for U.S. GAAP. Also,
under IAS 19 (revised), the net curtailment result is recognized in net income
whether it is a gain or loss. Under SFAS 88, curtailment gains are only
recognized to the extent that they exceed cumulative unrecognized actuarial
losses at the curtailment date. Consequently, certain gains recognized for IFRS
in net loss (2001: net income) have not been recognized for U.S. GAAP. The
timing of recognition of curtailments and settlements under U.S. GAAP and IFRS
also differs. Under IFRS, curtailments and settlements are recognized at the
same time as the related restructuring provisions. Under SFAS 88, curtailment
losses are recognized when their occurrence becomes probable, while curtailment
gains and settlements are not recognized until the event or transaction which
causes the curtailment or settlement has occurred. Consequently, certain gains
recognized for IFRS in net loss (2001: net income) have not been recognized for
U.S. GAAP.
The following is a reconciliation of the balance sheet and income statement
amounts recognized for IFRS and U.S. GAAP for both pension and post-retirement
benefit plans:
Pension benefits
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Asset/(liability) recognized for IFRS 38 (59) (53)
Difference in unrecognized past service costs 6 5 -
Additional minimum pension liability for U.S. GAAP (94) - -
Effect of curtailment recognition timing on reported funded status (9) (1) -
Difference in unrecognized actuarial gains and losses 14 (2) 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prepaid asset/(liability) recognized for U.S. GAAP (45) (57) (52)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net periodic benefit cost recognized for IFRS 117 72 12
Past service cost not recognized for U.S. GAAP (2) (5) -
Curtailment and settlement gains/(losses) not recognized for U.S. GAAP (10) 3 -
Amortization of actuarial amounts 3 - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net periodic benefit cost recognized for U.S. GAAP 108 70 12
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other post-retirement benefits
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liability recognized for IFRS (112) (108) (103)
Difference in unrecognized amounts (13) (5) (5)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liability recognized for U.S. GAAP (125) (113) (108)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net periodic benefit cost recognized for IFRS 10 10 4
Amortization of actuarial amounts 8 - -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net periodic benefit cost recognized for U.S. GAAP 18 10 4
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
e: Stock-based compensation
Syngenta does not account for stock-based compensation expense in the income
statement under IFRS, as it is not required. Under U.S. GAAP, Syngenta has
applied the intrinsic method, in accordance with Accounting Principles Board
Opinion No. 25 "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" and related
interpretations ("APB No. 25"), in accounting for all stock-based compensation
plans for all periods presented in these financial statements.
F-44
The Syngenta Executive Stock Option Plan is considered to be fixed under APB
No. 25, as the number of shares to be issued and exercise price were both known
at the date of grant. No compensation expense was recorded as the exercise
price exceeded the market price on the date of grant.
In 2001, Syngenta introduced an Employee Share Purchase Plan for employees in
certain Swiss subsidiaries. This plan was considered to be compensatory based
on the amount of the discount allowed for employee share purchases. For U.S.
GAAP, compensation expense of US$3 million (2001: US$3 million) was recorded at
the grant date, calculated as the spread between the share price on the date of
purchase and the purchase price. Under IFRS, this amount was recorded as a
movement in shareholders' equity. 108,199 shares were sold to Syngenta
employees during 2002 (2001: 123,336 shares). The discount to the Syngenta
share price was 50% (2001: 50%).
Prior to the Separation Date, certain Syngenta employees participated in three
Novartis-sponsored plans that were subject to measurement under APB No. 25.
These included the Novartis Stock Option Plan, the Management ADR Appreciation
Cash Plan and the Employee Share Ownership Plan. At the Separation Date,
Syngenta discontinued participation in the Novartis Stock Option Plan and the
Management ADR Appreciation Cash Plan. The Employee Share Ownership Plan was
discontinued at December 31, 2000.
SFAS No. 123 "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation" and SFAS No. 148
"Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation - Transition and Disclosure" require
entities which have applied the intrinsic value method to provide additional
disclosures showing amounts which would have been reported in the financial
statements if the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based
compensation had been applied:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income/(loss) under U.S. GAAP, as reported (165) (247) 180
Stock-based employee compensation cost under U.S. GAAP, as reported 3 3 21
Stock-based employee compensation cost which would have been reported for U.S. GAAP
under the fair value based method. (12) (7) (17)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proforma net income/(loss) under U.S. GAAP, as if the fair value based method had
been applied (174) (251) 184
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share under U.S. GAAP, as reported (1.62) (2.44) 2.43
Proforma basic and diluted earnings/(loss) per share under U.S. GAAP as if the fair value
based method had been applied (1.71) (2.47) 2.49
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------
The weighted average assumptions used in determining fair value of option
grants were as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dividend yield 1.4% 1.4% 1.3%
Expected volatility 22.8% 22.8% 23.0%
Risk-free interest rate 3.4% 4.5% 3.7%
Expected life 10 years 10 years 10 years
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------- ----------
Actual dividend yield may vary from the assumptions used above.
f: Deferred taxes on unrealized profit in inventory
Under IAS 12 (revised 2000), unrealized profits resulting from intercompany
transactions are eliminated from the carrying amount of assets, such as
inventory. The tax effect thereon is calculated with reference to the local tax
rate of the company that holds the inventory (the buyer) at the period-end.
However, U.S. GAAP prohibits the recognition of a deferred tax asset for the
difference between the tax basis of the assets in the buyer's tax jurisdiction
and their cost as reported in the historical consolidated financial statements
and requires the deferral of the seller's tax expense incurred upon the
intercompany sale.
g: Capitalized costs, less disposals and depreciation
(1) Capitalized interest
Syngenta does not capitalize interest on constructed assets, as it is not
required by IFRS. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, interest costs incurred during
the construction period (i.e., the period of time necessary to bring a
constructed fixed asset to the condition and location necessary for its
intended use) must be capitalized and amortized over the useful life of the
asset. Under U.S. GAAP, Syngenta would have capitalized US$1 million, US$11
million and US$2 million, of interest costs that were expensed for IFRS
reporting purposes for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000
respectively. This amount is net of amortization expense of US$4 million, US$1
million and US$1 million respectively.
(2) Capitalized software
Syngenta has capitalized software costs in accordance with IAS 38 as from
January 1, 2000. For U.S. GAAP purposes, costs incurred in the development of
software for internal use have been capitalized from January 1, 1999, the date
on which Syngenta adopted the provisions of Statement of Position 98-1,
"Accounting for the Costs of Computer Software Developed or Obtained for
Internal Use". These costs are being amortized over a three-year period. Under
U.S. GAAP, for the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 related
amortization would have exceeded the relevant capitalized software costs by
US$3 million, US$2 million and US$2 million respectively.
F-45
h: Impairment losses
(1) Goodwill
In accordance with IAS 36, goodwill has been reviewed for impairment at the
lowest level of cash-generating unit where cash flows are separately
identifiable. This has led to impairments of US$23 million being recognized.
Since the adoption of SFAS 142, under U.S. GAAP, goodwill is required to be
tested for impairment at the level of reporting unit. On review of published
guidance, Syngenta has determined that the operating segments are the most
appropriate interpretation of the definition of reporting unit. Under SFAS 131,
Syngenta's operating segments are the same as its reportable segments.
Hence, under U.S. GAAP, goodwill was tested for impairment at the segment
level. For each segment, there was no indication of impairment to goodwill from
the first step of the test set out in SFAS 142 for either the transitional test
performed with data as at January 1, 2002 or the annual test performed with
data as at September 30, 2002. As a result, impairment has been recognized
under IFRS, but not under U.S. GAAP, due to the differences between the
prescribed testing regimes. There have been no significant events or changes in
circumstances between September 30, 2002 and the balance sheet date that
indicate goodwill needs to be re-tested for impairment.
(2) Available-for-sale financial assets
Under IAS 39, where an entity has chosen to report changes in fair value of
available-for-sale financial assets in shareholders' equity, it continues to do
so even if the market value of an asset falls below cost, unless impairment is
objectively evidenced by events such as default, bankruptcy or significant
financial difficulty of the investee occurring or becoming probable. These
events have not occurred or become probable in respect of any
available-for-sale assets held by Syngenta and, accordingly, no impairment has
been recorded for IFRS. However, under SFAS 115 as interpreted by SAB 59,
impairment is recorded when there is a decline, which is other than temporary,
in the value of an available-for-sale security with a readily determinable fair
value, unless there is objective evidence that the asset can be realized in the
near term at a value in excess of its current market price. Therefore, due to
the decline in the market price of certain quoted available-for-sale assets to
a level below their original cost, Syngenta has recorded an impairment loss of
US$53 million within the 2002 U.S. GAAP net loss in relation to these assets.
Additional U.S. GAAP disclosures
Amortization of intangible assets
Amortization expense under U.S. GAAP for intangible assets, excluding goodwill
was US$296 million, US$290 million and US$177 million for the years ended
December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 respectively.
The estimated amortization expense for intangible assets under U.S. GAAP for
each of the five years following the balance sheet date is as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2003 263
2004 245
2005 240
2006 235
2007 213
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Carrying amount of goodwill
The movements in the carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December
31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 were as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current (153) (144) (339)
January 1 458 521 353
Additions due to purchase business combinations (23) (10) 222
Amortization expense - (33) (24)
Impairment losses - (19) (15)
Other movements 62 5 -
Translation effects 9 (6) (15)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 506 458 521
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The above figures are analyzed by reportable segment as follows. No goodwill is
attributable to the Plant Science segment.
Crop Protection
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1 331 388 193
Additions due to purchase business combinations (23) (11) 222
Amortization expense - (23) (13)
Impairment losses - (17) -
Other movements 70 (1) 3
Translation effects 9 (5) (17)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 387 331 388
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-46
Seeds
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1 127 133 160
Additions due to purchase business combinations - 1 -
Amortization expense - (10) (11)
Impairment losses - (2) (15)
Other movements (8) 6 (3)
Translation effects - (1) 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 119 127 133
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Shipping and handling costs
Syngenta classifies shipping and handling costs associated with purchasing and
movements of products between Syngenta locations within Cost of goods sold.
Shipping and handling costs directly related to delivery of products to
third-party customers are classified within Marketing and distribution. The
amount included in Marketing and distribution in 2002 was US$121 million.
Taxes
Income tax expense in accordance with U.S. GAAP consists of the following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Current (153) (144) (339)
Deferred 104 209 -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total income tax (expense)/benefit (49) 65 (339)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deferred income taxes in accordance with U.S. GAAP consist of the following:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assets associated with:
- inventories 133 128 131
- accounts receivable 57 38 58
- property, plant and equipment - - 40
- pension and employee costs 136 93 75
- other provisions 167 240 179
- net operating losses 211 231 111
- other 168 113 155
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets 872 843 749
Less valuation allowance (203) (209) (117)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total assets, net 669 634 632
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Liabilities associated with:
- property, plant and equipment depreciation 219 203 377
- intangible assets 785 888 928
- other provisions and accruals 310 362 362
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total liabilities 1,314 1,453 1,667
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net deferred tax asset/(liability) (645) (819) (1,035)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A reversal of the valuation allowance could occur when circumstances result in
the realization of deferred tax assets becoming more likely than not. This
would result in a decrease in Syngenta's effective tax rate.
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2002, 2001
and 2000 was US$203 million, US$209 million, and US$117 million respectively.
The net change in the total valuation allowance for the periods ended December
31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 was a decrease of US$6 million, an increase of US$92
million, and a decrease of US$26 million respectively.
The movement on the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets during the year
was as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
January 1 (209) (117)
Net operating losses and deductible temporary differences:
- arising during the period but not recognized (57) (73)
- which arose in previous periods and were recognized in the period 23 (25)
- which expired during the period - 2
Translation effects 40 4
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
December 31 (203) (209)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers
whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax
assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is
dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in
which those temporary differences become deductible or in which tax losses can
be utilized. In making this assessment, management considers the scheduled
reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax
planning
F-47
strategies. Based upon the level of historical taxable income and
projections for future taxable income over the periods in which the deferred
tax assets are deductible, management believes that it is more likely than not
that Syngenta will realize the benefits of these deductible differences, net of
the existing valuation allowances, at December 31, 2002. The amount of the
deferred tax asset considered realizable could however be reduced in subsequent
years if estimates of future taxable income during the carry forward period are
reduced.
The valuation allowances principally relate to deferred tax assets arising from
taxable losses and deductible temporary differences in jurisdictions where
there was insufficient evidence to support the likelihood of their utilization
against taxable profits in future periods. The principal jurisdictions where
valuation allowances against tax losses have been established are China,
Switzerland, Brazil, Argentina and the USA.
Certain reclassifications have been made to the 2001 deferred tax assets and
valuation allowances in order to present them in a manner consistent with 2002.
The analysis of the tax rate that follows has been adjusted accordingly.
Analysis of tax rate
The main elements contributing to the difference between Syngenta's overall
expected tax rate and the effective tax rate for U.S. GAAP for the years ended
December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 are given below.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Statutory tax rate 25 25 25
Overseas income taxed at different rates (1) 15 4
Effect of disallowed expenditures (22) (6) 10
Effect of utilization of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets 21 2 (2)
Effect of non-recognition of tax losses in current year (15) (23) 17
Write-off of purchased in-process research and development - - 23
Effect of change in tax rates on opening deferred tax balances (9) - -
Increase in valuation allowance against previously recognized deferred tax assets (33) - -
Prior year and other items (11) 8 (13)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effective tax rate (45) 21 64
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subsequently recognized tax benefits relating to the valuation of deferred tax
assets as of December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000 would be allocated as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Income tax benefit that would be reported in the consolidated statement of net income 155 161 69
Goodwill 48 48 48
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 203 209 117
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Foreign currency translation
Syngenta has accounted for operations in highly-inflationary economies in
accordance with IAS 21 (revised) and IAS 29. The accounting required under IAS
21 (revised) and IAS 29 complies with the rules as promulgated by the US
Securities and Exchange Commission but is different from that required by U.S.
GAAP. As such, no reconciling adjustment has been included for this difference
between IAS and U.S. GAAP.
Comprehensive income
SFAS No. 130 "Reporting Comprehensive Income" established standards for the
reporting and display of comprehensive income and its components. Comprehensive
income includes net income and all changes in equity during a period that arise
from non-owner sources, such as foreign currency items and unrealized gains and
losses on securities available-for-sale. The additional disclosures required
under U.S. GAAP are as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net income/(loss) under U.S. GAAP (165) (247) 180
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized holding gains/(losses) on available-for-sale financial assets 13 (11) -
Net gains/(losses) on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges 30 (17) -
Foreign currency translation adjustment 310 (134) (108)
Additional minimum pension liability adjustment (94) - -
Deferred tax charged to other comprehensive income 64 - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comprehensive income/(loss) under U.S. GAAP 158 (409) 72
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The income tax (charged)/credited to equity on these items was as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On unrealized holding gains/losses on available-for-sale financial assets 3 - -
On unrealized gains/losses on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges (1) - -
On additional minimum pension liability 38 - -
On equity movements associated with spin-off from Novartis AG 8 - -
On items included in foreign currency translation adjustment 16 - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total tax (charge)/credit on comprehensive income/(loss) 64 - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F-48
Employee benefit plans
Presented below are the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP that are different
than those provided under IFRS. The following provides a reconciliation of
benefit obligations, plan assets and funded status of the plans:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) Pension Other post-retirement benefits
2002 2001 2000 2002 2001 2000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefit obligation
At beginning of year 2,325 2,300 229 113 105 48
Current service cost 99 98 17 2 2 2
Interest cost 135 121 21 8 7 3
Curtailments and settlements 12 (16) - 1 2 -
Net liability assumed from spin-off from Novartis benefit plan - 5 943 - - -
Acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business - - 1,210 - 2 56
Plan amendments - 4 3 - (27) -
Actuarial (gain)/loss 142 (59) (130) 20 30 2
Foreign currency translation 304 (58) 17 1 - -
Employee contributions - - 2 - - -
Benefit payments (101) (82) (12) (7) (8) (6)
Other movements (32) 12 - - - -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefit obligation at end of year 2,884 2,325 2,300 138 113 105
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan assets at fair value
At beginning of year 2,143 2,353 225 - - -
Actual return on plan assets (216) (152) 15 - - -
Curtailments and settlements - (13) - - - -
Net assets assumed from spin-off from Novartis benefits plans - 8 900 - - -
Acquisition of Zeneca agrochemicals business - (14) 1,186 - - -
Foreign currency translation 278 (59) 20 - - -
Employer contributions 253 87 17 7 8 6
Employee contributions 18 15 2 - - -
Benefit payments (101) (82) (12) (7) (8) (6)
Other movements (62) - - - - -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Plan assets at fair value at end of year 2,313 2,143 2,353 - - -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Funded status (571) (182) 53 (138) (113) (105)
Unrecognized past service cost 6 5 - (20) - -
Unrecognized actuarial (gain)/loss 614 120 (105) 33 - (4)
Additional minimum liability adjustment (94) - - - - -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prepaid/(accrued) benefit cost (45) (57) (52) (125) (113) (109)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Amounts recognized in the balance sheet
Prepaid benefit costs 168 67 81 - - -
Accrued benefit liability (213) (124) (133) (125) (113) (109)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net amount recognized (45) (57) (52) (125) (113) (109)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benefit cost
Current service cost 99 98 17 2 2 1
Past service cost 2 - - (3) (1) -
Interest cost 135 121 21 8 8 3
Expected return on plan assets (142) (144) (25) - (1) -
Employee contributions (18) (15) (2) - - -
Amortization of actuarial (gain)/loss 9 - 1 12 - -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
85 60 12 19 8 4
Curtailments and settlements 23 10 - (1) 2 -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Net periodic benefit cost 108 70 12 18 10 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Principal actuarial assumptions are given in Note 26.
Certain pension plans had an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of the
fair value of plan assets. The benefit obligation and plan assets for these
plans were as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2002 2001 2000
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Projected benefit obligation as at December 31 491 - -
Accumulated benefit obligation as at December 31 401 - -
Fair value of plan assets as at December 31 315 - -
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proforma impact of acquisitions/disposals
As noted in Note 3, the merger of Novartis agribusiness and Zeneca
agrochemicals business resulted in the formation of Syngenta. For accounting
purposes, this transaction is presented in the consolidated financial
statements as a purchase business combination with Novartis agribusiness being
the acquirer of Zeneca agrochemicals business. Accordingly, the Zeneca
agrochemicals business is a significant acquisition.
The consolidated financial statements present the results of operations of
Novartis agribusiness on a stand-alone basis up to the Separation Date, and
results of operations of Syngenta, including the results of operations of
Zeneca agrochemicals business, from the Separation Date to
F-49
December 31, 2000. In order to present comparable financial data, unaudited
proforma combined financial data has been presented below for the year ended
December 31, 2000. This unaudited proforma information is not necessarily
indicative of the results of operations which would have been reported had the
acquisition actually been completed as of January 1, 2000, nor of Syngenta's
future results of operations.
The unaudited proforma data summarizes the results of operations for the
periods indicated as if the acquisition had been completed as of January 1,
2000, giving effect to actual operating results of the combined businesses
prior to the acquisition, prepared on a stand-alone basis, and adjusted to
include the proforma effect of:
o interest expense on the debts incurred by Syngenta,
o depreciation of fixed assets,
o amortization of intangibles and goodwill, based on the allocated
purchase price,
o divestments of product lines to obtain regulatory approval, and
o income taxes.
No adjustment has been included in the proforma combined financial data for any
anticipated operating cost savings, nor for any one-time merger and
consolidation costs expected to be incurred upon consummation of the
transaction.
Unaudited proforma per share amounts for the combined company are based on the
total shares issued and outstanding after the Transactions.
Unaudited selected proforma combined financial data
The unaudited selected proforma combined financial data, in accordance with
U.S. GAAP, are estimated as follows:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(US$ million) 2000
proforma
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proforma Combined Statement of Income Data (US$ million)
Sales 6,846
Net loss (12)
Loss per share (US$)
Basic and diluted (0.12)
Per share information:
Weighted average number of ordinary shares (in millions of shares) 101.3
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
34. Effect of new accounting pronouncements
International Financial Reporting Standards
IAS 19, Employee Benefits (revised 2002) introduces additional requirements for
immediate recognition of actuarial gains and losses in the income statement in
situations where the maximum limit on pension asset balance recognition under
paragraph 58 of IAS 19 applies. Restatement of prior year amounts is not
required by this change. Syngenta has complied with IAS 19 (revised 2002) with
effect from 1 January 2002.
SIC-28, "Business Combinations - Date of Exchange and Fair Value of Equity
Instruments", clarifies aspects of IAS 22, "Business Combinations", in respect
of determining the cost of an acquisition where an enterprise issues its own
equity instruments as purchase consideration in a business combination.
Syngenta issued 44 million shares in connection with the acquisition of Zeneca
agrochemicals business in November 2000, and the acquisition purchase price was
determined as the number of Syngenta shares issued to AstraZeneca shareholders
multiplied by the average trading price of those shares over the first five
days of trading. This treatment is consistent with the requirements of SIC-28.
SIC-28 became effective for acquisitions given initial accounting recognition
on or after December 31, 2001 and Syngenta has complied with it from that date.
Adoption of SIC-28 had no impact on Syngenta's consolidated financial
statements for 2002 since no equity shares were issued by Syngenta in
connection with any business combination during 2002.
SIC-30, "Reporting Currency - Translation from Measurement Currency to
Presentation Currency" addresses how items in financial statements should be
translated from a measurement currency to a presentation currency when the
financial statements are presented in a currency other than the measurement
currency determined under SIC-19, "Reporting Currency - Measurement and
Presentation of Financial Statements", and under IAS 21, "The Effects of
Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates" and IAS 29, "Financial Reporting in
Hyperinflationary Economies". SIC-30 became effective for annual financial
periods beginning on or after January 1, 2002, and Syngenta has complied with
it from that date. Adoption of SIC-30 had no impact on Syngenta's consolidated
financial statements for 2002.
SIC-32 "Intangible Assets - Web Site costs" establishes the accounting
treatment for expenditure incurred on the development and operation of an
entity's own web sites. SIC-32 became effective on 25 March 2002 and Syngenta
has complied with it from January 1, 2002. Adoption of SIC-32 had no impact on
Syngenta's consolidated financial statements for 2002.
SIC-33, "Consolidation and Equity Method - Potential Voting Rights and
Allocation of Ownership Interests", considers issues of ownership and control
arising under IAS 27 "Consolidated Financial Statements - Accounting for
Investments in Subsidiaries", and IAS 28, "Accounting for Investments in
Associates", when an enterprise owns share warrants, share call options, debt
or equity instruments that are convertible into ordinary shares, or other
similar instruments that have the potential, if exercised or converted, to give
the enterprise voting power or reduce another party's voting power over the
financial and operating policies of another enterprise. SIC-33 became effective
for annual financial periods beginning on or after January 1, 2002. The
adoption of SIC-33 did not have a material effect on the consolidated financial
statements for 2002.
F-50
U.S. GAAP
SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations" was issued in June 2001. This standard
establishes standards for all business combinations initiated after June 30,
2001, or any purchase business combinations completed after June 30, 2001. This
standard prohibits the use of the pooling of interest method of business
combination, and provides guidance regarding the recognition of intangible
assets acquired in a purchase method of business combination. In accordance
with the transition provisions of SFAS No. 141, assembled workforce intangible
assets of US$126 million, related to purchase business combinations completed
before June 30, 2001, less related deferred tax liabilities of US$42 million,
were reclassified as goodwill as of January 1, 2002. No material business
combinations were completed during 2002.
SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets", was issued in June 2001.
This standard prohibits the amortization of goodwill, regardless of its
acquisition date, and requires impairment testing of goodwill annually or if
any events occur which would indicate an impairment of goodwill. It also
prescribes that goodwill should be tested for impairment under a fair value
method different than that previously required under SFAS No. 121, "Accounting
for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be
Disposed Of." The standard became effective for Syngenta from January 1, 2002.
The accounting and impairment review process for goodwill are described above
in Note 33. As a result of the implementation of SFAS No. 142, no recognized
intangible assets have been determined as having an indefinite life, and no
changes have been made to the estimated expected useful lives of any recognized
amortized intangible asset.
SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets",
was issued in August 2001. SFAS No. 144 is effective for fiscal years beginning
after December 15, 2001, and addresses financial accounting and reporting for
the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. This statement supersedes SFAS
No. 121, "Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived
Assets to be Disposed Of," and the accounting provisions of APB Opinion No. 30,
"Reporting the Results of Operations - Reporting the Effects of Disposal of a
Segment of a Business, and Extraordinary, Unusual and Infrequently Occurring
Events and Transactions," for the disposal of a segment of a business. Syngenta
has complied with SFAS No. 144 "Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets"
with effect from January 1, 2002. Adoption of SFAS No. 144 had no effect on the
consolidated financial statements.
SFAS No. 143, "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations" was issued in June
2001, and requires that obligations associated with the retirement of a
tangible long-lived asset be recorded as a liability when those obligations are
incurred, with the amount of the liability initially measured at fair value.
The standard will become effective for Syngenta from January 1, 2003. SFAS No.
143 applies to legal obligations for demolition, restoration and abandonment
costs. As part of the restructuring plans described in Note 22, Syngenta has
announced plans to abandon certain manufacturing sites and has established
provisions accordingly. Syngenta does not anticipate that adoption of SFAS No.
143 will have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
SFAS No. 146, "Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal
Activities", was issued in June 2002, and addresses the recognition,
measurement and reporting of costs associated with exit and disposal
activities, including restructuring activities. This statement supersedes the
guidance in EITF 94-3. The standard will become effective for exit or disposal
activities initiated after December 31, 2002. Retroactive application of SFAS
No. 146 is prohibited, and it will therefore have no impact on the opening
balance of consolidated retained earnings at January 1, 2003. Syngenta will
apply SFAS No. 146 with effect from January 1, 2003.
EITF 95-23, "The Treatment of Certain Site Restoration/Environmental Exit Costs
when testing a Long-Lived Asset for Impairment", was revised by the Emerging
Issues Task Force in June 2002 to take account of SFAS Nos. 143 and 144. The
revised EITF addresses how environmental exit costs which have not been
recognized as a liability should be dealt with when testing for impairment
under SFAS No. 144. The adoption of the revised EITF had no impact on the
consolidated financial statements.
EITF 00-21, "Revenue Arrangements with Multiple Deliverables", was issued in
November 2002, and addresses how a vendor allocates revenue between multiple
products and services covered by the same revenue arrangement. The EITF
consensus will apply to Syngenta with effect from January 1, 2004. The effect
of the EITF will depend upon the nature of agreements Syngenta enters into with
customers during 2004. Therefore, at this time Syngenta is unable to determine
whether adoption of the consensus will impact its financial statements. There
will, however, be no effect on transactions recognized in the consolidated
financial statements for 2002 and prior years.
EITF 02-6, "Classification in the Statement of Cash Flows of Payments Made to
Settle an Asset Retirement Obligation within the scope of FASB Statement No.
143" was issued in March 2002, and requires that cash paid to settle an asset
retirement obligation should be classified within cash flows from operating
activities. EITF 02-06 will become effective for Syngenta on January 1, 2003
together with SFAS No. 143. EITF 02-06 will have no impact on the consolidated
financial statements because Syngenta already classifies these payments in cash
flows from operating activities.
EITF 01-9, "Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer
(including a Reseller of the Vendor's Products)", was issued in November 2001
and addresses the timing of recognition and presentation in the income
statement of sales incentives offered to customers. EITF 01-9 became effective
for Syngenta on January 1, 2002 and has not had a material impact on the
consolidated financial statements.
EITF 02-16, "Accounting by a Customer (Including a Reseller) for Cash
Consideration Received from a Vendor", was issued in November 2002, and
requires that rebates and refunds received from vendors which are payable if a
specified cumulative level of purchases is reached are recognized
systematically as a reduction of cost of goods sold related to the purchases if
the amount can be estimated reasonably. If the amount cannot be estimated, the
rebates or refunds are recognized when the target is achieved. The EITF
consensus applied to arrangements entered into with vendors after November 21,
2002 and did not have a material impact on Syngenta's 2002 financial
statements.
35. Subsequent events
On December 4, 2002, Syngenta announced the signing of a research agreement
with Diversa Corporation ("Diversa") which is listed on NASDAQ. Under this
agreement, Diversa will acquire an exclusive, royalty-free perpetual license
from Syngenta for technology and intellectual property for use in the
pharmaceutical field, as well as related assets owned by Syngenta, in exchange
for stock and warrants representing 14% and 3% respectively of Diversa's
outstanding stock proforma for the equity issuances. The transaction is
expected to be completed in February 2003, subject to the approval of Diversa
shareholders. If approved, Syngenta will own 18.6% of Diversa's outstanding
stock,
F-51
excluding the warrants which are exercisable for ten years starting in 2008,
at an exercise price of US$22 per Diversa share, and will commit to funding
of US$20.6 million for joint projects with Diversa for each of the following
five years. Torrey Mesa Research Institute, Syngenta's facility in La Jolla,
California, will close on completion of the transaction.
On November 5, 2002, Syngenta announced a public offer for the 49.01% of shares
in Syngenta India Ltd. which were not currently owned by Syngenta. The shares
of Syngenta India Ltd. are listed on the Mumbai (Bombay) and Kolkata (Calcutta)
Stock Exchanges. The offer price is 130 Indian rupees per Syngenta India equity
share of five rupees par value, and is payable in cash. The offer is not
subject to a minimum level of acceptance by shareholders, but is subject to
approval of the Indian Foreign Investment Promotion Board and the Reserve Bank
of India. If all shareholders of Syngenta India Ltd. were to accept the offer,
Syngenta would be required to pay approximately US$42 million to acquire their
shares. The offer closed on January 28, 2003, at which time acceptances had
been received to give Syngenta control over approximately 84% of the shares.
Other than the above, no events occurred between the balance sheet date and the
date on which these consolidated financial statements were approved by the
Board of Directors that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the
consolidated financial statements.
Approval of the Financial Statements
These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors on February
19, 2003.
F-52
SIGNATURES
The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all the requirements for filing
on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign
this annual report on its behalf.
SYNGENTA AG
By: /s/ MICHAEL PRAGNELL By: /S/ RICHARD STEIBLIN
---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
Name: Michael Pragnell Name: Richard Steiblin
Title: Chief Executive Officer Title: Chief Financial Officer
Dated: April 11, 2003
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Richard Steiblin, CFO of Syngenta, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Syngenta AG;
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this annual report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this annual report, fairly present in all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in
this annual report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant
and we have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that
material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this
annual report is being prepared;
b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure
controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the
filing date of this annual report (the "Evaluation Date"); and
c) presented in this annual report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on
our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;
5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based
on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the
audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent function):
a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of
internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant's
ability to re-cord, process, summarize and report financial data
and have identified for the registrant's auditors any material
weaknesses in internal controls; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or
other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's
internal controls; and
6. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have indicated in
this annual report whether or not there were significant changes in
internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect
internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent
evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Date: April 11, 2003
/S/ RICHARD STEIBLIN
----------------------------------
Name: Richard Steiblin
Title: Chief Financial Officer
CERTIFICATIONS
I, Michael Pragnell, CEO of Syngenta, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on Form 20-F of Syngenta AG;
2. Based on my knowledge, this annual report does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances
under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to
the period covered by this annual report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial
information included in this annual report, fairly present in all
material respects the financial condition, results of operations and
cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in
this annual report;
4. The registrant's other certifying officers and I are responsible for
establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14) for the registrant
and we have:
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that
material information relating to the registrant, including its
consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within
those entities, particularly during the period in which this
annual report is being prepared;
b) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure
controls and procedures as of a date within 90 days prior to the
filing date of this annual report (the "Evaluation Date"); and
c) presented in this annual report our conclusions about the
effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on
our evaluation as of the Evaluation Date;
5. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based
on our most recent evaluation, to the registrant's auditors and the
audit committee of registrant's board of directors (or persons
performing the equivalent function):
a) all significant deficiencies in the design or operation of
internal controls which could adversely affect the registrant's
ability to re-cord, process, summarize and report financial data
and have identified for the registrant's auditors any material
weaknesses in internal controls; and
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or
other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's
internal controls; and
6. The registrant's other certifying officers and I have indicated in
this annual report whether or not there were significant changes in
internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect
internal controls subsequent to the date of our most recent
evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
Date: April 11, 2003
/S/ MICHAEL PRAGNELL
----------------------------------
Name: Michael Pragnell
Title: Chief Executive Officer