DRE.10K.2011
Table of Contents


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
  X      ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
OR
           TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from             to             .
Commission File Number: 1-9044
DUKE REALTY CORPORATION
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
Indiana
 
35-1740409
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification Number)
600 East 96th Street, Suite 100
Indianapolis, Indiana
 
46240
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (317) 808-6000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class:
  
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered:
Common Stock ($.01 par value)
  
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/10 interest in a 6.625%
Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share ($.01 par value)
  
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/10 interest in a 6.5%
Series K Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share ($.01 par value)
  
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/10 interest in a 6.6%
Series L Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share ($.01 par value)
  
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/10 interest in a 6.95%
Series M Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share ($.01 par value)
  
New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/10 interest in an 8.375%
Series O Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share ($.01 par value)
  
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  X    No      
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes          No  X
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days.    Yes   X    No      
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  X    No      
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.      
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer X                Accelerated filer                 Non-accelerated filer                Smaller reporting company    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes          No  X
The aggregate market value of the voting shares of the registrant’s outstanding common shares held by non-affiliates of the registrant is $3.5 billion based on the last reported sale price on June 30, 2011.
The number of common shares, $.01 par value outstanding as of February 21, 2012 was 259,044,241.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Certain portions of Duke Realty Corporation’s Definitive Proxy Statement for its 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders (the “Proxy Statement”) to be filed pursuant to Rule 14a-6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K. Other than those portions of the Proxy Statement specifically incorporated by reference pursuant to Items 10 through 14 of Part III hereof, no other portions of the Proxy Statement shall be deemed so incorporated.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Form 10-K
Item No.
 
Page(s)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
1A.
1B.
2
3
Legal Proceedings
4
Mine Safety Disclosures
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5
6
7
7A.
8
9
9A.
9B.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10
11
12
13
14
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
88 



IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT THIS REPORT
In this Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”), the words “Duke,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Duke Realty Corporation and its subsidiaries, as well as Duke Realty Corporation’s predecessors and their subsidiaries. “DRLP” refers to our subsidiary, Duke Realty Limited Partnership.
Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in or incorporated by reference into this Report, including, without limitation, those related to our future operations, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “may” and similar expressions or statements regarding future periods are intended to identify forward-looking statements.
These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause our actual results, performance or achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from any predictions of future results, performance or achievements that we express or imply in this Report or in the information incorporated by reference into this Report. Some of the risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may affect future results include, among others: 
Changes in general economic and business conditions, including, without limitation, the continuing impact of the economic down-turn, which is having and may continue to have a negative effect on the fundamentals of our business, the financial condition of our tenants, and the value of our real estate assets;
Our continued qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
Heightened competition for tenants and potential decreases in property occupancy;
Potential changes in the financial markets and interest rates;
Volatility in our stock price and trading volume;
Our continuing ability to raise funds on favorable terms;
Our ability to successfully identify, acquire, develop and/or manage properties on terms that are favorable to us;
Potential increases in real estate construction costs;
Our ability to successfully dispose of properties on terms that are favorable to us;
Our ability to retain our current credit ratings;
Inherent risks in the real estate business, including, but not limited to, tenant defaults, potential liability relating to environmental matters and liquidity of real estate investments; and
Other risks and uncertainties described herein, as well as those risks and uncertainties discussed from time to time in our other reports and other public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).


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Although we presently believe that the plans, expectations and results expressed in or suggested by the forward-looking statements are reasonable, all forward-looking statements are inherently subjective, uncertain and subject to change, as they involve substantial risks and uncertainties beyond our control. New factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict the nature, or assess the potential impact, of each new factor on our business. Given these uncertainties, we caution you to not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any of our forward-looking statements for events or circumstances that arise after the statement is made, except as otherwise may be required by law.
This list of risks and uncertainties, however, is only a summary of some of the most important factors and is not intended to be exhaustive. Additional information regarding risk factors that may affect us is included under the caption “Risk Factors” in this Report, and is updated by us from time to time in Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other filings that we make with the SEC.
PART I
Item 1.  Business
Background
We are a self-administered and self-managed REIT, which began operations upon completion of our initial public offering in February 1986. In October 1993, we completed an additional common stock offering and acquired the rental real estate and service businesses of Duke Associates, whose operations began in 1972. As of December 31, 2011, our diversified portfolio of 748 rental properties (including 126 jointly controlled in-service properties with approximately 25.3 million square feet, five consolidated properties under development with more than 639,000 square feet and one jointly controlled property under development with approximately 274,000 square feet) encompasses more than 136.5 million rentable square feet and is leased by a diverse base of approximately 3,000 tenants whose businesses include government services, manufacturing, retailing, wholesale trade, distribution, healthcare and professional services. We also own, including through ownership interests in unconsolidated joint ventures, more than 4,800 acres of land and control an additional 1,630 acres through purchase options.
Our headquarters and executive offices are located in Indianapolis, Indiana. In addition, we have 17 regional offices or significant operations in Alexandria, Virginia; Atlanta, Georgia; Baltimore, Maryland; Chicago, Illinois; Cincinnati, Ohio; Columbus, Ohio; Dallas, Texas; Houston, Texas; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Nashville, Tennessee; Orlando, Florida; Phoenix, Arizona; Raleigh, North Carolina; St. Louis, Missouri; Savannah, Georgia; Tampa, Florida; and Weston, Florida. We had more than 850 employees as of December 31, 2011.
See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” for information related to our operations, asset and capital strategies.
Reportable Operating Segments
We have three reportable operating segments, the first two of which consist of the ownership and rental of (i) office and (ii) industrial real estate investments. The operations of our office and industrial properties, along with our medical office and retail properties, are collectively referred to as “Rental Operations.” Our medical office and retail properties do not by themselves meet the quantitative thresholds for separate presentation as reportable segments.

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The third reportable segment consists of providing various real estate services such as property management, asset management, maintenance, leasing, development and construction management to third-party property owners and joint ventures, and is collectively referred to as “Service Operations.” Our reportable segments offer different products or services and are managed separately because each segment requires different operating strategies and management expertise. Our Service Operations segment also includes our taxable REIT subsidiary, a legal entity through which certain of the segment’s operations are conducted.
We assess and measure our overall operating results based upon an industry performance measure referred to as Funds From Operations (“FFO”), which management believes is a useful indicator of our consolidated operating performance. See Item 6, "Selected Financial Data", Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for disclosures and financial information related to our use of FFO as an internal measure of operating performance.
See Item 6, "Selected Financial Data", Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” for financial information related to our reportable segments.
Competitive Conditions
As a fully integrated commercial real estate firm, we provide in-house leasing, management, development and construction services which, coupled with our significant base of commercially zoned and unencumbered land in existing business parks, should give us a competitive advantage as a real estate operator and in future development activities.
We believe that the management of real estate opportunities and risks can be done most effectively at regional or local levels. As a result, we intend to continue our emphasis on increasing our market share and effective rents in the primary markets where we own properties. We believe that this regional focus will allow us to assess market supply and demand for real estate more effectively as well as to capitalize on the strong relationships with our tenant base. In addition, we seek to further capitalize on strong customer relationships to provide third-party construction services across the United States. As a fully integrated real estate company, we are able to arrange for or provide to our industrial, office and medical office customers not only well located and well maintained facilities, but also additional services such as build-to-suit construction, tenant finish construction, and expansion flexibility.
All of our properties are located in areas that include competitive properties. Institutional investors, other REITs or local real estate operators generally own such properties; however, no single competitor or small group of competitors is dominant in our current markets. The supply and demand of similar available rental properties may affect the rental rates we will receive on our properties. Other competitive factors include the attractiveness of the property location, the quality of the property and tenant services provided, and the reputation of the owner and operator. In addition, our Service Operations face competition from a considerable number of other real estate companies that provide comparable services, some of whom may have greater marketing and financial resources than are available to us.
Corporate Governance
Since our inception, we not only have strived to be a top-performer operationally, but also to lead in issues important to investors such as disclosure and corporate governance. Our system of governance reinforces this commitment. Summarized below are the highlights of our Corporate Governance initiatives. 

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Board Composition
  
• Our Board is controlled by supermajority (92.3%) of “Independent Directors”, as such term is defined under the rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) as of January 30, 2012 and thereafter
 
 
Board Committees
  
• Our Board Committee members are all Independent Directors
 
 
Lead Director
  
• The Chairman of our Corporate Governance Committee serves as Lead Director of the Independent Directors
 
 
Board Policies
  
• No Shareholder Rights Plan (Poison Pill)
• Code of Conduct applies to all Directors and employees, including the Chief Executive Officer and senior financial officers; waivers applied to executive officers require the vote of a majority of our Board of Directors or our Corporate Governance Committee
• Orientation program for new Directors
• Independence of Directors is reviewed annually
• Independent Directors meet at least quarterly in executive sessions
• Independent Directors receive no compensation from Duke other than as Directors
• Equity-based compensation plans require shareholder approval
• Board effectiveness and performance is reviewed annually by our Corporate Governance Committee • Corporate Governance Committee conducts an annual review of the Chief Executive Officer succession plan
• Independent Directors and all Board Committees may retain outside advisors, as they deem appropriate
• Policy governing retirement age for Directors
• Prohibition on repricing of outstanding stock options
• Directors required to offer resignation upon job change
• Majority voting for election of Directors
• Shareholder Communications Policy
Ownership
  
Minimum Stock Ownership Guidelines apply to all Directors and Executive Officers

Our Code of Conduct (which applies to all Directors and employees, including the Chief Executive Officer and senior financial officers) and the Corporate Governance Guidelines are available in the Investor Relations/Corporate Governance section of our website at www.dukerealty.com. A copy of these documents may also be obtained without charge by writing to Duke Realty Corporation, 600 East 96th Street, Suite 100, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240, Attention: Investor Relations. If we amend our Code of Conduct as it applies to the Directors, Chief Executive Officer or senior financial officers or grant a waiver from any provision of the Code of Conduct to any such person, we may, rather than filing a current report on Form 8-K, disclose such amendment or waiver in the Investor Relations/Corporate Governance section of our website at www.dukerealty.com.
Additional Information
For additional information regarding our investments and operations, see Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” For additional information about our business segments, see Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
Available Information and Exchange Certifications
In addition to this Report, we file quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information

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with the SEC. All documents that are filed with the SEC are available free of charge on our corporate website, which is www.dukerealty.com. We are not incorporating the information on our website into this Report, and our website and the information appearing on our website is not included in, and is not part of, this Report. You may also read and copy any document filed at the public reference facilities of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at (800) SEC-0330 for further information about the public reference facilities. These documents also may be accessed through the SEC’s Interactive Data Electronic Application (“IDEA”) via the SEC’s home page on the Internet (http://www.sec.gov). In addition, since some of our securities are listed on the NYSE, you may read our SEC filings at the offices of the NYSE, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
The NYSE requires that the Chief Executive Officer of each listed company certify annually to the NYSE that he or she is not aware of any violation by the company of NYSE corporate governance listing standards as of the date of such certification. We submitted the certification of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Dennis D. Oklak, with our 2011 Annual Written Affirmation to the NYSE on May 11, 2011.
We included the certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules, relating to the quality of the Company’s public disclosure, in this Report as Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
In addition to the other information contained in this Report, you should carefully consider, in consultation with your legal, financial and other professional advisors, the risks described below, as well as the risk factors and uncertainties discussed in our other public filings with the SEC under the caption “Risk Factors” in evaluating us and our business before making a decision regarding an investment in our securities.
The risks contained in this Report are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks that are not presently known, or that we presently deem to be immaterial, also could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, business and prospects. The trading price of our securities could decline due to the materialization of any of these risks, and our shareholders may lose all or part of their investment.
This Report also contains forward-looking statements that may not be realized as a result of certain factors, including, but not limited to, the risks described herein and in our other public filings with the SEC. Please refer to the section in this Report entitled “Cautionary Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for additional information regarding forward-looking statements.
Risks Related to Our Business
Our use of debt financing could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required principal and interest payments and the long-term risk that we will be unable to refinance our existing indebtedness, or that the terms of such refinancing will not be as favorable as the terms of existing indebtedness. Additionally, we may not be able to refinance borrowings at our unconsolidated subsidiaries on favorable terms or at all. If our debt cannot be paid, refinanced or extended, we may not be able to make distributions to shareholders at expected levels. Further, if prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of a refinancing result in higher interest rates or other restrictive financial covenants upon the refinancing, then such refinancing would adversely affect our cash flow and funds available for operation, development and distribution.

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We are also subject to financial covenants under our existing debt instruments. Should we fail to comply with the covenants in our existing debt instruments, then we would not only be in breach under the applicable debt instruments but we would also likely be unable to borrow any further amounts under our other debt instruments, which could adversely affect our ability to fund operations. We also have incurred, and may incur in the future, indebtedness that bears interest at variable rates. Thus, if market interest rates increase, so will our interest expense, which could reduce our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to shareholders at expected levels.
Debt financing may not be available and equity issuances could be dilutive to our shareholders.
Our ability to execute our business strategy depends on our access to an appropriate blend of debt financing, including unsecured lines of credit and other forms of secured and unsecured debt, and equity financing, including common and preferred equity. Debt financing may not be available over a longer period of time in sufficient amounts, on favorable terms or at all. If we issue additional equity securities, instead of debt, to manage capital needs, the interests of our existing shareholders could be diluted.
Financial and other covenants under existing credit agreements could limit our flexibility and adversely affect our financial condition.
The terms of our various credit agreements and other indebtedness require that we comply with a number of customary financial and other covenants, such as maintaining debt service coverage and leverage ratios and maintaining insurance coverage. These covenants may limit our flexibility in our operations, and breaches of these covenants could result in defaults under the instruments governing the applicable indebtedness even if we have satisfied our payment obligations. If we are unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or meet our payment obligations, the amount of our distributable cash flow would be adversely affected.
Downgrades in our credit ratings could increase our borrowing costs or reduce our access to funding sources in the credit and capital markets.
We have a significant amount of debt outstanding, consisting mostly of unsecured debt. We are currently assigned corporate credit ratings from Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and Standard and Poor’s Ratings Group based on their evaluation of our creditworthiness. All of our debt ratings remain investment grade, but there can be no assurance that we will not be downgraded or that any of our ratings will remain investment grade. If our credit ratings are downgraded or other negative action is taken, we could be required, among other things, to pay additional interest and fees on outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit agreement.
Credit rating reductions by one or more rating agencies could also adversely affect our access to funding sources, the cost and other terms of obtaining funding as well as our overall financial condition, operating results and cash flow.
If we are unable to generate sufficient capital and liquidity, then we may be unable to pursue future development projects and other strategic initiatives.
To complete our ongoing and planned development projects, and to pursue our other strategic initiatives, we must continue to generate sufficient capital and liquidity to fund those activities. To generate that capital and liquidity, we rely upon funds from our existing operations, as well as funds that we raise through our capital raising activities. In the event that we are unable to generate sufficient capital and liquidity to meet our long-term needs, or if we are unable to generate capital and liquidity on terms that are favorable to us, then we may not be able to pursue development projects, acquisitions, or our other long-term strategic initiatives.

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Our stock price and trading volume may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to our shareholders.
The market price of our common and preferred stock could change in ways that may or may not be related to our business, our industry or our operating performance and financial condition. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price, or result in fluctuations in the price or trading volume of our common stock, include uncertainty in the markets, general market and economic conditions, as well as those factors described in these “Risk Factors” and in other reports that we file with the SEC.
Many of these factors are beyond our control, and we cannot predict their potential effects on the price of our common and preferred stock. If the market prices of our common and preferred stock decline, then our shareholders may be unable to resell their shares upon terms that are attractive to them. We cannot assure that the market price of our common and preferred stock will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future. In addition, the securities markets in general may experience considerable unexpected price and volume fluctuations.
We may issue debt and equity securities which are senior to our common stock and preferred stock as to distributions and in liquidation, which could negatively affect the value of our common and preferred stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by entering into debt or debt-like financing that is unsecured or secured by certain of our assets, or issuing debt or equity securities, which could include issuances of secured or unsecured commercial paper, medium-term notes, senior notes, subordinated notes, preferred stock or common stock. In the event of our liquidation, our lenders and holders of our debt securities would receive a distribution of our available assets before distributions to the holders of our common stock and preferred stock. Our preferred stock has a preference over our common stock with respect to distributions and upon liquidation, which could further limit our ability to make distributions to our common shareholders. Any additional preferred stock that we may issue may have a preference over our common stock and existing series of preferred stock with respect to distributions and upon liquidation.
We may be required to seek commercial credit and issue debt securities to manage our capital needs. Because our decision to incur debt and issue securities in our future offerings will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings and debt financings. Further, market conditions could require us to accept less favorable terms for the issuance of our securities in the future. Thus, our shareholders will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the value of their shares of common stock and diluting their interest in us.
Our use of joint ventures may negatively impact our jointly-owned investments.
We currently have joint ventures that are not consolidated with our financial statements. We may develop and acquire properties in joint ventures with other persons or entities when circumstances warrant the use of these structures. Our participation in joint ventures is subject to the risks that: 
We could become engaged in a dispute with any of our joint venture partners that might affect our ability to develop or operate a property;
Our joint venture partners may have different objectives than we have regarding the appropriate timing and terms of any sale or refinancing of properties;
Our joint venture partners may have competing interests in our markets that could create conflict

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of interest issues; and
Maturities of debt encumbering our jointly owned investments may not be able to be refinanced at all or on terms that are as favorable as the current terms.
Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
Our net earnings available for investment or distribution to shareholders could decrease as a result of factors related to the ownership and operation of commercial real estate that are outside of our control.
Our business is subject to the risks incident to the ownership and operation of commercial real estate, many of which involve circumstances not within our control. Such risks include the following: 
Changes in the general economic climate;
The availability of capital on favorable terms, or at all;
Increases in interest rates;
Local conditions such as oversupply of property or a reduction in demand;
Competition for tenants;
Changes in market rental rates;
Oversupply or reduced demand for space in the areas where our properties are located;
Delay or inability to collect rent from tenants who are bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise unwilling or unable to pay;
Difficulty in leasing or re-leasing space quickly or on favorable terms;
Costs associated with periodically renovating, repairing and reletting rental space;
Our ability to provide adequate maintenance and insurance on our properties;
Our ability to control variable operating costs;
Changes in government regulations; and
Potential liability under, and changes in, environmental, zoning, tax and other laws.
Further, a significant portion of our costs, such as real estate taxes, insurance and maintenance costs and our debt service payments, are generally not reduced when circumstances cause a decrease in cash flow from our properties. Any one or more of these factors could result in a reduction in our net earnings available for investment or distribution to shareholders.
Many real estate costs are fixed, even if income from properties decreases.
Our financial results depend on leasing space in our real estate to tenants on terms favorable to us. Our income and funds available for distribution to our shareholders will decrease if a significant number of our tenants cannot meet their lease obligations to us or we are unable to lease properties on favorable terms. In addition, if a tenant does not pay its rent, we may not be able to enforce our rights as landlord without delays and we may incur substantial legal costs. Costs associated with real estate investment, such as real estate taxes and maintenance costs, generally are not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investment.

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Our real estate development activities are subject to risks particular to development.
We continue to selectively develop new, pre-leased properties for rental operations in our existing markets when accretive returns are present. These development activities generally require various government and other approvals, which we may not receive. In addition, we also are subject to the following risks associated with development activities: 
Unsuccessful development opportunities could result in direct expenses to us;
Construction costs of a project may exceed original estimates, possibly making the project less profitable than originally estimated, or possibly unprofitable;
Time required to complete the construction of a project or to lease up the completed project may be greater than originally anticipated, thereby adversely affecting our cash flow and liquidity;
Occupancy rates and rents of a completed project may not be sufficient to make the project profitable; and
Favorable sources to fund our development activities may not be available.
We may be unsuccessful in operating completed real estate projects.
We face the risk that the real estate projects we develop or acquire will not perform in accordance with our expectations. This risk exists because of factors such as the following: 
Prices paid for acquired facilities are based upon a series of market judgments; and
Costs of any improvements required to bring an acquired facility up to standards to establish the market position intended for that facility might exceed budgeted costs.
We are exposed to the risks of defaults by tenants.
Any of our tenants may experience a downturn in their businesses that may weaken their financial condition. In the event of default or the insolvency of a significant number of our tenants, we may experience a substantial loss of rental revenue and/or delays in collecting rent and incur substantial costs in enforcing our rights as landlord. If a tenant files for bankruptcy protection, a court could allow the tenant to reject and terminate its lease with us. Our income and distributable cash flow would be adversely affected if a significant number of our tenants became unable to meet their obligations to us, became insolvent or declared bankruptcy.
We may be unable to renew leases or relet space.
When our tenants decide not to renew their leases upon their expiration, we may not be able to relet the space. Even if our tenants do renew or we are able to relet the space, the terms of renewal or reletting (including the cost of renovations, if necessary) may be less favorable than current lease terms. If we are unable to promptly renew the leases or relet the space, or if the rental rates upon such renewal or reletting are significantly lower than current rates, then our income and distributable cash flow would be adversely affected, especially if we were unable to lease a significant amount of the space vacated by tenants in our properties.
Our insurance coverage on our properties may be inadequate.
We maintain comprehensive insurance on each of our facilities, including property, liability, and environmental coverage. We believe this coverage is of the type and amount customarily obtained for real property. However, there are certain types of losses, generally of a catastrophic nature, such as

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earthquakes, hurricanes and floods or acts of war or terrorism that may be uninsurable or not economically insurable. We use our discretion when determining amounts, coverage limits and deductibles for insurance. These terms are determined based on retaining an acceptable level of risk at a reasonable cost. This may result in insurance coverage that in the event of a substantial loss would not be sufficient to pay the full current replacement cost of our lost investment. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors also may make it unfeasible to use insurance proceeds to replace a facility after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under such circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive may not be adequate to restore our economic position in a property. If an insured loss occurred, we could lose both our investment in and anticipated profits and cash flow from a property, and we would continue to be obligated on any mortgage indebtedness or other obligations related to the property. We are also subject to the risk that our insurance providers may be unwilling or unable to pay our claims when made.
Our acquisition and disposition activity may lead to long-term dilution.
Our asset strategy is to reposition our investment concentration among product types and further diversify our geographic presence. There can be no assurance that we will be able to execute the repositioning of our assets according to our strategy or that our execution will lead to improved results.
Acquired properties may expose us to unknown liability.
From time to time, we may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities. As a result, if a liability were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or contest it, which could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flow. Unknown liabilities with respect to acquired properties might include: 
liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination;
claims by tenants, vendors or other persons against the former owners of the properties;
liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business; and
claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties.
We could be exposed to significant environmental liabilities as a result of conditions of which we currently are not aware.
As an owner and operator of real property, we may be liable under various federal, state and local laws for the costs of removal or remediation of certain hazardous substances released on or in our property. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the release of the hazardous substances. In addition, we could have greater difficulty in selling real estate on which hazardous substances were present or in obtaining borrowings using such real estate as collateral. It is our general policy to have Phase I environmental audits performed for all of our properties and land by qualified environmental consultants at the time of purchase. These Phase I environmental audits have not revealed any environmental liability that would have a material adverse effect on our business. However, a Phase I environmental audit does not involve invasive procedures such as soil sampling or ground water analysis, and we cannot be sure that the Phase I environmental audits did not fail to reveal a significant environmental liability or that a prior owner did not create a material environmental condition on our properties or land which has not yet been discovered. We could also incur environmental liability as a result of future uses or conditions of such real estate or changes in applicable environmental laws.

-10-


We are exposed to the potential impacts of future climate change and climate-change related risks.
We are exposed to potential physical risks from possible future changes in climate. Our properties may be exposed to rare catastrophic weather events, such as severe storms and/or floods. If the frequency of extreme weather events increases due to climate change, our exposure to these events could increase.
We do not currently consider that we are exposed to regulatory risk related to climate change. However, we may be adversely impacted as a real estate developer in the future by stricter energy efficiency standards for buildings.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
If we were to cease to qualify as a REIT, we and our shareholders would lose significant tax benefits.
We intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Qualification as a REIT provides significant tax advantages to us and our shareholders. However, in order for us to continue to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy numerous requirements established under highly technical and complex Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. Satisfaction of these requirements also depends on various factual circumstances not entirely within our control. The fact that we hold our assets through an operating partnership and its subsidiaries further complicates the application of the REIT requirements. Even a technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Although we believe that we can continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT, we cannot offer any assurance that we will continue to do so or that legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not significantly change the qualification requirements or the federal income tax consequences of qualification. If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it would have the following effects: 
We would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to shareholders and would be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates;
Unless we were entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, we would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT;
Our net earnings available for investment or distribution to our shareholders would decrease due to the additional tax liability for the year or years involved; and
We would no longer be required to make any distributions to shareholders in order to qualify as a REIT.
As such, failure to qualify as a REIT would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our securities.
REIT distribution requirements limit the amount of cash we have available for other business purposes, including amounts that we need to fund our future capital needs.
To maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, we must annually distribute to our shareholders at least 90% of our ordinary taxable income, excluding net capital gains. We intend to continue to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the 90% distribution requirement. However, this requirement limits our ability to accumulate capital for use for other business purposes. If we do not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the distribution requirements, we may have to borrow funds or sell properties on adverse terms in order to meet the distribution requirements. If we fail to make a

-11-


required distribution, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.
U.S. federal income tax treatment of REITs and investments in REITs may change, which may result in the loss of our tax benefits of operating as a REIT.
The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of a REIT and an investment in a REIT may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. Revisions in U.S. federal income tax laws and interpretations of these laws could adversely affect us and the tax consequences of an investment in our common shares.
We are subject to certain provisions that could discourage change-of-control transactions, which may reduce the likelihood of our shareholders receiving a control premium for their shares.
Indiana anti-takeover legislation and certain provisions in our governing documents, as we discuss below, may discourage potential acquirers from pursuing a change-of-control transaction with us. As a result, our shareholders may be less likely to receive a control premium for their shares.
Unissued Preferred Stock. Our charter permits our board of directors to classify unissued preferred stock by setting the rights and preferences of the shares at the time of issuance. This power enables our board to adopt a shareholder rights plan, also known as a poison pill. Although we have repealed our previously existing poison pill and our current board of directors has adopted a policy not to issue preferred stock as an anti-takeover measure, our board can change this policy at any time. The adoption of a poison pill would discourage a potential bidder from acquiring a significant position in the company without the approval of our board.
Business-Combination Provisions of Indiana Law. We have not opted out of the business-combination provisions of the Indiana Business Corporation Law. As a result, potential bidders may have to negotiate with our board of directors before acquiring 10% of our stock. Without securing board approval of the proposed business combination before crossing the 10% ownership threshold, a bidder would not be permitted to complete a business combination for five years after becoming a 10% shareholder. Even after the five-year period, a business combination with the significant shareholder would either be required to meet certain per share price minimums as set forth in the Indiana Business Corporation Law or to receive the approval of a majority of the disinterested shareholders.
Control-Share-Acquisition Provisions of Indiana Law. We have not opted out of the provisions of the Indiana Business Corporation Law regarding acquisitions of control shares. Therefore, those who acquire a significant block (at least 20%) of our shares may only vote a portion of their shares unless our other shareholders vote to accord full voting rights to the acquiring person. Moreover, if the other shareholders vote to give full voting rights with respect to the control shares and the acquiring person has acquired a majority of our outstanding shares, the other shareholders would be entitled to special dissenters’ rights.
Supermajority Voting Provisions. Our charter prohibits business combinations or significant disposition transactions with a holder of 10% of our shares unless: 
The holders of 80% of our outstanding shares of capital stock approve the transaction;
The transaction has been approved by three-fourths of those directors who served on the board before the shareholder became a 10% owner; or
The significant shareholder complies with the “fair price” provisions of our charter.
Among the transactions with large shareholders requiring the supermajority shareholder approval are dispositions of assets with a value greater than or equal to $1,000,000 and business combinations.

-12-


Operating Partnership Provisions. The limited partnership agreement of DRLP contains provisions that could discourage change-of-control transactions, including a requirement that holders of at least 90% of the outstanding partnership units held by us and other unit holders approve: 
Any voluntary sale, exchange, merger, consolidation or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of DRLP in one or more transactions other than a disposition occurring upon a financing or refinancing of DRLP;
Our merger, consolidation or other business combination with another entity unless after the transaction substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity are contributed to DRLP in exchange for units;
Our assignment of our interests in DRLP other than to one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries; and
Any reclassification or recapitalization or change of outstanding shares of our common stock other than certain changes in par value, stock splits, stock dividends or combinations.
We are dependent on key personnel.
Our executive officers and other senior officers have a significant role in the success of our Company. Our ability to retain our management group or to attract suitable replacements should any members of the management group leave our Company is dependent on the competitive nature of the employment market. The loss of services from key members of the management group or a limitation in their availability could adversely impact our financial condition and cash flow. Further, such a loss could be negatively perceived in the capital markets.
Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments
We have no unresolved comments with the SEC staff regarding our periodic or current reports under the Exchange Act.
Item 2.  Properties
Product Review
As of December 31, 2011, we own interests in a diversified portfolio of 748 commercial properties encompassing more than 136.5 million net rentable square feet (including 126 jointly controlled in-service properties with approximately 25.3 million square feet, five consolidated properties under development with more than 639,000 square feet and one jointly controlled property under development with approximately 274,000 square feet).
Industrial Properties: We own interests in 495 industrial properties encompassing more than 107.4 million square feet (79% of total square feet). These properties primarily consist of bulk warehouses (industrial warehouse/distribution centers with clear ceiling heights of 20 feet or more), but also include service center properties (also known as flex buildings or light industrial, having 12-18 foot clear ceiling heights and a combination of drive-up and dock-height loading access). Of these properties, 427 buildings with more than 90.6 million square feet are consolidated and 68 buildings with more than 16.8 million square feet are jointly controlled.
Office Properties: We own interests in 203 office buildings totaling more than 23.7 million square feet (17% of total square feet). These properties include primarily suburban office properties. Of these properties, 149 buildings with more than 16.3 million square feet are consolidated and 54 buildings with approximately 7.4 million square feet are jointly controlled.

-13-


Other Properties: We own interests in 50 medical office and retail buildings totaling approximately 5.4 million square feet (4% of total square feet). Of these properties, 45 buildings with approximately 4.0 million square feet are consolidated and five buildings with approximately 1.4 million square feet are jointly controlled.
Land: We own, including through ownership interests in unconsolidated joint ventures, more than 4,800 acres of land and control an additional 1,630 acres through purchase options.
Property Descriptions
The following tables represent the geographic highlights of consolidated and jointly controlled in-service properties in our primary markets.
Consolidated Properties
 
 
Square Feet
 
Annual Net
Effective
Rent (1)
 
Percent of
Annual  Net
Effective
Rent
 
Industrial
 
Office
 
Other
 
Overall
 
Percent of
Overall
 
Primary Market
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indianapolis
15,922,595

 
2,726,476

 
1,099,070

 
19,748,141

 
17.9
%
 
$
103,018,531

 
18.0
%
Cincinnati
10,460,424

 
3,604,321

 
138,798

 
14,203,543

 
12.9
%
 
66,979,687

 
11.7
%
South Florida
4,689,788

 
1,406,411

 
390,942

 
6,487,141

 
5.9
%
 
54,505,021

 
9.5
%
Raleigh
3,028,181

 
2,641,494

 
289,518

 
5,959,193

 
5.4
%
 
54,017,789

 
9.4
%
St. Louis
3,691,755

 
2,681,290

 

 
6,373,045

 
5.8
%
 
39,243,047

 
6.9
%
Chicago
9,376,382

 
128,498

 
56,531

 
9,561,411

 
8.7
%
 
38,245,811

 
6.7
%
Atlanta
7,819,477

 
548,534

 
403,339

 
8,771,350

 
8.0
%
 
34,714,883

 
6.1
%
Nashville
3,252,010

 
989,249

 
120,660

 
4,361,919

 
4.0
%
 
32,831,221

 
5.7
%
Dallas
7,060,095

 

 
279,127

 
7,339,222

 
6.7
%
 
26,177,424

 
4.6
%
Savannah
7,113,946

 

 

 
7,113,946

 
6.4
%
 
21,208,822

 
3.7
%
Columbus
6,608,537

 

 
73,238

 
6,681,775

 
6.1
%
 
20,456,098

 
3.6
%
Central Florida
3,360,479

 

 
84,130

 
3,444,609

 
3.1
%
 
16,445,534

 
2.9
%
Minneapolis
3,719,834

 

 

 
3,719,834

 
3.4
%
 
15,366,785

 
2.7
%
Houston
1,718,380

 

 
168,850

 
1,887,230

 
1.7
%
 
11,317,566

 
2.0
%
Cleveland

 
1,054,681

 

 
1,054,681

 
1.0
%
 
9,529,341

 
1.7
%
Washington DC
78,560

 
219,464

 
289,855

 
587,879

 
0.5
%
 
7,438,933

 
1.3
%
Southern California
612,671

 

 

 
612,671

 
0.6
%
 
3,967,897

 
0.7
%
Phoenix
1,048,965

 

 

 
1,048,965

 
1.0
%
 
3,791,717

 
0.7
%
San Antonio

 

 
110,739

 
110,739

 
0.1
%
 
3,287,412

 
0.6
%
Baltimore
462,070

 

 

 
462,070

 
0.4
%
 
2,696,875

 
0.5
%
Austin

 

 
180,222

 
180,222

 
0.2
%
 
2,556,165

 
0.4
%
Norfolk
466,000

 

 

 
466,000

 
0.4
%
 
2,290,177

 
0.4
%
Other (2)
120,000

 

 

 
120,000

 
0.1
%
 
2,160,000

 
0.4
%
Total
90,610,149

 
16,000,418

 
3,685,019

 
110,295,586

 
100.0
%
 
$
572,246,736

 
100.0
%
 
82.2
%
 
14.5
%
 
3.3
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 





-14-



Jointly Controlled Properties
 
Square Feet
 
Annual Net
Effective
Rent (1)
 
Percent of
Annual  Net
Effective
Rent
 
Industrial
 
Office
 
Other
 
Overall
 
Percent of
Overall
 
Primary Market
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indianapolis
4,308,919

 

 

 
4,308,919

 
17.0
%
 
$
2,045,276

 
3.5
%
Cincinnati
211,486

 
541,504

 
206,315

 
959,305

 
3.8
%
 
2,109,873

 
3.6
%
South Florida

 
610,712

 

 
610,712

 
2.4
%
 
2,551,723

 
4.4
%
Raleigh

 
687,549

 

 
687,549

 
2.7
%
 
3,809,007

 
6.6
%
St. Louis

 
252,378

 

 
252,378

 
1.0
%
 
741,537

 
1.3
%
Chicago

 
203,304

 

 
203,304

 
0.8
%
 
555,799

 
1.0
%
Atlanta

 
436,275

 

 
436,275

 
1.7
%
 
2,294,988

 
4.0
%
Nashville

 
180,147

 

 
180,147

 
0.7
%
 
595,267

 
1.0
%
Dallas
7,770,278

 
182,700

 
520,786

 
8,473,764

 
33.5
%
 
14,525,973

 
25.1
%
Columbus
1,142,400

 
704,292

 

 
1,846,692

 
7.3
%
 
2,244,413

 
3.9
%
Central Florida
908,422

 
624,796

 

 
1,533,218

 
6.1
%
 
3,854,797

 
6.7
%
Minneapolis

 
537,018

 
381,922

 
918,940

 
3.6
%
 
5,283,947

 
9.1
%
Houston

 
248,925

 

 
248,925

 
1.0
%
 
749,459

 
1.3
%
Washington DC
658,322

 
2,146,775

 

 
2,805,097

 
11.1
%
 
14,655,321

 
25.3
%
Phoenix
1,829,735

 

 

 
1,829,735

 
7.2
%
 
1,866,609

 
3.2
%
Total
16,829,562

 
7,356,375

 
1,109,023

 
25,294,960

 
100.0
%
 
$
57,883,989

 
100.0
%
 
66.5
%
 
29.1
%
 
4.4
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

-15-



 
Occupancy %
 
Consolidated Properties
 
Jointly Controlled Properties
 
Industrial
 
Office
 
Other
 
Overall
 
Industrial
 
Office
 
Other
 
Overall
Primary Market
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Indianapolis
97.4
%
 
91.9
%
 
89.8
%
 
96.2
%
 
91.5
%
 

 

 
91.5
%
Cincinnati
91.5
%
 
80.0
%
 
95.8
%
 
88.6
%
 
100.0
%
 
98.6
%
 
100.0
%
 
99.2
%
South Florida
83.0
%
 
80.7
%
 
93.6
%
 
83.1
%
 

 
95.4
%
 

 
95.4
%
Raleigh
96.6
%
 
87.9
%
 
93.6
%
 
92.6
%
 

 
89.4
%
 

 
89.4
%
St. Louis
87.6
%
 
78.6
%
 

 
83.8
%
 

 
80.7
%
 

 
80.7
%
Chicago
98.5
%
 
98.3
%
 
88.1
%
 
98.4
%
 

 
81.2
%
 

 
81.2
%
Atlanta
77.2
%
 
94.0
%
 
88.8
%
 
78.8
%
 

 
51.1
%
 

 
51.1
%
Nashville
95.9
%
 
92.2
%
 
100.0
%
 
95.2
%
 

 
100.0
%
 

 
100.0
%
Dallas
93.3
%
 

 
68.8
%
 
92.4
%
 
86.3
%
 
100.0
%
 
95.4
%
 
87.2
%
Savannah
91.8
%
 

 

 
91.8
%
 

 

 

 

Columbus
96.2
%
 

 
100.0
%
 
96.3
%
 
100.0
%
 
88.0
%
 

 
95.4
%
Central Florida
90.1
%
 

 
80.5
%
 
89.9
%
 
100.0
%
 
84.0
%
 

 
93.5
%
Minneapolis
86.0
%
 

 

 
86.0
%
 

 
100.0
%
 
74.1
%
 
89.2
%
Houston
95.3
%
 

 
96.1
%
 
95.4
%
 

 
100.0
%
 

 
100.0
%
Cleveland

 
70.8
%
 

 
70.8
%
 

 

 

 

Washington DC
91.5
%
 
42.5
%
 
90.2
%
 
72.6
%
 
80.1
%
 
92.1
%
 

 
89.2
%
Southern California
100.0
%
 

 

 
100.0
%
 

 

 

 

Phoenix
84.5
%
 

 

 
84.5
%
 
100.0
%
 

 

 
100.0
%
San Antonio

 

 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 

 

 

 

Baltimore
100.0
%
 

 

 
100.0
%
 

 

 

 

Austin

 

 
73.5
%
 
73.5
%
 

 

 

 

Norfolk
100.0
%
 

 

 
100.0
%
 

 

 

 

Other (2)
100.0
%
 

 

 
100.0
%
 

 

 

 

Total
92.1
%
 
83.4
%
 
89.2
%
 
90.8
%
 
90.7
%
 
89.6
%
 
88.9
%
 
90.3
%
(1)
Represents the average annual rental property revenue due from tenants in occupancy as of December 31, 2011, excluding additional rent due as operating expense reimbursements, landlord allowances for operating expenses and percentage rents. Joint venture properties are shown at our ownership percentage.
(2)
Represents properties not located in our primary markets.


Item 3.  Legal Proceedings
We are not subject to any material pending legal proceedings, other than routine litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. Our management expects that these ordinary routine legal proceedings will be covered by insurance and does not expect these legal proceedings to have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or liquidity.
Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.


-16-

Table of Contents

PART II
Item 5.  Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Our common stock is listed for trading on the NYSE under the symbol “DRE.” The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock for the periods indicated and the dividend paid per share during each such period. As of February 21, 2012, there were 8,266 record holders of our common stock. 
 
2011
 
2010
Quarter Ended
High
 
Low
 
Dividend
 
High
 
Low
 
Dividend
December 31
$
12.77

 
$
9.29

 
$0.170
 
 
$
12.98

 
$
10.85

 
$0.170
September 30
14.83

 
9.83

 
0.170

 
 
12.60

 
10.19

 
0.170

June 30
15.63

 
13.15

 
0.170

 
 
14.35

 
10.66

 
0.170

March 31
14.34

 
12.45

 
0.170

 
 
13.37

 
10.26

 
0.170

On January 25, 2012, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.17 per share, payable on February 29, 2012, to common shareholders of record on February 15, 2012.
A summary of the tax characterization of the dividends paid per common share for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 follows:  
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Total dividends paid per share
$
0.68

 
$
0.68

 
$
0.76

Ordinary income
3.3
%
 
24.9
%
 
69.0
%
Return of capital
96.7
%
 
56.3
%
 
26.4
%
Capital gains
%
 
18.8
%
 
4.6
%
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The information required by this Item concerning securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans is set forth in or incorporated herein by reference to Part III, Item 12 of this Report.
Sales of Unregistered Securities
We did not sell any of our securities during the year ended December 31, 2011 that were not registered under the Securities Act.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
From time to time, we repurchase our securities under a repurchase program that initially was approved by the board of directors and publicly announced in October 2001 (the “Repurchase Program”).
The following table shows the share repurchase activity for each of the three months in the quarter ended December 31, 2011:
 

-17-


Month
Total Number of
Shares
Purchased
 
 
 
Average Price
Paid per Share
 
Total Number of
Shares Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced  Plans or
Programs
 
Maximum Dollar Value of Shares
That May Yet be
Repurchased
Under the Plan
(1)
October
6,635

 
 
 
$
10.81

 
6,635

 
74,496,122

November
10,081

 
 
 
$
11.32

 
10,081

 
74,382,005

December
3,524

 
 
 
$
11.87

 
3,524

 
74,340,176

Total
20,240

 
(2)
 
$
11.25

 
20,240

 
 
(1)
On April 27, 2011, the board of directors adopted a resolution that amended and restated the Repurchase Program and delegated authority to management to repurchase a maximum of $75.0 million of common shares, $250.0 million of debt securities and $75.0 million of preferred shares (the “April 2011 Resolution”). The April 2011 Resolution will expire on April 27, 2012.
(2)
Common shares repurchased in connection with our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, a component of our Repurchase Program.


-18-


Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following sets forth selected financial and operating information on a historical basis for each of the years in the five-year period ended December 31, 2011. The following information should be read in conjunction with Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included in this Form 10-K (in thousands, except per share amounts):
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
Results of Operations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental and related revenue
$
752,478

 
$
678,795

 
$
634,455

 
$
592,198

 
$
559,236

General contractor and service fee revenue
521,796

 
515,361

 
449,509

 
434,624

 
311,548

Total Revenues from Continuing Operations
$
1,274,274

 
$
1,194,156

 
$
1,083,964

 
$
1,026,822

 
$
870,784

Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
(4,037
)
 
$
38,701

 
$
(240,235
)
 
$
89,021

 
$
169,762

Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
$
31,416

 
$
(14,108
)
 
$
(333,601
)
 
$
50,408

 
$
211,942

Per Share Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
(0.28
)
 
$
(0.18
)
 
$
(1.51
)
 
$
0.19

 
$
0.64

Discontinued operations
0.39

 
0.11

 
(0.16
)
 
0.14

 
0.87

Diluted income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
(0.28
)
 
(0.18
)
 
(1.51
)
 
0.19

 
0.64

Discontinued operations
0.39

 
0.11

 
(0.16
)
 
0.14

 
0.87

Dividends paid per common share
0.68

 
0.68

 
0.76

 
1.93

 
1.91

Weighted average common shares outstanding
252,694

 
238,920

 
201,206

 
146,915

 
139,255

Weighted average common shares and potential dilutive securities
259,598

 
238,920

 
201,206

 
154,553

 
149,250

Balance Sheet Data (at December 31):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Assets
$
7,004,437

 
$
7,644,276

 
$
7,304,279

 
$
7,690,883

 
$
7,661,981

Total Debt
3,809,589

 
4,207,079

 
3,854,032

 
4,276,990

 
4,288,436

Total Preferred Equity
793,910

 
904,540

 
1,016,625

 
1,016,625

 
744,000

Total Shareholders' Equity
2,714,686

 
2,945,610

 
2,925,345

 
2,844,019

 
2,778,502

Total Common Shares Outstanding
252,927

 
252,195

 
224,029

 
148,420

 
146,175

Other Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funds from Operations attributable to common shareholders (1)
$
274,616

 
$
297,955

 
$
142,597

 
$
369,698

 
$
378,282

(1) Funds From Operations (“FFO”) is used by industry analysts and investors as a supplemental operating performance measure of an equity real estate investment trust (“REIT”) like Duke Realty Corporation. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) created FFO as a supplemental measure of REIT operating performance that excludes historical cost depreciation, among other items, from net income determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. The most comparable GAAP measure is net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders. FFO attributable to common shareholders should not be considered as a substitute for net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders or any other measures derived in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. FFO is calculated in accordance with the definition that was adopted by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, which was clarified during the fourth quarter of 2011 to exclude impairment charges related to depreciable real estate assets and certain investments in joint ventures. As a result of this clarification, we have revised our calculation of FFO for 2009 to exclude $134.1 million of such impairment charges.
Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry analysts and investors have considered presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, represents GAAP net income (loss), excluding extraordinary items as defined under GAAP and gains or losses from sales of previously depreciated real estate assets, impairment charges related to depreciable real estate assets, plus certain non-cash items such as real estate asset depreciation and amortization, and after similar adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
Management believes that the use of FFO attributable to common shareholders, combined with net income (which remains the primary measure of performance), improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and makes comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management believes that excluding gains or losses related to sales of previously depreciated real estate assets, impairment charges related to depreciable real estate assets and real estate asset depreciation and amortization enables investors and analysts to readily identify the operating results of the long-term assets that form the core of a REIT’s activity and assist them in comparing these operating results between periods or between different companies.
See reconciliation of FFO to GAAP net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders under the caption “Year in Review” under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

-19-


Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Business Overview
We are a self-administered and self-managed REIT that began operations through a related entity in 1972. As of December 31, 2011, we: 
Owned or jointly controlled 748 industrial, office, medical office and other properties, of which 742 properties with approximately 135.6 million square feet are in service and six properties with approximately 913,000 square feet are under development. The 742 in-service properties are comprised of 616 consolidated properties with approximately 110.3 million square feet and 126 jointly controlled properties with approximately 25.3 million square feet. The six properties under development consist of five consolidated properties with more than 639,000 square feet and one jointly controlled property with approximately 274,000 square feet.
Owned, including through ownership interests in unconsolidated joint ventures, more than 4,800 acres of land and controlled an additional 1,630 acres through purchase options.
We have three reportable operating segments, the first two of which consist of the ownership and rental of (i) office and (ii) industrial real estate investments. The operations of our office and industrial properties, along with our medical office and retail properties, are collectively referred to as “Rental Operations.” Our medical office and retail properties do not by themselves meet the quantitative thresholds for separate presentation as reportable segments.
The third reportable segment consists of providing various real estate services such as property management, asset management, maintenance, leasing, development and construction management to third-party property owners and joint ventures, and is collectively referred to as “Service Operations.” Our reportable segments offer different products or services and are managed separately because each segment requires different operating strategies and management expertise. Our Service Operations segment also includes our taxable REIT subsidiary, a legal entity through which certain of the segment’s operations are conducted.
Operations Strategy
Our operational focus is to drive profitability by maximizing cash from operations as well as Funds from Operations (“FFO”) through (i) maintaining and increasing property occupancy and rental rates by effectively managing our portfolio of existing properties; (ii) selectively developing new pre-leased medical office and build-to-suit projects at accretive returns; (iii) leveraging our construction expertise to act as a general contractor or construction manager on a fee basis; and (iv) providing a full line of real estate services to our tenants and to third parties.
Asset Strategy
Our asset strategy is to reposition our investment concentration among product types and further diversify our geographic presence. Our strategic objectives include (i) increasing our investment in quality industrial properties in both existing markets and select new markets; (ii) expanding our medical office portfolio nationally to take advantage of demographic trends; (iii) increasing our asset investment in markets we believe provide the best potential for future growth; and (iv) reducing our investment in suburban office properties located primarily in the Midwest as well as reducing our investment in other non-strategic assets. We are executing our asset strategy through a disciplined approach in identifying accretive acquisition opportunities and our focused development initiatives, which are financed primarily from our active asset disposition program.

-20-


Capital Strategy
Our capital strategy is to maintain a strong balance sheet by actively managing the components of our capital structure, in coordination with the execution of our overall operating and asset strategy. We are focused on maintaining investment grade ratings from our credit rating agencies with the ultimate goal of improving the key metrics that formulate our credit ratings.
In support of our capital strategy, we employ an asset disposition program to sell non-strategic real estate assets, which generates proceeds that can be recycled into new property investments that better fit our growth objectives or can be used to reduce leverage and otherwise manage our capital structure.
We continue to focus on improving our balance sheet by maintaining a balanced and flexible capital structure which includes: (i) extending and sequencing the maturity dates of our outstanding debt obligations; (ii) borrowing primarily at fixed rates by targeting a variable rate component of total debt less than 20%; and (iii) issuing common equity from time-to-time to maintain appropriate leverage parameters or support significant strategic acquisitions. With our successes to date and continued focus on strengthening our balance sheet, we believe we are well-positioned for future growth.
Year in Review
The slow pace of recovery in the general economy has continued to present challenges for the commercial real estate industry during 2011. There has been some improvement in a few key metrics such as unemployment; however, the downgrade of the United States credit rating by Standard & Poor's, unresolved United States national debt ceiling discussions and sovereign debt issues in Europe continue to weigh heavily on the willingness and ability of businesses to make long term capital commitments. Notwithstanding the condition of the economy, as noted hereafter, we were able to execute on our operations, asset and capital strategies, including the execution of a significant portfolio sale (the "Blackstone Office Disposition") that allowed us to reduce our overall investment concentration in suburban office properties.
Net income attributable to common shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2011, was $31.4 million, or $0.11 per share (diluted), compared to a net loss of $14.1 million, or $0.07 per share (diluted) for the year ended December 31, 2010. The improvement in 2011 from the 2010 net loss position was mainly the result of a $96.7 million increase in gains on sales of properties. Partially offsetting this positive change in property sale gains was a $57.0 million decrease in income related to acquisition-related activity, as a gain of $57.7 million was recognized in 2010 upon the acquisition of our joint venture partner’s 50% interest in Dugan Realty, L.L.C. (“Dugan”), a real estate joint venture that we had previously accounted for using the equity method. FFO attributable to common shareholders totaled $274.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to $298.0 million for 2010, with the decrease driven primarily by the $57.7 million gain on the acquisition of Dugan in 2010.
Industry analysts and investors use FFO as a supplemental operating performance measure of an equity REIT. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) created FFO as a supplemental measure of REIT operating performance that excludes historical cost depreciation, among other items, from net income determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). FFO is a non-GAAP financial measure. The most comparable GAAP measure is net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders. FFO attributable to common shareholders should not be considered as a substitute for net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders or any other measures derived in accordance with GAAP and may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. FFO is calculated in accordance with the definition that was adopted by the Board of Governors of NAREIT, which was clarified during the fourth quarter of

-21-


2011 to exclude impairment charges related to depreciable real estate assets and certain investments in joint ventures. As a result of this clarification, we have revised our calculation of FFO for 2009 to exclude $134.1 million of such impairment charges.
Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry analysts and investors have considered presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, represents GAAP net income (loss), excluding extraordinary items as defined under GAAP and gains or losses from sales of previously depreciated real estate assets, impairment charges related to depreciable real estate assets, plus certain non-cash items such as real estate asset depreciation and amortization, and after similar adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.
Management believes that the use of FFO attributable to common shareholders, combined with net income (which remains the primary measure of performance), improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and makes comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Management believes that excluding gains or losses related to sales of previously depreciated real estate assets, impairment charges related to depreciable real estate assets and real estate asset depreciation and amortization enables investors and analysts to readily identify the operating results of the long-term assets that form the core of a REIT’s activity and assist them in comparing these operating results between periods or between different companies. The following table shows a reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to the calculation of FFO attributable to common shareholders for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively (in thousands):
 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
$
31,416

 
$
(14,108
)
 
$
(333,601
)
Adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
385,679

 
360,184

 
340,126

Company share of joint venture depreciation and amortization
33,687

 
34,674

 
36,966

Impairment charges on depreciable properties

 

 
134,055

Earnings from depreciable property sales – wholly-owned
(169,431
)
 
(72,716
)
 
(19,123
)
Earnings from depreciable property sales – share of joint venture
(91
)
 
(2,308
)
 

Noncontrolling interest share of adjustments
(6,644
)
 
(7,771
)
 
(15,826
)
Funds From Operations attributable to common shareholders
$
274,616

 
$
297,955

 
$
142,597

We continued to make significant progress during 2011 in executing our stated asset strategy of increasing our investment in industrial and medical office properties and reducing our investment in suburban office properties. Additionally, we improved in most of our key operational metrics which is an indication of continued execution of our operations strategy. Highlights of our 2011 strategic activities are as follows: 
In the first four months of 2011, we completed the acquisition of a portfolio of primarily industrial properties in South Florida (the “Premier Portfolio”), for which we had already purchased 38 industrial properties and one office property in late 2010. The 2011 acquisitions consisted of twelve industrial and four office buildings with a total acquisition-date value of $282.9 million. The Premier Portfolio, in its entirety, includes 50 industrial and five office buildings with over 4.9 million rentable square feet and four ground leases, for a total acquisition date value of $464.5 million.
During 2011, in addition to completing the acquisition of the Premier Portfolio, we demonstrated further progress on our asset strategy by acquiring 29 industrial properties, eleven medical office

-22-


properties and three suburban office properties with a total value of $575.4 million.
We generated $1.57 billion of total net cash proceeds from the disposition of 119 wholly-owned buildings, either through outright sales or partial sales to unconsolidated joint ventures, as well as selling 47 acres of wholly-owned undeveloped land.
Included in the wholly-owned building dispositions in 2011 is the Blackstone Office Disposition, by which we sold substantially all of our wholly-owned suburban office real estate properties in Atlanta, Chicago, Columbus, Dallas, Minneapolis, Orlando and Tampa. The Blackstone Office Disposition consisted of 79 buildings that had an aggregate of 9.8 million rentable square feet. These buildings were sold for a sales price of approximately $1.06 billion which, after the settlement of certain working capital items and the payment of applicable transaction costs, was received in a combination of approximately $1.02 billion in cash and the assumption by the buyer of approximately $24.9 million of mortgage debt.
Also included in the wholly-owned building dispositions in 2011 is the sale of 13 suburban office buildings, totaling over 2.0 million square feet, to a 20%-owned joint venture. These buildings were sold to the joint venture for a value of $342.8 million, of which our 80% share of proceeds totaled $273.7 million.
We have limited our new development starts to selected projects in markets or product types expected to have strong future rent growth and demand or projects that have significant pre-leasing. The total estimated cost of our consolidated properties under construction was $124.2 million at December 31, 2011, with $35.2 million of such costs incurred through that date. The total estimated cost for jointly controlled properties under construction was $89.3 million at December 31, 2011, with $7.3 million of costs incurred through that date.
The occupancy level for our in-service portfolio of consolidated properties increased from 89.1% at December 31, 2010 to 90.8% at December 31, 2011. The increase in occupancy was primarily driven by our acquisition and disposition activities as well as leasing up vacant space.
Despite the continued slow pace of the overall economic recovery, we continued to have strong total leasing activity for our consolidated properties, with total leasing activity of 19.7 million square feet in 2011 compared to 20.4 million square feet in 2010.
Total leasing activity for our consolidated properties in 2011 included 9.8 million square feet of renewals, which represented a 67.4% success rate and resulted in a 2.7% reduction in net effective rents.
We executed a number of significant transactions in support of our capital strategy during 2011 in order to optimally sequence our unsecured debt maturities, manage our overall leverage profile, and support our acquisition strategy. Highlights of our key financing activities in 2011 are as follows:
In December 2011, we repaid the remaining $167.6 million of our 3.75% Exchangeable Senior Notes ("Exchangeable Notes") at their scheduled maturity date. Due to accounting requirements, under which we recorded interest expense on this debt at a similar rate as could have been obtained for non-convertible debt, this debt had an effective interest rate of 5.62%.
In November 2011, we renewed and extended the term of our unsecured line of credit. The renewed facility matures in December 2015, has a one-year extension option, and bears interest at LIBOR plus 125 basis points. The previous $850 million facility did not have an extension option and bore interest at LIBOR plus 275 basis points.

-23-


In July 2011, we redeemed all of the outstanding shares of our 7.25% Series N Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares ("Series N Shares") at a liquidation amount of $108.6 million.
We assumed 13 secured loans in conjunction with our 2011 acquisitions. These assumed loans had a total face value of $162.4 million.
Key Performance Indicators
Our operating results depend primarily upon rental income from our industrial, office, medical office and retail properties (collectively referred to as “Rental Operations”). The following discussion highlights the areas of Rental Operations that we consider critical drivers of future revenues.
Occupancy Analysis: As previously discussed, our ability to maintain high occupancy rates is a principal driver of maintaining and increasing rental revenue from continuing operations. The following table sets forth occupancy information regarding our in-service portfolio of consolidated rental properties as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively (in thousands, except percentage data):
 
Total
Square Feet
 
Percent of
Total Square Feet
 
Percent Leased
Type
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
 
2011
 
2010
Industrial
90,610

 
81,821

 
82.2
%
 
71.7
%
 
92.1
%
 
90.6
%
Office
16,001

 
29,341

 
14.5
%
 
25.7
%
 
83.4
%
 
85.4
%
Other (Medical Office and Retail)
3,685

 
2,916

 
3.3
%
 
2.6
%
 
89.2
%
 
85.7
%
Total
110,296

 
114,078

 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
90.8
%
 
89.1
%
The increase in occupancy at December 31, 2011 compared to December 31, 2010 is primarily driven by changes in our portfolio that resulted from our acquisition and disposition activity. Specifically, we disposed of properties during 2011, totaling approximately 16.3 million square feet, that had average occupancy on sale of approximately 83%, while we acquired properties totaling approximately 9.1 million square feet that had average occupancy on acquisition of approximately 94%. Continued lease-up activity within our portfolio also contributed to the increase in occupancy.
Lease Expiration and Renewals: Our ability to maintain and improve occupancy rates primarily depends upon our continuing ability to re-lease expiring space. The following table reflects our consolidated in-service portfolio lease expiration schedule by property type as of December 31, 2011. The table indicates square footage and annualized net effective rents (based on December 2011 rental revenue) under expiring leases (in thousands, except percentage data):

-24-


 
Total Portfolio
 
Industrial
 
Office
 
Other
Year of Expiration
Square
Feet
 
Ann. Rent
Revenue
 
% of
Revenue
 
Square
Feet
 
Ann. Rent
Revenue
 
Square
Feet
 
Ann. Rent
Revenue
 
Square
Feet
 
Ann. Rent
Revenue
2012
7,492

 
$
40,800

 
7
%
 
6,067

 
$
23,355

 
1,345

 
$
16,211

 
80

 
$
1,234

2013
15,526

 
82,175

 
14
%
 
13,565

 
54,591

 
1,895

 
26,421

 
66

 
1,163

2014
11,675

 
63,576

 
11
%
 
9,870

 
38,975

 
1,634

 
21,693

 
171

 
2,908

2015
12,847

 
66,367

 
12
%
 
10,959

 
42,424

 
1,839

 
23,001

 
49

 
942

2016
11,162

 
60,151

 
11
%
 
9,216

 
34,399

 
1,838

 
23,566

 
108

 
2,186

2017
10,299

 
56,556

 
10
%
 
8,814

 
33,976

 
1,059

 
13,850

 
426

 
8,730

2018
5,633

 
43,914

 
8
%
 
3,977

 
16,316

 
1,092

 
14,706

 
564

 
12,892

2019
5,268

 
34,921

 
6
%
 
4,087

 
16,028

 
918

 
12,390

 
263

 
6,503

2020
6,782

 
41,094

 
7
%
 
5,714

 
22,545

 
670

 
10,439

 
398

 
8,110

2021
5,782

 
34,105

 
6
%
 
4,882

 
19,325

 
550

 
6,450

 
350

 
8,330

2022 and Thereafter
7,647

 
48,590

 
8
%
 
6,331

 
23,126

 
505

 
8,398

 
811

 
17,066

 
100,113

 
$
572,249

 
100
%
 
83,482

 
$
325,060

 
13,345

 
$
177,125

 
3,286

 
$
70,064

Total Portfolio Square Feet
110,296

 
 
 
 
 
90,610

 
 
 
16,001

 
 
 
3,685

 
 
Percent Leased
90.8
%
 
 
 
 
 
92.1
%
 
 
 
83.4
%
 
 
 
89.2
%
 
 
Within our consolidated properties, we renewed 67.4% and 77.2% of our leases up for renewal, totaling approximately 9.8 million and 10.1 million square feet in 2011 and 2010, respectively. Our renewal percentage was lower in 2011 due to the expiration of a few individually large industrial leases where the tenants' space requirements were reduced and the leases were not renewed. Barring any unforeseen deterioration in general economic conditions, we believe our renewal percentage in 2012 should approximate historical levels, which have generally ranged between 70.0% to 80.0%.
There was a 2.7% decline in net effective rents on our renewals during 2011, compared to a 4.9% decline in 2010. The decline in net effective rents on renewal leases during 2011 is largely attributable to the expiration of leases originated during better economic conditions existing between 2005 and 2007. The change in net effective rents upon renewal improved from 2010 in large part as the result of lower vacancy in many of our markets and, also barring any unforeseen deterioration in general economic conditions, we anticipate continued slight improvement in 2012 net effective rents as compared to 2011.
Acquisitions: In 2011, we acquired 59 properties and other real estate-related assets with a total acquisition-date value of $757.1 million, including 16 properties purchased in completion of the Premier Portfolio acquisition. These acquisitions represent further advancement of our strategy to increase our concentration in industrial and medical office properties and included 41 industrial properties, eleven medical office properties and seven suburban office properties.
On July 1, 2010, we acquired our joint venture partner's 50% interest in Dugan, a real estate joint venture that we had previously accounted for using the equity method. At the date of acquisition, Dugan owned 106 industrial buildings totaling 20.8 million square feet and 63 net acres of undeveloped land located in Midwest and Southeast markets. The total acquisition-date value of Dugan's assets was $638.2 million and we also assumed liabilities, including secured debt, having a total fair value of $305.6 million.
In addition to the 2010 acquisition of Dugan, we also acquired 52 properties in 2010 with a total acquisition-date value of $612.4 million. These 2010 acquisitions included the initial 39 properties from the Premier Portfolio, which were acquired on December 30, 2010.
Also in 2010, one of our unconsolidated joint ventures, in which we have a 20% equity interest, acquired two properties for $42.3 million. We contributed $8.6 million to the joint venture for our share of these acquisitions.


-25-


Dispositions: Net cash proceeds related to the dispositions of wholly-owned undeveloped land and buildings totaled $1.57 billion in 2011, compared to $499.5 million in 2010.
Included in the building dispositions in 2011 is the 79-building Blackstone Office Disposition, with a sales price of approximately $1.06 billion which, after settlement of certain working capital items and the payment of applicable transaction costs, was paid in a combination of approximately $1.02 billion in cash and the assumption by the buyer of mortgage debt with a face value of approximately $24.9 million.
Also included in the building dispositions in 2011 is the sale of 13 suburban office buildings, totaling over 2.0 million square feet, to an existing 20%-owned unconsolidated joint venture. These buildings were sold to the unconsolidated joint venture for a value of $342.8 million, of which our 80% share of proceeds totaled $273.7 million. Included in the building dispositions in 2010 is the sale of seven suburban office buildings, totaling over 1.0 million square feet, to the same 20%-owned joint venture. These buildings were sold to the unconsolidated joint venture for an agreed value of $173.9 million, of which our 80% share of proceeds totaled $139.1 million.
Future Development: Another source of our earnings growth is our wholly-owned and joint venture development activities. We expect to generate future earnings from Rental Operations as the development properties are placed in service and leased. We continue to direct a significant portion of our available resources toward acquisition activities as well as development activities in industrial and medical office properties with significant pre-leasing in markets that we believe will provide future growth. We believe these two product lines will be the areas of greatest future growth.
We had 913,000 square feet of consolidated or jointly controlled properties under development with total estimated costs upon completion of $213.5 million at December 31, 2011, compared to 3.8 million square feet of property under development with total estimated costs of $327.5 million at December 31, 2010. The square footage and estimated costs include both wholly-owned and joint venture development activity at 100%. The following table summarizes our properties under development as of December 31, 2011 (in thousands, except percentage data): 
Ownership Type
Square
Feet
 
Percent
Leased
 
Total
Estimated
Project
Costs
 
Total
Incurred
to Date
 
Amount
Remaining
to be Spent
Consolidated properties
639

 
84
%
 
$
124,215

 
$
35,163

 
$
89,052

Joint venture properties
274

 
100
%
 
89,271

 
7,303

 
81,968

Total
913

 
89
%
 
$
213,486

 
$
42,466

 
$
171,020


Results of Operations
A summary of our operating results and property statistics for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011, is as follows (in thousands, except number of properties and per share data):


-26-


 
2011
 
2010
 
2009
Rental and related revenue
$
752,478

 
$
678,795

 
$
634,455

General contractor and service fee revenue
521,796

 
515,361

 
449,509

Operating income (loss)
219,352

 
186,664

 
(115,567
)
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders
31,416

 
(14,108
)
 
(333,601
)
Weighted average common shares outstanding
252,694

 
238,920

 
201,206

Weighted average common shares and potential dilutive securities
259,598

 
238,920

 
201,206

Basic income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
(0.28
)
 
$
(0.18
)
 
$
(1.51
)
Discontinued operations
$
0.39

 
$
0.11

 
$
(0.16
)
Diluted income (loss) per common share:
 
 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
(0.28
)
 
$
(0.18
)
 
$
(1.51
)
Discontinued operations
$
0.39

 
$
0.11

 
$
(0.16
)
Number of in-service consolidated properties at end of year
616

 
669

 
543

In-service consolidated square footage at end of year
110,296

 
114,078

 
90,581

Number of in-service joint venture properties at end of year
126

 
114

 
211

In-service joint venture square footage at end of year
25,295

 
22,657

 
43,248

Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2011 to Year Ended December 31, 2010
Rental and Related Revenue
The following table sets forth rental and related revenue from continuing operations by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively (in thousands):
 
 
2011
 
2010
Rental and Related Revenue:
 
 
 
Office
$
271,137

 
$
312,036

Industrial
388,828

 
289,946

Non-reportable segments
92,513

 
76,813

Total
$
752,478

 
$
678,795

The primary reasons for the increase in rental revenue from continuing operations, with specific references to a particular segment when applicable, are summarized below:
We acquired 108 properties, of which 87 were industrial, and placed nine developments in service from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011, which provided incremental revenues of $79.8 million in the year ended December 31, 2011.
We consolidated 106 industrial buildings as a result of acquiring our joint venture partner’s 50% interest in Dugan on July 1, 2010. The consolidation of these buildings resulted in an increase of $37.2 million in rental and related revenue for the year ended December 31, 2011, as compared to the same period in 2010.
We sold 23 office properties to an unconsolidated joint venture in 2010 and the first quarter of 2011, resulting in a $55.2 million decrease in rental and related revenue from continuing operations in 2011.
The remaining increase in rental and related revenues is primarily due to improved results within the properties that have been in service for all of 2010 and 2011. Although rental rates declined slightly on our lease renewals, improved occupancy drove the overall improvement within these properties.

-27-


Rental Expenses and Real Estate Taxes
The following table reconciles rental expenses and real estate taxes by reportable segment to our total reported amounts in the statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively (in thousands): 
 
2011
 
2010
Rental Expenses:
 
 
 
Office
$
77,334

 
$
87,741

Industrial
44,289

 
30,884

Non-reportable segments
25,550

 
18,723

Total
$
147,173

 
$
137,348

Real Estate Taxes:
 
 
 
Office
$
34,274

 
$
39,380

Industrial
60,689

 
43,311

Non-reportable segments
8,761

 
7,027

Total
$
103,724

 
$
89,718

We recognized incremental rental expenses of $16.2 million associated with the additional 108 properties acquired (of which 87 were industrial) and nine developments placed in service since January 1, 2010. The July 1, 2010 consolidation of 106 industrial buildings in Dugan also resulted in a $5.3 million increase in rental expense for industrial properties. The aforementioned increases were partially offset by a decrease of $12.5 million related to 23 properties that were sold to an unconsolidated joint venture during 2010 and the first quarter of 2011.
We recognized incremental real estate taxes of $12.8 million associated with the additional 108 properties acquired and nine developments placed in service since January 1, 2010. The July 1, 2010 consolidation of 106 industrial buildings in Dugan resulted in incremental real estate taxes of $6.2 million. The aforementioned increases were partially offset by a decrease of $7.8 million related to 23 properties that were sold to an unconsolidated joint venture during 2010 and the first quarter of 2011. The remaining increases were the result of increased taxes on our properties that have been in service for all of 2010 and 2011.
Service Operations
The following table sets forth the components of the Service Operations reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively (in thousands): 
 
2011
 
2010
Service Operations:
 
 
 
General contractor and service fee revenue
$
521,796

 
$
515,361

General contractor and other services expenses
(480,480
)
 
(486,865
)
Total
$
41,316

 
$
28,496

Service Operations primarily consist of the leasing, property management, asset management, development, construction management and general contractor services for joint venture properties and properties owned by third parties. Service Operations are heavily influenced by the current state of the economy, as leasing and property management fees are dependent upon occupancy, while construction and development services rely on the expansion of business operations of third-party property owners and joint venture partners. The increase in earnings from Service Operations was due to increased profitability on third-party construction activities performed during 2011 compared to 2010, as overall construction volume was relatively consistent between the years.

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Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased from $279.6 million in 2010 to $330.5 million in 2011 primarily due to shorter-lived lease-based intangible assets being recognized in conjunction with our acquisition activity in 2010 and 2011.
Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Companies
Equity in earnings represents our ownership share of net income or loss from investments in unconsolidated companies that generally own and operate rental properties. Equity in earnings decreased from $8.0 million in 2010 to $4.6 million in 2011. The decrease was largely due to the consolidation of 106 properties upon the acquisition of our partner's 50% interest in Dugan on July 1, 2010.
Gain on Sale of Properties
Gains on sales of properties classified in continuing operations increased to $68.5 million in 2011 from $39.7 million in 2010. We sold 18 properties during 2011 that did not meet the criteria for inclusion in discontinued operations, compared to 17 of such properties in 2010. Of the properties sold in 2011 and 2010, 13 and seven properties, respectively, were sold to a 20%-owned joint venture. The combined gain on sale of these properties was $62.1 million and $31.9 million in 2011 and 2010, respectively.
Impairment Charges
Impairment charges classified in continuing operations include the impairment of undeveloped land and buildings, investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and other real estate related assets. The increase from $9.8 million in 2010 to $12.9 million in 2011 is primarily due to the following activity:
 
In 2011, we recognized $12.9 million of impairment charges related to parcels of land, which we intend to sell, where recent market activity led us to determine that a decline in fair value had occurred.
In 2010, we sold approximately 60 acres of land, in two separate transactions, which resulted in impairment charges of $9.8 million. These sales were opportunistic in nature and we had not identified or actively marketed this land for disposition, as it was previously intended to be held for development.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased from $41.3 million in 2010 to $43.1 million in 2011. General and administrative expenses consist of two components. The first component includes general corporate expenses and the second component includes the indirect operating costs not allocated to the development or operations of our wholly-owned properties and Service Operations. Those indirect costs not allocated to or absorbed by these operations are charged to general and administrative expenses. The increase in general and administrative expenses in 2011 resulted from an increase in our overall pool of overhead expenses, primarily due to an increase in severance pay related to an overhead reduction that took place near the end of 2011. Somewhat reducing the impact of this increase in overall overhead expenses was an increase in the absorption of indirect costs from leasing activities during 2011.
Interest Expense
Interest expense from continuing operations increased from $189.1 million in 2010 to $223.1 million in 2011. The increase was primarily a result of increased average outstanding debt during 2011 compared to 2010, which was driven by our acquisition activities as well as other uses of capital. A $7.2 million

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decrease in the capitalization of interest costs, the result of reduced development activity, also contributed to the increase in interest expense.
Gain (Loss) on Debt Transactions
There were no gains or losses on debt transactions during 2011.
During 2010, through a cash tender offer and open market transactions, we repurchased certain of our outstanding series of unsecured notes scheduled to mature in 2011 and 2013. In total, we paid $292.2 million for unsecured notes that had a face value of $279.9 million. We recognized a net loss on extinguishment of $16.3 million after considering the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs, discounts and other accounting adjustments.
Acquisition-Related Activity
During 2011, we recognized approximately $2.3 million in acquisition costs, compared to $1.9 million of such costs in 2010. During 2011, we also recognized a $1.1 million gain related to the acquisition of a building from one of our 50%-owned unconsolidated joint ventures, compared to a $57.7 million gain in 2010 on the acquisition of our joint venture partner's 50% interest in Dugan.
Discontinued Operations
Subject to certain criteria, the results of operations for properties sold during the year to unrelated parties or classified as held-for-sale at the end of the period are required to be classified as discontinued operations. The property specific components of earnings that are classified as discontinued operations include rental revenues, rental expenses, real estate taxes, allocated interest expense, depreciation expense and impairment charges as well as the net gain or loss on the disposition of properties.
The operations of 138 buildings are currently classified as discontinued operations. These 138 buildings consist of 19 industrial, 116 office, and three retail properties. As a result, we classified losses, before gain on sales and impairment charges, of $536,000, $6.5 million and $10.8 million in discontinued operations for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Of these properties, 101 were sold during 2011, 19 properties were sold during 2010 and five properties were sold during 2009. The gains on disposal of these properties of $100.9 million, $33.1 million and $6.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, are also reported in discontinued operations. Discontinued operations also includes impairment charges of $27.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 recognized on properties that were subsequently sold. There are 13 properties classified as held-for-sale at December 31, 2011.
Comparison of Year Ended December 31, 2010 to Year Ended December 31, 2009
Rental and Related Revenue
The following table sets forth rental and related revenue from continuing operations by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively (in thousands):
 
2010
 
2009
Rental and Related Revenue:
 
 
 
Office
$
312,036

 
$
321,506

Industrial
289,946

 
249,555

Non-reportable segments
76,813

 
63,394

Total
$
678,795

 
$
634,455


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The primary reasons for the increase in rental revenue from continuing operations, with specific references to a particular segment when applicable, are summarized below:
We consolidated 106 industrial buildings as a result of acquiring our joint venture partner’s 50% interest in Dugan on July 1, 2010. The consolidation of these buildings resulted in an increase of $37.8 million in rental and related revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010, as compared to the same period in 2009.
Including the December 30, 2010 acquisition of the first tranche of the Premier Portfolio, we acquired or consolidated an additional 56 properties and placed 18 developments in service from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2010, which provided incremental revenues of $29.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.
We contributed 15 properties to an unconsolidated joint venture in 2009 and 2010, resulting in a $9.2 million reduction in rental and related revenue in 2010.
We sold eight properties in 2009 and 2010 that were excluded from discontinued operations as a result of continuing involvement in the properties through management agreements. These dispositions resulted in a decrease in rental and related revenue from continuing operations of $7.5 million in 2010.
Rental and related revenue includes lease termination fees, which relate to specific tenants who pay a fee to terminate their lease obligation before the end of the contractual lease term. Lease termination fees included in continuing operations decreased from $8.8 million in 2009 to $4.1 million in 2010.
Average occupancy for the year ended December 31, 2010 decreased slightly for our office properties, while increasing for our industrial properties, when compared to the year ended December 31, 2009. These changes in occupancy, as well as decreases in rental rates in certain of our 2010 lease renewals, resulted in a net decrease to rental and related revenues which partially offset the increases generated from acquisitions and developments placed in service.
Rental Expenses and Real Estate Taxes
The following table reconciles rental expenses and real estate taxes by reportable segment to our total reported amounts in the statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively (in thousands): 
 
2010
 
2009
Rental Expenses:
 
 
 
Office
$
87,741

 
$
88,173

Industrial
30,884

 
25,264

Non-reportable segments
18,723

 
17,374

Total
$
137,348

 
$
130,811

Real Estate Taxes:
 
 
 
Office
$
39,380

 
$
40,772

Industrial
43,311

 
36,014

Non-reportable segments
7,027

 
6,685

Total
$
89,718

 
$
83,471

Of the overall $6.5 million increase in rental expenses in 2010 compared to 2009, $4.3 million was attributable to the consolidation of the 106 industrial buildings that resulted from the acquisition of our partner's 50% interest in Dugan on July 1, 2010. There were also incremental costs of $6.2 million

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associated with the additional 56 properties acquired or otherwise consolidated and 18 developments placed in service. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in rental expenses of approximately $3.3 million related to 23 properties that were sold in 2009 and 2010, but did not meet the criteria for classification as discontinued operations.
Overall, real estate taxes increased by $6.2 million in 2010 compared to 2009. The primary reason for this increase is the consolidation of an additional 106 industrial buildings related to the acquisition of Dugan, which resulted in incremental real estate taxes of $7.0 million. There were also incremental costs of $3.1 million associated with the additional 56 properties acquired or otherwise consolidated and 18 developments placed in service. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in real estate taxes of approximately $2.7 million related to 23 properties that were sold in 2009 and 2010, but did not meet the criteria for classification as discontinued operations.
Service Operations
The following table sets forth the components of the Service Operations reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively (in thousands): 
 
2010
 
2009
Service Operations:
 
 
 
General contractor and service fee revenue
$
515,361

 
$
449,509

General contractor and other services expenses
(486,865
)
 
(427,666
)
Total
$
28,496

 
$
21,843

The increase in earnings from Service Operations was largely the result of an overall increase in third-party construction volume and fees.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense increased from $245.5 million in 2009 to $279.6 million in 2010 due to increases in our real estate asset base from properties acquired or consolidated and developments placed in service during 2009 and 2010. The consolidation of 106 additional industrial properties related to the July 1, 2010 acquisition of our partner’s ownership interest in Dugan resulted in $24.9 million of additional depreciation expense.
Equity in Earnings of Unconsolidated Companies
Equity in earnings decreased from $9.9 million in 2009 to $8.0 million in 2010. The decrease was largely the result of the acquisition of Dugan, which was previously accounted for under the equity method, which took place on July 1, 2010.
Gain on Sale of Properties
Gains on sales of properties classified in continuing operations increased from $12.3 million in 2009 to $39.7 million in 2010. We sold nine properties in 2009 compared to 17 properties in 2010. Because the properties sold in 2009 and 2010 either had insignificant operations prior to sale or because we maintained varying forms of continuing involvement after sale, they are not classified within discontinued operations. Seven of the properties sold in 2010, with a combined gain on sale of $31.9 million, were made to a newly formed subsidiary of an existing 20%-owned joint venture to which we sold additional properties during 2011.
Impairment Charges
Impairment charges classified in continuing operations include the impairment of undeveloped land and

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buildings, investments in unconsolidated subsidiaries and other real estate related assets. The decrease from $275.4 million in 2009 to $9.8 million in 2010 is primarily due to the following activity:
 
In 2010, we sold approximately 60 acres of land, in two separate transactions, which resulted in impairment charges of $9.8 million. These sales were opportunistic in nature and we had not identified or actively marketed this land for disposition, as it was previously intended to be held for development.
A result of the refinement of our business strategy that took place in 2009 was the decision to dispose of approximately 1,800 acres of land, which had a total cost basis of $385.3 million, rather than holding it for future development. Our change in strategy for this land triggered the requirement to conduct an impairment analysis, which resulted in a determination that a significant portion of the land, representing over 35% of the land’s carrying value, was impaired. We recognized impairment charges on land of $136.6 million in 2009, primarily as the result of writing down to fair value the land that was identified for disposition and determined to be impaired.
Also in 2009, an impairment charge of $78.1 million was recognized for 28 office, industrial and retail buildings. Nine of these properties met the criteria for discontinued operations at December 31, 2011, either as a result of being sold or classified as held-for-sale, and the $27.2 million of impairment charges related to these properties is accordingly reflected in discontinued operations. The impairment analysis was triggered either as the result of changes in management’s strategy, resulting in certain buildings being identified as non-strategic, or changes in market conditions.
We hold a 50% ownership interest in an unconsolidated entity (the “3630 Peachtree joint venture”) whose sole activity is the development and operation of the office component of a multi-use office and residential high-rise building located in the Buckhead sub-market of Atlanta. We recognized an impairment charge in 2009 to write off our $14.4 million investment in the 3630 Peachtree joint venture as the result of an other-than-temporary decline in value. As a result of the joint venture’s obligations to the lender in its construction loan agreement, the likelihood that our partner will be unable to contribute their share of the additional equity to fund the joint venture’s future capital costs, and ultimately from our contingent obligation stemming from our joint and several guarantee of the joint venture’s loan, we recorded an additional liability of $36.3 million in 2009 for our probable future obligation to the lender.
In 2009, we recognized a $5.8 million charge on our investment in an unconsolidated joint venture (the “Park Creek joint venture”).
We recognized $31.5 million of impairment charges on other real estate related assets in 2009, which related primarily to reserving loans receivable from other real estate entities, as well as writing off previously deferred development costs.
General and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses decreased from $47.9 million in 2009 to $41.3 million in 2010. This decrease resulted from a $9.6 million reduction in our total overhead costs, which was largely a result of reduced severance charges when compared to 2009. The reduction in overall overhead expenses was partially offset by a $3.3 million decrease in overhead costs absorbed by an allocation to leasing, construction and other areas, which was primarily a result of lower wholly-owned construction and development activities than in 2009.

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Interest Expense
Interest expense from continuing operations increased from $151.6 million in 2009 to $189.1 million in 2010. The increase was largely the result of a $15.4 million decrease in the capitalization of interest costs, due to properties previously undergoing significant development activities being placed in service or otherwise not meeting the criteria for the capitalization of interest. The remaining increase in interest expense was largely the result of our 2010 acquisition activity which, in addition to other uses of capital, drove higher overall borrowings in 2010.
Gain (Loss) on Debt Transactions
During 2010, through a cash tender offer and open market transactions, we repurchased certain of our outstanding series of unsecured notes scheduled to mature in 2011 and 2013. In total, we paid $292.2 million for unsecured notes that had a face value of $279.9 million. We recognized a net loss on extinguishment of $16.3 million after considering the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs, discounts and other accounting adjustments.
During 2009, we repurchased certain of our outstanding series of unsecured notes scheduled to mature in 2009 through 2011. The majority of our debt repurchases during 2009 were of our 3.75% Exchangeable Notes. In total, we paid $500.9 million for unsecured notes that had a face value of $542.9 million, recognizing a net gain on extinguishment of $27.5 million after considering the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs, discounts and other accounting adjustments. Partially offsetting these gains, we recognized $6.8 million of expense in 2009 for the write-off of fees paid for a pending secured financing that we cancelled in the third quarter of 2009.
Income Taxes
We recognized an income tax benefit of $1.1 million and $6.1 million, respectively, in 2010 and 2009.
We recorded a net valuation allowance of $7.3 million against our deferred tax assets during 2009. The valuation allowance was recorded as the result of changes to our projections for future taxable income within our taxable REIT subsidiary. The decreased projection of taxable income was the result of a revision in strategy, whereby we determined that we would indefinitely discontinue the development, within our taxable REIT subsidiary, of properties intended to be sold for a profit at or near completion, necessitating the revision of our taxable income projections.
Critical Accounting Policies
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Our estimates, judgments and assumptions are inherently subjective and based on the existing business and market conditions, and are therefore continually evaluated based upon available information and experience. Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements includes further discussion of our significant accounting policies. Our management has assessed the accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements and discussed them with our Audit Committee and independent auditors. The following accounting policies are considered critical based upon materiality to the financial statements, degree of judgment involved in estimating reported amounts and sensitivity to changes in industry and economic conditions:
Accounting for Joint Ventures: We analyze our investments in joint ventures to determine if the joint venture is a variable interest entity (a “VIE”) and would require consolidation. We (i) evaluate the sufficiency of the total equity at risk, (ii) review the voting rights and decision-making authority of the

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equity investment holders as a group, and whether there are any guaranteed returns, protection against losses, or capping of residual returns within the group and (iii) establish whether activities within the venture are on behalf of an investor with disproportionately few voting rights in making this VIE determination. We would consolidate a venture that is determined to be a VIE if we were the primary beneficiary. Beginning January 1, 2010, a new accounting standard became effective and changed the method by which the primary beneficiary of a VIE is determined to a primarily qualitative approach whereby the variable interest holder, if any, that controls a VIE’s most significant activities is the primary beneficiary. To the extent that our joint ventures do not qualify as VIEs, we further assess each partner’s substantive participating rights to determine if the venture should be consolidated.
We have equity interests in unconsolidated joint ventures that own and operate rental properties and hold land for development. To the extent applicable, we consolidate those joint ventures that are considered to be VIE’s where we are the primary beneficiary. For non-variable interest entities, we consolidate those joint ventures that we control through majority ownership interests or where we are the managing entity and our partner does not have substantive participating rights. Control is further demonstrated by the ability of the general partner to manage day-to-day operations, refinance debt and sell the assets of the joint venture without the consent of the limited partner and inability of the limited partner to replace the general partner. We use the equity method of accounting for those joint ventures where we do not have control over operating and financial policies. Under the equity method of accounting, our investment in each joint venture is included on our balance sheet; however, the assets and liabilities of the joint ventures for which we use the equity method are not included on our balance sheet.
To the extent that we contribute assets to a joint venture, our investment in the joint venture is recorded at our cost basis in the assets that were contributed to the joint venture. To the extent that our cost basis is different than the basis reflected at the joint venture level, the basis difference is amortized over the life of the related asset and included in our share of equity in earnings of the joint venture. We recognize gains on the contribution or sale of real estate to joint ventures, relating solely to the outside partner’s interest, to the extent the economic substance of the transaction is a sale.
Cost Capitalization: Direct and certain indirect costs, including interest, clearly associated with the development, construction, leasing or expansion of real estate investments are capitalized as a cost of the property.
We capitalize interest and direct and indirect project costs associated with the initial construction of a property up to the time the property is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. We believe the completion of the building shell is the proper basis for determining substantial completion. The interest rate used to capitalize interest is based upon our average borrowing rate on existing debt.
We also capitalize direct and indirect costs, including interest costs, on vacant space during extended lease-up periods after construction of the building shell has been completed if costs are being incurred to ready the vacant space for its intended use. If costs and activities incurred to ready the vacant space cease, then cost capitalization is also discontinued until such activities are resumed. Once necessary work has been completed on a vacant space, project costs are no longer capitalized. We cease capitalization of all project costs on extended lease-up periods after the shorter of a one-year period after the completion of the building shell or when the property attains 90% occupancy. In addition, all leasing commissions paid to third parties for new leases or lease renewals are capitalized.
In assessing the amount of indirect costs to be capitalized, we first allocate payroll costs, on a department-by-department basis, among activities for which capitalization is warranted (i.e., construction, development and leasing) and those for which capitalization is not warranted (i.e., property management, maintenance, acquisitions and dispositions and general corporate functions). To the extent the employees

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of a department split their time between capitalizable and non-capitalizable activities, the allocations are made based on estimates of the actual amount of time spent in each activity. Once the payroll costs are allocated, the non-payroll costs of each department are allocated among the capitalizable and non-capitalizable activities in the same proportion as payroll costs.
To ensure that an appropriate amount of costs are capitalized, the amount of capitalized costs that are allocated to a specific project are limited to amounts using standards we developed. These standards consist of a percentage of the total development costs of a project and a percentage of the total gross lease amount payable under a specific lease. These standards are derived after considering the amounts that would be allocated if the personnel in the departments were working at full capacity. The use of these standards ensures that overhead costs attributable to downtime or to unsuccessful projects or leasing activities are not capitalized.
Impairment of Real Estate Assets: We evaluate our real estate assets, with the exception of those that are classified as held-for-sale, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If such an evaluation is considered necessary, we compare the carrying amount of that real estate asset, or asset group, with the expected undiscounted cash flows that are directly associated with, and that are expected to arise as a direct result of, the use and eventual disposition of that asset, or asset group. Our estimate of the expected future cash flows used in testing for impairment is based on, among other things, our estimates regarding future market conditions, rental rates, occupancy levels, costs of tenant improvements, leasing commissions and other tenant concessions, assumptions regarding the residual value of our properties at the end of our anticipated holding period and the length of our anticipated holding period and is, therefore, subjective by nature. These assumptions could differ materially from actual results. If our strategy changes or if market conditions otherwise dictate a reduction in the holding period and an earlier sale date, an impairment loss could be recognized and such loss could be material. To the extent the carrying amount of a real estate asset, or asset group, exceeds the associated estimate of undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recorded to reduce the carrying value of the asset to its fair value.
The determination of the fair value of real estate assets is also highly subjective, especially in markets where there is a lack of recent comparable transactions. We primarily utilize the income approach to estimate the fair value of our income producing real estate assets. To the extent that the assumptions used in testing long-lived assets for impairment differ from those of a marketplace participant, the assumptions are modified in order to estimate the fair value of a real estate asset when an impairment charge is measured. In addition to determining future cash flows, which make the estimation of a real estate asset’s undiscounted cash flows highly subjective, the selection of the discount rate and exit capitalization rate used in applying the income approach is also highly subjective.
To the extent applicable marketplace data is available, we generally use the market approach in estimating the fair value of undeveloped land that is determined to be impaired.
Real estate assets that are classified as held-for-sale are reported at the lower of their carrying value or their fair value, less estimated costs to sell.
Acquisition of Real Estate Property and Related Assets: We allocate the purchase price of acquired properties to net tangible and identified intangible assets based on their respective fair values. We record assets acquired in step acquisitions at their full fair value and record a gain or loss for the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of our existing equity interest. Additionally, contingencies arising from a business combination are recorded at fair value if the acquisition date fair value can be determined during the measurement period.

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The allocation to tangible assets (buildings, tenant improvements and land) is based upon management’s determination of the value of the property as if it were vacant using discounted cash flow models similar to those used by independent appraisers. Factors considered by management include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. The purchase price of real estate assets is also allocated among three categories of intangible assets consisting of the above or below market component of in-place leases, the value of in-place leases and the value of customer relationships.
 
The value allocable to the above or below market component of an acquired in-place lease is determined based upon the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the lease) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the lease over its remaining term and (ii) management’s estimate of the amounts that would be paid using current fair market rates over the remaining term of the lease. The amounts allocated to above market leases are included in deferred leasing and other costs in the balance sheet and below market leases are included in other liabilities in the balance sheet; both are amortized to rental income over the remaining terms of the respective leases.
The total amount of intangible assets is further allocated to in-place lease values and to customer relationship values, based upon management’s assessment of their respective values. These intangible assets are included in deferred leasing and other costs in the balance sheet and are amortized over the remaining term of the existing lease, or the anticipated life of the customer relationship, as applicable.
Valuation of Receivables: We are subject to tenant defaults and bankruptcies that could affect the collection of rent due under leases or of outstanding receivables. In order to mitigate these risks, we perform credit reviews and analyses on major existing tenants and prospective tenants before leases are executed. We have established the following procedures and policies to evaluate the collectability of outstanding receivables and record allowances:
 
We maintain a tenant “watch list” containing a list of significant tenants for which the payment of receivables and future rent may be at risk. Various factors such as late rent payments, lease or debt instrument defaults, and indications of a deteriorating financial position are considered when determining whether to include a tenant on the watch list.

As a matter of policy, we reserve the entire receivable balance, including straight-line rent, of any tenant with an amount outstanding over 90 days.

Straight-line rent receivables for any tenant on the watch list or any other tenant identified as a potential long-term risk, regardless of the status of current rent receivables, are reviewed and reserved as necessary.
Construction Contracts: We recognize income on construction contracts where we serve as a general contractor on the percentage of completion method. Using this method, profits are recorded on the basis of our estimates of the overall profit and percentage of completion of individual contracts. A portion of the estimated profits is accrued based upon our estimates of the percentage of completion of the construction contract. To the extent that a fixed-price contract is estimated to result in a loss, the loss is recorded immediately. Cumulative revenues recognized may be less or greater than cumulative costs and profits billed at any point in time during a contract’s term. This revenue recognition method involves inherent risks relating to profit and cost estimates with those risks reduced through approval and monitoring processes.

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With regard to critical accounting policies, management has discussed the following with the Audit Committee: 
Criteria for identifying and selecting our critical accounting policies;
Methodology in applying our critical accounting policies; and
Impact of the critical accounting policies on our financial statements.
The Audit Committee has reviewed the critical accounting policies identified by m