Filed by Bowne Pure Compliance
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 6-K
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER TO RULE 13A or 15D-16
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the Month of: January, 2008
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File No.: 000-13727 |
PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP.
(Translation of Registrants Name into English)
Suite 1500, 625 Howe Street Vancouver British Columbia, Canada V6C 2T6
(Address of Principal Executive Office)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of
Form
20F or Form 40F:
Form 20F o Form 40F þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)
(1). Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)
(7). Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form
is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes o No þ
If Yes is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with
rule 12g-3-2(b): 82 -
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Submitted herewith:
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Form 43-101 Technical Report for the Quiruvilca Property. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
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PAN AMERICAN SILVER CORP. |
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Date: January 30, 2008
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Robert Pirooz |
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General Counsel
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TECHNICAL REPORT
FOR THE
QUIRUVILCA PROPERTY
LA LIBERTAD, PERU
EFFECTIVE: JULY 31, 2007
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PREPARED BY:
MARTIN WAFFORN, P.ENG
MICHAEL STEINMANN, P.GEO |
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Table of Contents
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1. TITLE PAGE |
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7 |
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2. TABLE OF CONTENTS |
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8 |
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3. SUMMARY |
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3.1 Background |
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3.2 Property Ownership, Location and Description |
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9 |
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3.3 Geology and Mineralization |
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9 |
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3.4 Exploration and Development |
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10 |
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3.5 Mineral Resource And Reserves Estimates as
at July 31, 2007 |
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10 |
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3.6 Mining Operations |
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12 |
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3.7 Authors Conclusions |
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13 |
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3.8 Authors Recommendations |
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14 |
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4. INTRODUCTION |
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15 |
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5. RELIANCE ON OTHER EXPERTS |
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17 |
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6. PROPERTY DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION |
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18 |
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6.1 Property Description |
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18 |
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6.2 Mineral Tenure |
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18 |
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6.3 Property Ownership |
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27 |
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6.4 Agreements |
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27 |
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6.5 Permits |
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28 |
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6.6 Liabilities |
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28 |
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7. ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY |
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29 |
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7.1 Accessibility |
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29 |
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7.2 Climate And Physiography |
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29 |
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7.3 Local Resources and Infrastructure |
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30 |
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7.3.1 Manpower |
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7.3.2 Infastructure |
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30 |
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7.3.3 Water Supply |
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31 |
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8. HISTORY |
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32 |
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8.1 Discovery |
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32 |
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8.2 ASARCO Incorporated |
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32 |
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8.3 Pan American Silver |
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8.3.1 Pan American Acquisition of Quiruvilca Mine |
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32 |
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9. GEOLOGY |
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34 |
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9.1 Regional Geology |
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34 |
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9.2 Local Geology |
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35 |
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10. DEPOSIT TYPES |
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36 |
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11. MINERALIZATION |
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37 |
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11.1 Mineral Zoning |
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38 |
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11.2 Characterization Of Major Veins |
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39 |
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12. EXPLORATION |
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41 |
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13. DRILLING |
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43 |
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14. SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH |
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48 |
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14.1 Introduction |
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48 |
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14.2 Sampling Procedures |
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14.2.1 Drill Core Samples |
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14.2.2 Channel Samples |
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14.2.3 Numbering System |
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50 |
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15. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSES AND SECURITY |
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51 |
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16. DATA VERIFICATION |
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55 |
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17. ADJACENT PROPERTIES |
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56 |
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18. MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING |
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57 |
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18.1 Plant Improvement Projects |
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18.1.1 Grinding Circuit |
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18.1.2 Bulk Flotation Circuit |
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18.1.3 Zinc Flotation Circuit |
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18.1.4 Authors Comments |
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58 |
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19. MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES |
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60 |
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19.1 Compositing |
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61 |
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19.2 Defining Lithology and Specific Gravity |
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61 |
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19.3 Dilution |
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62 |
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19.4 Grade Model |
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19.4.1 Assigning Values to a Geo-Block |
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19.4.2 Determination of the VPT of a Geo-Block |
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64 |
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19.5 Model Validation |
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64 |
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19.6 Mineral Resource and Reserve Statement |
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64 |
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20. OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION |
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67 |
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21. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS |
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68 |
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22. RECOMMENDATIONS |
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69 |
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23. REFERENCES |
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70 |
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24. ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TECHNICAL REPORTS ON DEVELOPMENT PROPERTIES AND PRODUCTION
PROPERTIES |
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71 |
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24.1 Mining |
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24.1.1 Mine Layout |
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24.1.2 Mining Method |
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24.1.3 External Dumps |
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75 |
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24.2 Milling |
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24.2.1 Crushing |
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24.2.2 Grinding and Classification |
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24.2.3 Flotation |
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24.2.4 Thickening and Filtering |
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24.2.5 Reagents Used in the Plant |
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24.3 Metal Recovery |
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24.4 Mine Water Management |
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81 |
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24.5 Tailings Management |
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81 |
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24.6 Marketing |
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24.7 Contracts |
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24.7.1 Sales Contracts |
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24.7.2 Other Contracts |
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24.8 Taxes |
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24.8.1 Fiscal Depreciation Rates |
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24.8.2 Income Tax and Workers Participation |
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24.8.3 Value Added Taxes |
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24.8.4 Government Mining Roaylties |
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24.8.5 Voluntary Contributions |
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85 |
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24.9 Capital and Operating Costs |
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86 |
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24.9.1 Capital Expenditures |
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86 |
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24.9.2 Operating Costs |
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87 |
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24.10 Environmental ConsiderationsMonitoring Program and Inspections |
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24.10.1 Closure |
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89 |
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24.11 Economic Analysis |
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24.11.1 Metal Price Sensitivity |
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24.11.2 Grade Sensitivity |
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24.11.3 Capital Cost Sensitivity |
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24.11.4 Operating Cost Sensitivity |
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24.12 Mine Life |
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94 |
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25. DATE AND SIGNATURE PAGE |
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95 |
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26. ILLUSTRATIONS |
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96 |
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4
List of Tables
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Table 3-1: Quiruvilca Mineral Reserves |
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Table 3-2: Quiruvilca Mineral Resources |
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Table 4-1: References |
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Table 6-1: List of mining concessions held by PASQ with respect to the Quiruvilca Mine |
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Table 6-2: List of mining concessions held by PASQ reviewed (the Mining Properties) |
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Table 8-1: Production history since 1990 at the Quiruvilca Mine |
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Table 12-1:
Historical diamond drilling for exploration and delineation at Quiruvilca |
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Table 13-1: of drill-hole locations and survey from 2006 exploration program of Elisa vein |
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Table 13-2: Summary of Elisa Vein drill results from surface drill hole of 2006 exploration |
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Table 13-3: Summary of drill results from underground drill holes of 2006 exploration of Elisa vein |
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Table 15-1: Values of the Certified Standard |
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Table 15-2: Monthly Average of Assay Results on Standard Samples |
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Table 18-1: Life of Mine Head Grade Projections |
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Table 18-2: Life of Mine Recovery Projections |
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Table 18-3: Life of Mine Concentrate Projections |
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Table 19-1: Example Calculation of VPT for a Block |
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Table 19-2: Quiruvilca Mineral Reserves |
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Table 19-3: Quiruvilca Mineral Resources |
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Table 24-1: Typical reagent consumption rates |
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Table 24-2: Metallurgical balance for 2007 to the end of August |
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Table 24-3: Historical metal recovery of milling facilities |
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Table 24-4: Concentrate Revenues 2006 |
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Table 24-5: Concentrate Revenues 2005 |
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Table 24-6: Summary of Concentrate Sales Contracts |
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Table 24-7: Life of Mine projected capital expenditures |
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Table 24-8: Accounting summary of 2007 operating cost to the end of August |
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Table 24-9: Operating cost estimates for Life of Mine Plan |
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Table 24-10: Summary of ARO costs for mine closure plan |
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Table 24-11: Economic Model |
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Table 24-12: Metal Price Sensitivity |
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Table 24-13: Metal Grade Sensitivity |
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Table 24-14: Capital Cost Sensitivity |
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Table 24-15: Operating Cost Sensitivity |
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List of Figures |
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Figure 6-1A: Location of Quiruvilca Mine in Peru |
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Figure 6-1B: Location of Quiruvilca |
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Figure 6-2: Quiruvilca Mine Property Layout |
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Figure 6-3: Mineralized Structures |
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Figure 6-4A: Mine Workings Level 3870 |
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Figure 6-4B: Mine Workings Level 3800 |
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Figure 6-4C: Mine Workings Level 3720 |
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Figure 6-4D: Mine Workings Level 50 |
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Figure 6-4E: Mine Workings Level 100 |
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Figure 6-4F: Mine Workings Level 160 |
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Figure 6-4G: Mine Workings Level 220 |
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Figure 6-5: Quiruvilca Mining Concessions |
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Figure 6-6: Quiruvilca Mine Surface Rights |
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Figure 9-1: Regional Geology |
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Figure 9-2: Regional Mineralization Bands |
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Figure 9-3: Local Geological Sections |
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Figure 9-4: Structural Deformation |
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Figure 9-5: Stratigraphic Section |
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Figure 11-1: Localized Mineral Zones |
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Figure 11-2: Paragenisis Picture |
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Figure 11-3: General Mine Scheme |
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Figure 13-1: Location of Elisa Exploration Program |
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Figure 13-2A: Elisa Explorations Drill-Hole Section QV-0060-U-06 |
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Figure 13-2B: Elisa Explorations Drill-Hole Section QV-0068-U-06 |
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Figure 13-2C: Elisa Explorations Drill-Hole Section QV-0070-U-06 |
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Figure 13-2D: Elisa Explorations Drill-Hole Section QV-0072-U-06 |
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Figure 13-2E: Elisa Explorations Drill-Hole Section QV-0080-U-06 |
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Figure 13-2F: Elisa Explorations Drill-Hole Section QV-0082-U-06 |
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Figure 13-2G: Elisa Explorations Drill-Hole Section QV-0001-S-06 & QV-0002-S-06 |
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Figure 13-2H: Elisa Explorations Drill-Hole Section QV-0005-S-06 & QV-0006-S-06 |
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Graphs 15-1A: Assay Results of Inserted Blanks Silver |
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Graphs 15-1B: Assay Results of Inserted Blanks Copper |
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Graphs 15-1C: Assay Results of Inserted Blanks Lead |
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Graphs 15-1D: Assay Results of Inserted Blanks Zinc |
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Graphs 15-2A: Assay Results of Standard Samples Silver |
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Graphs 15-2B: Assay Results of Standard Samples Copper |
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Graphs 15-2C: Assay Results of Standard Samples Lead |
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Graphs 15-2D: Assay Results of Standard Samples Zinc |
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Graphs 15-3A: Scatter Plot of Shorey Assays Compared to ALS Chemex Assays Silver |
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Graphs 15-3B: Scatter Plot of Shorey Assays Compared to ALS Chemex Assays Copper |
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Graphs 15-3C: Scatter Plot of Shorey Assays Compared to ALS Chemex Assays Lead |
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Graphs 15-3D: Scatter Plot of Shorey Assays Compared to ALS Chemex Assays Zinc |
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Graphs 15-4A: Thompson Howard Graphs Silver |
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Graphs 15-4B: Thompson Howard Graphs Copper |
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Graphs 15-4C: Thompson Howard Graphs Lead |
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Graphs 15-4D: Thompson Howard Graphs Zinc |
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Figure 18-1: Value Chain for Process Improvement |
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Figure 25-1: Mining Areas |
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Figure 25-2: Level 220-Main Haulage |
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Figure 25-3: Level 340-Mine Deepening |
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Figure 25-4: Level 400-Mine Deepening |
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Figure 25-5: Mining Method-Overhand Stoping |
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Figure 25-6: Mining Method-Breasting |
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Figure 25-7: Plant Flowsheet |
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6
1. Title Page
This Technical Report has been prepared in accordance with the National Instrument 43-101 -
Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101) and the contents herein are organized
and in compliance with Form 43-101F1 Contents of the Technical Report (Form 43-101 F1). The
first two items are the Title Page and the Table of Contents presented previously in this report.
They are mentioned here simply to maintain the specific report outline numbering required in Form
43-101F1.
7
2. Table of Contents
See discussion in Section 1
8
3. Summary
3.1 Background
Pan American Silver Corp. (PAS) prepared this Technical Report in support of its disclosure of
mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates as of July 31, 2007, as required under Section 4.2
of NI 43-101.
Mr. Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., Vice President of Mine Engineering of PAS, and Dr. Michael Steinmann,
P.Geo., Senior Vice President of Exploration and Geology of PAS, are authors of this Technical
Report. Each of Mr. Wafforn and Dr. Steinmann is a Qualified Person as that term is defined in NI
43-101.
3.2 Property Ownership, Location and Description
The Quiruvilca Mine is owned and operated by Pan American Silver S.A. Mina Quiruvilca (PASQ), a
company in which PAS, indirectly through its subsidiaries, owns 100% of the outstanding voting
shares and 99.93% of the total outstanding equity. Pan American Silver S.A.C. Mina Quiruvilca and
Cia Minera Huaron merged to form PASQ effective January 2006.
The Quiruvilca Mine is located at latitude 8°1south and longitude 78°21 west in the province of
Santiago de Chuco, one of twelve provinces that make up the La Libertad Region in northwest Peru.
The property is in the Andes mountain range at elevations ranging from 3,450 to 4,075m above sea
level. The nearest major center is Trujillo, 76km west of the mine. Trujillo is the third largest
city in Peru with a population of ~650,000 (according to a 2005 census) and is the economic center
of northern Peru, acting as the central hub for agriculture. Trujillo also provides access to
Salaverry, a large port, and is connected to Lima, the capital of Peru, via highways and daily
flights.
The property consists of 140 concessions that span 3,565.6 ha of land. Mining is by underground
methods and current developments extend over an area of 1,200 ha to a depth of 400 m. All of the
concessions include the rights for mining, water and surface usage. All mining property
concessions of the Quiruvilca Mine are registered in the name of PASQ, except 0.2 ha which are
registered under the name of Corporacion Minera Nor Peru S.A (which was acquired by PAS). PASQ is
responsible for paying the annual mining tenure tax. These payments were up to date as of July
31, 2007.
3.3 Geology and Mineralization
The Quiruvilca Mine is located on the west side of the Western Cordillera within the eastern edge
of a major sequence of volcanic rocks, interpreted as part of the Calipuy Volcanic Formation of
Mid-Miocene age. This volcanic formation, with a thickness of about 2,000 m, consists of andesite
flows and flow breccias inter-layered with thin basalt flows and occasional tuffaceous lacustrine
sediments.
The mineralization at Quiruvilca is contained in a series of narrow veins filling fractures and
faults. Over 130 veins have been identified in the mine area. Although narrow, the veins at
Quiruvilca tend to have an extensive lateral and vertical continuity with abundant splits, cymoid
loops, pinch and swell structures. In some places, the veins show some thick ore shoots connected
to thinner sub-economic to non-economic zones. The width varies from small stringers up to two
metre wide veins.
9
The mineralization exhibits strong metal zoning. The central copper zone, some 700 metres by
2,800 metres in area, consists of predominately enargite-pyrite, with lesser chalcopyrite,
tennantite, tetrahedrite, sphalerite and galena (the Enargite Zone). The Enargite Zone is
surrounded by a relatively narrow transition zone of tennantite, tetrahedrite, sphalerite and
galena (the Transition Zone). The Transition Zone is in turn surrounded by a zinc-lead zone of
predominantly sphalerite and galena, which extends some 500 metres beyond the Transition Zone (the
Zinc-Lead Zone). In recent years a majority of the production has come from the Zinc-Lead Zone.
An outer zone consists of stibnite, arsenopyrite and pyrite.
3.4 Exploration and Development
Exploration at the Quiruvilca property is conducted using a combination of diamond drilling and
underground drifting. Two to three diamond drills are in continuous operation at the property,
drilling holes between 50 m and 350 m in length. As at the end of September 2007, the Quiruvilca
Mine drill hole database contains 1,327 drill holes equalling 172,455 m, dating back to 1926.
Channel samples are an important part of mine development, mineral resource estimates and
production quality control. For stope sampling a channel sample is collected every 3 metres along
strike, and for sublevels every 2 metres. Vertical development on veins are channel sampled in 1
metre intervals. As of July 31, 2007, the database contained 134,487 records of channel samples.
Quiruvilcas primary exploration objective is to extend known veins along their strike and depth
extension as they have excellent potential to increase resources. There is also high potential of
finding additional splits and sigmoidal loops branching off these veins. Exploration of resources
at depth has led to the Mine Deepening Project. This project is focused on the exploitation of the
Luz Angelica and Zoila Gata veins at and below the 400 level and is near production. Additional
exploration done in 2006 confirmed the extension of the Elisa vein, including the Jose Godoy,
Chimborazo, Jose Godoy Split, and Recuperada veins on the northwest portion of the property.
3.5 Mineral Resource And Reserves Estimates as at July 31, 2007
The mineral reserve estimate for Quiruvilca (Table 3-1) as at July 31, 2007 was prepared by, or
under the supervision of Dr. Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., Senior Vice President Geology &
Exploration, and Mr Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., Vice President Mine Engineering of PAS, who are both
Qualified Persons (QPs) as the term is defined in NI 43-101. This mineral reserve estimate was
calculated using a price of $9.00 per ounce of silver, $5,000 per tonne of copper, $1,000 per tonne
of lead, and $2,100 per tonne of zinc.
Table 3-1: Quiruvilca Mineral Reserves
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserve |
|
|
|
|
|
Silver |
|
|
Ag Content |
|
|
Gold |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Category |
|
Tonnes |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
(ounces) |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
% Copper |
|
|
% Lead |
|
|
% Zinc |
|
Proven |
|
|
988,075 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
5,350,351 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.64 |
|
|
|
1.12 |
|
|
|
3.41 |
|
Probable |
|
|
492,093 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
2,402,414 |
|
|
|
0.47 |
|
|
|
0.76 |
|
|
|
1.21 |
|
|
|
4.05 |
|
Total |
|
|
1,480,168 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
7,752,766 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
1.15 |
|
|
|
3.62 |
|
Notes:
|
|
PASs share is 100% of the total mineral reserves. |
10
|
|
Quiruvilcas mineral reserves have been estimated on the basis of blocks exposed by
underground workings on one or more sides and having an in-place diluted value equal to or
above the cut-off grade of $27/tonne. Proven and probable mineral reserves are extrapolated
between 15 and 30 metres down dip depending on vein continuity. |
|
|
The geological model employed for Quiruvilca involves geological interpretations on
sections and plans derived from core drill hole information and channel sampling. |
|
|
Mineral reserves have been estimated using the OHara dilution formula, which typically
adds 20% to 50% dilution at zero grade depending on dip angle and vein width. |
|
|
Mineral reserves have been estimated using a mining recovery of 90% with a further 5%
subtracted for other mining losses. |
|
|
The mining and processing rate is currently 1,150 tonnes per day. |
|
|
Mineral reserves for the principal structures have been estimated with a 3 dimensional
block model using Datamine software. Mineral reserves for minor structures have been
estimated using polygonal methods on longitudinal sections. |
|
|
Environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio economic, political, marketing or
other issues are not expected to materially affect the above estimate of mineral reserves. |
The measured, indicated and inferred mineral resources at the Quiruvilca Mine as at July 31, 2007
are estimated to be as shown in Table 3-2. This mineral resource estimate was calculated using a
price of $9.00 per ounce of silver, $5,000 per tonne of copper, $1,000 per tonne of lead, and
$2,100 per tonne of zinc, and was prepared under the supervision of and reviewed by Mr. Martin
Wafforn, P. Eng. Vice President of Mine Engineering of PAS and Dr. Michael Steinmann, P. Geo.
Senior Vice President of Exploration and Geology of PAS. Each of Mr. Wafforn and Dr. Steinmann is
a Qualified Person as that term is defined in NI 43-101.
11
Table 3-2: Quiruvilca Mineral Resources
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resource |
|
|
|
|
|
Silver |
|
|
Ag Content |
|
|
Gold |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Category |
|
Tonnes |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
(ounces) |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
% Copper |
|
|
% Lead |
|
|
% Zinc |
|
Measured |
|
|
4,239,427 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
18,271,750 |
|
|
|
0.59 |
|
|
|
1.15 |
|
|
|
0.85 |
|
|
|
2.28 |
|
Indicated |
|
|
1,018,488 |
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
5,739,868 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
|
|
0.73 |
|
|
|
1.29 |
|
|
|
3.72 |
|
Total M&I |
|
|
5,257,915 |
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
24,011,618 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
0.93 |
|
|
|
2.56 |
|
Inferred |
|
|
2,588,320 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
12,079,263 |
|
|
|
0.97 |
|
|
|
0.46 |
|
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
3.63 |
|
Notes:
|
|
PAS reports mineral resources and mineral reserves separately. Reported mineral resources
do not include amounts identified as mineral reserves. |
|
|
PASs share is 100% of the total mineral resources. |
|
|
The geological model employed for Quiruvilca involves geological interpretations on
sections and plans derived from core drill-hole information and channel sampling. |
|
|
The mining and processing rate is currently 1,150 tonnes per day. |
|
|
Mineral resources for the principal structures are estimated with a 3 dimensional block
model using Datamine software. Mineral resources for minor structures are estimated using
polygonal methods on longitudinal sections. |
|
|
Environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio economic, political, marketing or
other issues are not expected to materially affect the above estimate of mineral resources. |
|
|
Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. |
The mineral resource estimate involved statistical and geostatistical interpolation. Composites and
3-dimensional models were constructed utilizing Data Mine®, commercial mine modeling software.
Interpolations were done for silver, lead, zinc, and copper grades using the ordinary kriging
(OK) estimation method, based on variographic analysis performed on 14 representative veins.
Other veins that were not possible to associate were interpolated by inverse distance to the third
power. The blocks have been classified as measured, indicated or inferred based on the radius of
the search ellipse compared to the variographic range.
3.6 Mining Operations
The current life of mine (LOM) plan comprises a continuation of the current Cut and Fill Mining
methods for the narrow vein deposits that have been mined at Quiruvilca Mine since the early
1900s. Overhand Cut and Fill mining methods are employed within Quiruvilca. Typically, nearby
vertical blast holes are drilled from the hydraulic backfill in the stopes. Breasting (horizontal
blast holes) is a less productive method that is utilized in areas of more difficult ground
conditions where more control of the rock mass is required.
The Quiruvilca Mine extends over an area that is four kilometres east/west by three kilometres
north/south and from an elevation of 4,050 m at the top of the mountain down to the 400 level
(elevation 3,468 m). Access to the mine is from four adits driven into the side of the mountain at
elevations ranging from 3,648 m to 3,870 m.
Battery locomotives are used to haul ore and waste in trains from the stopes and development
headings to ore and waste passes. Ore from the upper levels of the mine is delivered to ore
passes, which transfer it to the 220 main haulage level. Trolley locomotives with mine cars are
used to transport ore from the ore passes on the 220 level to coarse ore bins at the crushing plant
outside of the mine portal.
12
A 590 m long, 76 cm wide inclined conveyor belt is used to transport ore and waste from below the
220 level to a surface bin at the 220 level. The conveyor belt has a capacity of 150 tonnes per
hour. The mine
completed the extension of this conveyor belt down to the 340 level in August of 2005. Ore from
the 400 level will be transported up to the 340 level in order to utilize the conveyor belt for
haulage to surface. Ore from the 400 level Luz Angelica vein system will be trucked up a ramp, and
ore from the Zoila Gata vein system will be hoisted via an inclined shaft. The haulage and access
systems for the 400 level were started in 2006. The ramp system for the Luz Angelica vein is now
completed and is in use. The ramp to the Zoila Gata vein is completed and is in use for vein
development on the 400 level. The excavation works for the inclined shaft and associated
infrastructure are almost complete and the mine is currently working on the civil, mechanical and
electrical systems required for completion. The inclined shaft is projected to be completed by the
end of 2007.
The processing plant (known as the Shorey mill) is operating at approximately 50% of its rated
capacity. In 2006 daily throughput was 1,287 tonnes operating 24 hours per day, six days a week,
and the current daily throughput in 2007 is 1,150 tonnes. The LOM plan is based on providing 1,050
tonnes per day (TPD) of ore to the mill and ramp down to 775 TPD by 2011. The LOM plan does not
include mining of any inferred mineral resources. Processing consists of crushing, grinding and
selective flotation. Actual average recoveries for the period from January 2007 to July 2007 were
83.26% for silver, 73.89% for copper, 81.26% for lead, and 81.77% for zinc.
3.7 Authors Conclusions
Mr. Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., Vice President of Mine Engineering of PAS and Dr. Michael Steinmann,
P.Geo., Senior Vice President of Exploration and Geology of PAS, both Qualified Persons, reviewed
pertinent data from the Quiruvilca Mine regarding exploration data and methods, mineral resource
and reserve estimates, metallurgy, and process performance. They determined that the estimates of
mineral resources and mineral reserves as of July 31, 2007 are in accordance with NI 43-101, and as
set forth in the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleums CIM Definition Standards
for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves adopted by CIM Council on December 11, 2005 (the CIM
Definition Standards). The authors of this Technical Report generally conclude:
|
(1) |
|
The geology and mineralization of a large polymetallic system with over 130 different
veins on the mine property is well understood. Geological models appropriate to guide
mineral resource estimates have been developed in a professional manner. |
|
|
(2) |
|
Exploration drilling, sampling, sample preparation, assaying, density measurements
and drill-hole surveys have generally been carried out in accordance with industry
standard practices and are suitable to support mineral resource estimates. |
|
|
(3) |
|
Mineral exploration and drilling programs are well-planned and executed and supply
sufficient information for mineral resource estimates and mineral resource classification. |
|
|
(4) |
|
Sampling and assaying includes a QA/QC program, supervised by the geology department
that includes external check samples and the routine submission of standards. For each
batch of twenty, at least one internal duplicate and one internal standard is added. The
responsible geologist will add one standard for every twenty samples and one duplicate for
every fifty samples. Duplicate samples of diamond drill cores samples come from the
remaining half core split to a quarter core. For channel samples, a duplicate is obtained
by collecting a sample of
equal weight from the same sampling location. The Quiruvilca Mine is currently contracting
ALS Chemex, Lima to act as their external secondary lab. |
13
|
(5) |
|
The Quiruvilca deposit mineral resource model was developed using industry accepted
methods. The authors of this Technical Report validated the mineral resource estimate and
found it to be acceptable in both tonnage and grade. |
|
|
(6) |
|
Mine designs have been developed using industry standard practices and appropriate
design criteria. Proven and probable mineral reserves were developed from measured and
indicated resources with appropriate application of cost and design criteria. Mining
methods, metallurgical performance and operating costs are well-established from a long
history of production at the Quiruvilca Mine. |
|
|
(7) |
|
Mineral resources are classified as measured, indicated and inferred mineral
resources. Mineral resource classification criteria are appropriate in terms of the
confidence in grade estimates and geological continuity and meet the requirements of NI
43-101 and the CIM Definition Standards. |
|
|
(8) |
|
The economic analysis calculates the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project to be
$-5.08 million at a 10% discount rate and $-3.16 million at a 15% discount rate. The
undiscounted after tax cash flow is $-11.97 million. The NPV calculation included the
closure costs of the Quiruvilca Mine, which will be incurred regardless of continued
operations. Without the closure cost included, the undiscounted NPV is calculated to be
$7.08 million. The average Quiruvilca Mine unit total operating costs is projected to be
$63.48 during 2008 to 2011. |
|
|
(9) |
|
The life of mine plan presented in this Technical Report is based solely on proven
and probable mineral reserves. The life of mine plan extends until 2011. |
3.8 Authors Recommendations
The authors of this Technical Report recommend execution of the LOM Plan and Schedule at the
Quiruvilca Mine operation.
14
4. Introduction
Pan American Silver Corporation, the parent company of Pan American Silver S.A Mina Quiruvilca,
asked its qualified senior personnel to review mineral resource and reserve estimates for the
silver-copper-lead-zinc deposit at the Quiruvilca Mine in Peru, and to prepare a Technical Report
to support its disclosure of mineral reserve and mineral resource estimates as of July 31, 2007, as
required under section 4.2 of NI 43-101. This Technical Report has been prepared in accordance
with NI 43-101 and the format and contents of this report conform to Form 43-101 F1.
Mr. Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., PAS Vice President of Mine Engineering, serves as the Qualified Person
with respect to the mineral reserve statements described herein and sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
8, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 and for all figures, tables, and graphs within those
sections, contained in this Technical Report. Mr. Wafforn last visited the Quiruvilca Mine site
from September 17th to September 19th, 2007.
Dr. Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., PAS Senior Vice President of Exploration and Geology, serves as the
Qualified Person with respect to the mineral resource statements described herein and sections
1,2,3,4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23 and 24 and for figures, tables, and
graphs contained in sections 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 19 contained in this Technical Report.
Dr. Steinmann last visited the Quiruvilca Mine site from September 17th to September
19th, 2007.
Mr. Elmer Ildefonso, a consulting mining engineer to PAS, performed the mineral resource evaluation
and modeling under the direct supervision of Dr. Steinmann.
Information and data for the preparation of the report were obtained from the Quiruvilca Mine
operations personnel during site visits carried out between September 17th and September
19th, 2007 and were checked for accuracy by the authors of this Technical Report.
15
Sources of information and data contained in this Technical Report or used in its preparation are
shown in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1: References
|
|
|
Sources Of Information |
|
Used In Section |
Mr. Martin Wafforn, P.Eng. |
|
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 |
|
|
|
Dr. Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., |
|
1,2,3,4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 |
|
|
|
Mr. Elmer Ildefonso (consultant) |
|
19 |
|
|
|
Ignacio Couturier |
|
24 |
|
|
|
Rodrigo, Elias & Medrano (legal) |
|
6.2 |
|
|
|
SVS Ingenieros S.A (consultant) |
|
25.5, 25.9 |
Notes:
|
|
PAS retained Estudios Mineros, an Engineering company based in Lima, Peru, to compile the
land map, mining concessions and surface rights presented in this Technical Report. |
|
|
PAS retained the Peruvian law firm of Rodrigo, Elias & Medrano to review the public
register in Peru to ensure that the mining concessions and surface rights reported are held by
PASQ. |
|
|
The authors have reviewed the information contained in these documents and included in this
Technical Report and determined in their professional judgment that such information is sound
and confirm and approve of such information. |
|
|
All tonnages stated in this Technical Report are dry metric tonnes (dmt) unless otherwise
specified. Ounces pertaining to silver metal content are expressed in troy ounces. All dollar
values stated in this report are U.S. dollars. |
|
|
The authors of this Technical Report are responsible for all information in this Technical
Report that was not prepared by a Qualified Person, other than otherwise set out in Section
5, Reliance on Experts. |
16
5. Reliance on Other Experts
Mr. Martin Wafforn and Dr. Michael Steinmann, as authors of this Technical Report, have relied upon
the references, opinions and statements contained within the references listed in Section 23. These
reports, documents, and statements were found to be generally well organized and presented, and
where applicable, the conclusions reached are judged reasonable.
It is assumed that technically qualified and competent persons prepared these reports and
documents. It is the authors opinion that the materials referenced above are prepared and
presented according to mining and engineering industry standards. The co-authors conclude that the
contents are reasonably organized and presented and the conclusions reached are prudent.
The authors have relied upon the title opinion produced by Rodrigo, Elias & Medrano (a Peruvian law
firm) dated November 15, 2007 and expressly disclaim responsibility for information derived from
the opinion. Rodrigo, Elias & Medrano is a well known and established Peruvian law firm
17
6. Property Description and Location
6.1 Property Description
The Quiruvilca Mine is an underground mining operation located in the province of Santiago de
Chuco, one of twelve provinces that make up the La Libertad Region in northwest Peru (see Figure
6-1). The nearest major center is Trujillo, 76 km west of the mine. Trujillo is the third largest
city in Peru with a population of ~650,000 (according to a 2005 census) and is the economic center
of northern Peru, acting as the central hub for agriculture. Trujillo also provides access to
Salaverry, a large port, and is connected to Lima, the Capital of Peru, via highway and daily
flights.
The Quiruvilca Mine property is geographically centered at 8°1S and 78°21W in the Andes mountain
range at elevations ranging from 3,450 to 4,075 m above sea level. The property consists of 140
concessions that span 3,565.6 ha of land. Mining is by underground methods and current developments
extend over 1,200 ha to a depth of 400 m.
The property boundaries, layout of the major infrastructure and significant land features are laid
out in Figure 6-2. Within the boundaries of the mine property there are two small communities, the
Town of Quiruvilca and Shorey Village. The milling facilities are located in Shorey, as well as
worker camps. There are two major tailing impoundments on the property, the San Felipe Impoundment
and the Santa Catalina Impoundment. The San Felipe Impoundment is the former tailings impoundment
and is no longer used except for the storage of sludge from the water treatment plant.
Since operations began, over 130 veins have been identified in the mine area. At least
three-quarters of these veins have been in production at some point in time. Figure 6-3 shows a
plan view of mapped mineralized structures on the property. In addition, a series of figures
detailing the mine workings by level have been included in Figure 6-4A to 6-4G.
Local lakes, rivers and streams provide process and potable water to the operations, the more
significant ones being the La Merced Creek, just south of the Sanata Catalina Impoundment, and the
Los Angeles lake, to the east outside of Quiruvilcas boundaries.
6.2 Mineral Tenure
PAS retained the Peruvian law firm of Rodrigo, Elias & Medrano Abogados to provide a legal
opinion regarding the mining properties (including surface rights) held by PAS and PASQ for the
Quiruvilca Mine. During the course of the review it was decided that reviewing all of the 140
properties was not required and the review was limited to those 77 properties belonging to the
Quiruvilca Mine from which production is or has been obtained (the Mining Properties). The
opinion on the Mining Properties was dated November 15, 2007 and the authors of this Technical
Report have relied solely on information contained in the opinion.
18
The main legal features related to the requirements for maintaining the Mining Properties in good
standing and a brief explanation of the main administrative requirements have been summarized from
the opinion as follows:
|
1.1. |
|
Under Peruvian law, the right to explore for and exploit minerals is granted by way
of concessions. Pursuant to the Uniform Test of Mining Law, approved by Supreme Decree No.
014-92-EM of June 4, 1992 (the Mining Law), any local or foreign individual or legal
entity is required to hold a specific concession granted by the Ministry of Energy and
Mines (MEM) to carry out any mining activity other than: sampling, prospecting and/or
trading in mining products or minerals of any type and condition. The exploration for and
extraction of mineral substances from the ground or underground is governed by the Mining
Law. |
|
|
1.2. |
|
Under the Mining Law, the system of concessions includes: |
|
|
|
Mining Concessions, which grant their holders the right to explore and exploit the
mineral resources, whether metallic or non-metallic, within the area conferred by the
concession; |
|
|
|
|
Processing Concessions, which grant the right to process minerals; |
|
|
|
|
General Service Concessions, which grant the right to render auxiliary services to
one or more mining concessions; and |
|
|
|
|
Mining Transportation Concessions, which grant the holders the right to operate a
continuous massive transportation system of mineral products between one or more
mining units. |
|
1.3. |
|
A Peruvian mining concession is a property-related right, distinct and independent
from the ownership of surface land on which it is located. The term of a concession is
indefinite, provided that related annual fees are duly paid. The rights manifested in a
mining concession are protected against third parties, transferable, chargeable and, in
general, may be the subject of any transaction or contract. Mining concessions may be
privately owned and no state participation is required. Buildings and other permanent
structures used in a mining operation are considered real property accessories to the
concession on which they are situated. |
|
|
1.4. |
|
The concession grants to the concessionaire the right to perform, on an exclusive
basis, certain mining activities within a duly determined area. All the concessions
governed by the Mining Law should be registered with the Registry of Mining Rights, which
forms part of the National System of Public Registers. They are also registered in the
National Mining Cadastre, which is managed by the National Institute of Mining,
Metallurgical and Geological Studies based on UTM coordinates. |
|
|
1.5. |
|
The concessions are irrevocable as long as its holder complies with the annual
payment of the validity fee (US$3 per hectare) and penalties for not achieving a minimum
production (US$100 per hectare per year) within six years following the year in which the
respective concession is granted. If said minimum production is not reached, as of the
first semester of the seventh year, the holder of the concession shall pay a US$6 penalty
per hectare per year until such production is reached (the penalties increase to US$20 as
from the twelfth year). It is possible to avoid payment of the penalty if evidence is
presented to the mining authorities that an amount equal to ten times the applicable
penalty or more has been invested. Non-compliance with any of these obligations for two
consecutive years will result in the extinction of the concession. Any payment made the
year following a year of non-compliance will apply to the previous year. |
|
|
1.6. |
|
To comply with the established work and production obligations, holders of more than
one mining concession of the same type and nature may group them in economic
administrative units, provided the concessions are located within the same 5 km surface
radius, in the case of non-ferrous metallic minerals. To form such economic administrative
units requires approval from the General Mining Directorate. |
19
|
1.7. |
|
Concessions may be transferred, assigned and mortgaged, while any movable assets used
in mining activities as well as minerals extracted and/or processed from such concessions
that belong to the concessionaire may be pledged. Any and all of these transactions and
contracts must be formalized through a public deed and registered before the Mining Public
Registry for them to be enforceable against the State and third parties. |
|
|
1.8. |
|
It is important to note that the concept of overlapping with predecessor mineral
titles is not uncommon in Peru. Such overlapping is common with regard to Peruvian mineral
title as a result of a change to the Peruvian official system of granting mining
concessions implemented in 1991 and which is based on UTM coordinates. |
|
|
1.9. |
|
Administrative requirements include the Filing of a document in which information on
the activities performed on the mining property during the previous year is provided to
the mining authorities. |
As mentioned above, property boundaries are located by UTM co-ordinates and are not marked
physically in the field.
In order to confirm and assess the 77 Mining Properties, the information from the following sources
was gathered and analyzed by Rodrigo, Elias & Medrano Abogados:
|
1.1. |
|
The status of the Mining Properties at the computerized system of the INGEMMENT
(Instituto Nacional Geológico Minero y Metalúrgico); |
|
|
1.2. |
|
In detail, the Public Registry records for each one of the Mining Properties. |
|
|
1.3. |
|
The official list of mining rights updated to December 31, 2006 (Padrón Minero),
published by the INGEMMET. |
|
|
1.4. |
|
Information and documentation provided by PASQ. |
The opinion provided by the law firm of Rodrigo, Elias & Medrano Abogados is summarized as
follows:
|
1. |
|
All the 77 Mining Properties plus one beneficiation concession are in good standing. |
|
|
2. |
|
Mining concession titles have been granted with respect to all Mining Properties. |
|
|
3. |
|
All Mining Properties titles have been registered with the Public Registry. There are
two properties with minor name changes that need to be duly recorded. |
|
|
4. |
|
Quiruvilca is the current registered titleholder of all the Mining Properties. In the
case of three of the mining concessions, there is a registered interest that a number of
third parties appear to have over them. |
20
|
|
|
Due to the time elapsed since such rights were granted more than 50 years and the lack
of documentation available, it is not possible to determine whether or not such interests
are valid and/or enforceable to date. PASQ has confirmed these concessions are on the
outskirts of the Quiruvilca Mine property and no longer contain mining operations and are
as follows: |
|
a) |
|
Berta 8.0015 Hectares: Pan American Silver S.A.C. Mina Quiruvilca
91.666666% and third party 8.333333%. |
|
|
b) |
|
Colorado 2.8228 Hectares: Pan American Silver S.A.C. Mina Quiruvilca 93.6%,
and third parties the remainder. |
|
|
c) |
|
La Amorosa 1.6919 Hectares: Pan American Silver S.A.C. Mina Quiruvilca
72.5%, and third parties the remainder. |
|
|
|
In the event the third parties claim and obtain recognition of their interests, the current
mine regulations would require a legal mining partnership. PASQ would retain the
controlling interest in all of these concessions. |
|
|
5. |
|
Although all Mining Properties are currently free from any kind of lien and/or
encumbrance in favor of third parties, almost all of them are subject to a mining mortgage
agreement in favor of Pan American Silver Peru SAC for an amount of US$2,000,000, which
was granted as a consequence of the execution of the Transfer Agreement by means of which
PASQ acquired such Mining Properties from Pan American Silver Peru SAC their previous
owner. In addition, almost all the Mining Properties maintains registration of a Mining
Assignment Agreement granted for a ten-year term, starting on January 1, 2000, by Pan
American Silver Peru SAC in favor of Corporación Minera Nor Perú S.A (which is the former
name of PASQ and therefore is their current owner) that also includes a NSR Mining Royalty
of 4.6% in Pan American Silver Peru SACs favor. |
|
|
6. |
|
The mining properties Acumulación Quiruvilca 1, Acumulación Quiruvilca 4 and CMNP 2A
are subject to an agreement executed on June 28, 2004 between PASQ and Minera Barrick
Misquichilca SA (Minera Barrick). These properties are in the process of being divided
so that the areas not required for the operation of the Quiruvilca Mine are transferred to
Minera Barrick. |
|
|
7. |
|
There is a large degree of overlapping between the Mining Properties and a small
degree of overlapping with third parties mining rights. It is quite common for Peruvian
mineral properties to overlap with third party mining concessions. In these cases, the
older concessions have senior rights over the overlapped concessions. |
Mining concessions are a real property right different and independent from surface land property.
Consequently, pursuant to Peruvian legislation, title over these concessions does not grant its
holder ownership or a possession title over the surface land; this should be negotiated with the
corresponding landowners.
21
PASQ has a large number of public and private documents establishing surface rights that date back
in some cases to the 1930s. In this respect, although upon review of the documentation provided,
PASQ appears to be the legal holder and/or owner of the corresponding lands with both valid and
binding documents, there are a number of lands where registration either does not exist or is no longer in
force. Although registration is not a requirement, it has been recommended.
22
A complete list of all of the mining concessions held by PASQ are shown in Table 6-1.
Table 6-1: List of mining concessions held by PASQ with respect to the Quiruvilca Mine
CONCESSIONS HELD BY PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. QUIRUVILCA MINE
UPDATED AS OF SEPTEMBER 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nº |
|
|
CODE |
|
|
CONCESSION |
|
|
|
HECTARES |
|
|
|
LETTER |
|
|
|
ZONE |
|
|
TITLE TO |
|
|
DATE RECEIVED |
|
|
|
D_STATE |
1 |
|
|
15000415Y01 |
|
|
ACAJUTLA |
|
|
10.0011 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
6/7/1923 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
2 |
|
|
15010733X01 |
|
|
ACUMULACION QUIRUVILCA 1 |
|
|
361.1400 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/22/1989 |
|
|
Acumulación D.M. Titulada |
3 |
|
|
15010754X01 |
|
|
ACUMULACION QUIRUVILCA 3 |
|
|
31.9233 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/18/1989 |
|
|
Acumulación D.M. Titulada |
4 |
|
|
15010757X01 |
|
|
ACUMULACION QUIRUVILCA 4 |
|
|
746.0718 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/24/1989 |
|
|
Acumulación D.M. Titulada |
5 |
|
|
15010760X01 |
|
|
ACUMULACION QUIRUVILCA 5 |
|
|
213.1768 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/31/1989 |
|
|
Acumulación D.M. Titulada |
6 |
|
|
15002201X01 |
|
|
ADA |
|
|
0.2287 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/9/1957 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
7 |
|
|
15000334Y01 |
|
|
ADELINA |
|
|
2.8153 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
2/13/1919 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
8 |
|
|
15001584X01 |
|
|
AGRIPINA |
|
|
0.2203 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
6/28/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
9 |
|
|
15000447X01 |
|
|
AMELIA |
|
|
1.5734 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/30/1909 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
10 |
|
|
15002200X01 |
|
|
ANA |
|
|
0.1869 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/9/1957 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
11 |
|
|
15000179Y01 |
|
|
ANA MARIA |
|
|
2.2925 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/26/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
12 |
|
|
15001092X01 |
|
|
ANDRES |
|
|
1.1281 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/20/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
13 |
|
|
15001526X01 |
|
|
ATABOY |
|
|
0.1000 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/13/1921 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
14 |
|
|
15001250X01 |
|
|
ATAHUALPA |
|
|
10.0019 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/8/1918 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
15 |
|
|
15003626X01 |
|
|
AVA |
|
|
0.2229 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/7/1960 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
16 |
|
|
15001088X01 |
|
|
BERTA |
|
|
8.0015 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/18/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
17 |
|
|
15000912X01 |
|
|
BOER |
|
|
4.0007 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/1/1910 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
18 |
|
|
15001532X01 |
|
|
BRIAND |
|
|
0.2189 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/7/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
19 |
|
|
15000133Y01 |
|
|
BRONCE |
|
|
2.0526 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-02 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
20 |
|
|
15000203Y01 |
|
|
CABALLO DE OROS |
|
|
4.8095 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/2/1907 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
21 |
|
|
15001463X01 |
|
|
CARPENTIER |
|
|
5.1728 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/12/1921 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
22 |
|
|
15001686X01 |
|
|
CENTENARIO |
|
|
3.9687 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/15/1924 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
23 |
|
|
15001270X01 |
|
|
CERRO DE PASCO |
|
|
1.7045 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/12/1918 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
24 |
|
|
15000135Y01 |
|
|
CHIMBORACITO |
|
|
5.6458 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-02 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
25 |
|
|
15000150Y01 |
|
|
CHIMBORAZO |
|
|
8.0012 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/30/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
26 |
|
|
15000193Y01 |
|
|
CHIMBORAZO Nº 1 |
|
|
8.0014 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/4/1908 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
27 |
|
|
15001089X01 |
|
|
CLARA |
|
|
0.5089 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/20/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
28 |
|
|
010090196A |
|
|
CMNP-2A |
|
|
100.0000 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/20/1996 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 708 |
29 |
|
|
010140996 |
|
|
CMNP-4 DE QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
800.0000 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/10/1996 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 708 |
30 |
|
|
15000132Y01 |
|
|
COLORADO |
|
|
2.8228 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-02 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
31 |
|
|
15000295Y01 |
|
|
CON NOMBRE |
|
|
0.5651 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/2/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
32 |
|
|
15000216Y01 |
|
|
CUBA |
|
|
1.9264 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/19/1908 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
33 |
|
|
15000110X01 |
|
|
DOCE DE JULIO |
|
|
16.0024 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/12/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
34 |
|
|
15000220Y01 |
|
|
DON RICARDO |
|
|
12.0018 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/24/1909 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
35 |
|
|
15001466X01 |
|
|
EL ARCO |
|
|
5.6504 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/12/1921 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
36 |
|
|
15001318X01 |
|
|
EL MILAGRO III |
|
|
2.6210 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
4/4/1917 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
37 |
|
|
15000097Y01 |
|
|
EL TINGO |
|
|
3.1508 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/1/1917 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
38 |
|
|
15000392Y01 |
|
|
EL VERONES |
|
|
0.0327 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/12/1921 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
39 |
|
|
15003862X01 |
|
|
ELE |
|
|
1.2744 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/8/1961 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
40 |
|
|
15002122X01 |
|
|
ELENA |
|
|
1.0001 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
6/13/1957 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
41 |
|
|
15000153Y02 |
|
|
ELEODORA |
|
|
4.0006 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
8/10/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
42 |
|
|
15000180Y01 |
|
|
ELISA |
|
|
8.0017 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/13/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
43 |
|
|
15000185Y01 |
|
|
ELVIRA |
|
|
12.0018 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/30/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
44 |
|
|
15000189Y01 |
|
|
ELVIRA GRACIELA |
|
|
12.0015 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/30/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
45 |
|
|
15000192Y01 |
|
|
ELVIRA Nº 1 |
|
|
16.0023 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/4/1908 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
46 |
|
|
15000191Y01 |
|
|
ELVIRITA |
|
|
2.0004 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/4/1908 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
47 |
|
|
15000152Y01 |
|
|
EMMA |
|
|
0.2684 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
8/9/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
48 |
|
|
15022198X01 |
|
|
ENA |
|
|
1.0002 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/9/1957 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
49 |
|
|
15000138Y01 |
|
|
ESPERANZA |
|
|
2.8230 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-02 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
50 |
|
|
15000199Y01 |
|
|
ETELVINA |
|
|
4.9682 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
11/10/1908 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
51 |
|
|
15000137Y01 |
|
|
FE |
|
|
2.8229 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-02 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
52 |
|
|
15009183X01 |
|
|
FEDERAL Nº 6 |
|
|
3.7443 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
11/11/1981 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
53 |
|
|
15003867X01 |
|
|
FELIX |
|
|
0.4758 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/16/1961 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
54 |
|
|
15003868X01 |
|
|
FELIX QUINTA |
|
|
0.3836 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/16/1961 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
55 |
|
|
15000247Y01 |
|
|
FELIX SEGUNDA |
|
|
20.3411 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/10/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
56 |
|
|
15002032X01 |
|
|
FELIX TERCERA |
|
|
1.0002 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/26/1957 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
57 |
|
|
15000485Y01 |
|
|
FERMIN |
|
|
48.0072 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/28/1926 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
58 |
|
|
15001319X01 |
|
|
FORTUNATO |
|
|
2.8468 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
11/15/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
59 |
|
|
15000137X01 |
|
|
GAUDENCIA |
|
|
0.8518 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/3/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
60 |
|
|
15000471Y01 |
|
|
HABANA |
|
|
0.0034 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
4/26/1929 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
61 |
|
|
15001529X01 |
|
|
HARDING |
|
|
0.7173 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/7/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
62 |
|
|
15000134Y01 |
|
|
HUASCO |
|
|
6.5972 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-02 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
63 |
|
|
15001531X01 |
|
|
HUGHES |
|
|
2.7717 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/7/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
64 |
|
|
15005348X01 |
|
|
IRMA |
|
|
1.0001 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/6/1967 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
65 |
|
|
15000437Y01 |
|
|
IVAN |
|
|
3.8877 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/30/1927 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
66 |
|
|
15000470Y01 |
|
|
IVANCITO |
|
|
0.8567 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
4/26/1929 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
67 |
|
|
15000976X01 |
|
|
JESUS |
|
|
0.0679 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1889-01-12 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
68 |
|
|
15002302X01 |
|
|
JOSE GODOY |
|
|
20.0033 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
4/10/1946 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
69 |
|
|
15000149Y01 |
|
|
JOSEFINA |
|
|
2.0004 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/30/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
70 |
|
|
15001535X01 |
|
|
KATO |
|
|
0.2400 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/7/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
71 |
|
|
15001273X01 |
|
|
LA ALEGRIA |
|
|
1.0696 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/12/1918 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
72 |
|
|
15000143Y01 |
|
|
LA AMOROSA |
|
|
1.6919 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-16 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
73 |
|
|
15001271X01 |
|
|
LA AVISPA |
|
|
0.2155 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/12/1918 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
74 |
|
|
15007467X01 |
|
|
LA CODICIADA |
|
|
2.2999 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/29/1979 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
75 |
|
|
15000928X01 |
|
|
LA ESPERANZA |
|
|
4.0005 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/16/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
23
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nº |
|
|
CODE |
|
|
CONCESSION |
|
|
|
HECTARES |
|
|
|
LETTER |
|
|
|
ZONE |
|
|
TITLE TO |
|
|
DATE RECEIVED |
|
|
D_STATE |
76 |
|
|
15000178Y01 |
|
|
LA INGRATITUD |
|
|
0.8663 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/8/1907 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
77 |
|
|
15001111X01 |
|
|
LA JUSTICIA |
|
|
1.9590 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
2/12/1917 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
78 |
|
|
15001472X01 |
|
|
LA MONITA |
|
|
0.2171 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/14/1921 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
79 |
|
|
15001269X01 |
|
|
LA QUEBRADA |
|
|
1.5654 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/12/1918 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
80 |
|
|
15000186Y01 |
|
|
LA RATONERA |
|
|
4.0005 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/15/1907 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
81 |
|
|
15000197Y01 |
|
|
LA RECUPERADA |
|
|
1.5398 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/11/1945 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
82 |
|
|
15001992X01 |
|
|
LA RESTAURADORA |
|
|
12.0017 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/15/1945 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
83 |
|
|
15000195Y01 |
|
|
LA VENGANZA |
|
|
2.0005 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
11/4/1905 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
84 |
|
|
15000345X01 |
|
|
LABERINTO |
|
|
3.7182 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/4/1908 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
85 |
|
|
15000515X01 |
|
|
LEALTAD |
|
|
6.9717 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/1/1911 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
86 |
|
|
15001268X01 |
|
|
LOS ARREGLOS |
|
|
2.0002 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/12/1918 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
87 |
|
|
15000238Y01 |
|
|
LOS DOS AMIGOS |
|
|
4.9043 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/12/1914 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
88 |
|
|
15001832X01 |
|
|
LUCHO |
|
|
1.3471 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/30/1928 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
89 |
|
|
15001585X01 |
|
|
LUISA |
|
|
0.7242 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
6/28/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
90 |
|
|
15001019X01 |
|
|
LUZ ANGELICA |
|
|
0.6231 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
8/23/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
91 |
|
|
15000442Y01 |
|
|
MAINE |
|
|
4.7656 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/30/1927 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
92 |
|
|
15002283X01 |
|
|
MANUELITA |
|
|
2.2298 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
2/22/1958 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
93 |
|
|
15005544X01 |
|
|
MARIA ISABEL |
|
|
3.4530 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
6/13/1968 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
94 |
|
|
15000253Y01 |
|
|
MARIA VIOLETA |
|
|
0.4907 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/17/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
95 |
|
|
15000927X01 |
|
|
MARINA |
|
|
6.0011 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/16/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
96 |
|
|
15001534X02 |
|
|
MEDIO PENIQUE |
|
|
1.0048 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/7/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
97 |
|
|
15000141Y01 |
|
|
MERCED |
|
|
1.3979 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1890-08-29 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
98 |
|
|
15000913X01 |
|
|
MI MEME |
|
|
30.0040 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/7/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
99 |
|
|
15000184Y01 |
|
|
MOROCOCHA |
|
|
6.0013 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
11/8/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
100 |
|
|
15000423X01 |
|
|
N.P. Nº 47 |
|
|
|
1.0001 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/1/1950 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
101 |
|
|
15001272X01 |
|
|
NO MAS MULAS |
|
|
2.9945 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/12/1918 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
102 |
|
|
15002584X01 |
|
|
NORTE PERU Nº 24 |
|
|
0.3246 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/18/1949 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
103 |
|
|
15002585X01 |
|
|
NORTE PERU Nº 25 |
|
|
9.4888 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/18/1949 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
104 |
|
|
15002587X01 |
|
|
NORTE PERU Nº 27 |
|
|
2.0481 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/18/1949 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
105 |
|
|
15002604X01 |
|
|
NORTE PERU Nº 38 |
|
|
8.0010 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/23/1949 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
106 |
|
|
15002605X01 |
|
|
NORTE PERU Nº 39 |
|
|
8.0014 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/23/1949 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
107 |
|
|
15002718X01 |
|
|
NORTE PERU Nº 50 |
|
|
1.1141 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/19/1958 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
108 |
|
|
15004168X01 |
|
|
OLGA |
|
|
5.0456 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/23/1961 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
109 |
|
|
15000451Y01 |
|
|
OLVIDADO |
|
|
0.1553 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
6/28/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
110 |
|
|
15004338X01 |
|
|
ORION |
|
|
0.0631 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/4/1962 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
111 |
|
|
15000346X01 |
|
|
PAPELILLO |
|
|
2.8230 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1886-09-22 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
112 |
|
|
15001749X01 |
|
|
PERU |
|
|
0.7287 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
2/20/1926 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
113 |
|
|
15000145Y01 |
|
|
PORVENIR |
|
|
5.8076 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/23/1909 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
114 |
|
|
15000621X01 |
|
|
PRECISA |
|
|
2.4120 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
8/21/1913 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
115 |
|
|
15001678X01 |
|
|
PRINZAPOLCA |
|
|
36.0049 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
6/7/1923 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
116 |
|
|
15000140Y01 |
|
|
PROGRESO |
|
|
8.4682 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-02 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
117 |
|
|
15007469X01 |
|
|
PUERTO ARTURO |
|
|
1.4676 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/29/1979 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
118 |
|
|
15000802Y01 |
|
|
RAQUEL |
|
|
1.0002 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/6/1967 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
119 |
|
|
15001933X01 |
|
|
RENATA |
|
|
3.8927 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
11/22/1933 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
120 |
|
|
15001112X01 |
|
|
REYNA MORA |
|
|
0.3394 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
2/12/1917 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
121 |
|
|
15000920X01 |
|
|
RICARDITO |
|
|
12.0021 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/10/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
122 |
|
|
15001586X01 |
|
|
RIGHT NUMBER ONE |
|
|
0.0787 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
6/28/1922 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
123 |
|
|
15000254Y01 |
|
|
SALCHICHA |
|
|
3.1577 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
3/20/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
124 |
|
|
15000380X01 |
|
|
SAN ANDRES |
|
|
0.5776 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/25/1909 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
125 |
|
|
15000196Y01 |
|
|
SAN JUAN |
|
|
2.0001 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1/16/1909 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
126 |
|
|
15000139Y01 |
|
|
SAN MARCELO |
|
|
0.1717 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
1899-08-02 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
127 |
|
|
1500784AY01 |
|
|
SAN MARTIN Nº 28-A |
|
|
1.0456 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/19/1962 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
128 |
|
|
15000194Y01 |
|
|
SAN MIGUEL |
|
|
1.5209 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/13/1908 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
129 |
|
|
010188697A |
|
|
SANTA CATALINA |
|
|
400.0000 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/2/1997 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 708 |
130 |
|
|
15000172Y01 |
|
|
SEGURIDAD |
|
|
2.0002 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/13/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
131 |
|
|
15003869X01 |
|
|
SEXTA |
|
|
0.3302 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
5/16/1961 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
132 |
|
|
P0100302 |
|
|
SHOREY |
|
|
261.0006 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
|
|
|
Planta de Beneficio |
133 |
|
|
15000368X01 |
|
|
SIN NOMBRE |
|
|
0.3594 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
7/1/1908 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
134 |
|
|
15000171Y01 |
|
|
SOTA DE OROS |
|
|
6.0008 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
10/13/1906 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
135 |
|
|
030013303 |
|
|
TAMARA X |
|
|
100.0000 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
COMPRADA A JAIME ANTONIO HORNA
BANCES
EN PROCESO DE TRANSFERENCIA A PAS |
|
|
3/13/2003 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 708 |
136 |
|
|
15000177Y01 |
|
|
TOTOROTA |
|
|
2.1885 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
4/27/1907 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
137 |
|
|
15000444Y01 |
|
|
WEDGE |
|
|
0.3128 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
12/13/1921 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
138 |
|
|
15001846X01 |
|
|
ZAMBITA |
|
|
0.5127 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
PAN AMERICAN SILVER S.A.C. MINA QUIRUVILCA |
|
|
9/14/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
139 |
|
|
1500301AY01 |
|
|
CLARA-A |
|
|
0.0564 |
|
|
|
16-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
CORPORACION MINERA NOR PERU S.A. |
|
|
12/20/1916 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
140 |
|
|
1500299AY01 |
|
|
REYNA MORA-A |
|
|
0.1448 |
|
|
|
17-G |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
CORPORACION MINERA NOR PERU S.A. |
|
|
2/12/1917 |
|
|
D.M. Titulado D.L. 109 |
24
The list of Mining Properties that were reviewed by Rodrigo, Elias & Medrano, Lima, Peru are shown
in Table 6-2:
Table 6-2: List of mining concessions held by PASQ reviewed (the Mining Properties)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area |
|
|
Debts regarding |
|
|
|
|
No. |
|
Mining Property |
|
|
Code |
|
|
(Hectares) |
|
|
validity fees |
|
|
Penalties |
|
1 |
|
ACUMULACION QUIRUVILCA 1* |
|
|
15010733X01 |
|
|
|
942.2558 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
2 |
|
ACUMULACIÓN QUIRUVILCA 4* |
|
|
15010757X01 |
|
|
|
985.9382 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
3 |
|
ADELINA |
|
|
15000334Y01 |
|
|
|
2.8153 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
4 |
|
AGRIPINA |
|
|
15001584X01 |
|
|
|
0.2203 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
5 |
|
ANA MARIA |
|
|
15000179Y01 |
|
|
|
2.2925 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
6 |
|
ATABOY |
|
|
15001526X01 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
7 |
|
ATAHUALPA |
|
|
15001250X01 |
|
|
|
10.0019 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
8 |
|
BERTA |
|
|
15001088X01 |
|
|
|
8.0015 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
9 |
|
BRONCE |
|
|
15000133Y01 |
|
|
|
2.0526 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
10 |
|
CABALLO DE OROS |
|
|
15000203Y01 |
|
|
|
4.8095 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
11 |
|
CENTENARIO |
|
|
15001686X01 |
|
|
|
3.9687 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
12 |
|
CERRO DE PASCO |
|
|
15001270X01 |
|
|
|
1.7045 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
13 |
|
CHIMBORAZO |
|
|
15000150Y01 |
|
|
|
8.0012 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
14 |
|
CHIMBORAZO Nº 1 |
|
|
15000193Y01 |
|
|
|
8.0014 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
15 |
|
CLARA |
|
|
15001089X01 |
|
|
|
0.5089 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
16 |
|
CMNP-2A* |
|
|
010090196A |
|
|
|
34.0768 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
17 |
|
COLORADO |
|
|
15000132Y01 |
|
|
|
2.8228 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
18 |
|
CUBA |
|
|
15000216Y01 |
|
|
|
1.9264 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
19 |
|
DOCE DE JULIO |
|
|
15000110X01 |
|
|
|
16.0024 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
20 |
|
ELE |
|
|
15003862X01 |
|
|
|
1.2744 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
21 |
|
ELENA |
|
|
15002122X01 |
|
|
|
1.0001 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
22 |
|
ELEODORA |
|
|
15000153Y02 |
|
|
|
4.0006 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
23 |
|
ELVIRA |
|
|
15000185Y01 |
|
|
|
12.0018 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
24 |
|
ELVIRA GRACIELA |
|
|
15000189Y01 |
|
|
|
12.0015 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
25 |
|
ELVIRA N° 1 |
|
|
15000192Y01 |
|
|
|
16.0023 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
26 |
|
ELVIRITA |
|
|
15000191Y01 |
|
|
|
2.0004 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
27 |
|
EMMA |
|
|
15000152Y01 |
|
|
|
0.2684 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
28 |
|
ESPERANZA |
|
|
15000138Y01 |
|
|
|
2.823 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
29 |
|
FELIX |
|
|
15003867X01 |
|
|
|
0.4758 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
30 |
|
FELIX QUINTA |
|
|
15003868X01 |
|
|
|
0.3836 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
31 |
|
FELIX SEGUNDA |
|
|
15000247Y01 |
|
|
|
20.3411 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
32 |
|
FELIX TERCERA |
|
|
15002032X01 |
|
|
|
1.0002 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
33 |
|
GAUDENCIA |
|
|
15000137X01 |
|
|
|
0.8518 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
34 |
|
HABANA |
|
|
15000471Y01 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
35 |
|
HUASCO |
|
|
15000134Y01 |
|
|
|
6.5972 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
36 |
|
HUGHES |
|
|
15001531X01 |
|
|
|
2.7717 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
37 |
|
IRMA |
|
|
15005348X01 |
|
|
|
1.0001 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
38 |
|
IVAN |
|
|
15000437Y01 |
|
|
|
3.8877 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
25
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area |
|
|
Debts regarding |
|
|
|
|
No. |
|
Mining Property |
|
|
Code |
|
|
(Hectares) |
|
|
validity fees |
|
|
Penalties |
|
39 |
|
IVANCITO |
|
|
15000470Y01 |
|
|
|
0.8567 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
40 |
|
JESÚS |
|
|
15000976X01 |
|
|
|
0.0679 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
41 |
|
KATO |
|
|
15001535X01 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
42 |
|
LA ALEGRÍA |
|
|
15001273X01 |
|
|
|
1.0696 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
43 |
|
LA AMOROSA |
|
|
15000143Y01 |
|
|
|
1.6919 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
44 |
|
LA JUSTICIA |
|
|
15001111X01 |
|
|
|
1.959 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
45 |
|
LA MONITA |
|
|
15001472X01 |
|
|
|
0.2171 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
46 |
|
LA QUEBRADA |
|
|
15001269X01 |
|
|
|
1.5654 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
47 |
|
LA RATONERA |
|
|
15000186Y01 |
|
|
|
4.0005 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
48 |
|
LABERINTO |
|
|
15000345X01 |
|
|
|
3.7182 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
49 |
|
LEALTAD |
|
|
15000515X01 |
|
|
|
6.9717 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
50 |
|
LOS ARREGLOS |
|
|
15001268X01 |
|
|
|
2.0002 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
51 |
|
LUISA |
|
|
15001585X01 |
|
|
|
0.7242 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
52 |
|
LUZ ANGÉLICA |
|
|
15001019X01 |
|
|
|
0.6231 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
53 |
|
MAINE |
|
|
15000442Y01 |
|
|
|
4.7656 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
54 |
|
MANUELITA |
|
|
15002283X01 |
|
|
|
2.2298 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
55 |
|
MARÍA VIOLETA |
|
|
15000253Y01 |
|
|
|
0.4907 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
56 |
|
MEDIO PENIQUE |
|
|
15001534X02 |
|
|
|
1.0048 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
57 |
|
MOROCOCHA |
|
|
15000184Y01 |
|
|
|
6.0013 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
58 |
|
NORTE PERÚ N° 39 |
|
|
15002605X01 |
|
|
|
8.0014 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
59 |
|
PAPELILLO |
|
|
15000346X01 |
|
|
|
2.823 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
60 |
|
PERU |
|
|
15001749X01 |
|
|
|
0.7287 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
61 |
|
PORVENIR |
|
|
15000145Y01 |
|
|
|
5.8076 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
62 |
|
PRECISA |
|
|
15000621X01 |
|
|
|
2.412 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
63 |
|
PRINZAPOLCA |
|
|
15001678X01 |
|
|
|
36.0049 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
64 |
|
REYNA MORA |
|
|
15001112X01 |
|
|
|
0.3394 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
65 |
|
RIGHT NUMBER ONE |
|
|
15001586X01 |
|
|
|
0.0787 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
66 |
|
SAN ANDRES |
|
|
15000380X01 |
|
|
|
0.5776 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
67 |
|
SAN JUAN |
|
|
15000196Y01 |
|
|
|
2.0001 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
68 |
|
SAN MARCELO |
|
|
15000139Y01 |
|
|
|
0.1717 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
69 |
|
SAN MIGUEL |
|
|
15000194Y01 |
|
|
|
1.5209 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
70 |
|
SEGURIDAD |
|
|
15000172Y01 |
|
|
|
2.0002 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
71 |
|
SOTA DE OROS |
|
|
15000171Y01 |
|
|
|
6.0008 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
72 |
|
TAMARA X |
|
|
30013303 |
|
|
|
30.8252 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
73 |
|
TOTOROTA |
|
|
15000177Y01 |
|
|
|
2.1885 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
74 |
|
WEDGE |
|
|
15000444Y01 |
|
|
|
0.3128 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
75 |
|
ZAMBITA |
|
|
15001846X01 |
|
|
|
0.5127 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
76 |
|
REYNA MORA-A |
|
|
1500299AY01 |
|
|
|
0.1448 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
77 |
|
CLARA-A |
|
|
1500301AY01 |
|
|
|
0.0564 |
|
|
All paid up to 2007 |
|
No pending debt |
26
6.3 Property Ownership
The Quiruvilca Mine is owned and operated by PASQ, a company in which PAS, indirectly through its
subsidiaries, owns 100% of the outstanding voting shares and 99.93% of the total outstanding
equity. Pan American Silver S.A.C. Mina Quiruvilca and Cia Minera Huaron merged to form PASQ
effective January 2006.
PAS is the continuing corporation of Pan American Energy Corporation, which was incorporated under
the Company Act (British Columbia) on March 7, 1979. PAS underwent two name changes by way of
amendment to its memorandum, the last occurring on April 11, 1995, when the present name was
adopted. Amendments to the memorandum of PAS to date have been limited to name changes and capital
alterations. In May of 2006, PAS obtained shareholder approval to amend its memorandum and articles
including the increase in the authorized share capital of PAS from 100,000,000 to 200,000,000
common shares in connection with PAS required transition under the Business Corporations Act
(British Columbia).
PAS head office is situated at 1500 625 Howe Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,
V6C 2T6 and its registered and records offices are situated at 1200 Waterfront Centre, 200 Burrard
Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V7X 1T2. PAS web site can be found at
www.panamericansilver.com.
6.4 Agreements
To the best of PAS knowledge, the Quiruvilca property is not subject to any royalties or
encumbrances other than the Peruvian mining royalty tax. In June 2004, Perus congress approved a
bill that allows royalties to be charged on mining projects based on net smelter returns. The
progressive rates are as followed:
1.0% for companies with sales up to $60 million
2.0% for companies with sales between $60 to $120 million
3.0% for companies with sales greater than $120 million
From 2004 to 2006 Quiruvilca was in the lower bracket of 1% and paid an approximate amount of $0.7
million in 2006, $0.2 million in 2005 and $0.1 million in 2004. The royalty payments are tax
deductible in the Peruvian tax regime.
27
6.5 Permits
There are no citations or orders outstanding regarding the Quiruvilca Mine property. All permits
required for the conduct of Quiruvilca mining operations are currently in good standing. These
permits are:
|
|
The Industrial Liquid Effluent Discharge Permit, granted through
the Direccion General de Salud Ambiental (DIGESA), a
subsection of the Ministerio del Salud, was renewed in 2007 and
is valid for a two year period, at which time it will require
renewal. |
|
|
|
The Municipal Liquid Effluent Discharge Permit, granted through
DIGESA, was renewed in August 2006 and does not require renewal
unless a change to the disposal method or flows is anticipated. |
|
|
|
The Domestic Landfill Permit, granted by DIGESA, was renewed in
2007, and is valid for a two year period. Prior to expiry, the
mine will need to identify and construct a new area for a landfill
as the existing area will reach its storage capacity. |
|
|
|
The Domestic and Industrial Water Use Permit, granted by the
Instituto de Recursos Naturales (INRENA) is valid and does not
required renewal unless a change to the water requirements is
identified. |
|
|
|
The Operating Permit, granted by the Peruvian Ministry of Energy
and Mines (MEM) was granted in 1980 for processing throughputs
of up to 2,000 tonnes per day and does not require renewal unless
an increase of the maximum throughput is planned. |
|
|
|
The Waste Storage Permits, granted by MEM, are valid and the
stability assessments for the impoundments have been approved.
These do not require renewal unless a change is proposed to the
impoundments not previously identified in the stability assessment
reports. |
6.6 Liabilities
Quiruvilcas largest liability relates to its future closure and remediation. In 2006, assisted by
SVS Ignenieros S.A, a certified third party consultant, PAS completed and submitted a closure plan
to the MEM. The cost estimate associated with the closure plan carried a present value of $14.3
million for future reclamation and asset retirement and has since been updated to $15.6 million.
Review of the closure plan by MEM is still in progress. In each of 2005 and 2006, $0.8 million was
spent on reclamation activities.
A summary of details regarding the closure plan are included under Environmental Considerations
in section 0.
The most significant current environmental issues and sources of potential liabilities associated
with the Quiruvilca Mine are metal-laden acid water discharged from the mine, acid rock drainage
from the mines tailings and waste rock deposit areas and the containment and stability of mine
tailings ponds. All acid water discharged from the Quiruvilca Mine is either treated at the mines
High Density Sludge plant, or by passive systems. All streams permitted to receive discharged
effluents are monitored and reported. PASQ has been very diligent and throughout 2006 did not have
any reportable incidents where discharge limits were exceeded.
28
7. Accessibility, Climate, Local Resources, Infrastructure and Physiography
7.1 Accessibility
Access to the property is via a 137 km road from Trujillo. While the first 65km are paved, the
remaining 72km is via gravel roads. However, a project to upgrade the remaining stretch of gravel
to asphalt is proposed for 2007-2008, with the majority of the proposed work being paid for by
Barrick Gold Corporation (Barrick) to provide access to their Alto Chicama mine.
7.2 Climate And Physiography
The relief at the mine site is hilly and uneven with local slopes of more than sixty degrees,
typical of the Peruvian Andes (Photograph 1). Natural vegetation is mainly grasses which form
meadows. These meadows have permitted development of varied livestock operations.
The climate at the mine site is classified as cold climate or boreal. Average minimum and
maximum temperatures in the region range from 5.7 to 14.8 degrees Celsius. One of the
characteristics of this climate is wet summers (highest rainfall occurs from January to April) and
dry winters. The Quiruvilca Mine operates throughout the entire year.
The Quiruvilca Mine property is geographically centered at 8°1S and 78°21W in the Andes mountain
range above the tree line at elevations ranging from 3,450 to 4,075 m above sea level.
Photograph 1: Landscape looking north from the Shorey Milling Facility, taken September 2007.
29
7.3 Local Resources and Infrastructure
7.3.1 Manpower
As of December 31, 2006, PASQ employed 890 persons (375 permanent and 515 temporary) in connection
with the operation of the Quiruvilca Mine. Approximately 278 of the workers employed by PASQ are
members of either the Sindicato de Trabajadores de Pan American Silver S.A.C. Mina Quiruvilca
(Quiruvilca Union) or the Sindicato de Trabajadores de Shorey y Anexos (Shorey Union).
7.3.2 Infastructure
The mine is accessed by four adits driven into the side of the mountain at elevations ranging from
3,648m to 3,870m. An operating shaft services the workings above the 220 level. Ore and waste from
these upper levels is gravity fed down ore and waste passes to the 220 level.
Construction of a mine deepening program is underway to develop major veins in the southern area of
the property to the 400 and 460 levels. This program includes the development of an inclined shaft
between the 400 level and the 340 level. Another shaft accesses ore below the 220 level in the
North Zone, this shaft has been flooded to the 220 level since 2003; however, the hoist room is
above the current water table and the hoist is kept on a care and maintenance basis.
The milling facilities are located in Shorey, a small community centered at approx. 77,650E and
33,100N (local mine coordinates) as shown in Figure 6-2. Major components of the mill were
installed in the 1950s and 1960s, with the exception of the primary grinding circuit that was
installed in 1981. The components have been well maintained and other minor upgrades have been
added. There are no major capital investments planned in the mill for the next three years.
The mill flow sheet consists of three-stage-crushing, ball mill grinding and selective flotation of
the ore to produce copper, lead and zinc concentrates, followed by thickening and filtering of the
concentrates.
In 2006, daily treatment averaged 1,287 tonnes and the current daily throughput in 2007 is 1,150
tonnes, with the mill working six days a week. In 2006, the concentrator plant processed 370,115
tonnes of ore.
There is extensive piping that collects acidic water from mine workings and various surface
run-offs to the mines High Density Sludge neutralization plant, located at the entrance of the
Almirvilca tunnel. The treatment plant capacity is being upgraded from a capacity of 400
m3/hr to 550 m3/hr, with an approximate capital expenditure of $225,000.
Sediments collected from this process are either sent to tailings, used as hydraulic backfill in
old mine workings, or are used in the ongoing concurrent reclamation program.
The final tailings from the mill are pumped to the Santa Catalina tailings impoundment. The
capacity of this dam is being expanded and is projected to be completed by the end of 2007 to
ensure the life of mine requirements presented in this Technical Report can be met. The old San
Felipe impoundment receives sludge from the High Density Sludge plant and a small raise in dam
height is planned for 2008.
The primary source of power for the Quiruvilca Mine is the Peruvian national power grid via a 138
kV line from the city of Trujillo to the Motil substation. A 33 kV line connects the mine site to
the Motil substation. PASQ owns and operates a diesel generating system, which provides a back up
source of power for the Quiruvilca Mine.
30
7.3.3 Water Supply
Quiruvilca draws its process water from several sources, which vary seasonally depending on
reservoir levels.
La Merced Creek: The cheapest and cleanest fresh water supply is located directly south of the
Santa Catalina tailings impoundment. It is gravity fed over a relatively short distance; however,
the creek does not run during the dry season.
Purida River: This river feeds the Shorey water tanks that feeds the mill and camps. There is a
pump station close to where the river passes underneath the road, right before Shorey Village.
Santa Catalina Tailings Impoundment: Reclaim water is pumped from the toe of the main dam during
the dry season.
Almiranta Reservoir: The reservoir collects water in its catchment area during the rainy season
and feeds the mine and town of Quiruvilca by gravity. A project to increase the height of the
retaining structure is planned by PASQ in 2008 pending confirmation of surface rights from Barrick,
who holds the surface rights for this area.
Los Angeles Lake: This lake is pumped via a steel pipeline to the Almiranta Reservoir during the
dry season as the reservoir empties. There is a capital request to replace this pipeline in 2008.
Mr. Martin Wafforn, P.Eng, one of the authors of this Technical Report, has verified that the
water quality and water supply is sufficient for the Quiruvilca mining operation.
31
8. History
8.1 Discovery
Mineralization was first reported in the area of the Quiruvilca Mine in 1789 as part of the Porcon
Farm. Small-scale silver mining in the area was carried on from the 1870s until 1924. However,
some workings may be observed on the surface that were typical of the Spanish and Portuguese during
the Viceregal Years (ie, during the 1540s).
8.2 ASARCO Incorporated
From 1925 to 1995, the Quiruvilca property was mined by Northern Peru Mining and Smelting Co
(NPMS), a wholly own subsidiary of ASARCO Incorporated (ASARCO). Initially, mining by NPMS
focused on the copper bearing veins, but gradually, focus was shifted to veins in the Zinc-Lead
Zone.
Operations were shut down in 1931 and re-opened in 1940 with the construction of a flotation plant.
By March 1967, the mill started to treat complex ores producing copper, lead and zinc concentrates.
8.3 Pan American Silver
8.3.1 Pan American Acquisition of Quiruvilca Mine
The Quiruvilca Mine was PAS first producing mine.
During August 1995, PAS acquired 80% of the outstanding voting shares (representing a 53.3% total
equity interest) in the Quiruvilca Mine from NPMS, and between September 1995 and March 1996, it
increased its interest to 100% of the outstanding voting shares and 99.7% of the total outstanding
equity.
When PASQ first purchased Quiruvilca, ASARCO was granted a 20% royalty on net profit, which was
purchased by Coeur dAlene Mines Corp in 1999. PAS purchased the royalty in 2000 for 140,000 common
shares, 100,000 share purchase warrants exercisable for three years at $5 per share, and $50,000
cash.
Since 1995, PAS has undertaken a program of capital and non-operating expenditures at the
Quiruvilca Mine to improve its operations, ensure compliance with its Program for Environmental
Remediation and Management (PAMA), and reduce operating costs.
By the end of 1996, PAS had flattened the Quiruvilca Mine management structure, reducing the
original six levels of management between the Mine Superintendent and the front line supervisors or
shift bosses to a maximum of three levels, to streamline the organization and improve communication
in the management structure. PAS also improved the mines geology department, so that stopes were
mapped and sampled after every blast to provide a better understanding of vein width and grade
variation and to make reserve calculation a more relevant tool for mine planning. Since September
1995, PAS has increased the size of this department from two to five full-time geologists. The
mines geology department now provides a full grade control function.
32
On March 25, 2004, PASQ sold 6,839 hectares of mining concessions and surface rights in the
vicinity of the Quiruvilca Mine to Barrick for $3,582,575 and for the assumption of $67,425 of
payments owing in respect of these mining concessions.
During 2006, capital expenditures were approximately $1.9 million and consisted of equipment
replacement and improvements totalling $0.5 million, mine development and deepening to the 400
level totalling $0.5 million, and definition drilling in the north zone of the mine totalling $0.9
million. An additional $0.8 million was allocated towards ongoing closure expenditures.
PAS has a budgeted capital program totalling $4.5 million for 2007 at the Quiruvilca Mine
consisting primarily of $1.7 million for mine development and equipment, $0.2 million in the mill,
$0.9 million for maintenance, $0.1 million towards safety, and $1.6 million for other projects,
including the expansion of the Santa Catalina tailings dam. A further $0.3 million is planned for
ongoing reclamation.
Total production at the Quiruvilca Mine, from 1990 to 2006, is reported in Table 8-1.
Table 8-1: Production history since 1990 at the Quiruvilca Mine
MILL PRODUCTION AT QUIRUVILCA MINE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Silver |
|
|
Copper |
|
|
Lead |
|
|
Zinc |
|
|
Tonnes of Concentrate |
|
|
|
Tonnes Milled |
|
|
(ounces) |
|
|
(tonnes) |
|
|
(tonnes) |
|
|
(tonnes) |
|
|
Copper |
|
|
Lead |
|
|
Zinc |
|
2006 |
|
|
370,115 |
|
|
|
2,105,457 |
|
|
|
1,334 |
|
|
|
2,574 |
|
|
|
8,712 |
|
|
|
6,665 |
|
|
|
4,669 |
|
|
|
15,649 |
|
2005 |
|
|
362,192 |
|
|
|
2,234,838 |
|
|
|
1,307 |
|
|
|
2,761 |
|
|
|
9,697 |
|
|
|
7,017 |
|
|
|
5,109 |
|
|
|
17,347 |
|
2004 |
|
|
381,237 |
|
|
|
2,536,030 |
|
|
|
1,081 |
|
|
|
3,797 |
|
|
|
11,709 |
|
|
|
6,357 |
|
|
|
6,710 |
|
|
|
20,639 |
|
2003 |
|
|
442,093 |
|
|
|
2,493,909 |
|
|
|
1,811 |
|
|
|
4,361 |
|
|
|
12,509 |
|
|
|
7,153 |
|
|
|
7,495 |
|
|
|
22,230 |
|
2002 |
|
|
508,352 |
|
|
|
2,509,691 |
|
|
|
1,108 |
|
|
|
6,469 |
|
|
|
17,853 |
|
|
|
4,715 |
|
|
|
11,020 |
|
|
|
30,770 |
|
2001 |
|
|
568,451 |
|
|
|
3,259,372 |
|
|
|
1,204 |
|
|
|
8,358 |
|
|
|
21,008 |
|
|
|
5,489 |
|
|
|
13,963 |
|
|
|
36,146 |
|
2000 |
|
|
615,382 |
|
|
|
3,612,156 |
|
|
|
1,215 |
|
|
|
8,735 |
|
|
|
24,461 |
|
|
|
6,067 |
|
|
|
1,484 |
|
|
|
41,928 |
|
1999 |
|
|
652,584 |
|
|
|
3,237,887 |
|
|
|
1,098 |
|
|
|
7,325 |
|
|
|
23,334 |
|
|
|
5,404 |
|
|
|
12,064 |
|
|
|
39,922 |
|
1998 |
|
|
537,705 |
|
|
|
3,111,472 |
|
|
|
1,058 |
|
|
|
6,124 |
|
|
|
2,238 |
|
|
|
5,626 |
|
|
|
10,265 |
|
|
|
38,415 |
|
1997 |
|
|
580,560 |
|
|
|
2,834,166 |
|
|
|
1,281 |
|
|
|
5,581 |
|
|
|
22,597 |
|
|
|
6,174 |
|
|
|
9,148 |
|
|
|
38,793 |
|
1996 |
|
|
459,660 |
|
|
|
2,617,645 |
|
|
|
1,152 |
|
|
|
5,231 |
|
|
|
19,457 |
|
|
|
5,988 |
|
|
|
8,414 |
|
|
|
34,603 |
|
1995 |
|
|
452,720 |
|
|
|
2,505,854 |
|
|
|
878 |
|
|
|
5,499 |
|
|
|
17,663 |
|
|
|
4,159 |
|
|
|
8,772 |
|
|
|
31,742 |
|
1994 |
|
|
465,499 |
|
|
|
2,650,248 |
|
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
6,270 |
|
|
|
18,687 |
|
|
|
2,350 |
|
|
|
10,116 |
|
|
|
32,698 |
|
1993 |
|
|
398,705 |
|
|
|
2,268,305 |
|
|
|
240 |
|
|
|
5,482 |
|
|
|
16,878 |
|
|
|
1,408 |
|
|
|
9,047 |
|
|
|
29,731 |
|
1992 |
|
|
339,268 |
|
|
|
1,794,588 |
|
|
|
194 |
|
|
|
3,812 |
|
|
|
12,443 |
|
|
|
1,096 |
|
|
|
6,660 |
|
|
|
22,348 |
|
1991 |
|
|
383,884 |
|
|
|
2,449,326 |
|
|
|
471 |
|
|
|
4,345 |
|
|
|
13,615 |
|
|
|
2,597 |
|
|
|
7,928 |
|
|
|
24,452 |
|
1990 |
|
|
417,048 |
|
|
|
2,447,259 |
|
|
|
276 |
|
|
|
4,696 |
|
|
|
15,326 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
8,623 |
|
|
|
27,614 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7,935,455 |
|
|
|
44,668,203 |
|
|
|
16,098 |
|
|
|
91,420 |
|
|
|
268,187 |
|
|
|
81,027 |
|
|
|
141,487 |
|
|
|
505,027 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Prior to Pan American Silver acquisition. |
33
9. Geogolgy
9.1 Regional Geology
The regional geology is dominated by the Lower Cretaceous to Tertiary sedimentary sequence of the
Zaña group, equivalent to the Goyllarisquizga Group in central Peru which contains the Chimu,
Santa, Carrhuaz and Farrat Formations. At the transition of Lower to Upper Cretaceous time, the
limestones of the Chulec, Pariatambo and Huaylas Formations were deposited. The continental and
marine sedimentary sequence was later covered by the Calipuy Volcanics containing up to 2,000 m of
flows and pyroclastic breccias, which range from rhyolitic to dacitic composition at the base and
more andesitic composition at the top and are intercalated by lacustrine sediments. See Figure 9-1
for a map of regional geology.
The Calipuy Formation in northern Peru is of important economic significance hosting a large part
of the gold mineralization.
The entire sedimentary sequence was later affected by a NE-SW oriented compressional event causing
NW-SE striking folding and thrust faults.
The main intrusive rock formation in northern Peru is the Coastal Batholith of Cretaceous -
Tertiary age, comprising of granodiorite with variations to diorite, granite and tonalites, forming
a 20 to 50 km NW-SE striking band along the Peruvian coast. Other minor and more recent intrusives
may be observed in the region; their composition varies from granodiorite to diorite.
Mineral deposition in the area has been generally categorized into the following five groups
(outlined in Figure 9-2), all of which maintain a noticeable NW-SE strike, parallel to the Andean
mountain range.
1. |
|
Polymetallic Veins deposits (Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn): including Quiruvilca, Salpo, Sayapuyo, Algamarca
and Hualgayoc. |
|
2. |
|
Epithermal Gold deposits (Au-Ag): high and low sulphidation; the following deposits have been
identified from North to South: Tantahuatay, La Zanja, Sipan, Yanacocha, El Toro, Minaspampa,
La Arena, La Virgen, Los Angeles, Tres Cruces, Santa Rosa, Sol de Oro and extending South up
to Pierina in Ancash. |
|
3. |
|
Porphyry Copper (Cu-Au) deposits: including Michiquillay, Sorochuco, La Granja, Cañariaco,
Minas Congas, El Galeno and Cerro Corona in Cajamarca, and the Río Blanco project in Piura,
near the border with Ecuador. |
|
4. |
|
Eastern band of Au-Veins: emplaced in the Pataz Batholith and the Marañon Complex, including
the Poderosa, Horizonte, Retamas, Buldibuyo and Pagrasho deposits. |
|
5. |
|
Missipssippi Valley Type deposits (Zn-Pb): including Bongara in the north and San Vicente
mine in central Peru. |
34
9.2 Local Geology
The oldest rocks exposed in the Quiruvilca area are the Lower Cretaceous clastic sediments of the
Chimu Formation outcropping in the NE of the deposit, which form the basement rocks for the later
deposition of the volcanic sequence. The mineralization is hosted by the Calipuy Formation, an
extensive oligocene to miocene intrusive-extrusive andesite sequence with an estimated thickness
of up to 2,000 m. At Quiruvilca the Calipuy Formation consist of porphyritic andesite flows and
flow breccias intercalated by thin basalt flows and tuffaceous lacustrine sediments. The
geological environment of the district is interpreted as the central facies of an andesitic
strato-volcano complex based on the presence of andesitic plugs, numerous dikes, stocks of
andesitic to dacitic composition and on the radial orientation of flows, flow breccias and tuffs
dipping away from the andesitic plugs (Bartos, 1987). A sectional representation of the local
geology is shown in Figure 9-3.
A quartz monzonite porphyry stock is exposed 2.5 km to the north of the district but is cut by
later Pb/Zn/Ag veins, hence of pre-mineralization age. The central zone of the deposits hosts
several sericitized dacite stocks and dikes which are believed to be linked to the mineralization.
Later on, the area was intruded by a series of unmineralized dacitic domes postdating the
mineralization.
Veins are contained in two steeply dipping fracture sets, one trending N60°-70° E, the other N85°
E. The N85° E fracture set is part of a set of regional strike-slip faults, centered at Quiruvilca,
extending for over 16 km along strike. Figure 9-4 illustrates the orientation of the local
structural deformation.
A stratiographic section is provided in Figure 9-5.
35
10. Deposit Types
Quiruvilca is a large polymetallic vein deposit with over 130 different mineralized structures. The
mineralization at Quiruvilca is contained in a series of narrow veins filling fractures and faults.
Although narrow, the veins at Quiruvilca tend to have an extensive lateral and vertical continuity
with abundant splits, cymoid loops, and pinch and swell structures. In some places, the veins show
wider ore shoots connected to thinner sub-economic to non-economic zones. Mineralized structures
vary in width from thin stringers up to 2 m wide veins.
Veins are typically coarse grained and massive, but in some cases, are vuggy. In many places, there
is a well-developed banding in the vein caused by aggregates of sulphides and gangue. The main
veins are mostly E-W striking, are more continuous, and have wider widths. Examples include
Almiranta, Elisa and Luz Angelica veins, among others. There is a second system of smaller, NE-SW
striking tensional veins such as Cieneguilla, Papelillo, Dina, Huasco, Zoila Gata, Compañías
veins, among others. Secondary veins and branches also exist; however they, are of limited length,
depth, and thicknesses.
Mineralized zones have been confirmed by diamond drilling up to 500 m deep, with further
possibility of greater vertical extensions at depth, all within the Calipuy group. Large parts of
the main structures have been exploited or have been in production for a long time; hence, more of
the current and planned mining activities are focused on tensional and secondary veins.
36
11. Mineralization
Mineralization in Quiruvilca was emplaced in the previously existing faults and fractures
cross-cutting the volcanic host rock., which were formed by several mineralization pulses or
periods. Paragenesis for the entire district exhibits four sequential
stages of deposition1:
|
|
Pyrite Stage: quartz, pyrite. |
|
|
|
Base Metal Stage: arsenopyrite, galena, enargite, tetrahedrite-tennantite, sphalerite,
pyrite, chalcopyrite, stannite, and chatkalite
(Cu6FeSn2S8). |
|
|
|
Sulfosalt Stage: alabandite, marcasite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, quartz, manganaxinite
(Ca2Mn2+Al2[OH|BSi4O15]), clinozoisite,
stibnite, robinsonite, jamesonite, barite, orpiment, realgar, hutchinsonite, geocronite,
native arsenic, seligmanite, Pb-As-S glass. |
|
|
|
Carbonate Stage: manganoan calcite, rhodochrosite, dolomite, calcite, quartz. |
Four mineralized zones can be distinctly recognized, spanning radial outwards in rough oval shaped
rings. Ores in the central part of the district are mesothermal and dominated by enargite. The
zones from the center outwards are the Enargite Zone, Transition Zone, Lead-Zinc Zone, and Stibnite
Zone as shown in Figure 11-1 with respect to the town of Quiruvilca. Mineralization transitions to
epithermal filling between the Transition Zone and Lead-Zinc Zone boundary. Most (~70%) of the
mining in the past few years has been from veins in the Lead-Zinc Zone.
The paragenesis notably concurs with the fracturing process and thus, horizontal zoning is highly
differentiated (see Figure 11-1 and Figure 11-2). Despite the segregated distribution of metallic
content, there are consistent metallic constituents present throughout the deposit, indicative of
their common source.
The hydrothermal process has affected the surrounding rock close to the veins with sericitization
in various degrees. As distance from the vein increases, the predominate alteration of the rock
mass become argilzation and further away, becomes propylitization.
|
|
|
1 |
|
Stages of deposition are cited from
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3672/is_/ai_n8763174/pg_7Mineralogical
Record.FindArticles.com. 26 Oct. 2007.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3672/is_/ai_n8763174 |
37
11.1 Mineral Zoning
Following are short descriptions of the mineralized zones at Quiruvilca:
ENARGITE ZONE
Surface Dimensions: Approx. 2,800 m E-W and 700m N-S
Mineralization Mechanism: Mesothermal
Ore Bearing Minerals: Enargite-pyrite and to a lesser extent chalcopyrite, tennantite,
tetrahedrite, sphalerite, galena, hutchinsonite.
Gangue: Barite
TRANSITION ZONE
Surface Dimensions: Up to 1400 m wide around the peripheral of the Enargite Zone.
Mineralization Mechanism: Mesothermal to epithermal
Ore Bearing Minerals: Sphalerite, pyrite, tetrahedrite-tennantite and to a lesser extent galena,
marcasite, arsenopyrite, covellite and wurtzite.
LEAD-ZINC ZONE
Surface Dimensions: From 1,000 to 3,000m in width from Transition Zone boundary.
Mineralization Mechanism: Epithermal
Ore Bearing Minerals: Sphalerite and galena and to a lesser extent pyrite, chalcopyrite,
tetrahedritetennantite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, gratonite, and wurzite.
STIBNITE ZONE
Surface Dimensions: (larger than 1,000 m from Lead-Zinc zone boundary with irregular shape)
Mineralization Mechanism: Epithermal deposit
Ore Bearing Minerals: Stibnite and arsenopyrite and to a small extent pyrite, sphalerite and galena.
Gangue: Rhodochrosite and quartz.
38
11.2 Characterization Of Major Veins
Current mining at Quiruvilca is concentrated in two areas categorized as the North Zone and South
Zone. Each zone is further categorized into mining areas based on mining access and infrastructure.
The general mine scheme is shown in Figure 11-3. The mineralogy of the main veins in production are
characterized as follows:
Compania Centro
|
|
|
General Strike:
|
|
Varies |
Average Dip:
|
|
Varies |
Average Width:
|
|
Varies |
Economic Minerals:
|
|
Sphalerite (40%), Tetrahedrite (20%), Galena (20%) |
Ganague Minerals:
|
|
Pyrite (10%), Carbonates (10%) |
Texture of Mineralization:
|
|
Massive and earthy with brittle subhedral phaneritic grains. |
Lithological Matrix:
|
|
Varies |
Comments:
|
|
Vein has been exposed to the 400 level with a noticeable
increase in zinc grades. |
Luz Angelica
|
|
|
General Strike:
|
|
East to West |
Average Dip:
|
|
75 ° |
Average Width:
|
|
0.61 m |
Economic Minerals:
|
|
Sphalerite (25%), Tetrahedrite (10%), Galena (20%) |
Ganague Minerals:
|
|
Pyrite (20%), Calcium and Magnesium Carbonates (10%), Quartz (15%) |
Texture of Mineralization:
|
|
Massive, compact, and granular. |
Lithological Matrix:
|
|
Tuff and pyroclastic breach of andesite composite. |
Comments:
|
|
This has been one of the main production veins in recent years. |
Eva
|
|
|
General Strike:
|
|
Varies |
Average Dip:
|
|
Varies |
Average Width:
|
|
Varies |
Economic Minerals:
|
|
Sphalerite (25%), Tetrahedrite (15%), Galena (20%) |
Ganague Minerals:
|
|
Pyrite (30%), Carbonates & Quartz (10%) |
Texture of Mineralization:
|
|
Massive and compact with subhedral grains of pyrite. |
Lithological Matrix:
|
|
Varies |
Comments:
|
|
Production is on 400 level and planned for 460 level. |
Betsy
|
|
|
General Strike:
|
|
Varies |
Average Dip:
|
|
Varies |
Average Width:
|
|
Varies |
Economic Minerals:
|
|
Sphalerite (30%), Tetrahedrite (10%), Galena (10%), Enargite (10%) |
Ganague Minerals:
|
|
Pyrite (15%), Quartz (15%), Carbonates (10%) |
Texture of Mineralization:
|
|
Massive and compact sphalerite and tetrahedrite bands with
enargite inbetween. |
Lithological Matrix:
|
|
Varies |
Comments:
|
|
The vein is being mined in the upper levels and although the vein
has good grades the presence of enargite means that production
needs to be controlled and blended. |
Dina
|
|
|
General Strike:
|
|
Varies |
Average Dip:
|
|
Varies |
Average Width:
|
|
Varies |
Economic Minerals:
|
|
Sphalerite (30%), Tetrahedrite (10%), Galena (10%) |
Ganague Minerals:
|
|
Pyrite (25%), Quartz (10%), Dolomite (10%), Rhonodite (10%) |
Texture of Mineralization:
|
|
Varies |
Lithological Matrix:
|
|
Varies |
Comments:
|
|
Vein has good widths and silver grades. The mine plan for
2008 includes mining in-part (where grades are higher)
below the 220 level. |
39
Elisa
|
|
|
General Strike:
|
|
Varies |
Average Dip:
|
|
Varies |
Average Width:
|
|
Varies |
Economic Minerals:
|
|
Tetrahedrite (15%), Calchopyrite (10%), Enargite (10%) |
Ganague Minerals:
|
|
Pyrite (50%), Quartz (15%) |
Texture of Mineralization:
|
|
Varies |
Lithological Matrix:
|
|
Varies |
Comments:
|
|
Vein has good widths and silver grades. The mine plan
for 2008 includes mining in-part (where grades are
higher) below the 220 level. |
Claudia
|
|
|
General Strike:
|
|
N 60 ° E |
Average Dip:
|
|
65-70 ° |
Average Width:
|
|
0.70 m |
Economic Minerals:
|
|
Tetrahedrite (20%), Enargite (10%) |
Ganague Minerals:
|
|
Pyrite (65%), Quartz (5%) |
Texture of Mineralization:
|
|
Massive with crystallized bands of pyrite and tetrahedrite. |
Lithological Matrix:
|
|
Pyroclastic breach of andesite composite. |
Comments:
|
|
This is a high grade silver vein, but with presence of enargite. |
Zoila Gata
|
|
|
General Strike:
|
|
N 50 ° E |
Average Dip:
|
|
65-70 ° |
Average Width:
|
|
0.79 m |
Economic Minerals:
|
|
Sphalerite (40%), Tetrahedrite (10%), Galena (10%) |
Ganague Minerals:
|
|
Pyrite (20%), Other (20%) |
Texture of Mineralization:
|
|
Massive and banded with well defined subhedral
phaneritic pyrite and sphalerite strips. |
Lithological Matrix:
|
|
Tuff and pyroclastic breach of andesite composite. |
Comments:
|
|
Primarily valuable for its zinc content, this
vein is often massive sulphide. The zinc grades
are increasing with depth and the silver grades
are decreasing. |
40
12. Exploration
Historically, there has been over 172,000 m drilled on the Quiruvilca property, as summarized in
Table 12-1, and there are over 134,400 channel samples stored in the database. Mineralized
structures in the central area of the property are well-understood through past mapping, drilling
and mining. Given the nature of the life of mine plan (4 years), the recent realization of higher
metal prices is the driver of the mine. As such, the focus of recent exploration work has been
limited to extending and delineating known veins. The concept is to extend the life of the mine
while utilizing existing infrastructure to minimize development costs. There is a large potential
for increasing mineral reserves and resources below the 400 level, as well as finding additional
splits and sigmoidal loops branching off known veins.
This Technical Report, with the objective of updating the mineral resources and mineral reserves,
does not pertain to any of the historical exploration surveying, mapping or sampling of the
surface. The relevant exploration work done pertaining to the mineral resource and reserve
estimates are interpreted from surface drilling of HQ and NQ cores, underground drilling of NQ and
BQ cores, and underground channel samples.
Table 12-1: Historical dimaond drilling for exploration and delineation at Quiruvilca.
QUIRUVILCAS HISTORICAL DRILLING
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
YEAR |
|
# Holes Drilled |
|
|
Metres Drilled |
|
1926 - 1995 |
|
|
447 |
|
|
|
56,378.31 |
|
1995 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
1,788.08 |
|
1996 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
|
3,474.54 |
|
1997 |
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
8,900.51 |
|
1998 |
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
8,686.50 |
|
1999 |
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
9,872.05 |
|
2000 |
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
15,236.30 |
|
2001 |
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
15,188.80 |
|
2002 |
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
15,246.28 |
|
2003 |
|
|
33 |
|
|
|
4,639.78 |
|
2004 |
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
5,691.90 |
|
2005 |
|
|
89 |
|
|
|
10,652.92 |
|
2006 |
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
10,561.85 |
|
2007 (Sept) |
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
6,127.75 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
1,327 |
|
|
|
172,445.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All recent diamond drilling since 2005 has been executed by MDH S.A.C, a Peruvian contractor, or by
Quiruvilcas own exploration crew, under the directions and supervision of a PASQ geologist. During
2006, a total of 10,562 m of drilling was executed.
All channel sampling is done by PASQ employed samplers, who have successfully undergone PASQ sample
training. Samplers are part of the on-site geology department and are directly supervised by a
qualified geologist. During 2006, there was 3,774 m of drifting for mineral reserve delineation and
access for mining.
41
The principal structures explored by PASQ in 2006 and 2007 on the Quiruvilca property are:: Zoila
Gata, Compania Centro, Luz Angelica, Eva, Betsy, Dina, Elisa, and Claudia. These veins were
described in section 11.2.
42
13. Drilling
Exploration at the Quiruvilca property is conducted using a combination of diamond drilling and
underground drifting. Two to three diamond drills are in continuous operation at the property,
drilling holes between 50 and 350 m length. Drill core recoveries are generally high and averaged
98% for the surface and 97% for the underground drilling. Positive exploration results are
followed by underground drifting and cross-cutting at 70 metre spacing prior to the stope
development.
In March 2006 an exploration program was initiated on the Elisa Vein, Jose Godoy, Chimborazo, Jose
Godoy Split, and Recuperada veins as shown on Figure 13-1. The program consisted of diamond coring
32 surface holes and 39 underground holes spanning a topographic area of 48 ha. MDH S.A.C, a third
party contractor, was retained to perform the drilling under the direction of the site geologist
using two drill rigs: a CS-1000 for surface drilling and an Explorer Plus N° 20 for underground
drilling.
The program completed 13 surface holes for a total of 2,295 m and an additional 15 underground
holes for a total of 1,330 m. Surface drill holes varied from 184 to 305 m length at inclinations
between 36°to 82°, while underground drill-holes were oriented 0° to -33° (referenced to the
horizontal axis) of 45 to 154 m lengths. Specific details on the completed drill-holes are listed
in Table 13-1, assays results are listed in Table 13-2 and 3, and drill-hole sections are shown in
Figures 13-2A to 13-2G. Only about 50% of the original program was completed as the information was
sufficient for a first pass mineral resource estimation. A detailed infill drill program will
start at the beginning of 2008.
The remaining 6,937 m of the 2006 drill program was executed in the main production area for infill
drilling and lateral vein extension.
Surveys of the drill-hole collars are completed and verified by the engineering department using
total station survey instruments. Inclination of the holes are determined by the geologist in the
field using a compass to verify the working angle of the drill rods. Down-hole surveys are not used
as the holes are generally short and considering the good rock mass quality (with RQD >70), it
is assumed that potential deviations are very minor.
Drill hole orientations are planned in order to intersect the targeted vein at an angle as close to
90° as possible. The strike and dip angle of most target veins are known and the true width of a
drill intersect can be easily calculated for day to day reporting purposes using trigometric
functions. Hole collar information as well as hole lengths, rock types, sampling results and RQD
information are loaded into the Datamine database and converted into true width by the software
used for mineral resource estimation.
Drill cores are placed in corrugated polyethylene core boxes and transported to the core logging
facility on site. The boxes are properly marked and numbered by the drill crews and tags are
inserted to indicate the drill depths. After receiving the core, logging is initiated by the
geology department. In the first step, the responsible geologist measures the core length between
two tags and calculates the core recovery by comparing the core length to the tag depths.
Afterwards fracture density is recorded in order to determine the rock quality (RQD). Lithology,
structures and alterations are logged and the geologist indicates sampling intervals on the core.
43
Cores are split in half using a saw with a diamond blade. One half of the core is sent for analysis
to the on site laboratory and the other half is stored in the same corrugated polyethylene core
boxes in a safe, on-site location.
Logging information is entered into the DHLogger software where it is automatically combined with
the sampling results from the lab using the Fusion software. Log sheets are printed out for each
hole and stored on-site. The electronic database with all the logging information is periodically
backed up by the IT department.
44
Table 13-1: of drill-hole locations and survey from 2006 exploration program of Elisa vein.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drill Hole ID |
|
Drilling Unit |
|
Level |
|
Northing |
|
|
Easting |
|
|
Elevation |
|
|
Azimuth |
|
|
Dip |
|
|
Depth |
|
|
Start Date |
|
End Date |
SURFACE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Qv- 0001-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,815 |
|
|
|
795,969 |
|
|
|
3,963 |
|
|
|
183º |
|
|
|
-36 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
6/10/2006 |
|
6/15/2006 |
Qv- 0002-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,815 |
|
|
|
795,970 |
|
|
|
3,963 |
|
|
|
183º |
|
|
|
-76 |
|
|
|
279 |
|
|
6/15/2006 |
|
6/21/2006 |
Qv- 0003-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,833 |
|
|
|
795,867 |
|
|
|
3,953 |
|
|
|
183º |
|
|
|
-36 |
|
|
|
290.2 |
|
|
6/22/2006 |
|
7/2/2006 |
Qv- 0004-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,835 |
|
|
|
795,867 |
|
|
|
3,953 |
|
|
|
183º |
|
|
|
-68 |
|
|
|
263.1 |
|
|
7/3/2006 |
|
7/9/2006 |
Qv- 0005-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,702 |
|
|
|
795,763 |
|
|
|
3,959 |
|
|
|
183º |
|
|
|
-36 |
|
|
|
294.95 |
|
|
7/10/2006 |
|
7/19/2006 |
Qv- 0006-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,704 |
|
|
|
795,763 |
|
|
|
3,959 |
|
|
|
183º |
|
|
|
-65 |
|
|
|
305.2 |
|
|
7/19/2006 |
|
7/26/2006 |
Qv- 0007-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,779 |
|
|
|
795,668 |
|
|
|
3,942 |
|
|
|
181º |
|
|
|
-35 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
7/28/2006 |
|
8/3/2006 |
Qv- 0008-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,781 |
|
|
|
795,668 |
|
|
|
3,942 |
|
|
|
181º |
|
|
|
-82 |
|
|
|
245.45 |
|
|
8/4/2006 |
|
8/7/2006 |
Qv- 0009-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,852 |
|
|
|
796,071 |
|
|
|
3,962 |
|
|
|
180º |
|
|
|
-46 |
|
|
|
184 |
|
|
8/8/2006 |
|
8/11/2006 |
Qv- 0010-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,845 |
|
|
|
795,777 |
|
|
|
3,943 |
|
|
|
173º |
|
|
|
-45 |
|
|
|
202.5 |
|
|
8/11/2006 |
|
8/14/2006 |
Qv- 0011-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,846 |
|
|
|
795,777 |
|
|
|
3,943 |
|
|
|
173º |
|
|
|
-74 |
|
|
|
230.3 |
|
|
8/15/2006 |
|
8/17/2006 |
Qv- 0012-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,853 |
|
|
|
795,969 |
|
|
|
3,935 |
|
|
|
180º |
|
|
|
-44 |
|
|
|
160.5 |
|
|
8/18/2006 |
|
8/19/2006 |
Qv- 0013-S-06 |
|
L-1000 |
|
Surface |
|
|
9,115,853 |
|
|
|
795,969 |
|
|
|
3,962 |
|
|
|
175º |
|
|
|
-67 |
|
|
|
239.15 |
|
|
8/20/2006 |
|
8/22/2006 |
UNDERGROUND |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Qv- 0060-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
100 |
|
|
9,115,432 |
|
|
|
796,849 |
|
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
355º |
|
|
Horiz |
|
|
92.60 |
|
|
7/24/2006 |
|
7/27/2006 |
Qv- 0062-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
100 |
|
|
9,115,431 |
|
|
|
796,849 |
|
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
290º |
|
|
Horiz |
|
|
100.00 |
|
|
7/28/2006 |
|
8/17/2006 |
Qv- 0063-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
100 |
|
|
9,115,427 |
|
|
|
796,883 |
|
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
326º |
|
|
Horiz |
|
|
58.80 |
|
|
7/8/2006 |
|
8/10/2006 |
Qv- 0068-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
100 |
|
|
9,115,431 |
|
|
|
796,849 |
|
|
|
3,771 |
|
|
|
328º |
|
|
|
-19 |
|
|
|
154.30 |
|
|
8/18/2006 |
|
8/21/2006 |
Qv- 0070-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
100 |
|
|
9,115,432 |
|
|
|
795,850 |
|
|
|
3,771 |
|
|
|
347º |
|
|
|
-12 |
|
|
|
150.50 |
|
|
8/22/2006 |
|
8/24/2006 |
Qv- 0072-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
50 |
|
|
9,115,560 |
|
|
|
796,842 |
|
|
|
3,838 |
|
|
|
19º |
|
|
|
-33 |
|
|
|
45.90 |
|
|
8/26/2006 |
|
8/30/2006 |
Qv- 0078-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
50 |
|
|
9,115,557 |
|
|
|
796,840 |
|
|
|
3,839 |
|
|
|
290º |
|
|
|
-1 |
|
|
|
50.65 |
|
|
8/30/2006 |
|
9/1/2006 |
Qv- 0079-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
160 |
|
|
9,115,462 |
|
|
|
796,967 |
|
|
|
3,715 |
|
|
|
322º |
|
|
Horiz |
|
|
151.20 |
|
|
8/31/2006 |
|
9/16/2006 |
Qv- 0080-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
50 |
|
|
9,115,557 |
|
|
|
796,841 |
|
|
|
3,839 |
|
|
|
309º |
|
|
|
-39 |
|
|
|
50.20 |
|
|
9/1/2006 |
|
9/9/2006 |
Qv- 0081-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
50 |
|
|
9,115,558 |
|
|
|
796,841 |
|
|
|
3,941 |
|
|
|
309º |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
55.00 |
|
|
9/10/2006 |
|
9/14/2006 |
Qv- 0082-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
50 |
|
|
9,115,558 |
|
|
|
796,841 |
|
|
|
3,941 |
|
|
|
9º |
|
|
|
52 |
|
|
|
65.05 |
|
|
9/14/2006 |
|
9/16/2006 |
Qv- 0083-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
160 |
|
|
9,115,461 |
|
|
|
796,967 |
|
|
|
3,715 |
|
|
|
292º |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
152.00 |
|
|
9/19/2006 |
|
9/22/2006 |
Qv- 0084-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
50 |
|
|
9,115,555 |
|
|
|
796,844 |
|
|
|
3,840 |
|
|
|
120º |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
90.00 |
|
|
9/18/2006 |
|
9/23/2006 |
Qv- 0086-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
160 |
|
|
9,115,465 |
|
|
|
796,968 |
|
|
|
3,715 |
|
|
|
341º |
|
|
Horiz |
|
|
150.30 |
|
|
9/23/2006 |
|
9/25/2006 |
Qv- 0087-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
50 |
|
|
9,115,554 |
|
|
|
796,843 |
|
|
|
3,840 |
|
|
|
170º |
|
|
Horiz |
|
|
70.35 |
|
|
9/24/2006 |
|
9/26/2006 |
Qv- 0060-U-06 |
|
Explorer Pluss # 20 |
|
100 |
|
|
9,115,432 |
|
|
|
796,849 |
|
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
355º |
|
|
Horiz |
|
|
92.60 |
|
|
7/24/2006 |
|
7/27/2006 |
45
Table 13-2: Summary of Elisa Vein drill results from surface drill hole of 2006 exploration.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM SURFACE EXPLORATION PROGRAM 2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drill-Hole |
|
|
|
Elevation of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
True |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
Structure |
|
Intersection |
|
|
From |
|
|
To |
|
|
Width |
|
|
Width |
|
|
Au g/TM |
|
|
Ag g/t |
|
|
% Cu |
|
|
% Pb |
|
|
% Zn |
|
Qv-0001-S-06 |
|
Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3902 |
|
|
|
107.4 |
|
|
|
108.65 |
|
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
1.08 |
|
|
|
1.175 |
|
|
|
143 |
|
|
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
4.15 |
|
|
|
6.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
Jose Godoy |
|
|
3860 |
|
|
|
174.72 |
|
|
|
178.85 |
|
|
|
4.13 |
|
|
|
2.47 |
|
|
|
1.42 |
|
|
|
76 |
|
|
|
0.16 |
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
2.61 |
|
|
|
|
|
Elisa |
|
|
3810 |
|
|
|
26.03 |
|
|
|
263.99 |
|
|
|
0.96 |
|
|
|
0.85 |
|
|
|
5.466 |
|
|
|
62 |
|
|
|
0.33 |
|
|
|
0.33 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
Qv-0002-S-06 |
|
Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3816 |
|
|
|
154.00 |
|
|
|
158.88 |
|
|
|
4.88 |
|
|
|
2.89 |
|
|
|
1.458 |
|
|
|
49 |
|
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
2.66 |
|
|
|
3.53 |
|
|
|
|
|
Jose Godoy |
|
|
3755 |
|
|
|
215.48 |
|
|
|
216.07 |
|
|
|
0.59 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
2.494 |
|
|
|
67 |
|
|
|
0.22 |
|
|
|
2.39 |
|
|
|
3.25 |
|
Qv-0003-S-06 |
|
Olivia Split |
|
|
3919 |
|
|
|
57.36 |
|
|
|
58.74 |
|
|
|
1.38 |
|
|
|
0.69 |
|
|
|
0.366 |
|
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
1.22 |
|
|
|
2.81 |
|
QV-0004-S-06 |
|
Zona Olivia Split |
|
|
3851 |
|
|
|
109.15 |
|
|
|
116 |
|
|
|
6.85 |
|
|
|
5.98 |
|
|
|
1.296 |
|
|
|
88 |
|
|
|
0.51 |
|
|
|
0.47 |
|
|
|
0.91 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3786 |
|
|
|
178.8 |
|
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
14.2 |
|
|
|
14.17 |
|
|
|
0.276 |
|
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
0.54 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Jose Godoy |
|
|
3722 |
|
|
|
248.75 |
|
|
|
251 |
|
|
|
2.25 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
0.386 |
|
|
|
22 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
QV-0005-S06 |
|
Zona Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3910 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
98.46 |
|
|
|
6.46 |
|
|
|
6.36 |
|
|
|
1.347 |
|
|
|
45 |
|
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
1.64 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona jose Godoy |
|
|
3878 |
|
|
|
149.85 |
|
|
|
152.55 |
|
|
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
1.524 |
|
|
|
315 |
|
|
|
1.08 |
|
|
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Chimborazo |
|
|
3849 |
|
|
|
203.4 |
|
|
|
206.37 |
|
|
|
2.97 |
|
|
|
2.87 |
|
|
|
6.08 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.67 |
|
|
|
1.98 |
|
Qv-0006-S-06 |
|
Zona Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3875 |
|
|
|
91.6 |
|
|
|
96.75 |
|
|
|
5.15 |
|
|
|
4.85 |
|
|
|
1.173 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.97 |
|
|
|
5.04 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona jose Godoy |
|
|
3834 |
|
|
|
138.52 |
|
|
|
141 |
|
|
|
2.48 |
|
|
|
2.43 |
|
|
|
0.521 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.69 |
|
|
|
3.32 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Chimborazo |
|
|
3730 |
|
|
|
253.2 |
|
|
|
255.2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
0.054 |
|
|
|
286 |
|
|
|
2.49 |
|
|
|
1.15 |
|
|
|
4.95 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Chimborazo |
|
|
3726 |
|
|
|
259.20 |
|
|
|
263 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
3.46 |
|
|
|
0.771 |
|
|
|
57 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
0.84 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Chimborazo |
|
|
3718 |
|
|
|
267.95 |
|
|
|
274.2 |
|
|
|
6.25 |
|
|
|
6.2 |
|
|
|
0.491 |
|
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
0.34 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
QV-0007-S-06 |
|
Chimborazo |
|
|
3796 |
|
|
|
254.52 |
|
|
|
255.13 |
|
|
|
0.61 |
|
|
|
0.53 |
|
|
|
3.098 |
|
|
|
51 |
|
|
|
0.08 |
|
|
|
0.13 |
|
|
|
1.24 |
|
QV-0008-S-06 |
|
Zona Jose Godoy |
|
|
3715 |
|
|
|
227.66 |
|
|
|
230.16 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
0.86 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
104 |
|
|
|
0.45 |
|
|
|
1.23 |
|
|
|
1.94 |
|
QV-0009-S-06 |
|
Olivia Split |
|
|
3868 |
|
|
|
134.78 |
|
|
|
135.2 |
|
|
|
0.42 |
|
|
|
0.32 |
|
|
|
0.163 |
|
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
0.99 |
|
|
|
1.82 |
|
|
|
|
|
Veta Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3848 |
|
|
|
159.74 |
|
|
|
160.28 |
|
|
|
0.54 |
|
|
|
0.41 |
|
|
|
0.558 |
|
|
|
133 |
|
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
6.93 |
|
|
|
7.46 |
|
|
|
|
|
Veta Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3844 |
|
|
|
165.06 |
|
|
|
165.45 |
|
|
|
0.39 |
|
|
|
0.39 |
|
|
|
9.823 |
|
|
|
318 |
|
|
|
0.81 |
|
|
|
5.49 |
|
|
|
9.54 |
|
QV-0010-S-06 |
|
Veta Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3837 |
|
|
|
152.3 |
|
|
|
153.86 |
|
|
|
1.56 |
|
|
|
1.49 |
|
|
|
3.824 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
|
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
7.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
Veta Jose Godoy |
|
|
3812 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
186.26 |
|
|
|
1.26 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
6.672 |
|
|
|
77 |
|
|
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
3.06 |
|
|
|
3.7 |
|
QV-0011-S-06 |
|
Veta Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3771 |
|
|
|
180.15 |
|
|
|
180.88 |
|
|
|
0.73 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
7.447 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
0.31 |
|
|
|
0.91 |
|
QV-0012-S-06 |
|
Veta Olivia Split |
|
|
3923 |
|
|
|
19.35 |
|
|
|
19.5 |
|
|
|
0.15 |
|
|
|
0.13 |
|
|
|
1.563 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
2.92 |
|
|
|
7.5 |
|
QV-0013-S-06 |
|
Veta Jose Godoy Split |
|
|
3789 |
|
|
|
187.84 |
|
|
|
188.35 |
|
|
|
0.51 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
2.636 |
|
|
|
44 |
|
|
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
0.22 |
|
|
|
0.92 |
|
46
Table 13-3: Summary of drill results from underground drill holes of 2006 exploration of Elisa
vein
SUMMARY OF RESULTS FROM UNDERGROUND EXPLORATION PROGRAM 2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Drill-Hole |
|
|
|
Elevation of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Measured |
|
|
True |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number |
|
Structure |
|
Intersection |
|
|
From |
|
|
To |
|
|
Width |
|
|
Width |
|
|
Au g/TM |
|
|
Ag g/t |
|
|
% Cu |
|
|
% Pb |
|
|
% Zn |
|
Qv-0060-U-06 Nv100 |
|
Veta Esperanza Sur |
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
71.5 |
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
|
|
1.478 |
|
|
|
255 |
|
|
|
1.23 |
|
|
|
6.97 |
|
|
|
11.81 |
|
Qv-0062-U-06 Nv100 |
|
Zona Zinc |
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
77.1 |
|
|
|
88.1 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
10.34 |
|
|
|
0.297 |
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
1.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Zinc |
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
91.10 |
|
|
|
96.1 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
4.53 |
|
|
|
0.134 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Veta Esperanza Sur |
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
99.1 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
|
|
0.89 |
|
|
|
0.568 |
|
|
|
123 |
|
|
|
1.36 |
|
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
1.47 |
|
Qv-0063-U-06 Nv100 |
|
Veta Esperanza Sur |
|
|
3,772 |
|
|
|
5.85 |
|
|
|
6.06 |
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
0.17 |
|
|
|
0.509 |
|
|
|
41 |
|
|
|
0.94 |
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
Qv-0068-U-06 Nv100 |
|
Veta Esperanza Sur |
|
|
3,764 |
|
|
|
75.94 |
|
|
|
76.38 |
|
|
|
0.44 |
|
|
|
0.39 |
|
|
|
1.653 |
|
|
|
198 |
|
|
|
4.9 |
|
|
|
2.57 |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
Veta Esperanza Split |
|
|
3,736 |
|
|
|
136.71 |
|
|
|
136.82 |
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
3.071 |
|
|
|
723 |
|
|
|
17.92 |
|
|
|
6.46 |
|
|
|
1.43 |
|
Qv-0070-U-06 Nv100 |
|
Veta Esperanza |
|
|
3,757 |
|
|
|
109.44 |
|
|
|
110.26 |
|
|
|
0.82 |
|
|
|
0.77 |
|
|
|
1.865 |
|
|
|
61 |
|
|
|
1.47 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.13 |
|
|
|
|
|
Zona Veta Esperanza Split |
|
|
3,754 |
|
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
123.14 |
|
|
|
1.14 |
|
|
|
1.11 |
|
|
|
0.419 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
1.77 |
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
0.08 |
|
Qv-0072-U-06 Nv 50 |
|
Veta Elisa Tensional 2 |
|
|
3,820 |
|
|
|
37.51 |
|
|
|
37.7 |
|
|
|
0.19 |
|
|
|
0.17 |
|
|
|
214 |
|
|
|
56 |
|
|
|
0.15 |
|
|
|
0.07 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
Qv-0079-U-06 Nv160 |
|
Veta Esperanza Sur |
|
|
3,719 |
|
|
|
113.46 |
|
|
|
113.6 |
|
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
1.985 |
|
|
|
191 |
|
|
|
1.99 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
0.9 |
|
Qv-0080-U-06 Nv 50 |
|
Veta Elisa Tensional 2 |
|
|
3,808 |
|
|
|
49.62 |
|
|
|
49.83 |
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
1.54 |
|
|
|
857 |
|
|
|
1.91 |
|
|
|
0.94 |
|
|
|
4.99 |
|
Qv-0081-U-06 Nv 50 |
|
Zona Veta Elisa Tensional 2 |
|
|
3,862 |
|
|
|
25.7 |
|
|
|
27.95 |
|
|
|
2.25 |
|
|
|
2.06 |
|
|
|
0.531 |
|
|
|
172 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
0.27 |
|
|
|
0.36 |
|
Qv-0082-U-06 Nv 50 |
|
Veta Elisa Tensional 2 |
|
|
3,870 |
|
|
|
35.85 |
|
|
|
36.4 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
1.61 |
|
|
|
2,418 |
|
|
|
4.96 |
|
|
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
4.08 |
|
Qv-0083-U-06 Nv160 |
|
Veta Esperanza Sur |
|
|
3,719 |
|
|
|
129.18 |
|
|
|
130.18 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1 |
|
|
|
1.77 |
|
|
|
117 |
|
|
|
1.56 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
Qv-0084-U-06 Nv 50 |
|
Veta Esperanza Sur |
|
|
3,843 |
|
|
|
76.36 |
|
|
|
76.71 |
|
|
|
0.35 |
|
|
|
0.33 |
|
|
|
1.075 |
|
|
|
47 |
|
|
|
0.14 |
|
|
|
0.24 |
|
|
|
0.84 |
|
|
|
|
|
Veta Esperanza |
|
|
3,843 |
|
|
|
80.02 |
|
|
|
80.23 |
|
|
|
0.21 |
|
|
|
0.18 |
|
|
|
0.543 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
0.25 |
|
|
|
1.31 |
|
Qv-0086-U-06 Nv160 |
|
Veta Esperanza Sur |
|
|
3,719 |
|
|
|
125.53 |
|
|
|
126.15 |
|
|
|
0.62 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
1.48 |
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
47
14. Sampling Method and Approach
14.1 Introduction
There are no core or sample recovery problems which could have materially impacted the accuracy and
reliability of the results. During 2006, recovery of drill core samples averaged 98% from surface
and 97% from underground. There are no core or sample recovery problems which could have materially
impacted the accuracy and reliability of the results.
PAS has standardized sampling procedures throughout its operations and ensures through its QPs that
its practices meet or exceed industry standards. All sampling is done by PASQ personnel under the
direct supervision of the site geology department. Procedures and results were reviewed and
approved by the authors of this Technical Report.
Drill-holes are sampled after the core has been logged. A geologist visually determines the vein
cuts and marks the sample lengths; lengths vary between 0.10 and 1.5 m. The visual definition of
the vein is very simple as they mostly contain massive sulphides with a clear and sharp contact to
the unmineralized, volcanic wall rock. Veins at Quiruvilca Mine are typically narrow (< 1.5m)
hence vein intersects are sampled across the entire width taking one sample. The samples are then
split using a circular saw equipped with a diamond blade. Half of the sample is taken by the
geologist to the lab and the other half is stored in the core box. In general, the drill cores are
in good condition as the rock mass is typically of good quality (greater than 70 RQD). As such,
there are no issues regarding contamination during sample splitting.
Channel sampling is major part of mine development and ore control. Underground sampling is carried
out by a trained sample collector and one assistant using a hammer and chisel. For stope sampling,
a sample is collected every 3 m across the vein using the chute or access as reference for
description of sample location. For sublevels and exploration drifts, samples are collected every 2
m across the vein. In vertical developments, samples are collected every metre. These samples are
collected regardless of rock type, mineralized zone width or geological controls and the average
grade of the sample is determined. The average sample sent to the laboratory weighs 1 to 1.5 kg.
All samples are sent to the Shorey Lab in Quiruvilca. Within 24hrs of receiving a sample, the lab
delivers assay results referenced by number, type, location, and metallic values. Sample numbers
are bar coded in the lab and assay results are automatically captured by the LIMS system that has
been installed, sent to the geology department and stored in the database.
As of July 31, 2007 there were 134,487 channel and diamond drill core samples in the database;
therefore, it is not practical to provide a complete list of individual samples or sample
composites with values and estimated true widths.
In the opinion of the authors of this Technical Report., the samples are of an acceptable quality
for resource and reserve estimation. To the best of the authors knowledge, there are no factors
that may have resulted in a sample bias and the samples are representative.
48
14.2 Sampling Procedures
Each sample is registered on a sampling card containing the following information: sample number,
name of sampler, date, place of sampling, sample type and x, y, and z coordinates.
14.2.1 Drill Core Samples
|
|
As soon as a new drill hole has been started, it is numbered following the system explained below. Drill cores must
be cleaned of mud and grease by the drill contractor and placed in provided core boxes of adequate size. The cores are
transported to the surface logging shack and logged by an experienced geologist. |
|
|
|
As soon as possible, the underground survey team conducts a survey of the hole collar to define the x, y and z
coordinates as well as dip and azimuth of the drill hole. |
|
|
|
Sample intervals are determined by the geologist after the core has been logged. |
|
|
|
The hanging-wall and foot-wall are sampled for at least 3 m outside visible mineralization. Barren parts in between
mineralized intersections are sampled over their entire length if they are smaller than 6 m. |
|
|
|
If the intersects are clearly defined mineralized zones which can be mined separately, the sample length depends on
the geology to get independent results for ore and wall rock without compositing. |
|
|
|
The responsible geologist indicates with paint on the core boxes where the sampling has to take place and notes the
exact distances on the log sheets. |
|
|
|
The core is sawn longitudinally in two equal half parts without biasing mineralization. |
|
|
|
Core boxes are numbered consecutively and labelled with the correct drill-hole ID and the associated sample ID. |
|
|
|
Core boxes are stored on metal or wooden racks for easy handling. |
|
|
|
Samples are put into new, clean and transparent plastic bags with two number tags inside and one number and barcode
tag outside and closed with a metal strip. |
|
|
|
DHLogger software is used for logging and data is exported daily to the central database. |
|
|
|
Assay results from exploration and delineation drill holes are emailed to the chief geologist on-site as well as
certain staff members in head office for review. Results are entered into the Century LIMS database by the lab and a hard
copy is filed by the geology department. |
14.2.2 Channel Samples
Channel samples are taken to sample vein structures or other relatively evenly distributed
mineralization. They are always taken perpendicular to structures to avoid introducing bias. If
there are cross cutting vein systems, they have to be taken very carefully to avoid sampling along
a possibly mineralized structure. Each sample location contains three samples taken from the vein,
hanging wall and foot wall crossing the entire development width. As of July 31, 2007, the database
contained 134,487 records of channel samples all cutting mineralized veins which are or have been
in production. Due to the large amount of samples it is not practical to show the entire database
as a table. Channel samples are the base of the resource calculation and are all of similar
importance.
49
|
|
The sampling surface is cleaned of dust, mud or any other contaminating agent by washing the rock-face
with a water hose and scrubbing with a brush. Protruding points and ridges are removed before taking the
sample so that the sample surface is flat. |
|
|
|
The exact location of the channel is marked by drawing two parallel lines separated by 20 cm using
chalk or paint. The sample location is determined by a measure from the nearest survey station or plug. |
|
|
|
The channel is carved manually with a chisel and hammer or with a diamond-disk saw. |
|
|
|
The sample is collected from the total material taken from the channel. |
|
|
|
If the structure has different types of mineralization, separate samples are taken for each type. |
|
|
|
The distance between channels is 3 m in stopes, 2 m in horizontal exploration development and 1 metre
in vertical development. |
|
|
|
All samples collected are filled in bags that are perfectly clean and in good condition. |
|
|
|
After taking the sample vein thickness and the widths of the drifts are measured and filled into the
sample card together with the location information. |
|
|
|
Assay results from channel samples are emailed to the geology department and mine engineering
department for verification and planning. Results are entered into the Century LIMS database by the lab and a
hard copy is filed by the geology department. |
14.2.3 Numbering System
Drill-Hole ID
Drill-hole IDs are formatted as follows:
Sample Numbers
All channel samples, standard samples, and blanks are labelled with a sequential 5-digit number.
50
15. Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security
All sample preparation and analysis is executed by PASQ employees. Underground channel samples are
transferred from the plastic bags into a metal tray and dried in an oven for 1.5 hours. After
crushing, the samples are split to a size of 200-250 grams. Samples are pulverized using a
concentric-ring mill for approximately 1 minute 15 seconds and then homogenized. The pulp is
transferred into a bar-coded envelope for subsequent analysis.
The Quiruvilca laboratory uses Acid Digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The prepared
samples are analysed for Ag, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sb, Fe and As. During the entire procedure from sampling
to analysis, sample security is controlled by PASQ employees or by a certified third party
laboratory.
It is PAS standard practice to have a primary lab on-site that performs all sample analysis and
also a third party secondary lab to re-iterate analysis on at least 2% of the samples for quality
assurance and quality control (QA/QC, check samples).
The primary laboratory is the Shorey Laboratory in Quiruvilca, which is PASQ owned and operated.
The laboratory conducts a routine internal QA/QC program, supervised by the geology department,
that includes external check samples and the routine submission of standards. For each batch of
twenty, at least one internal duplicate and one internal standard is added by the laboratory. The
responsible geologist will add one certified standard and one blank each day. Duplicate samples of
diamond core samples come from the remaining half core split to a quarter core. For channel
samples, a duplicate is obtained by collecting a sample of equal weight from the same sampling
location.
The Quirulivca Mine currently has a contract with ALS Chemex, in Lima, to act as their external
secondary lab to analyze the check samples by Atomic Absorption for Ag, Zn, Pb and Cu. ALS Chemex
Lima fulfills the requirement of ISO 9001:2000 and reports assay results by e-mail and by certified
paper copy to PASQ.
Assay results of inserted blank and standard samples, for 2006 and 2007 (to Oct. 31st)
are provided in Graphs 15-1 and Graphs 15-2. Each graph is plotted with a warning and action line,
to identify outliers. These indicators are equal to
±2σ and
±3σ (plus or minus 2
standard deviations and plus or minus 3 standard deviations) respectively. The certified values
determined for the standard sample are as follows:
Table 15-1: Values of the Certified Standard
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ELEMENT |
|
Ag ppm |
|
|
Cu % |
|
|
Pb % |
|
|
Zn % |
|
Average |
|
|
293.00 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
1.08 |
|
|
|
3.65 |
|
Mean |
|
|
294.00 |
|
|
|
0.59 |
|
|
|
1.08 |
|
|
|
3.65 |
|
St. Dev. |
|
|
7.042 |
|
|
|
0.026 |
|
|
|
0.019 |
|
|
|
0.051 |
|
%RSD |
|
|
2.40 |
|
|
|
4.54 |
|
|
|
1.77 |
|
|
|
1.39 |
|
Conf. Int. |
|
|
2.00 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.01 |
|
51
Standard results between the warning and action lines are acceptable, but further attention is
given to quality control. Standard results outside the action line trigger further investigations
and re-analysis may be requested. However, if channel samples are from stopes with small tonnages
and immediate production, re-assaying the lot is not practical, but instead, the deviations are
used to improve procedures.
52
Observations from Graphs 15-1 and 15-2 identified that there was a significant amount of outliers
beyond the action line in the zinc assays for both inserted blanks and standards for the first 8
months of 2006. The monthly averages on standards samples are given
in Table 15-2. This table indicates that zinc assays were problematic when the procedure was first
implemented, and that corrective action was taken with notable improvements from September 2006
onwards. The acceptable long term accuracy of both the primary and secondary labs should be within
±5% of the probable true value of the inserted standards, compiling results from 2006 to present
indicate that the labs are within those limits. The authors recognize that the mineral resources
and reserves are affected by the reliability of the assays, based on the long production history
and the small difference between the theoretical and analyzed standard grades, it is the authors
opinion that the effect on the overall mineral reserves and resources do not impact the assessment
of economic viability of the proven and probable mineral reserves.
53
Table 15-2: Monthly Average of Assay Results on Standard Samples
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 |
|
Jan |
|
|
Feb |
|
|
Mar |
|
|
Apr |
|
|
May |
|
|
Jun |
|
|
Jul |
|
|
Aug |
|
|
Sep |
|
|
Oct |
|
|
Nov |
|
|
Dec |
|
|
Annual |
|
|
Jan-Aug |
|
|
Sep-Dec |
|
Count |
|
10 |
|
|
11 |
|
|
10 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
11 |
|
|
12 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
22 |
|
|
21 |
|
|
24 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
22 |
|
|
186 |
|
|
99 |
|
|
87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ag (g/t) |
|
|
294.92 |
|
|
|
294.53 |
|
|
|
290.51 |
|
|
|
282.90 |
|
|
|
287.40 |
|
|
|
287.15 |
|
|
|
289.31 |
|
|
|
296.83 |
|
|
|
284.86 |
|
|
|
291.77 |
|
|
|
286.68 |
|
|
|
292.27 |
|
|
|
290.26 |
|
|
|
291.32 |
|
|
|
289.06 |
|
Var (g/t) |
|
|
0.92 |
|
|
|
0.53 |
|
|
|
-3.50 |
|
|
|
-11.10 |
|
|
|
-6.60 |
|
|
|
-6.85 |
|
|
|
-4.69 |
|
|
|
2.83 |
|
|
|
-9.14 |
|
|
|
-2.23 |
|
|
|
-7.32 |
|
|
|
-1.73 |
|
|
|
-3.74 |
|
|
|
-2.68 |
|
|
|
-4.94 |
|
% diff |
|
|
0.31 |
% |
|
|
0.18 |
% |
|
|
-1.19 |
% |
|
|
-3.78 |
% |
|
|
-2.24 |
% |
|
|
-2.33 |
% |
|
|
-1.59 |
% |
|
|
0.96 |
% |
|
|
-3.11 |
% |
|
|
-0.76 |
% |
|
|
-2.49 |
% |
|
|
-0.59 |
% |
|
|
-1.27 |
% |
|
|
-0.91 |
% |
|
|
-1.68 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cu (%) |
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
Var (%) |
|
|
-0.014 |
|
|
|
-0.006 |
|
|
|
-0.011 |
|
|
|
-0.020 |
|
|
|
-0.030 |
|
|
|
-0.012 |
|
|
|
-0.012 |
|
|
|
-0.020 |
|
|
|
-0.029 |
|
|
|
-0.007 |
|
|
|
-0.026 |
|
|
|
-0.033 |
|
|
|
-0.019 |
|
|
|
-0.016 |
|
|
|
-0.023 |
|
% diff |
|
|
-2.42 |
% |
|
|
-1.09 |
% |
|
|
-1.88 |
% |
|
|
-3.44 |
% |
|
|
-5.02 |
% |
|
|
-1.96 |
% |
|
|
-2.01 |
% |
|
|
-3.36 |
% |
|
|
-4.93 |
% |
|
|
-1.16 |
% |
|
|
-4.42 |
% |
|
|
-5.56 |
% |
|
|
-3.26 |
% |
|
|
-2.67 |
% |
|
|
-3.93 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pb (%) |
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
1.02 |
|
|
|
1.03 |
|
|
|
1.04 |
|
|
|
1.06 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
1.06 |
|
|
|
1.06 |
|
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
1.06 |
|
Var (%) |
|
|
-0.008 |
|
|
|
-0.015 |
|
|
|
-0.012 |
|
|
|
-0.010 |
|
|
|
-0.056 |
|
|
|
-0.046 |
|
|
|
-0.037 |
|
|
|
-0.019 |
|
|
|
-0.012 |
|
|
|
-0.007 |
|
|
|
-0.025 |
|
|
|
-0.019 |
|
|
|
-0.021 |
|
|
|
-0.026 |
|
|
|
-0.016 |
|
% diff |
|
|
-0.74 |
% |
|
|
-1.35 |
% |
|
|
-1.11 |
% |
|
|
-0.93 |
% |
|
|
-5.22 |
% |
|
|
-4.24 |
% |
|
|
-3.40 |
% |
|
|
-1.73 |
% |
|
|
-1.13 |
% |
|
|
-0.68 |
% |
|
|
-2.36 |
% |
|
|
-1.77 |
% |
|
|
-1.97 |
% |
|
|
-2.43 |
% |
|
|
-1.45 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zn (%) |
|
|
3.36 |
|
|
|
3.40 |
|
|
|
3.52 |
|
|
|
3.52 |
|
|
|
3.21 |
|
|
|
3.39 |
|
|
|
3.15 |
|
|
|
3.35 |
|
|
|
3.47 |
|
|
|
3.51 |
|
|
|
3.81 |
|
|
|
3.58 |
|
|
|
3.45 |
|
|
|
3.32 |
|
|
|
3.59 |
|
Var (%) |
|
|
-0.291 |
|
|
|
-0.254 |
|
|
|
-0.135 |
|
|
|
-0.135 |
|
|
|
-0.437 |
|
|
|
-0.265 |
|
|
|
-0.497 |
|
|
|
-0.296 |
|
|
|
-0.177 |
|
|
|
-0.139 |
|
|
|
0.162 |
|
|
|
-0.067 |
|
|
|
-0.204 |
|
|
|
-0.330 |
|
|
|
-0.061 |
|
% diff |
|
|
-7.97 |
% |
|
|
-6.95 |
% |
|
|
-3.70 |
% |
|
|
-3.70 |
% |
|
|
-11.98 |
% |
|
|
-7.26 |
% |
|
|
-13.62 |
% |
|
|
-8.10 |
% |
|
|
-4.84 |
% |
|
|
-3.79 |
% |
|
|
4.43 |
% |
|
|
-1.83 |
% |
|
|
-5.59 |
% |
|
|
-9.04 |
% |
|
|
-1.66 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007 |
|
Jan |
|
|
Feb |
|
|
Mar |
|
|
Apr |
|
|
May |
|
|
Jun |
|
|
Jul |
|
|
Aug |
|
|
Sep |
|
|
Oct |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual |
|
|
2006-07 |
|
|
|
|
|
Count |
|
21 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
17 |
|
|
19 |
|
|
22 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
20 |
|
|
23 |
|
|
24 |
|
|
Nov |
|
|
Dec |
|
|
211 |
|
|
397 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ag (g/t) |
|
|
291.45 |
|
|
|
296.04 |
|
|
|
290.58 |
|
|
|
298.67 |
|
|
|
288.20 |
|
|
|
298.27 |
|
|
|
291.35 |
|
|
|
288.00 |
|
|
|
295.37 |
|
|
|
295.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
293.40 |
|
|
|
291.93 |
|
|
|
|
|
Var (g/t) |
|
|
-2.55 |
|
|
|
2.04 |
|
|
|
-3.42 |
|
|
|
4.67 |
|
|
|
-5.80 |
|
|
|
4.27 |
|
|
|
-2.65 |
|
|
|
-6.00 |
|
|
|
1.37 |
|
|
|
1.51 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-0.60 |
|
|
|
-2.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
% diff |
|
|
-0.87 |
% |
|
|
0.69 |
% |
|
|
-1.16 |
% |
|
|
1.59 |
% |
|
|
-1.97 |
% |
|
|
1.45 |
% |
|
|
-0.90 |
% |
|
|
-2.04 |
% |
|
|
0.47 |
% |
|
|
0.51 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-0.20 |
% |
|
|
-0.70 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cu (%) |
|
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.56 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
|
|
Var (%) |
|
|
-0.04 |
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.01 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
% diff |
|
|
-6.34 |
% |
|
|
-4.82 |
% |
|
|
-5.83 |
% |
|
|
-2.13 |
% |
|
|
-3.10 |
% |
|
|
-4.67 |
% |
|
|
-4.11 |
% |
|
|
-5.07 |
% |
|
|
-3.43 |
% |
|
|
-3.77 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-4.29 |
% |
|
|
-3.81 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pb (%) |
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
1.04 |
|
|
|
1.06 |
|
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
1.03 |
|
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
1.06 |
|
|
|
1.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.05 |
|
|
|
1.06 |
|
|
|
|
|
Var (%) |
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.04 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.01 |
|
|
|
-0.05 |
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-0.03 |
|
|
|
-0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
% diff |
|
|
-3.09 |
% |
|
|
-2.72 |
% |
|
|
-3.60 |
% |
|
|
-1.78 |
% |
|
|
-3.00 |
% |
|
|
-0.83 |
% |
|
|
-4.30 |
% |
|
|
-2.99 |
% |
|
|
-1.78 |
% |
|
|
-1.86 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-2.56 |
% |
|
|
-2.29 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zn (%) |
|
|
3.74 |
|
|
|
3.68 |
|
|
|
3.74 |
|
|
|
3.76 |
|
|
|
3.71 |
|
|
|
3.70 |
|
|
|
3.65 |
|
|
|
3.65 |
|
|
|
3.69 |
|
|
|
3.67 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.70 |
|
|
|
3.58 |
|
|
|
|
|
Var (%) |
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
0.03 |
|
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
0.06 |
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.00 |
|
|
|
0.04 |
|
|
|
0.02 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.05 |
|
|
|
-0.07 |
|
|
|
|
|
% diff |
|
|
2.55 |
% |
|
|
0.84 |
% |
|
|
2.48 |
% |
|
|
2.88 |
% |
|
|
1.54 |
% |
|
|
1.25 |
% |
|
|
-0.02 |
% |
|
|
0.07 |
% |
|
|
1.22 |
% |
|
|
0.45 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.27 |
% |
|
|
-1.94 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Check sample assays performed in the month of July 2007 are included, comparing the Shorey
Laboratory results to ALS Chemexs results. The comparisons are plotted for easier interpretation
on scatter plots in Graphs 15-3 and on Thompson-Howard plots in Graphs 15-4. Both graphs show 20%
warning lines.
In the authors opinion, the sample preparation, security and analytical procedures are of adequate
quality for resource and reserve estimation.
54
16. Data Verification
PASQ performs routine assay data verification by primary and secondary laboratory check sample
analyses. In addition, the on-site Shorey Laboratory and ALS Chemex, Lima perform numerous internal
standard determinations and checks. Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., reviews the results and performance
of the labs on a monthly basis. ALS Chemex reports the check sample results by e-mail and by
certified hard copy. Results of these two reports are compared on a monthly basis by the Quiruvilca
geology department.
Channel samples, generally 2 to 3 per sample location (see section 14.3.1), enter the database with
assigned X, Y, Z coordinates and a vein code. Hence, they can easily be plotted on each vein long
section. 3D sample location for the drill holes are plotted in Datamine software using the collar
information, dip and plunge angles and drill hole depth information. All samples are automatically
compared in the database during the data verification stage. Visibly wrong locations, due to
erroneous data entry are corrected. Duplication of grades or sample locations (closer than 1
metre) are highlighted for easy revision. The responsible geologist compares the duplicated grades
to the original data entry and omits one sample in cases of an entry error. If two samples have
really been taken in a spacing of less than 1 metre, a weighted average of the grades is used in
the database.
Data analysis and verification evaluations have been performed for Quiruvilca by Mr. Elmer
Ildefonso, Geostatistical consultant to PASQ. Mr Ildefonso is an accomplished expert in mineral
resource and reserves model development; however, he is not a Qualified Person. As such, PAS Dr.
Michael Steinmann has reviewed and verified the work of Mr. Ildefonso.
Mr. Ildefonso performed mathematical and statistical validation of the exploration database. The
procedures included:
|
|
|
Verification for duplicate collars of drill holes |
|
|
|
|
Verification for twin holes |
|
|
|
|
Verification for overlapping assays |
|
|
|
|
Verification for zero length assays |
|
|
|
|
Verification of surface collared holes against the surface topography |
It is the authors opinion that the quality of the data given in this Technical Report follows
industry standards and that numbers and types of anomalies are within industry norms for databases
of this size and age, and that these anomalies have no material effect on the overall mineral
resource estimate.
On the base of the statistical checks, the authors believe that the exploration database has been
prepared according to industry norms and is suitable for the development of geological and grade
models.
55
17. Adjacent Properties
There is no information on adjacent properties in the Technical Report.
56
18. Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing
Forecasts for metal recovery are based on historical performance of plant operations. Because
Quiruvilca is an operating mine with an operating mineral processing plant, metallurgical testing
is conducted every day in the plant. Therefore, the forecasts of recoveries in this Technical
Report are based on actual performances of the processing plant. A description of the existing
mill and discussion of the historical actual recovery and metallurgical balances are presented in
section 25.
The project metallurgy used for the life of mine plan is based on a head grade that is calculated
from the mine plan based on the grades defined from the mineral reserves and mineral resources of
veins to be mined. When a new vein is intersected, samples are tested at the on-site laboratory.
The metallurgical assumptions used in the life of mine plan are as follows:
Table 18-1: Life of Mine Head Grade Projections.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Head Grade |
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
Tonnes Milled |
|
|
376,052 |
|
|
|
364,186 |
|
|
|
379,600 |
|
|
|
360,597 |
|
Silver (g/t) |
|
|
159.88 |
|
|
|
155.49 |
|
|
|
157.63 |
|
|
|
158.48 |
|
Copper |
|
|
0.91 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.65 |
|
|
|
0.40 |
|
Lead |
|
|
1.04 |
|
|
|
1.10 |
|
|
|
1.10 |
|
|
|
1.27 |
|
Zinc |
|
|
3.35 |
|
|
|
3.67 |
|
|
|
3.61 |
|
|
|
3.44 |
|
Gold |
|
|
0.51 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
0.37 |
|
Table 18-2: Life of Mine Recovery Projections
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% Recovery |
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
Silver |
|
|
82.2 |
|
|
|
82.0 |
|
|
|
82.3 |
|
|
|
82.2 |
|
Copper |
|
|
75.5 |
|
|
|
72.4 |
|
|
|
70.2 |
|
|
|
70.1 |
|
Lead |
|
|
81.0 |
|
|
|
81.0 |
|
|
|
81.0 |
|
|
|
81.2 |
|
Zinc |
|
|
84.0 |
|
|
|
85.2 |
|
|
|
85.2 |
|
|
|
85.5 |
|
Gold |
|
|
10.3 |
|
|
|
17.4 |
|
|
|
16.7 |
|
|
|
13.5 |
|
Table 18-3: Life of Mine Concentrate Projections
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
Concentrates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copper |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tonnes (DMT) |
|
|
9,573 |
|
|
|
8,383 |
|
|
|
8,269 |
|
|
|
5,610 |
|
Ag (g/DMT) |
|
|
3,650.0 |
|
|
|
3,750.0 |
|
|
|
4,000.0 |
|
|
|
4,620.0 |
|
Cu (%) |
|
|
22.8 |
|
|
|
27.0 |
|
|
|
22.8 |
|
|
|
21.0 |
|
Zn (%) |
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
|
|
9.0 |
|
Lead |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tonnes (DMT) |
|
|
5,741 |
|
|
|
5,884 |
|
|
|
6,125 |
|
|
|
6,737 |
|
Ag (g/DMT) |
|
|
2,000.0 |
|
|
|
2,000.0 |
|
|
|
2,100.0 |
|
|
|
2,680.0 |
|
Pb (%) |
|
|
55.0 |
|
|
|
55.0 |
|
|
|
55.0 |
|
|
|
55.0 |
|
Zinc |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tonnes (DMT) |
|
|
18,742 |
|
|
|
20,177 |
|
|
|
20,662 |
|
|
|
18,777 |
|
Ag (g/DMT) |
|
|
160.0 |
|
|
|
160.0 |
|
|
|
160.0 |
|
|
|
160.0 |
|
Zn (%) |
|
|
56.5 |
|
|
|
56.5 |
|
|
|
56.5 |
|
|
|
56.5 |
|
57
Currently, mining is being deepened to level 400 (and later to level 460) and it is expected that
lead, copper, and zinc grades will increase with depth, but not silver grades.
As there is distinct zonation of the mineralogy at the Quiruvilca Mine, the mineralogy of the
principal veins on the production plan has been taken into account in order to arrive at the
metallurgical assumptions shown above in Table 18-1, Table 18-2, and Table 18-3. The principal
veins considered are Zoila Gata, Compania Centro, Luz Angelica, Eva, Betsy, Dina, Elisa, and
Claudia. The mineralogy of these veins were described in section 11.2.
18.1 Plant Improvement Projects
A value chain (see Figure 18-1), has been prepared for the plant aiming at identifying processing
strengths and weaknesses and finding opportunities for improvement. With this basis, research work
and reconfiguration of the entire milling process has been prioritized with the goal of creating
economic and environmental value.
18.1.1 Grinding Circuit
As a result of the metallurgical tests performed during the first quarter of 2007, circuit using
the Marcy 6Øx41/2 as the secondary ball mill was replaced by a Marcy 7Øx7 ball mill. This change
improved the minus 200 mesh particle size passing to flotation from 54% to 62%. This is expected to
improve the recoveries of base metals (cooper, lead, zinc).
18.1.2 Bulk Flotation Circuit
The copper concentrate contributes the highest revenue to Quiruvilca, but is also subject to high
smelter penalty charges, notably for arsenic (6% average in the LOM plan) and antimony (7%
average). Strong focus is placed on improving the quality and recovery ratio of copper concentrate.
Initially, the bulk flotation circuit consisted of three rougher cells that sent concentrates to a
cleaning circuit. Sampling showed that concentrates from the third rougher only had 1% copper and
27% iron. Thus, the bulk flotation circuit was re-organized to convert the third rougher into a
scavenger.
18.1.3 Zinc Flotation Circuit
Re-commissioning of an additional WENCO 66 cell is in progress with the intent of reducing zinc
content lost in the final tailings. An automatic pulp level monitoring system will also be
installed to improve the operating efficiency and the zinc concentrate quality.
18.1.4
Authors Comments
|
|
Many years of production history, including actual results
from processing in the mill at Shorey, mean that the
metallurgy to be expected from the deposit is very well-know
and established. |
|
|
|
In the authors opinion, there is no need for further testing
other than that which is part of normal daily operating
routine. |
|
|
|
Metallurgical testing may be undertaken to review the
metallurgy of any new veins if they are discovered. Other
metallurgical testing may be undertaken from time to time to
explore ideas for improvement or the application of new
technology as it becomes available. This type of testing
would only lead to improvements over the life of mine
economic case as it is presented in this Technical Report. |
58
|
|
As discussed in section 18.1.2, the copper concentrate
contains a high penalty element content and is treated more
as a specialty product by the smelters and concentrate
traders. To date, PASQ has been able to sell all of the
copper concentrate that it has produced, and for the purposes
of the LOM economic
analysis, it has been assumed that PASQ will continue to be able to sell this concentrate by
paying the high penalty charges that are typical for this type of concentrate in the current
market. |
|
|
|
Martin Wafforn, P.Eng, has reviewed the metallurgical assumptions used in the economic
analysis and compared them to the historic performance of the Shorey mill. In addition, the
metallurgical assumptions in the plan have been reviewed by the Pan American Silver Peru
S.A.C., a subsidiary of PAS, corporate metallurgist, Edgar Canta, who is not a Qualified
Person but is considered to be an expert on flotation metallurgy. Mr. Canta has presented
papers on flotation metallurgy internationally and has written a detailed report on the
Quiruvilca plant entitled Memoria Descriptiva Planta Concentradora Shorey dated 06/11/07
that contains the basis for the processing and metallurgical information presented in this
section 18 and section 25. In the opinion of the authors this is further confirmation that the
metallurgical assumptions used are reasonable. |
59
19. Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve Estimates
For each modeled vein, there is a long section oriented along strike of the vein, perpendicular to
the X-Y plane. The geology and mine engineering department examines the section and lays out a
geo-block system based on mining levels, stope layout and mined out areas. The geo-block system is
a configuration of geometric blocks created to best fit an area of mineralization into a physically
mineable block if deemed economical. Block sizes vary but are in general 50x20 metres (strike x
dip). These blocks are updated on a regular basis as ore extraction advances.
Over each long section and its geo-block system, a resource block model is constructed using a
block size of 5x5x10 metres (strike x dip x vein width). The block size in the block model was
established based on:
|
|
|
Variography on 14 main structures |
|
|
|
|
Geo-block model size of 50 x 20 metres |
|
|
|
|
Spacing of channel samples of about 3 x 2.5 metres (strike x dip) |
These blocks are used for resource estimation. As mentioned above, the vein long sections are
constructed on a plane parallel to the strike and dip of each structure. This results in a pseudo
3D block model as it does not include the vein sinuosity along either strike or dip. Mineral
resource estimates done with a pseudo 3D model have been reviewed by PAS QPs and it is believed
that the marginal difference that would be obtained from creating a full 3D block model would not
significantly impact mineral resource estimates. Nonetheless, PAS is aiming to generate full 3D
block models for each vein, as it is very useful for mine planning.
The block model construction as well as the mineral resource and reserve estimation are done at the
site by two PAS personnel:
|
|
Modeling Geologist: This geologist updates in coordination with the mine geologists the
longitudinal sections, creates or edits the geo-blocks and defines block model limits based on
geological observations and makes a visual data verification. |
|
|
|
The statistical data validation, data verification, definition of estimation parameters and
determination of the estimation methodology is done by E. Ildefonso, Geostatistical consultant
to PASQ. Mr Ildefonso is an accomplished expert in mineral resource and reserves model
development; however, he is not a Qualified Person. As such, PAS Dr. Michael Steinmann has
reviewed and verified the work of Mr. Ildefonso. |
PAS implemented a new procedure for mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates in the second
quarter of 2007, making a change from MineSight software to the Datamine software package. Together
with the software change, the estimation method was changed from inverse distance to the third
power to OK based on established variography. Forty-one important veins in production have been
modelled in Datamine software, however resource and reserves estimates of less significant veins
are still interpreted by MineSight or Geolink software as they have not changed since the previous
estimates. Currently, 99% of the total mineral reserves are estimated using Datamine software. The
objective is to assess all the veins with the Datamine system; a task that will be implemented
gradually.
60
The use of the three software packages in the mineral resource estimate is briefly described below:
Datamine Model:
Datamine software is the estimation tool used since the second quarter of 2007. Forty-one important
veins in production have been modeled and estimated with this software. The applied block model is
5x5x10m (Strike x Dip x Cross-strike). 99% of the mineral reserves are estimated using the
Datamine Model.
MineSight Model
This software has been used since January 2002. The block model that was being used had 3x3x10m
(strike x dip x cross-strike). The interpolation method used was inverse distance to the third
power, constrained to a search ellipse of 50x100x10m (strike, dip, and cross-strike respectively).
The estimation did not perform a variographic analysis to justify the parameters used. Only a very
small amounts of blocks estimated through the MineSight model remain in this model.
Geolink Mapping
There is a group of inactive veins and their resources have been previously estimated with the
Geolink system. This small software package allows for selecting data, assigning mineral reserve
block codes and determining a weighted average. The weighting factor is the longitude and spacing
between channels. This method does not use block modeling.
19.1 Compositing
The reserves estimation data is collected from two sources: channel samples and diamond core
samples. In both cases, sampled sections have been composited to the total vein width. In the case
of channel samples, the composite is equivalent to the channel as the samples are taken
perpendicular to the vein and have been sampled from the hanging wall to the foot wall. In the case
of diamond core, composite can be defined once the geologist has identified the position of the
footwall, vein, and hanging wall during core logging. The core sample is geometrically corrected
based on the vein dip and the drill hole angles before compositing.
Channel sample and diamond core data is managed with Microsoft Access and DHLogger. The latter is a
key tool linked to Fusion, a program that allows posting chemical lab grades directly into the
database, thus avoiding unnecessary data manipulation and eliminating possible input errors.
19.2 Defining Lithology and Specific Gravity
Incorporation of lithology into the block model is kept simple by defining the block as either
mineral or waste. The contacts between wall rock and veins are clearly defined. All mineralization
in the veins is deemed to be ore and a specific gravity (SG) of 3.6 is assigned. A SG of 2.6 is
assigned to the wall rock samples.
Ore density tests were performed on-site following the standard method of water volume displaced by
sample weight.
61
There are efforts to carry out a density measurement campaign to establish a mathematical function
for density calculations based on the Zn, Pb, Cu, Fe, Ag and Au grades.
19.3 Dilution
The diluted width is calculated independently for each channel. Due to the long production history
of Quiruvilca, the well-known mining method and rock mass quality, dilution factors can be
estimated using real production data. Over-break is not constant for all structures, but on
average, a 0.40m dilution for all structures (0.20 m of wall rock on either side of the vein) has
been applied at zero grade.
Each block in the block model contains the vein width based on sampling and drill results.
Dilution is calculated for each block using the following parameters:
|
|
|
If the width of the vein is < 0.4 m, it is diluted to the minimum mining width of 0.80m. |
|
|
|
|
If the width of the vein is
³ 0.4m, 0.40 metres are added; 0.20 m per wall. |
19.4 Grade Model
A variographic analysis was performed on fourteen representative veins, the variogram parameter
have been standardized to a sill of 1 and some of the variables have up to 4 imbricated structures.
The principal axis of anisotropy are along strike and dip of the veins. Based on geological
similarities and/or close special location an additional 27 veins have been associated to one of
the fourteen established variograms. Where these variograms were applicable, silver, copper, lead,
and zinc grades are interpolated using the OK method in Datamine. The veins without variography
were evaluated using the inverse distance to the square (ID2)method. The geology
department is currently working on a separate variographic analysis for each vein of the deposit.
The dimensions for the search ellipsoid which determines the amount of samples used for the grade
interpolation in the block model are based on the silver and zinc variograms. The orientation of
the ellipse long axis is parallel to the vein strike. As for the variograms, there are search
ellipses for 14 main structures and 27 similar structures have been associated to one of the 14
veins.
Before kriging, all blocks of the block model were assigned a geo-block number. Mined-out areas
have been omitted in order to evaluate only remaining resources. Interpolation of the block model
was done in two stages:
|
|
In the first stage, the block model was interpolated using channel sample data. This phase
involves areas in production as well as areas in further distances. Each grade interpolation
is constrained to a minimum of three, and a maximum of ten, composites. |
|
|
|
In a second interpolation stage, remnant blocks from the first stage were estimated using
drill holes and channel samples located in larger distances. This phase involves only blocks
from the peripheral area of the veins. Grade interpolation of each block is constrained to a
minimum of one, and a maximum of ten, composites. |
Once the block model has been interpolated and validated, the resources of the block model are
diluted as indicated in section 19.3 and the specific gravity factor is applied (see section 19.2).
Finally each resource geo-block (50 x 20 m) is estimated based on the 5 x 5 m block model. The
resource of an entire vein is the sum of all geo-blocks.
62
19.4.1 Assigning Values to a Geo-Block
Once the block model has been interpolated and validated, the geo-block system incorporates the
block model to determine a Value Per Tonne (VPT) for each geo-block based on the following data:
Average Vein Width of the Geo-Block refers to the arithmetic average of the vein widths of all
the blocks located within the geo-block.
Diluted Width of the Geo-Block refers to the arithmetic average of the diluted widths of all the
blocks that are located within the geo-block.
Calculation of Specific Gravity - The specific gravity of a block is the weighted average of the
gravities of the vein and of the dilution, and is calculated using the following formula:
SG = (vein width *3.6+ dilution width *2.6)/
(3.6+2.6)
Where:
3.6 is the specific gravity of the vein
and,
2.6 is the specific gravity of the
dilution.
Calculation of Volume refers to the sum of the volumes of all the blocks located within the
geo-block. The volume of a block is obtained by multiplying the area of the block by the diluted
width.
Volume of a Block= 5m*5m*diluted width (m).
Calculation of Total Tonnage refers to the sum of the tonnages of all the blocks located within
the geo-block. The tonnage of a block is obtained by multiplying the volume of the said block by
the specific gravity of the block.
Tonnage of one block = Volume of block (m3) * SG block (t/m3)
Average Sampling Grade (Vein) of the Geo- Block - refers to the heavy average/mean of the grades
without dilutions with the vein width of each block and it considers all the blocks located within
the geo-block.
Average Diluted Grade of the Geo-Block refers to the heavy average/mean of the diluted grades
with the tonnage of each block and it considers all the blocks located within the geo-block.
63
19.4.2 Determination of the VPT of a Geo-Block
Quiruvilca is a polymetalic deposit with production of 4 different metals, hence no simple cut off
grade can be used to determine the economic viability of a block. Instead, net smelter return
(NSR) calculations are used to assign a VPT for each block. The NSR factor for each % of
contained Cu, Pb, Zn or each g/t contained Ag is based on actual plant recoveries and on the
current concentrate sales terms. In order to assign a VPT to a sample or resource block, the grades
can simply be multiplied by the respective NSR factors. Table 19-1 is an example of how the VPT for
a block is calculated.
Table 19-1: Example Calculation of VPT for a Block
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Element |
|
NSR Factor |
|
|
Grade |
|
|
VPT ($/t) |
|
Au |
|
|
1.0383 |
|
|
|
0.20 |
|
|
|
0.2077 |
|
Ag |
|
|
0.1521 |
|
|
|
200.00 |
|
|
|
30.42 |
|
Cu |
|
|
0.7779 |
|
|
|
0.30 |
|
|
|
0.2333 |
|
Pb |
|
|
2.3463 |
|
|
|
1.22 |
|
|
|
2.8625 |
|
Zn |
|
|
5.4058 |
|
|
|
4.50 |
|
|
|
24.33 |
|
VPT of Block |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
58.05 |
|
In order to determine if a geo-block can be deemed economic, the VPT can simply be compared to the
mining cost of the respective mine area.
19.5 Model Validation
Validation of the block model is done by visually comparing interpolated grades with its
neighbouring blocks results. No other interpolation method has been applied for comparison
purposes. The mine has been in production for decades and there are monthly reconciliations between
the reserves and plant data.
PASQ constantly compares the mineral reserve and resource estimates to actual production from the
mill. Formal reconciliations are conducted that compare the model projections to the actual results
on an annual basis, or if it becomes apparent that the results vary from the detailed mine plan
that forms the operating budget for the mine, is prepared annually. If these reconciliations show
that the model is starting to drift away from the actual results, then the model parameters are
typically modified in order to tune the model. Examples of changes made to the model as a result of
the reconciliations include increasing the mine dilution parameters to their current levels, and
increasing the anticipated mining losses.
19.6 Mineral Resource and Reserve Statement
The mineral resources at the Quiruvilca Mine were estimated by a consultant to PAS, Elmer Ildefonso
and the on-site geology department under the supervision of Dr. Michael Steinmann, P. Geo., Senior
Vice-President of Exploration and Geology for PAS. Following the application of mining parameters,
preparation of a mine plan, and an economic analysis, the measured and indicated portions of the
mineral resources were converted to proven and probable mineral reserves under the supervision of
Mr. Martin Wafforn, P. Eng., PAS Vice-President of Mine Engineering. All mineral resources and
reserves quoted are estimated in accordance with accepted industry practices, are in accordance
with the CIM Definitions Standards and are in compliance with NI 43-101.
64
MINERAL RESERVES
Proven and probable mineral reserve estimates for the Quiruvilca Mine as at July 31, 2007 are as
follows:
Table 19-2: Quiruvilca Mineral Reserves
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reserve |
|
|
|
|
|
Silver |
|
|
Ag Content |
|
|
Gold |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Category |
|
Tonnes |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
(ounces) |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
% Copper |
|
|
% Lead |
|
|
% Zinc |
|
Proven |
|
|
988,075 |
|
|
|
168 |
|
|
|
5,350,351 |
|
|
|
0.58 |
|
|
|
0.64 |
|
|
|
1.12 |
|
|
|
3.41 |
|
Probable |
|
|
492,093 |
|
|
|
152 |
|
|
|
2,402,414 |
|
|
|
0.47 |
|
|
|
0.76 |
|
|
|
1.21 |
|
|
|
4.05 |
|
Total |
|
|
1,480,168 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
7,752,766 |
|
|
|
0.55 |
|
|
|
0.68 |
|
|
|
1.15 |
|
|
|
3.62 |
|
Notes:
|
|
PAS reports mineral resources and mineral reserves separately. Reported mineral resources
do not include amounts identified as mineral reserves. |
|
|
|
PASs share is 100% of the total mineral resources. |
|
|
|
The geological model employed for Quiruvilca involves geological interpretations on
sections and plans derived from core drill-hole information and channel sampling. |
|
|
|
The mining and processing rate is currently 1,150 tonnes per day. |
|
|
|
Mineral resources for the principal structures are estimated with a 3 dimensional block
model using Datamine software. Mineral resources for minor structures are estimated using
polygonal methods on longitudinal sections. |
|
|
|
Environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio economic, political, marketing or
other issues are not expected to materially affect the above estimate of mineral resources. |
|
|
|
Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. |
|
|
|
Calculated using a price of $9.00 per ounce of silver, $2,100 per tonne of zinc, $1,000 per
tonne of lead and $5,000 per tonne of copper |
|
|
|
Estimates of mineral reserves are calculated on the basis of blocks exposed by underground
workings on one or more sides and having an in-place diluted value equal to or above the
cutoff grade ($27/tonne). Proven and probable mineral reserves are extrapolated between 15
and 30 metres down dip depending on vein continuity. |
|
|
|
Mineral reserve estimates for Quiruvilca were prepared under the supervision of, or were
reviewed by, Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., Senior Vice President Geology & Exploration of PAS,
and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Vice-President of Mine Engineering of PAS, as Qualified Persons
as that term is defined NI 43-101. |
The Quiruvilca Mine has proven and probable mineral reserves which indicate a projected mine life
of four years at current production rates. In addition, the mine holds a substantial amount of
measured and indicated resources, which management of PAS believes could be, depending on metal
prices and capital requirements, converted into proven and probable mineral reserves, extending the
mine life of the mine.
65
MINERAL RESOURCES
Mineral resource estimates for the Quiruvilca Mine as at July 31, 2007 are as follows:
Table 19-3: Quiruvilca Mineral Resources
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resource |
|
|
|
|
|
Silver |
|
|
Ag Content |
|
|
Gold |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Category |
|
Tonnes |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
(ounces) |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
% Copper |
|
|
% Lead |
|
|
% Zinc |
|
Measured |
|
|
4,239,427 |
|
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
18,271,750 |
|
|
|
0.59 |
|
|
|
1.15 |
|
|
|
0.85 |
|
|
|
2.28 |
|
Indicated |
|
|
1,018,488 |
|
|
|
175 |
|
|
|
5,739,868 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
|
|
0.73 |
|
|
|
1.29 |
|
|
|
3.72 |
|
Total M&I |
|
|
5,257,915 |
|
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
24,011,618 |
|
|
|
0.57 |
|
|
|
1.07 |
|
|
|
0.93 |
|
|
|
2.56 |
|
Inferred |
|
|
2,588,320 |
|
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
12,079,263 |
|
|
|
0.97 |
|
|
|
0.46 |
|
|
|
1.25 |
|
|
|
3.63 |
|
Notes:
|
|
PAS reports mineral resources and mineral reserves separately. Reported mineral resources
do not include amounts identified as mineral reserves. |
|
|
|
PASs share is 100% of the total mineral resources. |
|
|
|
The geological model employed for Quiruvilca involves geological interpretations on
sections and plans derived from core drill-hole information and channel sampling. |
|
|
|
The mining and processing rate is currently 1,150 tonnes per day. |
|
|
|
Mineral resources for the principal structures are estimated with a 3 dimensional block
model using Datamine software. Mineral resources for minor structures are estimated using
polygonal methods on longitudinal sections. |
|
|
|
Environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio economic, political, marketing or
other issues are not expected to materially affect the above estimate of mineral resources. |
|
|
|
Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic
viability. |
|
|
|
These mineral resources are in addition to mineral reserves. Calculated using a price of
$9.00 per ounce of silver, $2,100 per tonne of zinc, $1,000 per tonne of lead and $5,000 per
tonne of copper. |
|
|
|
Mineral resource estimates for Quiruvilca were prepared under the supervision of, or were
reviewed by, Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., Senior Vice President Geology & Exploration of PAS,
and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Vice-President of Mine Engineering of PAS, as Qualified Persons
as that term is defined in NI 43-101. |
Mineral reserves and resources have been calculated as at July 31, 2007 in accordance with the CIM
Definition Standards.
Although PAS believes that the mineral reserve and resource estimates for Quiruvilca will not be
materially impacted by external factors such as metallurgical, safety and environmental,
permitting, legal, taxation and other factors there can be no assurance that they will not be
impacted. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating mineral reserves and resources.
The accuracy of any reserve and resource estimation is the function of the quality of available
data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Results from drillings,
testing and production, as well as a material change in metals prices or a change in the planned
mining method, subsequent to the date of the estimate, may justify revision of such estimates.
66
20. Other Relevant Data and Information
No other data is relevant for the review of the Quiruvilca Mine operations.
67
21. Interpretation and Conclusions
Mr. Martin Wafforn, P. Eng., Vice President of Mine Engineering of PAS, and Dr. Michael Steinmann,
P. Geo., Senior Vice President of Exploration and Geology of PAS, both Qualified Persons, reviewed
pertinent data from the Quiruvilca Mine regarding exploration data and methods, mineral resource
and reserve estimates, metallurgy, and process performance. They determined that the estimates of
mineral resources and mineral reserves as of July 31, 2007 for the Quiruvilca Mine are in
accordance with the CIM Definition Standards. The authors further generally conclude the
following:
|
(1) |
|
The geology and mineralization of a large polymetallic system with over 130 different
veins on the mine property is well understood. Geological models appropriate to guide
mineral resource estimates have been developed in a professional manner. |
|
|
(2) |
|
Exploration drilling, sampling, sample preparation, assaying, density measurements and
drill-hole surveys have generally been carried out in accordance with industry standard
practices and are suitable to support mineral resource estimates. |
|
|
(3) |
|
Exploration and drilling programs are well-planned and executed and supply sufficient
information for mineral resource estimates and mineral resource classification. |
|
|
(4) |
|
Sampling and assaying includes a QA/QC program, supervised by the geology department
that includes external check samples and the routine submission of standards and blanks. |
|
|
(5) |
|
The Quiruvilca deposit resource model was developed using industry accepted methods.
The QPs validated the resource estimate and found it to be acceptable in both tonnage and
grade. |
|
|
(6) |
|
Mine designs have been developed using industry standard practices and appropriate
design criteria. Proven and probable mineral reserves were developed from measured and
indicated resources with appropriate application of cost and design criteria. |
|
|
(7) |
|
Mineral resources are classified as measured, indicated and inferred mineral resources.
Resource classification criteria are appropriate in terms of the confidence in grade
estimates and geological continuity and meet the requirements of NI 43-101 and the CIM
Definition Standards. |
|
|
(8) |
|
The economic analysis calculates that the Net Present Value is $-5.08 million at a 10%
discount rate and $-3.16 million at a 15% discount rate. The undiscounted after tax cash
flow is $-11.97 million. The NPV calculation included the closure costs of the Quiruvilca
Mine, which will be incurred regardless of continued operations. Without the closure cost
included, the undiscounted NPV is calculated to be $7.08 million. The average Quiruvilca
Mine unit total operating cost is projected to be $63.48 during 2008 to 2011. |
|
|
(9) |
|
The life of mine plan presented in this Technical Report is based solely on proven and
probable mineral reserves. The life of mine plan extends until 2011. |
68
22. Recommendations
The authors recommend execution of the Life-of-Mine Plan and Schedule at the Quiruvilca Mine
operation.
69
23. References
Report entitled Memoria Descriptiva Planta Concentradora Shorey dated November 6, 2007 by Edgar
Canta PAS Peru corporate metallurgist
Report entitled Plan de Cierre de la Unidad Minera Quiruvilca, Informe Final Proyecto No.
1-A-068-009 dated August 2006 by SVS Ingenieros S.A.
Opinion on the Quiruvilca Mining Properties, dated November 14, 2007 by Rodrigo, Elias &
Medrano Abogados (legal entity).
Report entitled Quiruvilca, Peru: Mineral Zoning and Timing of Wall-Rock Alteration Relative to
Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag Vein-Fill Deposition, Economic Geology Vol. 82 pp 1431-1452, dated 1987 by Paul J.
Bartos.
70
24. |
|
Additional Requirements for Technical Reports on Development Properties and Production
Properties |
24.1 Mining
24.1.1 Mine Layout
The Quiruvilca Mine extends over an area that is 4 km east/west by 3 km north/south and from an
elevation of 4,050 metres at the top of the mountain down to the 400 level (elevation 3,468
metres). Access to the mine is from four adits driven into the side of the mountain at elevations
ranging from 3,648 m to 3,870 m. The mine is sub-divided into two areas: the North Zone and the
South Zone, as outlined in Figure 25-1. Each zone is further distinguished by areas, which can be
grouped by common means of accessibility or infrastructure. A general schematic of these zones is
shown on Figure 11-3.
NORTH ZONE
The North Zone includes the Central area, Satellite area and the Codiciada area. This area of the
mine was previously closed down in 2003 as part of a strategic restructuring of the operation. The
area below the 220 level was allowed to flood and the proven and probable mineral reserves in the
area were downgraded to measured and indicated mineral resources. With the advent of higher metal
prices, production in the North Zone has now resumed, albeit at a smaller scale than before. Some
of the measured and indicated mineral resources are being converted once again to proven and
probable mineral reserves as they once again become part of the mine plan.
Production is focussed in the higher grade areas and those areas where ore is readily accessible. A
rehabilitation program is underway to provide access to explore for extensions of known veins. The
mine plan for 2008 and 2009 includes mining high silver grade ore in the Dina and Elisa veins by
developing small ramps below the 220 level. Current production from the North Zone is around 6,000
tonnes per month with average grades of 250 grams Ag and 2% Zn per tonne. The mine plan is
developed to manage or blend production from the areas of the North Zone that have elevated arsenic
and antimony grades in order to maintain concentrate grades that are marketable.
The North Zone is comprised of the levels Morococha, 50, 100, 160 and 220. The main access is
gained through the Central-Elvira shaft, which transports personnel and material from surface to
the 220 level. The Satellite shaft extends from the 220 level to below the 340 level and would
normally service the 280 and 340 levels; however, it is not operational at present because it is
flooded up to the 220 level. Although the hoist is being maintained and would otherwise be
operational, the life of mine plan presented in this Technical Report does not contemplate
dewatering the North block below the 220 level and converting the current mineral resources there
into mineral reserves. This remains an option but is currently considered to require higher metal
prices than those assumed in the preparation of this Technical Report.
The ore from all levels is fed by gravity via ore passes from the Morococha level down to the 220
level, Almirvilca Tunnel, which is the main extraction level. The layout of the 220 level,
including its general mine development plan for 2007-2008, is illustrated on Figure 25-2.
71
SOUTH ZONE
The South Block contains the Luz Angélica vein systems both above and below the main portal on the
220 level. The Souths area currently produces in the order of 24,000 t/month with average grades
of 120 grams Ag and 3.5% Zn per tonne.
LUZ ANGELICA AREA
The Luz Angélica Alta area is defined by the levels 3926, 3879, 3800, 3720 and 220. Access to this
area is through the existing mine entrances already developed on each of the levels, as shown in
Figures 6-4A to 6-4G.
The ore is collected through the 415 ore pass, which goes from the 3926 level down to the principal
level of extraction on level 220.
MINE DEEPENING AREA
Principal access and transport is through the main ramp. In each level of this area there are
independent ore and waste bins that feed on to the conveyor belt that is used for ore and waste
extraction from level 340 up to level 220. The conveyor discharges ore or waste into bins from
where it is either fed in to the crusher in the case of ore, or trammed to the waste dump.
The conveyor stops below the 340 level., Ore from the 400 level, and from any subsequently deeper
levels, will be hauled up to the 340 level and fed onto the conveyor belt for transport to surface.
There are two haulage systems for the 400 level: the first consists of a 4 m by 4 m haulage ramp to
access the Luz Angelica vein and the vein splits near to the Luz Angelica vein. This ramp has now
been developed and ore is hauled up in a 15 ton (13.6 tonnes) capacity mine truck and dumped into a
pass that feeds onto the conveyor.
The second haulage system accesses the Zoila Gata vein system it comprises of a small 3 m by 3 m
access ramp and an inclined shaft between the 340 and 400 levels that is currently in construction
and is expected to be completed by the end of 2007. After being hoisted up the inclined shaft, ore
and waste will be hauled using the existing 340 level rail haulage system to the conveyor-way for
conveying to surface. While awaiting the completion of this inclined shaft, the Zoila Gata vein
system is being developed using the access ramp and a scooptram to haul away ore and waste.
Plan drawings of the 340 and 400 level are shown in Figure 25-3 and Figure 25-4.
PASQ plans to continue to develop the Luz Angelica ramp system down to the 460 level and start
mining. Although it is thought to be likely that the vein systems continue on to the 460 level, and
the mine has operated for many years with a small proven and probable mineral reserve base, there
is not sufficient diamond drill information to record a large proven and probable mineral reserve
on that level. Consequently, the life of mine plan presented in this Technical Report only
considers mining ore on the 460 level that is in the proven and probable mineral reserve category.
72
24.1.2 Mining Method
There are, on average, 60 active stopes at any given time, almost all using the overhand cut and
fill mining method, and in the rare case, shrinkage stoping. Overhand cut and fill is done by one
of two methods depending on local conditions.
1) |
|
Upper Stoping Illustrated in Figure 25-5. |
|
|
|
Mined in 17.5 m long by 2.1 m high cuts; width varies with vein. |
|
|
|
|
Working level is accessed by a timbered man-way also serving as a ventilation raise and
an ore-pass. |
|
|
|
|
Miners drill above themselves at a 50 degree angle using a stoper drill and 8 ft (2.44
m) drill steel. Drilling is done on top of a previously backfilled stope. |
|
|
|
|
Once blasted, the ore is mucked down the ore pass with a slusher. |
|
|
|
|
Backfill barricade is positioned and hydraulic fill is pumped via the man-way. |
2) |
|
Breasting Illustrated in Figure 25-6. |
|
|
|
Similar to upper stoping, except ore is drilled horizontally while the driller is
standing on top of previously blasted ore. Thus, extraction of ore is left until the entire
span of the stope has been blasted. |
|
|
|
|
This method is less productive than upper stoping and is typically only used in areas
with difficult ground conditions where more control is required. |
Approximately one-third of the stopes are typically in the drilling and blasting phase, one-third
in the mucking phase and one-third in the filling phase at any given time. In stopes where
hydraulic backfill is not available, or in places where the vein is very narrow and would not
otherwise be economic, resueing is employed with the waste rock remaining in the stope as backfill.
In all other stopes, tailings are poured into the stope hydraulically to serve as backfill.
DRILLING AND BLASTING
The drilling operation is performed with pneumatic Jackleg drills, using 2, 4, 6 and 8 ft (0.61 m
to 2.44 m) drill steel with 36 and 38 mm diameter bits. The blasts are done with emulsion and gel
dynamite explosives. The mine currently has 83 jacklegs either in operation or being rebuilt.
MUCKING
Mucking the broken ore in the cut and fill stopes is done utilizing 15 hp, 20 hp, 25 hp and 35 hp
slushers (the mine has 76 of these slusher winches) that have 25 to 36 inch buckets.
Mucking of development heading is done with either 1.5 yd3 (1.15 m3)capacity
scooptrams (of which the mine has 2) or more commonly, using compressed air overshot shovels (of
which the mine has 23). The compressed air shovels are a mix of Atlas Copco LM56 and Eimco 12B
machines.
73
SUPPORT
Wooden boards and posts are used in the stope cuts to support the backs and to support the walls as
required. Based on the results of geotechnical assessments that are routinely carried out, bolts
(Split Set, Mechanical) are used in the development heading where their use is deemed necessary.
Shotcrete and welded mesh screen are used to a lesser degree but are available for application in
longer term infrastructure such as the hoist-room for the new inclined shaft that has been
developed to the Zoila Gata vein between the 340 and 400 levels.
TRANSPORT
Small 4 or 4.5 ton (3.63 or 4.08 tonnes) battery locomotives are used to haul ore and waste in mine
cars on the levels from the stopes and development headings to ore and waste passes. The mine has
20 of these battery locomotives and they typically haul using trains of varying numbers of mine
cars. In the upper levels of the mine (above 220 level) headings are smaller and mine cars of 40
ft3 (30.58 m3) capacity are used. The mine has a fleet of 111 of these mine
cars that are in a constant cycle of operation, rebuilding and replacing. The mine also has a fleet
of 54 mine cars of 84 ft3 (64.22 m3) capacity that are used on surface, 220,
280 and 340 levels.
Ore from the upper levels of the mine is delivered to ore passes, which transfer it to the 220 main
haulage level. A 12 ton (10.89 tonnes) capacity and a new 8 ton capacity trolley locomotive are
used with a fleet of 22 larger mine cars (2 of 100 ft3 (76.46 m3) capacity
and 20 of 120 ft3 (91.75 m3) capacity) to transport ore from the ore and
waste passes on the 220 level to the coarse ore bins at the crushing plant and to the waste dump.
TRANSPORT: MINE DEEPENING
A 590 m long, 76 cm wide, conveyor is used to transport ore and waste from below the 220 level to a
surface bin at the 220 level. The conveyor belt has a capacity of 150 t/hr. The mine completed the
extension of this conveyor belt down to the 340 level in August of 2005. Ore from the 400 level
will be transported up to the 340 level in order to utilize the conveyor belt for haulage to
surface. Ore from the 400 level Luz Angelica vein system will be trucked up a ramp using 2 to 15
ton (1.81 to 13.61 tonnes) capacity 4 wheel drive mine haulage trucks. Ore from the Zoila Gata vein
system will be hoisted via an inclined shaft using a 50 hp Ingersoll Rand winch that has been
installed on the 340 level. The haulage and access systems for the 400 level were started in 2006.
The ramp system for the Luz Angelica vein is now completed and is in use. The ramp to the Zoila
Gata vein is completed and is in use for the vein development on 400 level. The excavation works
for the inclined shaft and associated infrastructure are almost complete and the mine is currently
working on the civil, mechanical and electrical systems required for completion. The inclined shaft
is projected to be completed by the end of 2007.
VENTILATION
The main mine ventilation system is separated into two main circuits. For the North Zone and the
Mine Deepening Area, fresh air is taken in through a main fan located in the Luz Angélica area in
the Almirvilca Tunnel and the access ramp. Primary ventilation fans are 150 hp, 100 hp and 60 hp
capacity and provide sufficient ventilations to effectively clear blasting fumes and the exhaust
fumes of the few pieces of diesel equipment that are in operation at the mine.
74
For the Luz Angélica levels (220, 3720, 3800, 3870 and 3926) fresh air is taken in through each of
the levels mine entrances, primarily by the natural air flow caused by the pressure differential.
These levels have auxiliary (booster) fans in the mines interior.
Auxiliary ventilation fans sizes are typically between 5 hp to 20 hp and direct the air from the
primary circuits into the stopes and the development headings. Larger auxiliary fans of 50 hp and
60 hp capacity are being used to provide ventilation for the current deepening projects to the 400
level and the 460 level.
BACKFILL
Tailings from the mill are directed to the hydraulic fill plant located near the Santa Catalina
Tailings Impoundment. The fine fraction is removed with cyclones, and the coarse fraction is
directed to the storage tanks in the hydraulic fill plant. The sand-fill is pumped 2,700 m to the
Luz Angelica distribution plant, or a further 1,600 m to the Central distribution plant through a
76 mm HDPE line. These distribution plants are equipped with 170 m3 storage tanks.
When backfill is required underground, the fill is re-slurried and pumped underground. The monthly
hydraulic backfill volume averages 5,200 m3.
PUMPING
Water inflows to the mine vary with the season and the amount of rainfall on surface., Water is
pumped to surface using primarily 50 hp 3 x 4 pumps and 150 hp 3 stage centrifugal pumps. Mining is
not below the water table and the amount of water inflow is not expected to increase significantly
over current annual average levels throughout the life of mine plan.
COMPRESSED AIR
The mine has a nominal 9,600 CFM (7,340 m3/min) at 125 psi (861 kPa) of compressor
capacity installed on surface, including two new 1,500 CFM (1,447 m3/min) compressors
installed in 2007. Calculation of actual compressor capacity should include adjustments (derating)
for altitude; however this is sufficient capacity to continue to operate the mine at its existing
output as planned in the life of mine plan presented in this Technical Report.
24.1.3 External Dumps
In the past the principal waste rock dump was the La Codiciada waste rock dump located across the
Shorey River near the Almirvilca Tunnel outlet. Natural flows from the Shorey River are diverted
into small tunnels located at the right abutment of the storage impoundment and discharged
downstream of the impoundment toe. This dump is now closed and being rehabilitated. Currently all
waste rock generated from the mine is stored within the limits of the Santa Catalina tailings
storage impoundment which is described in section 24.4.
In 2007 the waste rock area was reconfigured in conformance with the designs for the final closure
of this impoundment. The natural drainage path of the Shorey River was re-established with the
excavation of a large spillway at the right abutment of the impoundment. The spillway has been
designed by external consultants to handle the estimated probable maximum flow. A river training
dike was constructed at the upstream intake of the spillway to direct river flows towards the
spillway. The erosion protection works along the spillway remain to be completed. Once completed,
the tunnels will be decommissioned and all flows directed through the spillway. The downstream
slopes of the waste rock dump were reconfigured with benches and uniform slopes to minimize
erosion.
75
24.2 Milling
In 2006, the concentrator plant processed 370,115 tonnes of ore. Processing is expected to be in
this range throughout the life of mine plan. The actual capacity of the mill is much higher than
this, in the order of 700,000 tonnes per annum as evidenced by historic production levels before
PAS initiated a strategic restructuring and reduced the output from the North Zone in 2003. In the
opinion of Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., the mill is easily capable of processing the production forecast
in the life of mine plan.
Quiruvilca operates a mill using froth induced flotation technology to produce silver in copper,
lead, and zinc concentrates. The mill flowsheet consists of three-stage-crushing, ball mill
grinding and selective flotation of the ore to concentrates, followed by thickening and filtering
of the concentrates.
The Quiruvilca deposit is polymetallic comprising the following main minerals:
|
|
|
Copper minerals: Tetrahedrite and Chalcopyrite |
|
|
|
|
Silver minerals: Argentiferous tetrahedrite, freibergite |
|
|
|
|
Lead mineral: Galena |
|
|
|
|
Zinc minerals: Sphalerite, Marmatite |
|
|
|
|
Gangue minerals: Pyrite, Rhodocrosite, Quartz |
The mill is old; however it was well-built by ASARCO, who was a previous owner of the mine. As most
of the equipment is old, it is easier to quote equipment sizes in imperial units.
The mill flow sheet is provided in Figure 25-7.
24.2.1 Crushing
The crushing plant has 2 coarse ore bins of 1,000 tons capacity each. Ore is fed via feeders from
each storage bin (one feeder is 48 inches by 28 ft and the other is 36 inches by 17 ft 6 inches)
onto a reversible 30 inch wide by 187 ft long conveyor belt. From there the ore travels over a
sequence of conveyor belts and through a 5 ft by 7.5 ft vibrating grizzly. The oversize is then
crushed in a 24 inch by 36 inch jaw crusher. The ore then travels to a double deck screen with the
top screen at 2 inches with the reject from this screen going to a 4 1/4 ft Symons cone crusher. The
bottom screen is 3/4 inch with the reject going to a 3 ft Symons short head cone crusher. The final
crushing product is conveyed up the hill to the process plant via conveyor belts of 24 inches by
990 ft feeding another belt of 24 inches by 456 ft.
24.2.2 Grinding and Classification
The crushed ore is stored in fine ore bins of 1,000 tons and 400 tons capacity. There are 2
grinding circuits available. As a result of metallurgical testing, emphasis is given to operating
the circuit with a 9.5 ft diameter by 12 ft long primary ball mill and a 7 ft diameter by 7 ft long
secondary mill. Final product from this circuit is 60% to 62% minus 200 mesh. The other grinding
circuit available is a 9.5 ft diameter primary mill operating in closed circuit with a 6 ft
diameter by 4.5 ft long ball mill using a D-20 hydrocyclone.
76
24.2.3 Flotation
The pulp from the grinding circuit is fed to the flotation cells at a density of 1,310 to 1,340
grams per litre. Bulk flotation to produce a copper / lead concentrate is followed by copper and
then zinc.
Bulk flotation occurs in 3 stages: primary rougher is in an OK16 cell, followed by secondary
rougher comprising 3 DR300 cells and the third rougher is 2 DR300 cells. The froth from the
roughers is sent to cleaning in 10 DR21 cells and is the bulk concentrate for lead / copper
separation. The tailings from the DR21 cells go to a scavenger cleaner and the froth is returned to
the first cleaner the tails are returned to the first rougher cell.
Copper / lead separation is done in 2 DR21 cells where the copper is depressed with MIXC at a pH
of 12. The lead that is floated goes to a primary and secondary cleaning. The lead concentrate
obtained typically
grades 55% to 58% lead (55% used in the economic analysis for this Technical Report). The tailings
from this stage are the copper pre-concentrates and go to a thickener.
The copper pre-concentrates are re-ground in a Hardinge mill operating in a closed circuit with a
D-6 hydrocyclone. The cyclone overflow is sent to bulk flotation in 4 Wemco cells and the froth
going to the first cleaning stage and the tailings returning to the head (lead / copper rougher).
Cleaning consists of 4 Wemco 43 x 46 using a MIX reagent. The froth is added to the lead
concentrate and the tailings from this step become the copper concentrate.
The tailings from the bulk concentrate become the feed for the zinc flotation circuit. First the
pulp goes to 2 10 ft diameter by 10 ft conditioning cells after conditioning to 2 rougher stages
and the froth is sent to 3 cleaners in a conventional circuit where the zinc concentrate is
produced. The tailings from the 3 rougher cells are the final tailings.
24.2.4 Thickening and Filtering
The lead concentrate is thickened in a Denver 16 ft diameter by 8 ft high thickener. The
concentrate is fed at a density of 2,000 grams per litre to a Peterson 8 ft diameter by 12 ft drum
filter. The final concentrate has a moisture content of approximately 9%.
In the same way, the copper concentrate is thickened in a Denver 16 foot diameter by 8 ft thickener
and fed with a pulp density of 2,200 grams per litre to a Peterson 6 ft diameter by 8 ft drum
filter. The final concentrate has a moisture content of approximately 11%.
The zinc concentrate goes to a 36 ft diameter by 10 ft Dorrco thickener and is later fed to a Dorr
Oliver 11 ft diameter by 12 ft drum filter at a density of 1,900 grams per litre. The final
concentrate has a moisture content of approximately 8%.
77
24.2.5 Reagents Used in the Plant
Table 24-1 provides a summary of typical reagent consumption rates.
Table 24-1: Typical reagent consumption rates
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reagents |
|
cc/min |
|
|
g/tonne |
|
ZnSO4/CNNa |
|
|
1,080 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
CuSO4 |
|
|
1,030 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
Xanthate Z-11 |
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
86 |
|
MIBC |
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
34 |
|
ZnO/CNNa |
|
|
1,700 |
|
|
|
69 |
|
Xanthate Z-6 |
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
HNaSO3 |
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
82 |
|
24.3 Metal Recovery
The projected recoveries used in the economic analysis are shown in section 18.
Projected metallurgy in the LOM plan has been summarized as follows:
|
|
Copper concentrates contain 18% to 27% copper depending on the head grades. Copper
recoveries vary from 70% to 75%. The silver grade in the copper concentrate is projected to
vary from 3,600 g/t to 4,600 g/t. |
|
|
|
Lead concentrates contain 55% lead and recover 80% of the lead contained in the feed.
Silver grades in the lead concentrate are projected to be between 2,000 g/t and 2680 g/t
depending on the head grade. Overall silver recovery to the copper and lead concentrates
averages 82%. |
|
|
|
Zinc concentrates contain 55% to 56.5% zinc at a recovery of 82.5% to 85.5%. |
Table 24-2 sets out the metallurgical balance for 2007 to the end of August and is included to
demonstrate the performance capability of the mill.
Table 24-3 has been included to show the general trend of historical recoveries of metals at the
Quiruvilca Mine.
78
Table 24-2: Metallurgical balance for 2007 to the end of August
METALLURGICAL BALANCE 2007 (August)
PRODUCT COMPOSITION
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tonnes |
|
|
Au |
|
|
Ag |
|
|
Cu |
|
|
Pb |
|
|
Zn |
|
PRODUCT |
|
Produced |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
(g/t) |
|
|
(%) |
|
|
(%) |
|
|
(%) |
|
Copper Concentrate |
|
|
4,829.065 |
|
|
|
3.94 |
|
|
|
4,964.73 |
|
|
|
22.82 |
|
|
|
3.10 |
|
|
|
8.64 |
|
Lead Concentrate |
|
|
3,131.289 |
|
|
|
4.39 |
|
|
|
2,734.53 |
|
|
|
4.96 |
|
|
|
53.89 |
|
|
|
4.40 |
|
Zinc Concentrate |
|
|
8,769.952 |
|
|
|
1.10 |
|
|
|
175.33 |
|
|
|
0.64 |
|
|
|
0.48 |
|
|
|
54.55 |
|
Tailings |
|
|
222,131.694 |
|
|
|
0.92 |
|
|
|
30.85 |
|
|
|
0.08 |
|
|
|
0.09 |
|
|
|
0.23 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
TOTAL |
|
|
238,862.000 |
|
|
|
1.03 |
|
|
|
171.35 |
|
|
|
0.62 |
|
|
|
0.87 |
|
|
|
2.45 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PRODUCT CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Au |
|
|
Ag |
|
|
Cu |
|
|
Pb |
|
|
Zn |
|
PRODUCT |
|
|
|
|
|
(g) |
|
|
(g) |
|
|
(tonnes) |
|
|
(tonnes) |
|
|
(tonnes) |
|
Copper Concentrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
19,018.2 |
|
|
|
23,975,016.4 |
|
|
|
1,101.8 |
|
|
|
149.8 |
|
|
|
417.4 |
|
Lead Concentrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,738.0 |
|
|
|
8,562,599.0 |
|
|
|
155.3 |
|
|
|
1,687.5 |
|
|
|
137.9 |
|
Zinc Concentrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
9,612.9 |
|
|
|
1,537,619.5 |
|
|
|
56.1 |
|
|
|
41.9 |
|
|
|
4,784.2 |
|
Tailings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
204,051.3 |
|
|
|
6,853,419.6 |
|
|
|
178.0 |
|
|
|
197.3 |
|
|
|
511.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Metal Content |
|
|
|
|
|
|
246,420.3 |
|
|
|
40,928,654.5 |
|
|
|
1,491.1 |
|
|
|
2,076.6 |
|
|
|
5,850.7 |
|
Actual Metal Recovered |
|
|
|
|
|
|
42,369.0 |
|
|
|
34,075,234.9 |
|
|
|
1,101.8 |
|
|
|
1,687.5 |
|
|
|
4,784.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
% RECOVERY |
|
PRODUCT |
|
|
|
|
|
Au |
|
|
Ag |
|
|
Cu |
|
|
Pb |
|
|
Zn |
|
Copper Concentrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.72 |
% |
|
|
58.58 |
% |
|
|
73.89 |
% |
|
|
7.22 |
% |
|
|
7.13 |
% |
Lead Concentrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
5.58 |
% |
|
|
20.92 |
% |
|
|
10.41 |
% |
|
|
81.26 |
% |
|
|
2.36 |
% |
Zinc Concentrate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.90 |
% |
|
|
3.76 |
% |
|
|
3.76 |
% |
|
|
2.02 |
% |
|
|
81.77 |
% |
Tailings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
82.80 |
% |
|
|
16.74 |
% |
|
|
11.94 |
% |
|
|
9.50 |
% |
|
|
8.74 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
100.00 |
% |
|
|
100.00 |
% |
|
|
100.00 |
% |
|
|
100.00 |
% |
|
|
100.00 |
% |
Actual Recovery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
17.20 |
% |
|
|
83.26 |
% |
|
|
73.89 |
% |
|
|
81.26 |
% |
|
|
81.77 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
79
Table 24-3: Historical metal recovery of milling facilities.
80
24.4 Mine Water Management
The main source of acid mine drainage (AMD) are the extensive underground mine workings. Flows
from surface tailings and waste rock storage areas also contribute to AMD. These flows are
collected and directed to the water treatment plant constructed near the outlet of the Almirvilca
Tunnel. The water treatment plant was constructed in 1997. Annual water volume treated has been
between 2 million to 2.5 million cubic metres over the last 5 years.
The capacity of the water treatment plant is 300 m3/hr. The plant does have the capacity
to treat a maximum of 400 m3/hr during the rainy season when additional amounts of
runoff water have been treated. The additional water treated normally starts at a better quality
than the mine water. The water coming from the mine workings usually has a pH of approximately
1.60.
The effluent treatment plant is a high density sludge mechanical treatment plant designed to treat
the low pH, high metal loading flows emanating from the mine and other sources. The treatment
plant produces a sludge which is sent to the San Felipe storage impoundment for permanent disposal.
Drainage is collected in a flash- mix tank. Lime and re-circulated mud will be mixed in a mud-lime
tank prior to starting the process. This mix will pass to a flash-mix tank where two reactions will
occur:
M+2 + SO4-2 + Ca+2 + 2(OH)- + 3 H2O
_____
M(OH)2 + CaSO4 +3H2O
2M+3 + 3(SO4)-2 + 3Ca+2 + 6(OH)- + 6 H2O
2M(OH)3 + 3CaSO4 + 2H2O |
The product of these reactions is collected in a reactor vessel where air is added in order to
provide the required oxygen for completing oxidation of the Fe+2. The reactor tank
discharge passes to the clarifier where separation occurs. The underflow is mud with approximately
30% solids and the overflow is the final treated effluent that is discharged into the river free of
contaminants with a pH between 7 and 8. Part of this mud (75%) is re-circulated once more so as to
start the process in the mud-lime tank and the excess will be passed out to the former San Felipe
tailings impoundment.
The mine is operating in compliance with its environmental permits.
24.5 Tailings Management
SANTA CATALINA IMPOUNDMENT
The final tailings from the plant is pumped to the Santa Catalina tailings impoundment by four 6 x
6 Ash pumps. The tailings feed an 8 x 6 Denver pump which pumps to a cyclone nest to classify
the tailings into coarse and fine sediments. The coarse sediments are used for hydraulic backfill
and for dam building.
The tailings impoundment is formed with the construction of two dams termed the Main Dam and the
Intermediate Dike.
The Main Dam is constructed from cycloned tailings sand. The coarse fraction of the tailings is
separated from the fined portion and discharged at the crest and downstream slope of the Main Dam.
Continuous, or periodic, cycloning of the tailings sand allows for the raising of the dam crest.
The finer portion of the tailings from the cycloning process is discharged into the tailings
impoundment.
81
The stability of the Main Dam was assessed by external consultants in 1996 in order to estimate the
seismic and static stability of the dam embankment. The stability assessment included electric
piezocone testing of the tailings in the dam. The testing was used to estimate the in-situ
properties of the tailings material composing the body of the dam embankment. The results of the
stability assessment indicated that the high seismicity of the area resulted in the likelihood of
sufficient ground accelerations to induce liquefaction of the tailings dam with the risk of failure
of the dam. The stability assessment identified the need to build a toe buttress at the Main Dam
in order to increase the factors of safety against failure to acceptable levels. The lower portion
of the toe buttress was constructed of rockfill in 1997. The toe buttress has subsequently been
raised, as per design recommendations, using cycloned tailings placed with a dozer. The target
static and seismic factors of safety have been achieved with the construction of the toe berm. As
the dam is raised the factors of safety are maintained by increasing the height of the berm crest.
The Intermediate Dike is a zoned earthfill dam constructed with a low permeability clay core, a
sand filter, gravel filter and downstream rockfill zone. It is the smaller of the two dams. The
Intermediate Dike is designed as a water retaining structure as the fine tailings and slurry water
are impounded against its upstream slope. As additional storage is required in the impoundment the
dike is raised using the downstream method of dam raising. The intermediate dike crest elevation
is being raised in 2007 to provide an additional three years of tailings storage capacity.
Surface water inflow into the Santa Catalina tailings impoundment is minimized with the
construction of a diversion canal. The canal is located along the perimeter of the impoundment in
the area where there is a large catchment region uphill of the tailings impoundment. The slurry
water and direct precipitation entering into the impoundment is collected in a sloping decant
intake located near the abutment of the Intermediate Dike. The decant line is located below the
tailings impoundment and discharges at the toe of the Main Dam from where it is re-circulated to
the processing plant. An emergency spillway is located at the abutment of the Intermediate Dike to
provide safety against overtopping of the dams in the case of extreme precipitation.
SAN FELIPE IMPOUNDMENT
The San Felipe tailings impoundment was used to store tailings from the Quiruvilca Mine in the
past. The impoundment is formed by a dam constructed of mine tailings located at the downstream
limit of a side drainage to the Shorey River downstream of the processing plant.
The stability of the tailings dam was assessed in 1997 by external consultants. The assessment
included the use of electric piezocone testing to characterize the tailings composing the dam
embankment. The assessment indicated that high site seismicity could lead to the liquefaction of
tailings within the dam embankment. The construction of a stabilizing berm was recommended in
order to improve the stability of dam to acceptable levels. The stabilizing berm was constructed
and a series of pneumatic and vibrating wire piezometers have been installed to monitor the dam
pore water pressures. The stabilization measures included the provision for constructing a
containment dike at the crest of the impoundment to provide storage for the sludge from the water
treatment plant. The containment dike will be raised in 2008 in order to provide additional
storage capacity. The storage of sludge at the San Felipe storage impoundment has been identified
in the PAMA as part of the closure of this impoundment. The sludge will provide an effective low
permeability cover to minimize infiltration of precipitation into the underlying tailings.
82
24.6 Marketing
The principal products from the Quiruvilca Mine are zinc, and silver-rich lead and copper
concentrates. All of these concentrates are sold under arms length contracts to metals trading
companies or integrated mining and smelting companies. Under the terms of all of its sales
contracts, PASQ receives payment for an agreed percentage of the silver, lead, zinc, or copper
contained in the concentrate, after deductions for smelting and refining costs.
In 2006, zinc concentrate was sold to Glencore International AG (Glencore) under a contract which
runs until 2009.
Currently, the Quiruvilca Mine sells its lead concentrate to Glencore pursuant to a contract with
fixed terms through to the end of 2007.
A contract for the sale of copper concentrate was renewed with Doe Run Peru for 2007 and 2008. Spot
sales were made to Xstrata Copper Canada (Xstrata), BHL Peru S.A.C. (BHL), and Traxys Belgium
S.A. / N.V. (Traxys) during 2006.
During 2006 and 2005, the revenue per type of concentrate produced at the Quiruvilca Mine was as
follows:
Table 24-4: Concentrate Revenues 2006.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average Sales Price |
|
2006 |
|
($ Million) |
|
|
Tonnes Sold |
|
|
($/Tonne) |
|
Copper Concentrate |
|
|
23.2 |
|
|
|
6,705 |
|
|
|
3,460 |
|
Lead Concentrate |
|
|
8.2 |
|
|
|
6,372 |
|
|
|
1,287 |
|
Zinc Concentrate |
|
|
18.8 |
|
|
|
15,949 |
|
|
|
1,179 |
|
Table 24-5: Concentrate Revenues 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average Sales Price |
|
2005 |
|
($ Million) |
|
|
Tonnes Sold |
|
|
($/ Tonne) |
|
Copper Concentrate |
|
|
12.3 |
|
|
|
6,681 |
|
|
|
1,838 |
|
Lead Concentrate |
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
3,237 |
|
|
|
919 |
|
Zinc Concentrate |
|
|
6.9 |
|
|
|
18,011 |
|
|
|
381 |
|
The zinc concentrates produced by the Quiruvilca Mine are highly marketable as they contain high
zinc grade, low levels of impurities and low silver content. The lead concentrates have arsenic and
antimony as impurities but are attractive to lead smelters due to their high lead, silver and gold
content. Although the silver-rich copper concentrate produced by the Quiruvilca Mine contains
arsenic and antimony impurities, it has maintained marketability due to the high amount of silver
contained in the concentrate. To date, PAS has been able to secure contracts for the sale of the
Quiruvilca concentrates.
24.7 Contracts
24.7.1 Sales Contracts
Below is a list of contracts held by PASQ for future production. The terms of smelting contracts
are confidential as specified within each contract. However, Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., has reviewed
these terms and compared them with similar contracts outside of PAS and considers these contracts
to be within industry norms. There are no hedging or forward sales contracts.
83
Table 24-6: Summary of Concentrate Sales Contracts.
Contract Sales for Quiruvilca 2008-09
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales |
|
Contract Duration |
|
|
Client |
|
(Tonnes Per Year) |
|
(Year) |
Copper Concentrate |
|
Doe Run Peru S.A.C |
|
5,000 to 7,000 |
|
2008 |
|
|
Xstrata Copper Canada |
|
2,400 |
|
2008 - 2009 |
Lead Concentrate |
|
Glencore International AG |
|
4,500 |
|
2008 - 2009 |
Zinc Concentrate |
|
Glencore International AG |
|
Total Production |
|
2008 - 2009 |
24.7.2 Other Contracts
PASQ holds a contract with JR Contratistas, a mining contractor, to the end of 2007. Also, PASQ has
a contract with Compania DID S.A.,C., a transport service for the delivery of concentrates, until
July 2008. Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., does not foresee any problems with renewing contracts if
services are further required.
Current electricity rates are 5 cents per kilowatt hour. There is a risk that PASQ might not be
able to secure a new long term electricity contract and the cost of electricity might increase to 8
cents per kilowatt hour. Current life of mine scheduling is based on 104 kilowatt hours per tonne
of ore mined and if the cost is increased by 3 cents per kilowatt hour, the new schedule would be
increased by approximately 3 kilowatt hours per tonne to a total of 107 kilowatt hours per tonne.
24.8 Taxes
The following is a summary of current Peruvian fiscal rates and legislation.
24.8.1 Fiscal Depreciation Rates
The following is a summary of the annual depreciation rates for various types of assets:
|
|
|
Exploration, mine development, mine rehabilitation: 100% |
|
|
|
|
Mine equipment: 20% |
|
|
|
|
Vehicles: 20% |
|
|
|
|
Computers: 25% |
|
|
|
|
Buildings and other infrastructure: 3% |
|
|
|
|
Other: 10% |
24.8.2 Income Tax and Workers Participation
The corporate tax rate on taxable income in Peru is 30%. The workers participation rate is 8%.
Workers participation is deductible from taxable income. Therefore, the effective income tax /
workers participation rate is 35.6%
24.8.3 Value Added Taxes
The value added tax (VAT) rate in Peru is 19%. VAT is paid on all goods and services except for
direct labour costs. Indirect labour costs (i.e. contractors and sub-contractors) are subject to
VAT.
VAT is recovered through domestic sales. A 19% VAT rate is applied to all domestic sales and is
applied against the VAT receivable. Companies cannot recover more VAT in any period than the amount
accounted for as being receivable.
84
24.8.4 Government Mining Roaylties
Mining royalties are charged on revenues net of refining, smelting, transportation, and general
selling charges. Mining royalties are escalated in the following manner:
|
|
|
1% on the first $60 million of net revenues |
|
|
|
|
2% on net revenues from $60 million to $120 million |
|
|
|
|
3% on net revenues above $120 million |
Government mining royalties are income tax deductible. There are no private royalties payable.
24.8.5 Voluntary Contributions
Voluntary contributions are paid into two separate mine funds: local and regional funds. The
contributions calculations are based on after tax net income. The following are the rates on the
two funds:
|
|
|
Local mining fund: 2% of after tax net income minus mining royalties. |
|
|
|
|
Regional mining fund: 1% of after tax net income. |
85
24.9 Capital and Operating Costs
24.9.1 Capital Expenditures
During 2006, capital expenditures were approximately $1.9 million and consisted of:
|
1. |
|
equipment replacement and improvements totalling $0.5 million; |
|
|
2. |
|
mine development and deepening to the 400 level totalling $0.5
million; and |
|
|
3. |
|
definition drilling in the north zone of the mine totalling $0.9
million. |
Table 24-7 is a summary of the capital expenditures forecasted in the life of mine plan. Highlights
of the 2007 capital budget consist of:
|
1. |
|
$1.7 million for mine development and equipment; |
|
|
2. |
|
$0.9 million for mine equipment; and |
|
|
3. |
|
$1.0 million for expansion of the Santa Catalina tailings dam. |
Table 24-7: Life of Mine projected capital expenditures.
LOM
SUMMARY OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES (in $ 000s)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Area |
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
Geology |
|
$ |
25 |
|
|
$ |
691 |
|
|
$ |
300 |
|
|
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
Mine |
|
$ |
1,656 |
|
|
$ |
2,423 |
|
|
$ |
500 |
|
|
$ |
250 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
Plant |
|
$ |
187 |
|
|
$ |
113 |
|
|
$ |
24 |
|
|
$ |
15 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
Maintenance |
|
$ |
889 |
|
|
$ |
1,156 |
|
|
$ |
500 |
|
|
$ |
250 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
Safety & Environment |
|
$ |
100 |
|
|
$ |
541 |
|
|
$ |
564 |
|
|
$ |
1,184 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
Other |
|
$ |
1,601 |
|
|
$ |
352 |
|
|
$ |
190 |
|
|
$ |
50 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
$ |
4,458 |
|
|
$ |
5,274 |
|
|
$ |
2,078 |
|
|
$ |
1,849 |
|
|
$ |
100 |
|
86
24.9.2 Operating Costs
Operating costs as accounted by the mines certified accountant for the year-to-date as of the end
of August 2007 is shown in the table below.
Table 24-8: Accounting summary of 2007 operating cost to the end of August.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BUDGET |
|
|
ACTUAL |
|
|
DIFF |
|
|
VAR |
|
Tonnes Milled |
|
|
250,688 |
|
|
|
238,862 |
|
|
|
(11,826 |
) |
|
|
-4.7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Smelter Return |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zinc Concentrate |
|
$ |
10,493,288 |
|
|
$ |
9,242,357 |
|
|
$ |
(1,250,931 |
) |
|
|
-11.9 |
% |
Lead Concentrate |
|
$ |
3,868,481 |
|
|
$ |
5,738,816 |
|
|
$ |
1,870,335 |
|
|
|
48.3 |
% |
Copper Concentrate |
|
$ |
9,703,583 |
|
|
$ |
13,051,165 |
|
|
$ |
3,347,583 |
|
|
|
34.5 |
% |
Unbudgeted Tenders |
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
|
0.0 |
% |
Mining Royalties |
|
$ |
(240,654 |
) |
|
$ |
(300,412 |
) |
|
$ |
(59,759 |
) |
|
|
24.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total NSR |
|
$ |
23,824,698 |
|
|
$ |
27,731,926 |
|
|
$ |
3,907,228 |
|
|
|
16.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Costs |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mine |
|
$ |
5,548,402 |
|
|
$ |
6,408,728 |
|
|
$ |
(860,326 |
) |
|
|
-15.5 |
% |
Processing |
|
$ |
804,053 |
|
|
$ |
889,664 |
|
|
$ |
(85,611 |
) |
|
|
-10.6 |
% |
Water Treatment Plant |
|
$ |
709,837 |
|
|
$ |
774,851 |
|
|
$ |
(65,015 |
) |
|
|
-9.2 |
% |
Planning & Engineering |
|
$ |
155,276 |
|
|
$ |
169,667 |
|
|
$ |
(14,391 |
) |
|
|
-9.3 |
% |
Geology |
|
$ |
287,084 |
|
|
$ |
364,744 |
|
|
$ |
(77,660 |
) |
|
|
-27.1 |
% |
Safety & Environment |
|
$ |
395,150 |
|
|
$ |
405,921 |
|
|
$ |
(10,771 |
) |
|
|
-2.7 |
% |
Maintenance |
|
$ |
1,360,617 |
|
|
$ |
1,393,388 |
|
|
$ |
(32,771 |
) |
|
|
-2.4 |
% |
Electric System |
|
$ |
1,329,510 |
|
|
$ |
1,335,586 |
|
|
$ |
(6,076 |
) |
|
|
-0.5 |
% |
Camp Administration |
|
$ |
2,057,477 |
|
|
$ |
2,229,860 |
|
|
$ |
(172,384 |
) |
|
|
-8.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production Costs |
|
$ |
12,647,405 |
|
|
$ |
13,972,409 |
|
|
$ |
(1,325,005 |
) |
|
|
-10.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transaction Costs |
|
$ |
117,191 |
|
|
$ |
120,521 |
|
|
$ |
(3,330 |
) |
|
|
-2.8 |
% |
Mining Concessions |
|
$ |
12,800 |
|
|
$ |
4,207 |
|
|
$ |
8,593 |
|
|
|
67.1 |
% |
Admin, insurance & Legal Costs |
|
$ |
490,555 |
|
|
$ |
407,810 |
|
|
$ |
82,745 |
|
|
|
16.9 |
% |
Shipping & Selling |
|
$ |
434,760 |
|
|
$ |
656,562 |
|
|
$ |
(221,802 |
) |
|
|
-51.0 |
% |
Ocean Freight |
|
$ |
96,000 |
|
|
$ |
55,670 |
|
|
$ |
40,330 |
|
|
|
42.0 |
% |
Management Fee Peru |
|
$ |
683,948 |
|
|
$ |
670,451 |
|
|
$ |
13,497 |
|
|
|
2.0 |
% |
Management Fee Canada |
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
95,571 |
|
|
$ |
(95,571 |
) |
|
|
0.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations Costs |
|
$ |
14,482,659 |
|
|
$ |
15,983,202 |
|
|
$ |
(1,500,543 |
) |
|
|
-10.4 |
% |
Production Basis Margin |
|
$ |
9,342,039 |
|
|
$ |
11,748,724 |
|
|
$ |
2,406,685 |
|
|
|
25.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Miscellaneous Costs |
|
$ |
160,000 |
|
|
$ |
348,869 |
|
|
$ |
(188,869 |
) |
|
|
-118.0 |
% |
Capital Spending |
|
$ |
2,972,150 |
|
|
$ |
1,652,620 |
|
|
$ |
1,319,530 |
|
|
|
44.4 |
% |
Reclamation Expenditures |
|
$ |
209,703 |
|
|
$ |
297,240 |
|
|
$ |
(87,537 |
) |
|
|
-41.7 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Margin |
|
$ |
6,000,186 |
|
|
$ |
9,449,995 |
|
|
$ |
3,449,809 |
|
|
|
57.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unit Metrics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NSR per tonne |
|
$ |
95.04 |
|
|
$ |
116.10 |
|
|
$ |
21.06 |
|
|
|
22.2 |
% |
Total cost per tonne |
|
$ |
57.77 |
|
|
$ |
66.91 |
|
|
$ |
(9.14 |
) |
|
|
-15.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Margin per tonne |
|
$ |
37.27 |
|
|
$ |
49.19 |
|
|
$ |
11.92 |
|
|
|
32.0 |
% |
The current life of mine plan extends to 2011 and is based on the costs listed in Table 24-4. These
estimated costs are projected from historical costs and are subject to change.
87
In 2007, the Sol has strengthened against the United States Dollar (USD). A portion of the
operating expenditures such as mine site labour are in Soles. This has caused the operating costs
which are reported
in USD to increase. These operating costs might continue to increase if the Sol continues to
strengthen. PAS has assumed that the Sol will remain near its current levels of 3 Soles per USD
throughout the LOM plan.
PAS has assumed that there will be a 5% increase in labour, contractor and material costs in 2008
and that there will be no cost increases thereafter. This is normal practice for evaluating
projects where the metal prices are assumed to be flat throughout the LOM plan, and where capital
investments made in the mine will provide productivity increases that are not otherwise accounted
for.
Table 24-9: Operating cost estimates for Life of Mine Plan.
FORECASTED OPERATING COSTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unit Costs per tonne |
|
2007 |
|
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
Mine |
|
$ |
22.70 |
|
|
$ |
23.95 |
|
|
$ |
24.30 |
|
|
$ |
24.27 |
|
|
$ |
24.30 |
|
Processing |
|
$ |
3.30 |
|
|
$ |
3.69 |
|
|
$ |
3.72 |
|
|
$ |
3.70 |
|
|
$ |
3.73 |
|
Water Treatment Plant |
|
$ |
2.64 |
|
|
$ |
3.35 |
|
|
$ |
3.46 |
|
|
$ |
3.43 |
|
|
$ |
3.46 |
|
Planning & Engineering |
|
$ |
0.64 |
|
|
$ |
0.67 |
|
|
$ |
0.70 |
|
|
$ |
0.67 |
|
|
$ |
0.70 |
|
Geology |
|
$ |
1.18 |
|
|
$ |
1.46 |
|
|
$ |
1.51 |
|
|
$ |
1.48 |
|
|
$ |
1.51 |
|
Safety & Environment |
|
$ |
1.62 |
|
|
$ |
1.61 |
|
|
$ |
1.66 |
|
|
$ |
1.64 |
|
|
$ |
1.67 |
|
Maintenance |
|
$ |
5.58 |
|
|
$ |
5.90 |
|
|
$ |
5.96 |
|
|
$ |
5.93 |
|
|
$ |
5.96 |
|
Electric System |
|
$ |
5.48 |
|
|
$ |
5.32 |
|
|
$ |
5.49 |
|
|
$ |
5.46 |
|
|
$ |
5.50 |
|
Camp Administration |
|
$ |
8.38 |
|
|
$ |
8.85 |
|
|
$ |
9.13 |
|
|
$ |
9.11 |
|
|
$ |
9.14 |
|
Inventory Variations |
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production Costs |
|
$ |
51.51 |
|
|
$ |
54.79 |
|
|
$ |
55.93 |
|
|
$ |
55.69 |
|
|
$ |
55.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transaction Costs |
|
$ |
0.48 |
|
|
$ |
0.49 |
|
|
$ |
0.51 |
|
|
$ |
0.51 |
|
|
$ |
0.51 |
|
Mining Concessions |
|
$ |
0.05 |
|
|
$ |
0.02 |
|
|
$ |
0.02 |
|
|
$ |
0.02 |
|
|
$ |
0.02 |
|
Administrative Insurance+Legal |
|
$ |
2.01 |
|
|
$ |
1.64 |
|
|
$ |
1.69 |
|
|
$ |
1.69 |
|
|
$ |
1.69 |
|
Management Fee Peru |
|
$ |
1.78 |
|
|
$ |
2.90 |
|
|
$ |
3.00 |
|
|
$ |
3.00 |
|
|
$ |
3.00 |
|
Management Fee Canada |
|
$ |
0.39 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
Shipping & Selling |
|
$ |
2.82 |
|
|
$ |
2.70 |
|
|
$ |
2.73 |
|
|
$ |
2.73 |
|
|
$ |
2.73 |
|
Ocean Freight |
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
$ |
0.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Costs |
|
$ |
59.05 |
|
|
$ |
62.54 |
|
|
$ |
63.87 |
|
|
$ |
63.63 |
|
|
$ |
63.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
88
24.10 Environmental ConsiderationsMonitoring Program and Inspections
An environmental monitoring program at the Quiruvilca Mine has been approved by the MEM. The
program involves the monthly monitoring of air and water quality at various locations in the
vicinity of the mine. The monitoring program includes:
|
|
Eight surface water monitoring locations, including; |
|
|
|
4 monitoring locations of effluents; |
|
|
|
|
2 monitoring locations within receiving waters; and |
|
|
|
|
2 monitoring locations of water sources; and |
|
|
Five air quality monitoring locations located within the vicinity of the mine operations. |
The results of the monitoring program are reported regularly to MEM. The MEM also carries out
inspections of the Quiruvilca Mine, in accordance with their practice at all mining operations in
the country, two times per year.
Quiruvilca is in compliance with its environmental permits and there are no outstanding orders.
24.10.1 Closure
In October 2003, the Peruvian government passed legislation requiring active mining operations to
file closure plans within twelve months of the date of passage of the legislation. Administrative
rules associated with this legislation which laid out detailed closure requirements, including
bonding and tax deductibility of reclamation and rehabilitation expenses, were promulgated in
October 2005. These rules required that detailed closure plans and cost estimates be compiled by a
certified third party consultant by October 2006.
In September of 2006 PAS submitted a comprehensive closure plan for the Quiruvilca Mine to the MEM
in accordance with the ministrys regulations. The closure plan was prepared by third party
consultants registered with the Peruvian authorities as qualified to present closure plans to the
MEM. The closure plan includes a summary of the proposed closure scheme for each of the major areas
of impact such as mine water, tailings areas, waste rock dumps, plant site infrastructure, and
underground mines. A detailed cost estimate was prepared based on PAS and the consultants shared
experience with closure works over the past 12 years at Quiruvilca and experience with other
projects in Peru. As required by the ministry the costs were summarized in three phases;
concurrent closure, final closure and post closure.
The closure plan has been submitted to MEM and is pending their review. Once reviewed and
approved, a financial guarantee will be payable for the final years of operation of the mine. The
amount of the guarantee is adjustable based on changes to the mine plan or changes in closure cost
estimates. The total estimated cost for the closure plan was $14.3 million.
This cost estimate serves as the basis for the calculation of the financial guarantee required by
the MEM closure plan regulations. In the case where the final closure solution for a specific
facility or area of the mining operation was not precisely definable, due to questions of the
technical feasibility of different alternatives or the potential for yet evaluated alternatives, a
base case cost was estimated for the closure item. This cost estimate was used to avoid any
potential over-commitment for the payment of the financial
guarantee. For the purpose of the corporate estimate of closure and reclamation costs, the
uncertainty of the closure solution was managed with the application of probabilities to potential
closure scenarios. The current present value of the closure expenditures included the provision
for potentially higher costs for construction of a soil cover over the operating tailings facility
and alternative potential solutions for closing the underground mine and post closure mine water
treatment. This upside estimate carries a value of $15.6 million.
89
For the purpose of financial reporting, PAS has also estimated an Asset Retirement Obligation
(ARO) of $20.0 million. The undiscounted, risk free ARO estimate is summarized in the table
below.
Table 24-10: Summary of ARO costs for mine closure plan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Estimated Cost |
|
# |
|
Area |
|
(USD) |
|
1 |
|
Closure Plan Design/Permitting |
|
|
934,243 |
|
2 |
|
Underground/Open Pit Mine Closure |
|
|
3,985,619 |
|
3 |
|
Process Facility Demolition |
|
|
1,061,975 |
|
4 |
|
Other On-site Demolition |
|
|
1,393,376 |
|
5 |
|
Off-site Infrastructure Demolition/Rehabilitation |
|
|
0 |
|
6 |
|
Waste rock Dump Closure/Reclamation |
|
|
786,797 |
|
7 |
|
Tailings Impoundment Closure/Reclamation |
|
|
9,249,641 |
|
8 |
|
Heap Leach Facility Closure/Reclamation |
|
|
0 |
|
9 |
|
Other Surface Contouring/Reclamation |
|
|
1,024,419 |
|
10 |
|
Water Treatment System Construction |
|
|
0 |
|
11 |
|
Post Closure Water Treatment |
|
|
1,183,042 |
|
12 |
|
Post Closure Monitoring |
|
|
382,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
20,001,813 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The principal areas of uncertainty relating to the final closure of the Quiruvilca Mine are the
closure of the underground mine, post closure water treatment requirements and the closure cover
for the Santa Catalina tailings impoundment.
Key accomplishments during 2006 related to the environmental management of the mine and development
projects include:
|
|
preparation and submittal of closure plans for the Quiruvilca Mine in accordance with the
requirement of the MEMs guidelines; |
|
|
|
initiation of the final reclamation of the La Codiciada waste rock pile at the Quiruvilca Mine; |
|
|
|
ongoing treatment of acid mine water effluent at the Quiruvilca Mine; and |
|
|
|
reclamation of small waste rock and tailings areas at the Quiruvilca Mine. |
90
24.11 Economic Analysis
PAS, like many other precious metals producers, uses methods established by The Gold Institute
(Production Cost Standards, Nov. 1999) to calculate costs per ounce of silver produced at mine
operations. For each mine, PAS totals all direct mining costs, adds smelting and shipping costs,
plus royalties, production-related taxes, interest on loans and mine management / administration
costs. From this total operating cost, PAS subtracts the amount received from selling the mines
by-products (zinc, lead, copper, and gold) and divides by the number of payable ounces produced to
get the total cash cost per ounce of silver produced. This
calculation allows comparison of operational efficiency at a mine relative to its performance in previous years
and also allows comparison with peer companies operations. As well, this cost reflects by-product
metal prices. For instance, when zinc prices are low, PAS receives lower by-product revenues from
zinc. Subtracting this smaller by-product revenue from total costs yields a higher total cash cost
per ounce of silver produced. The total production cost per ounce of silver differs from the
total cash cost per ounce of silver in that it includes provisions for depreciation, depletion
and amortization (DD&A) and reclamation, which are non-cash items on the financial statement and
the effect of all other taxes.
The DD&A number is an accounting allowance for the cost to acquire, develop, construct and sustain
a mining operation. The reclamation component is an accounting allowance of the estimated cost to
reclaim the mine at the end of its life. The bulk of these expenditures occur at the beginning or
end of a mines life but reflect the true total mine cost.
The Net Present Value is $(5.08) million at a 10% discount rate and is $(3.16) million at a 15%
discount rate. The undiscounted after tax cash flow is $(11.97) million. The Economic model is
presented in Table 24-11.
The reclamation costs that will be incurred between 2012 and 2014 have been included in the
sensitivity analysis. Whether the Quiruvilca Mine shuts down its operations earlier or later,
these sunk costs would present negative cash flow of $19.5 million over three consecutive years.
Sensitivity analysis were conducted for variants in metal prices, grade, capital and operating
costs.
91
Table 24-11: Economic Model
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year |
|
2008 |
|
|
2009 |
|
|
2010 |
|
|
2011 |
|
|
2012 |
|
|
2013 |
|
|
2014 |
|
Metal Price Assumptions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Silver Price ($/ounce) |
|
$ |
9.00 |
|
|
$ |
9.00 |
|
|
$ |
9.00 |
|
|
$ |
9.00 |
|
|
$ |
9.00 |
|
|
$ |
9.00 |
|
|
$ |
9.00 |
|
Copper Price ($/tonne) |
|
$ |
5,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
5,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
5,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
5,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
5,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
5,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
5,000.00 |
|
Lead Price ($/tonne) |
|
$ |
1,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
1,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
1,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
1,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
1,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
1,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
1,000.00 |
|
Zinc Price ($/tonne) |
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
Au Price ($/ounce) |
|
$ |
525.00 |
|
|
$ |
525.00 |
|
|
$ |
525.00 |
|
|
$ |
525.00 |
|
|
$ |
525.00 |
|
|
$ |
525.00 |
|
|
$ |
525.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Production |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tonnes Mined |
|
|
376,052 |
|
|
|
364,186 |
|
|
|
379,600 |
|
|
|
360,597 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Silver Head Grade (g/t) |
|
|
159.88 |
|
|
|
155.49 |
|
|
|
157.63 |
|
|
|
158.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copper Head Grade (%) |
|
|
0.91 |
|
|
|
0.72 |
|
|
|
0.65 |
|
|
|
0.40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lead Head Grade (%) |
|
|
1.04 |
|
|
|
1.10 |
|
|
|
1.10 |
|
|
|
1.27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zinc Head Grade (%) |
|
|
3.35 |
|
|
|
3.67 |
|
|
|
3.61 |
|
|
|
3.44 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gold Head Grade (g/t) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Silver Ounces Produced |
|
|
1,588,966 |
|
|
|
1,492,940 |
|
|
|
1,583,241 |
|
|
|
1,510,286 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Copper Tonnes Produced |
|
|
2,585 |
|
|
|
1,911 |
|
|
|
1,736 |
|
|
|
1,010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lead Tonnes Produced |
|
|
3,158 |
|
|
|
3,236 |
|
|
|
3,369 |
|
|
|
3,705 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zinc Tonnes Produced |
|
|
10,589 |
|
|
|
11,400 |
|
|
|
11,674 |
|
|
|
10,609 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gold Ounce Produced |
|
|
1,102 |
|
|
|
1,014 |
|
|
|
1,019 |
|
|
|
577 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Flow Summary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total NSR |
|
$ |
33,151 |
|
|
$ |
31,170 |
|
|
$ |
31,304 |
|
|
$ |
27,468 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Operating Costs |
|
$ |
(23,519 |
) |
|
$ |
(23,259 |
) |
|
$ |
(24,153 |
) |
|
$ |
(23,051 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Costs |
|
$ |
(1,066 |
) |
|
$ |
(474 |
) |
|
$ |
(495 |
) |
|
$ |
(102 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Royalty |
|
$ |
(442 |
) |
|
$ |
(323 |
) |
|
$ |
(326 |
) |
|
$ |
(275 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reclamation |
|
$ |
(1,157 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,040 |
) |
|
$ |
(783 |
) |
|
$ |
(393 |
) |
|
$ |
(393 |
) |
|
$ |
(393 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Total Depreciation |
|
$ |
(1,730 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,675 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,746 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,659 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Quiruvilca Pre-Tax Income |
|
$ |
5,239 |
|
|
$ |
4,398 |
|
|
$ |
3,801 |
|
|
$ |
1,988 |
|
|
$ |
(393 |
) |
|
$ |
(393 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxes |
|
$ |
(1,629 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,511 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,613 |
) |
|
$ |
(278 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Income (Loss) After Taxes |
|
$ |
3,610 |
|
|
$ |
2,887 |
|
|
$ |
2,187 |
|
|
$ |
1,710 |
|
|
$ |
(393 |
) |
|
$ |
(393 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Add Back Depreciation |
|
$ |
1,730 |
|
|
$ |
1,675 |
|
|
$ |
1,746 |
|
|
$ |
1,659 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Changes Working Capital |
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
0 |
|
|
$ |
(811 |
) |
|
$ |
(950 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,301 |
) |
Reclamation Provision-Expenditures |
|
$ |
407 |
|
|
$ |
221 |
|
|
$ |
783 |
|
|
$ |
(2,107 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,877 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,607 |
) |
|
$ |
(6,845 |
) |
Capital Costs |
|
$ |
(5,274 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,078 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,849 |
) |
|
$ |
(100 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Projected Cash Flows |
|
$ |
472 |
|
|
$ |
2,706 |
|
|
$ |
2,868 |
|
|
$ |
1,162 |
|
|
$ |
(5,081 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,950 |
) |
|
$ |
(8,146 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial Metrics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payable Silver Ounces |
|
|
1,449,189 |
|
|
|
1,351,361 |
|
|
|
1,435,820 |
|
|
|
1,371,410 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash Cost per Payable Ounce |
|
$ |
2.65 |
|
|
$ |
3.39 |
|
|
$ |
4.25 |
|
|
$ |
5.98 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Cash Cost per Payable Ounce |
|
$ |
1.99 |
|
|
$ |
2.01 |
|
|
$ |
1.76 |
|
|
$ |
1.50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total cost per Payable Ounce |
|
$ |
4.65 |
|
|
$ |
5.39 |
|
|
$ |
6.01 |
|
|
$ |
7.48 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NSR per Tonne |
|
$ |
86.98 |
|
|
$ |
84.70 |
|
|
$ |
81.61 |
|
|
$ |
75.41 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost per Tonne |
|
$ |
62.54 |
|
|
$ |
63.87 |
|
|
$ |
63.63 |
|
|
$ |
63.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Margin |
|
$ |
24.44 |
|
|
$ |
20.84 |
|
|
$ |
17.98 |
|
|
$ |
11.49 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
92
24.11.1 Metal Price Sensitivity
A table showing the economics of the project over a wide range of metal prices is shown in Table
24-12. Note that the higher metal prices are used for Case 2 and the lower metal prices are used
for Case 3. As the date of this report is effective July 31, 2007, the analysis is developed for
the period from 2008 to the end of life of mine (2011). Metal price is assumed to be the same for
the duration of mine life for each case. The prices have been considerably higher than those used
in Case 1; therefore, Martin Wafforn, P.Eng. considers this to be a reasonable assumption.
Table 24-12: Metal Price Sensitivity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metal Prices |
|
Case #1 |
|
|
Case #2 |
|
|
Case #3 |
|
Silver $/Ounce |
|
$ |
9.00 |
|
|
$ |
11.00 |
|
|
$ |
6.50 |
|
Lead $/Tonne |
|
$ |
1,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
1,700.00 |
|
|
$ |
600.00 |
|
Copper $/Tonne |
|
$ |
5,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
6,000.00 |
|
|
$ |
3,500.00 |
|
Zinc $/Tonne |
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
|
$ |
2,100.00 |
|
|
$ |
1,500.00 |
|
Gold $/Ounce |
|
$ |
525.00 |
|
|
$ |
600.00 |
|
|
$ |
450.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NPV (Discount Rate) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(x $1000) |
|
Case #1 |
|
|
Case #2 |
|
|
Case #3 |
|
NPV 0% |
|
$ |
(11,970 |
) |
|
$ |
2,401 |
|
|
$ |
(44,813 |
) |
NPV 10% |
|
$ |
(5,080 |
) |
|
$ |
6,399 |
|
|
$ |
(31,126 |
) |
NPV 15% |
|
$ |
(3,155 |
) |
|
$ |
7,223 |
|
|
$ |
(26,624 |
) |
24.11.2 Grade Sensitivity
In order to test the sensitivity of the project to the grade of the mineral reserves, the estimated
head grade for each metal and for each year of operation was multiplied by factors of 100% (the
base case presented in Table 24-13), 75%, 90%,110%, and 125%. The cash flow and financial metrics
for each case were then recalculated and are shown in Table 24-8. Martin Wafforn, P.Eng. concludes
that the economics of the project are very sensitive where after a 9% reduction in the estimated
head grades the NPV is equal to $0.00.
Table 24-13: Metal Grade Sensitivity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Metal Grade |
|
100% (Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(x $1000) |
|
Case) |
|
|
75% |
|
|
90% |
|
|
110% |
|
|
125% |
|
NPV 0% |
|
$ |
(11,970 |
) |
|
$ |
(35,574 |
) |
|
$ |
(20,299 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,287 |
) |
|
$ |
7,239 |
|
NPV 10% |
|
$ |
(5,080 |
) |
|
$ |
(23,751 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,654 |
) |
|
$ |
1,045 |
|
|
$ |
10,240 |
|
NPV 15% |
|
$ |
(3,155 |
) |
|
$ |
(19,958 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,065 |
) |
|
$ |
2,377 |
|
|
$ |
10,684 |
|
93
24.11.3 Capital Cost Sensitivity
The economics of the Quiruvilca Mine are not sensitive to changes in capital cost up to the limits
of the engineering estimate that is plus or minus 25%.
Table 24-14: Capital Cost Sensitivity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital Cost |
|
100% (Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(x $1000) |
|
Case) |
|
|
75% |
|
|
90% |
|
|
110% |
|
|
125% |
|
NPV 0% |
|
$ |
(11,970 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,644 |
) |
|
$ |
(11,040 |
) |
|
$ |
(12,900 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,295 |
) |
NPV 10% |
|
$ |
(5,080 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,088 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,283 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,877 |
) |
|
$ |
(7,073 |
) |
NPV 15% |
|
$ |
(3,155 |
) |
|
$ |
(1,297 |
) |
|
$ |
(2,412 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,898 |
) |
|
$ |
(5,012 |
) |
The Quiruvilca Mine is currently operating at its full production rate and requires capital
investments to sustain its operations. The capital costs are accounted for within the LOM plan and
are shown in Table 24-7. As these capital costs are scheduled amounts, the pay back period for
these costs are irrelevant, as the annual cash flows are positive and are capable of paying for the
incurred capital expenditures.
24.11.4 Operating Cost Sensitivity
The economics of the project to variances in operating costs were calculated in a similar manner.
This calculation further demonstrates that the economics of the project are highly sensitive to
variance in operating costs. If operating costs increase by 12% the NPV would be equal to $0.00.
Table 24-15: Operating Cost Sensitivity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating Cost |
|
100% (Base |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(x $1000) |
|
Case) |
|
|
75% |
|
|
90% |
|
|
110% |
|
|
125% |
|
NPV 0% |
|
$ |
(11,970 |
) |
|
$ |
2,972 |
|
|
$ |
(5,993 |
) |
|
$ |
(18,403 |
) |
|
$ |
(28,794 |
) |
NPV 10% |
|
$ |
(5,080 |
) |
|
$ |
6,763 |
|
|
$ |
(343 |
) |
|
$ |
(10,130 |
) |
|
$ |
(18,237 |
) |
NPV 15% |
|
$ |
(3,155 |
) |
|
$ |
7,513 |
|
|
$ |
1,112 |
|
|
$ |
(7,683 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,933 |
) |
24.12 Mine Life
PAS completed the Quiruvilca life of mine plan. Martin Wafforn, P.Eng., who is an author of this
Technical Report has reviewed and determined in his professional judgment that the mine plan
discussed in this Section 25 is sound and recommends that this mine plan should be adopted. The
plan is based on providing 1,050 TPD of ore to the mill by mid 2008 and ramp down to 775 TPD by
2011. This life of mine plan does not include any inferred mineral resources.
All of the proven and probable mineral reserves totalling 1.48 million tonnes grading 163 g/t
silver, 0.68 % copper, 1.15 % lead, 3.62 % zinc, and 0.36 % gold are planned to be mined over a
mine life that extends to 2011. The mine plan does not include any measure or indicated mineral
resources estimated at 5.26 million tonnes. The mine plan also does not include any of the inferred
resources or possible mineral reserve additions that may occur in the future through exploration.
94
25. Date and Signature Page
The information in this report is current as of July 31, 2007. Operation data such as costs and
recovery are more current, as it was made available during the time frame between the mineral
resource and reserve estimate and the period taken to prepare this Technical Report.
This report has been prepared by Martin G. Wafforn, P. Eng. and Dr. Michael Steinmann, P. Geo. each
of whom are Qualified Persons.
Respectfully submitted this 29th day of January 2008.
|
|
|
Martin Wafforn
Signature and seal of Qualified Person
|
|
|
|
|
|
Martin Wafforn, P.Eng.
Print Name of Qualified Person
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael Steinmann
Signature and seal of Qualified Person
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., Ph.D.
Print Name of Qualified Person
|
|
|
95