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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

☒  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014 or

☐  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________________ to ______________________.

Commission File Number 1-9789

SEVCON, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

155 Northboro Road, Southborough, Massachusetts 01772

Registrant's Area Code and Telephone Number (508) 281 5510

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒  No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).  Yes ☐   No ☒

As of March 29, 2014, 3,574,765 common shares were outstanding, and the aggregate market value of the common shares (based upon the closing price on the Nasdaq Stock Market) held by non-affiliates was $29,290,000. As of December 10, 2014, 3,588,958 common shares were outstanding.

Documents incorporated by reference: Portions of the Proxy Statement for Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held February 3, 2015 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

 

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INDEX

Schedules other than the one referred to above have been omitted as inapplicable or not required, or the information is included elsewhere in financial statements or the notes thereto.

Unless explicitly stated otherwise, each reference to “year” in this Annual Report is to the fiscal year ending on the respective September 30.

 

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PART I

ITEM 1

BUSINESS

·	General Description

Sevcon, Inc. (or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation organized on December 22, 1987 to carry on the electronic controls business previously performed by Tech/Ops, Inc. (Tech/Ops). Through wholly-owned subsidiaries located in the United States, England, France, South Korea and Japan, a 50% owned joint venture located in China, and through an international dealer network, the Company designs and sells, under the Sevcon name, motor controllers for zero emission electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs). The controls are used to vary the speed and movement of vehicles, to integrate specialized functions and to optimize the energy consumption of the vehicle's power source. Sevcon's customers are manufacturers of on and off-road vehicles including cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, fork lift trucks, aerial lifts, mining vehicles, airport tractors, sweepers and other electrically powered vehicles.

The Company’s Markets

Industrial Markets

In these applications, the customers design and manufacture fork lift trucks (FLT), aerial work platforms (AWP), airport ground support (AGS) and mining vehicles. These are, in general, designed for use in off-road applications in distribution, construction, transport and mineral extraction.

On-Road Markets

Customers in the Company’s on-road markets design and manufacture automobiles, scooters,  motorcycles, buses,  trucks, utility vehicles, sweepers and other applications where either all or part of the power system is electrical and the vehicle is homologated for use on road.

Capacitor Markets

Through another subsidiary located in Wales, Sevcon, Inc. manufactures special metalized film capacitors for electronics applications. Customers use these capacitors as components in power electronics, signaling and audio equipment.

Development of the Business in 2014

In 2014, the potential application of our technology accelerated the expansion we saw in 2013 with further new projects around the world.  We see project activity in hybrid and pure electric vehicles driving future growth in the on-road sector as the automotive industries push for electrification, where manufacturers are replacing inefficient internal combustion driven systems with more efficient electric systems. We are developing new integrated subsystems that leverage products such as our Gen 4 controllers and new high voltage/low power products to meet this anticipated demand for a growing range of electrically powered solutions. In addition, the increasingly stringent miles per gallon and emissions standards being implemented by governments around the world are driving project activity and future revenue opportunities. We are working with a range of customers to develop solutions to replace inefficient hydraulic steering and hoisting systems with more efficient electric systems, and we are designing solutions to help replace outdated ancillary components such as belt-driven cooling pumps, superchargers, turbochargers and cargo refrigeration units with electrically driven technologies. We are also working with OEM partners on automotive start-stop projects as well as solutions designed around products in new off-road industrial applications. We continued to invest in engineering and sales to ensure that we can maximize these opportunities and shareholder value.

We saw consistent improvement in underlying market demand, order visibility, shipments and revenue in most of our markets, although Western Europe continues to lag the growth rates we are seeing in North America and Asia.  There was strong overall growth year-on-year with 22% higher demand from our industrial, off-road application, customers despite 23% lower demand from the mining sector. Sales for on-road applications increased 5% over 2013. Although sales of on-road two-wheel applications were down 20%, this was more than offset by a 22% increase in sales for four-wheel applications. The growth in on-road markets primarily reflected growth in Asia and North America including both electric vehicle (“EV”) and hybrid applications driven by China and the US, partially offset by lower sales in Europe. Approximately 94% of our revenues in 2014 derived from the controls business and 6% from the capacitor business. Our largest customer, Toyota Group, accounted for 14% of sales in 2014; in 2013 the Company’s largest customer, also Toyota Group, accounted for 10% of total sales.

 

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We established a 50:50 joint-venture (“JV”) in Hubei, China, in the third quarter of 2014.  This will target on-road electric and hybrid vehicle applications, marketing and selling principally to Chinese Tier 1 automotive suppliers. In part to support that initiative, we expanded our production footprint to Malaysia, where we will have controllers produced principally for the Chinese and South East Asian markets. The investment we made in sales resource in Germany in 2013 continues to bring revenue and projects, particularly in the on-road automotive sector where there could be significant sales opportunities for the Company in the future. Finally, we closed the year with a very successful rights offering which raised $9.3 million after issuance costs; it was important for us to raise these funds in order to facilitate the continuing growth of the business, both organically and through potential acquisitions.

·	Marketing and sales

Sales are made primarily through a full-time marketing staff. Sales in the United States were $16,389,000 and $13,657,000 or 43% and 42% of total sales, respectively, in years 2014 and 2013. Approximately 49% of sales in 2014 were made to ten manufacturers of electric vehicles in the United States, Europe and the Far East compared with 45% in 2013. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements (Segment Information) in this Annual Report for an analysis of sales by segment, geographic location and major customers, and the risk factors beginning on page 4 regarding sales and operations outside the United States.

·

Patents

Although the Company has international patent protection for some of its product offerings, which is generally effective for up to 20 years from filing an application, the Company believes that its business is not significantly dependent on patent protection. The Company is primarily dependent upon technical competence, the quality of its products, and its prompt and responsive service performance. The Company does however continuously develop intellectual property and in 2013 and 2014 the Company filed worldwide patents for several applications of its products and techniques in control. The Company was awarded two patents in the year.

·

Backlog

Sevcon, Inc.'s backlog at September 30, 2014 was $5,705,000 and $6,692,000 at September 30, 2013. Backlog is not considered an important key performance indicator in the business as visibility, currency, reporting period timing make the backlog number volatile.

·	Raw materials

Sevcon, Inc.'s products require a wide variety of components and materials and the Company relies on a few suppliers for most of these components and materials. The Company presently relies principally on two main assemblers for all of its requirements for finished products. One of the two main suppliers is based in Poland and the other is in the U.S. The U.S. supplier manufactures the Company’s components at two separate plants, in Mexico and China. The Company is taking steps to diversify its risk and reduce its reliance on any single subcontractor by duplicating certain production and test facilities at the manufacturing locations of both the Polish and U.S. supplier. In the fourth quarter of 2014 the Company entered into an agreement to invest in process and testing equipment at a Malaysian manufacturing company to produce controllers principally for the Chinese and South East Asian markets. The Company decides, based on a lowest cost delivered basis, which plant supplies any particular customer.

·	Competition

The Company has global competitors which are divisions of larger public companies, including Kollmorgen, Sauer Danfoss, Hitachi and the motors division of General Electric. It also competes on a worldwide basis with Curtis Instruments Inc., Zapi SpA. and SME, private companies based in the U.S. and Italy respectively, that have international operations. In its new on-road markets the Company also competes with Unique Mobility Inc., a U.S. public company, and divisions of Siemens, Continental and Eaton Corporation. In addition, some large industrial and on-road vehicle manufacturers make their own controls and system products. The Company differentiates itself by providing highly reliable, technically innovative products, which the Company is prepared to customize for a specific customer or application. The Company believes that it is one of the largest independent suppliers of controls for electrically powered and hybrid vehicles.

·	Research and development

Sevcon, Inc.'s technological expertise is an important factor in its business. The Company regularly pursues new product development and existing product improvements to maintain its technical position Research and development expenditure amounted to $4,725,000 in 2014, compared to $4,065,000 in 2013. In both 2014 and 2013, U.K. government grants offset some of this expense. In 2014 and 2013, the Company received $500,000 and $149,000 in grants, respectively, which it recorded as a reduction of research and development expense. In addition, in 2014, the Company participated in a U.K. government research and development arrangement which allows U.K. companies to record an additional available tax credit to the income statement above operating income as an “above the line credit” subject to meeting certain qualifying conditions. In 2014 the Company recorded an income statement credit of $261,000 which it also recorded as a reduction of research and development expense in the year. The Company did not record a credit to the research and development expense in respect of this arrangement in 2013. Excluding U.K. government grants and research and development income statement credits from each year, net research and development expenditure in 2014 and 2013 amounted to $3,964,000 and $3,916,000, respectively.

 

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·	Environmental regulations

The Company is subject to federal, state and local provisions enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise protecting the environment. Compliance has not had, nor is it expected to have, a material effect on the capital expenditures, earnings, or competitive position of Sevcon, Inc. In 2010, the Company achieved accreditation to ISO14001, the international standard for Environmental Management Systems.

·	Executive Officers

Information about our executive officers is included in Part III, Item 10 of this report.

·	Employees and labor relations

As of September 30, 2014, the Company employed 136 full-time employees, of whom 14 were in the United States, 105 were in the United Kingdom (of whom 23 were employed by the Capacitor business), 8 were in France, and 9 were in the Far East. Sevcon, Inc. believes its relations with its employees are good.

ITEM 1A

RISK FACTORS

In addition to the market risk factors relating to foreign currency and interest rate risk set out in Item 7A on page 14, the Company believes that the following represent the most significant risk factors for the Company, the occurrence of any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and share price:

Capital markets are cyclical and weakness in the global markets may harm our business

The Company’s traditional customers are mainly manufacturers of capital goods such as fork lift trucks, aerial lifts and railway signaling equipment. These markets are cyclical and depend heavily on worldwide transportation, shipping and other economic activity. They experienced a significant decline in demand during the recent global recession. Further, as our business has expanded globally, we have become increasingly subject to the risks arising from adverse changes in global economic conditions. While market conditions have appeared to improve since 2010, economic instability remains, particularly in the Eurozone. As a result, current or potential customers may be unable to fund purchases or manufacturing of products, which could cause them to delay, decrease or cancel purchases of our products or not to pay the Company or to delay paying for previously purchased products. In addition, continuing instability in the European credit markets may cause the Company to lose its current overdraft facilities and be unable otherwise to obtain financing for operations as needed.

Demand for on-road electric vehicles incorporating our products may not materialize

The Company is increasingly involved in developing products for the on-road electric vehicle market. We have relationships with several customers that incorporate our products into their EV products. Our competitors and others are also developing products for other entrants in the EV market, with similar and competing technologies. If our customers’ products or technology are not successful commercially, or if worldwide demand for EVs fails to grow as much as we hope, we may not realize the anticipated demand for our products in the EV market, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Program development timescales are long and can be cancelled

In certain markets in which the Company operates, and in particular in the Company’s new market sectors, non-recurring engineering development programs may take several years to complete and as result programs periodically reviewed by the customer can be cancelled at short notice. Cancellation of an engineering development program would potentially result in the Company not being nominated for the production phase of a project.

 

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Production readiness is outside our control

In some new markets the Company’s customer is responsible for ensuring that all of the components of their vehicle, working in unison, comply with local governmental regulations in order to achieve the necessary certification to proceed to volume production. Even though the Company’s product performs to specification in all respects, the customer’s vehicle may fail to satisfy overall the local governmental regulations due to the failure of one or more components supplied by other suppliers resulting in a project not proceeding to volume production.

The Company relies on a small number of key customers for a substantial portion of its revenues

Ten customers accounted for 49% of the Company’s revenues in 2014 and the largest customer accounted for 14% of revenues. Although we have had business relationships with some of these customers for many years, our relationships with on-road EV customers are newer and, in any event, there are no long-term contractual supply agreements in place with any customer. Accordingly our performance could be adversely affected by the loss of one or more of these key customers.

The Company’s commitment to make defined benefit pension contributions could adversely impact its financial position.

It is estimated that the Company will make contributions to its frozen U.K. and U.S. defined benefit pension plans of approximately $687,000 in 2015 and at a similar level in subsequent years. Should the Company suffer a material reduction in revenues this commitment could adversely impact the Company’s financial position.

The Company has substantial sales and operations outside the United States that could be adversely affected by changes in international markets

A significant portion of our operations is located, and a significant portion of our business comes from, outside the United States. Accordingly, our performance could be adversely affected by economic downturns in Europe or the Far East as well as in the United States. A consequence of significant international business is that a large percentage of our revenues and expenses are denominated in foreign currencies that fluctuate in value versus the U.S. Dollar. Significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates can and do have a material impact on our financial results, which are reported in U.S. Dollars. Other risks associated with international business include: changing regulatory practices and tariffs; staffing and managing international operations, including complying with local employment laws; longer collection cycles in certain areas; and changes in tax and other laws.

Single source materials and sub-contractors may not meet the Company’s needs

The Company relies on a small number of suppliers and sub-contractors for its requirements for most components, sub-assemblies and finished products. In the event that such suppliers and sub-contractors are unable or unwilling to continue supplying the Company, or to meet the Company’s cost and quality targets or needs for timely delivery, there is no certainty that the Company would be able to establish alternative sources of supply in time to meet customer demand.

Management judgment in assessing inventory and warranty reserves may be less than required

Management uses its judgment and market information to assess levels of reserve required in certain areas including inventory and warranty. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, or if product designs change more quickly than forecast, additional inventory reserves may be required. Should actual product failure rates and repair or replacement costs differ from management estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty reserve may be required and the Company’s results may be materially adversely affected.

 

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Product defect may result in product recall

In the event that the Company discovers a product defect that impacts the safety or operation of its products, then a product recall may be necessary which could involve the Company in a substantial unanticipated expense significantly in excess of any reserve that had been made.

Damage to the Company’s or sub-contractors’ buildings would hurt results

In the electronic controls segment, the majority of the Company’s finished product is currently produced in three separate plants in Poland, Mexico and China; these plants are owned by sub-contractors. The capacitor business is located in a single plant in Wales. In the event that any of these plants was to be damaged or destroyed, there is no certainty that the Company would be able to establish alternative facilities in time to meet customer demand. The Company does carry property damage and business interruption insurance but this may not cover certain lost business due to the long-term nature of the relationships with many customers.

Product liability claims may have a material adverse effect

The Company’s products are technically complex and are installed and used by third parties. Defects in their design, installation, use or manufacturing may result in product liability claims against the Company. Such claims may result in significant damage awards, and the cost of any such litigation could be material.

Failure to comply with financial covenants in our loan agreement could adversely affect us.

As of September 30, 2014, the Company’s subsidiary in the United States, Sevcon USA, Inc. had $1,700,000 of outstanding indebtedness under a revolving credit facility with Citizens Bank, National Association.  This indebtedness is secured by all of Sevcon USA, Inc.’s assets and a pledge of all the capital stock of Sevcon USA, Inc.  The loan agreement includes financial covenants which require us to maintain compliance with certain financial ratios during the term of the agreement.  See “MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS – Liquidity and Capital Resources”.  Failure to comply with the financial covenants would be an event of default under the loan agreement that would give the lender the right to cease making additional advances, accelerate repayment of all sums due and take action to collect the monies owed to it, including foreclosing on its security interest, which would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition.

The continuing debt crisis in the Eurozone may have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results, which could adversely affect our stock price.

There continues to be significant uncertainty about the stability of global credit and financial markets in light of the continuing debt crisis in certain European countries.  A default or a withdrawal from the Eurozone by any of the countries involved, or the uncertainty alone, could cause the value of the Euro to deteriorate.  This, or a change to a local currency, would reduce the purchasing power of affected European customers. We are unable to predict the likelihood of any of these events but, if any occurs, our business, financial position and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to attract and retain the level of high quality engineering staff that we need to develop the new and improved products we need to be successful.

The Company needs sufficient highly qualified engineers and technicians to develop and test the products our customers require. This is an expensive and scarce resource. If we are unable to attract and retain the level of high quality engineering staff that we need for our new and improved products, we will lose business and our financial condition will be adversely affected.

Businesses we acquire may not generate the revenue and earnings we anticipate and may otherwise adversely affect our operations and financial condition.

We are considering supplementing our growth by acquiring new businesses. If we do that, but we fail to successfully integrate and manage the businesses we acquire, or if an acquisition does not further our business strategy as we expected, our operating results and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. Business combinations also involve a number of risks and uncertainties that can have an adverse impact, including that:

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the costs of acquiring and integrating another business may be materially greater than we anticipate;

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managing an acquired company’s technologies or lines of business or entering new markets where we have limited or no prior experience or where competitors may have stronger market positions may be more difficult than we anticipate;

 

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we may fail to achieve the expected return on our investments, which could adversely affect our business or operating results and potentially cause impairment to assets that we recorded as a part of an acquisition, including intangible assets and goodwill;

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the attention of our management and employees may be diverted;

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we may not be able to retain key personnel of an acquired business;

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we may assume unanticipated legal or financial liabilities;

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we may suffer significant increases in our interest expense, leverage and debt service requirements if we incur additional debt to pay for an acquisition; and

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our existing stockholders may be diluted and earnings per share may decrease if we were to issue a significant amount of equity securities in connection with an acquisition.

ITEM 2

PROPERTIES

The U.S. subsidiary of the Company leases approximately 13,500 square feet in Southborough, Mass., under a lease expiring in 2023. The U.K. electronic controls business of Sevcon, Inc. is carried on in a building owned by it located in Gateshead, England, containing 40,000 square feet of space. The land on which this building stands is held on a ground lease expiring in 2068. The capacitor subsidiary of the Company owns a 9,000 square foot building, built in 1981, in Wrexham, Wales. The properties and equipment of the Company are in good condition and, in the opinion of the management, are suitable and adequate for the Company's operations.

ITEM 3

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

None.

ITEM 4

MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

 

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PART II

ITEM 5

MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s Common Stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol SEV. A summary of the market prices of the Company’s Common Stock is shown below. At December 10, 2014, there were approximately 123 shareholders of record.

The Company suspended the payment of dividends at the beginning of 2009 in order to conserve cash to meet the needs of the business during the global recession. The Board of Directors will consider whether to resume paying dividends as conditions and the Company’s operating results improve.

ITEM 7

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Statements in this discussion and analysis about the Company’s anticipated financial results and growth, as well as those about the development of its products and markets, are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. These include the risks discussed in Item 1A to this Annual Report, entitled ‘Risk Factors’, and others discussed in this report.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The Company's significant accounting policies are summarized in Note 1 of its Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report. While these significant accounting policies impact the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, certain of these policies require management to use a significant degree of judgment and/or make estimates, consistent with generally accepted accounting principles, that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. Since these are judgments and estimates, they are sensitive to changes in business and economic realities, and events may cause actual operating results to differ materially from the amounts derived from management’s estimates and judgments.

The Company believes the following represent the most critical accounting judgments and estimates affecting its reported financial condition and results of operations:

Bad Debts

The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts based on known factors related to the credit risk of each customer and management’s judgment about the customer’s business. Ten customers account for approximately 49% of the Company’s sales in 2014 and 17% of trade receivables at September 30, 2014. At September 30, 2014, the allowance for bad debts amounted to $40,000 which represented 1% of trade receivables.

Because of the Company’s long term relationships with the majority of its customers, in most cases, the principal bad debt risk to the Company arises from the insolvency of a customer rather than its unwillingness to pay. In addition, in certain cases the Company maintains credit insurance covering up to 90% of the amount outstanding from specific customers. The Company also carries out some of its foreign trade, particularly in the Far East, using letters of credit.

The Company reviews all accounts receivable balances on a regular basis, concentrating on any balances that are more than 30 days overdue, or where there is an identified credit risk with a specific customer. A decision is made on a customer-by-customer basis as to whether a bad debt reserve is considered necessary based on the specific facts and circumstances of each account. In general, the Company would reserve 100% of the receivable, net of any recoverable value added taxes or insurance coverages, for a customer that becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, and lesser amounts for less imminent defaults. The Company maintains a small bad debt reserve to cover the remaining balances based on historical default percentages.

 

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If the financial condition of any of the Company's customers is worse than estimated or were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of its ability to make payments, the Company’s results may be adversely affected and additional allowances may be required.

In the fourth quarter 2014, the Company incurred a bad debt of $218,000 related to the bankruptcy of a customer in France. The write-off of $218,000 represented the gross profit on the original sale to the customer in 2013; this being the difference in value between the original receivable of $550,000 and the carrying value of the inventory related to the sale which the Company was able to recover from the customer.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value. Inventory costs include materials and overhead, and are relieved from inventory on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company’s reported financial condition includes a provision for estimated slow-moving and obsolete inventory that is based on a comparison of inventory levels with forecasted future demand. Such demand is estimated based on many factors, including management judgments, relating to each customer’s business and to economic conditions. The Company reviews in detail all significant inventory items with holdings in excess of estimated normal requirements. It also considers the likely impact of changing technology. It makes an estimate of the provision for slow moving and obsolete stock on an item-by-item basis based on a combination of likely usage based on forecasted customer demand, potential sale or scrap value and possible alternative use. This provision represents the difference between original cost and market value at the end of the financial period. In cases where there is no estimated future use for the inventory item and there is no estimated scrap or resale value, a 100% provision is recorded. Where the Company estimates that only part of the total holding of an inventory item will not be used, or there is an estimated scrap, resale or alternate use value, then a proportionate provision is recorded. Once an item has been written down, it is not subsequently revalued upwards. The provision for slow moving and obsolete inventories at September 30, 2014 was $485,000, or 7% of the original cost of gross inventory. If actual future demand or market conditions are less favorable than those projected by management, or if product designs change more quickly than forecast, additional inventory write-downs may be required, which may have a material adverse impact on reported results.

Warranty Costs

The Company provides for the estimated cost of product warranties at the time revenue is recognized. While the Company engages in product quality programs and processes, the Company's warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates and repair or replacement costs incurred in correcting a product failure. Accordingly, the provision for warranty costs, $153,000 at September 30, 2014, is based upon anticipated in-warranty failure rates and estimated costs of repair or replacement. Anticipating product failure rates involves making judgments about the likelihood of defects in materials, design and manufacturing errors, and other factors that are based in part on historical failure rates and trends, but also on management’s expertise in engineering and manufacturing. Estimated repair and replacement costs are affected by varying component and labor costs.

Goodwill Impairment

At September 30, 2014, the Company’s balance sheet reflected $1,435,000 of goodwill relating to the controls business. The Company carries out an assessment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances change, to determine if its goodwill has been impaired. The assessment is based on three separate methods of valuing the controls business based on expected free cash flows, the market price of the Company’s stock and an analysis of precedent transactions. These valuation methods require estimates of future revenues, profits, capital expenditures and working capital requirements which are based on evaluation of historical trends, current budgets, operating plans and industry data. Based on all of these valuation methods, management concluded in 2014 that the goodwill had not been impaired. If, in future periods, the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or the market price of the Company’s stock were to decrease significantly, then it may be necessary to record an impairment charge relating to goodwill of up to $1,435,000.

Pension Plan Assumptions

The Company makes a number of assumptions relating to its pension plans in order to measure the financial position of the plans and the net periodic benefit cost. The most important assumptions relate to the discount rate, the expected long term return on plan assets, the rate of future compensation increase, and other actuarial factors. The Company’s pension plans are significant relative to the size of the Company. At September 30, 2014, pension plan assets were valued at $21,117,000 and plan liabilities were $30,646,000, resulting in a deficit in the funded status of $9,529,000.  By comparison, the total assets of the Company were $33,967,000. The funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans deteriorated from a deficit of $8,354,000 at September 30, 2013. However, it has fluctuated significantly in previous years, due in large part to changes in the assumptions described above. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) guidance, changes in the funded status of the pension plans (plan assets less plan liabilities) are recorded in the Company’s balance sheet. If the assumptions we made at September 30, 2014 prove to be incorrect, and in any event as they change going forward, the Company may need to record, and may actually incur, additional expense or liabilities relating to the pension plans. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and/or results of operations.

 

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The table below sets out the approximate impact on the funded status of the Company’s pension plans at September 30, 2014 that the Company estimates would arise from the following respective changes in significant plan assumptions:

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate is dependent on many factors, including the impact of enacted tax laws in jurisdictions in which the Company operates, the amount of earnings by jurisdiction, varying tax rates in each jurisdiction and the Company’s ability to utilize foreign tax credits related to foreign taxes paid on foreign earnings that will be remitted to the U.S.

The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability approach, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequence of events that have been recognized in the Company’s financial statements or income tax returns. Income taxes are recognized during the period in which the underlying transactions are recorded. Deferred taxes are provided for temporary differences between amounts of assets and liabilities as recorded for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured by tax laws. If the Company determines that a deferred tax asset arising from temporary differences is not likely to be utilized, the Company will establish a valuation allowance against that asset to record it at its expected realizable value. If the Company later determines, based on the weight of available evidence, that the deferred tax assets are more likely than not to be realized in the future, the allowance may be reversed in whole or in part. Management considers many factors when assessing the likelihood of future realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets, including recent cumulative earnings experience by taxing jurisdiction, expectations of future taxable income, the carry-forward periods available for tax reporting purposes and other factors. The range of possible estimates relating to the valuation of the Company’s deferred tax assets is very wide. Significant judgment is required in making these assessments and it is very difficult to predict when, if ever, management may conclude that any portion of the deferred tax assets is realizable. As of September 30, 2014, there is a partial valuation allowance against net deferred tax assets. If future experience is significantly different from that which was projected in making these assessments, there could be significant additional adjustments to the Company’s deferred tax assets and income tax expense.

The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions when it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained upon examination by relevant taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. Although the Company believes that its tax positions are appropriate, the final determination of tax audits and any related litigation could result in material changes in the underlying estimates.

OVERVIEW

In 2014 we continued the sales growth which began in the second quarter of 2013 after the sharp decline in customer demand experienced in the first quarter of 2013. Sales increased each quarter during 2014 and we ended the year with seven consecutive quarters of sales growth starting with the second quarter of 2013; this was helped by consistent improvement in underlying market demand, order visibility, shipments and revenue in most of our markets, although Western Europe continues to lag the growth rates we are seeing in North America and Asia.  In 2014, sales totaled $37,923,000 compared to $32,203,000 in the previous year, an increase of 18% year-on-year.

 

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Gross profit percentage increased 2% from 2013, principally due to an improved sales mix, in particular the higher proportion of sales in 2014 to the off-road industrial market segment. Selling, research and administrative expenses increased approximately 8%, reflecting our continued investment in sales and marketing, engineering and research and development in response to the strong top-line growth. There was operating income of $1,025,000 in 2014, compared to an operating loss of $948,000 in 2013. In 2014, we returned to profitability with net income of $909,000, an improvement of $1,980,000 compared to the net loss of $1,071,000 made last year.  Diluted income per share was $0.19 in 2014 compared to a diluted loss per share of $0.32, in 2013.

· A) Results of Operations

2014 compared to 2013

The following table compares the 2014 results, for both the controls and capacitor segments, with the prior year, showing separately the percentage variances due to currency exchange rate changes and volume.

The Company’s main customers in the controls segment manufacture electric and hybrid vehicles for on-road, off-road and industrial applications, including automotive, construction, distribution, mining, airport ground support and utility applications.

In 2014 the Company recorded sales of $37.9 million, an 18% increase from the $32.2 million recorded in the prior year. We ended the year with a seventh consecutive quarter of increased sales which commenced in the second quarter of 2013 after a weak first quarter that year. In our controls segment sales increased by $5.4 million or 18% and in our capacitor segment sales grew $0.3 million, also an 18% increase year-on-year

In our controls business, sales increased 22% in the traditional off-road industrial market segment and sales in the on-road market increased 5% year-over-year.

 

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The Company’s traditional markets of aerial work platform applications, fork lift trucks and aftermarket sales all showed strong growth in 2014 with sales increases over 2013 of 45%, 16% and 26%, respectively, reflecting strong demand for construction products from customers in the Far East and North America. These increases were partially offset by lower sales for airport ground support in Europe and mining equipment in North America, by 20% and 23%, respectively, than last year. We have now seen a 47% reduction in sales to mining customers from 2012 to 2014. The mining sector is suffering from a substantial decline in demand for coal on a global basis and this is compounded by the challenges our main mining customer, Caterpillar, has in the Far East where demand for new equipment has slowed as a consequence. The mining market and customers forecast a stabilization of this situation soon although this sector has become less important to our financial performance as growth in other sectors has compensated for mining’s decline. In the other EV category, sales were up more than 28% year-on-year, primarily driven by growing controller shipments to a U.S. manufacturer of gyro stabilizers for leisure yachts and commercial marine applications.

In the Company’s on-road vehicle segment, sales for two-wheel applications were down 20% largely due to significantly lower demand from customers in the Far East offset by good growth in demand from North American manufacturers of electric motorcycles. The reduction in on-road two-wheel applications was more than offset by a 22% increase in sales for four-wheel applications, primarily reflecting increasing electrification of commercial vehicles in Asia and North America, including both EV and hybrid applications.

Looking forward to 2015 for our controls segment, we believe that the investments made in recent years in the Company’s engineering and sales infrastructure will improve the potential for the business in this environment.

In the capacitor business, sales to external customers increased by $332,000, or 18%, compared to 2013. Currency exchange rate changes increased sales by $125,000, or 7%, and capacitor volumes shipped were $207,000, or 11%, higher than last year, due principally to increased demand from the railway signaling market.

In the controls segment, cost of sales was $21,933,000 compared to $19,232,000 in 2013, an increase of $2,701,000. The gross profit percentage in 2014 of 38.6% was 2 percentage points higher than in 2013 when it was 36.6%. The increase in the gross profit percentage was principally due to the mix of sales in 2014 compared to 2013, in particular the higher proportion of sales in 2014 to the off-road industrial market segment. In the capacitor segment gross profit of $1,015,000 was 43% higher than the 2013 gross profit of $711,000. The gross profit percentage was 45.7% of sales in 2014 compared to 37.6% of sales in 2013. The increase in the capacitor business gross profit percentage was mainly due to a higher volume of sales to better margin sectors in 2014 compared to 2013 and also the impact of overhead costs in cost of sales, which are largely fixed, being a lower percentage of sales in 2014.

The table below analyzes the year-to-year change in sales, cost of sales and gross profit.

Selling, research and administrative expenses were $13,765,000 in 2014 compared to $12,747,000 in the prior year, an increase of $1,018,000. In 2014, the Company incurred two non-recurring charges amounting to $699,000: a $481,000 charge for the establishment of our Chinese joint venture and a charge of $218,000 to recognize a write-off arising from a bankrupt customer in France. In 2013, in response to the uncertain economic environment in the first quarter of the year and the resultant lower demand for the Company’s products, there was a restructuring charge of $605,000 comprised of employee severance costs, associated professional fees, and related costs. Excluding the impact of the two non-recurring items in 2014, and the restructuring charge in 2013, selling, research and administrative expenses increased $924,000, or 7.6%, on a like-for-like basis, reflecting the continued investment in sales and marketing and engineering and research and development, including the hiring of additional staff, in response to the strong top-line growth.

The Company recorded U.K. government grants of $500,000 in 2014 associated with research and development expense of $1,959,000 in the same period. In 2013, the Company recorded government grants of $149,000 associated with research and development expense of $462,000.  The grants were recorded as a reduction of research and development expense in each period. In addition, in 2014, the Company participated in a U.K. government research and development arrangement which allows U.K. companies to record an additional available tax credit to the income statement above operating income as an “above the line credit” subject to meeting certain qualifying conditions. In 2014 the Company recorded an income statement credit of $261,000 which it also recorded as a reduction of research and development expense in the year. The company did not record a credit to the research and development expense in respect of this arrangement in 2013.

 

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An analysis of the year-to-year change in selling, research and administrative expenses, before the two non-recurring items in 2014, and the restructuring charge in 2013, is set out below:

There was operating income for the year of $1,025,000 compared to operating loss of $948,000 in 2013, an improvement of $1,973,000. This was due to the 18% increase in sales volumes shipped and the resultant increase in gross margin of $2,991,000 partially offset by the increase in reported operating expenses of $1,018,000.  The controls business reported operating profit of $977,000 compared to operating loss of $739,000 in 2013. There was operating income of $283,000 in the capacitor business compared with operating income of $75,000 in 2013.

There was a loss in the year due to adverse foreign currency movements of $83,000 in 2014, compared to a foreign currency exchange loss of $430,000 in 2013. Interest expense was $136,000, which was $35,000 higher than the prior year, due to higher average overdraft borrowings during 2014 than in the prior year.

There was income before income taxes in 2014 of $816,000 compared to a loss before income taxes of $1,463,000 in 2013, an improvement year-on-year of $2,279,000.

The Company recorded an income tax charge of $85,000 or 10.4% of pre-tax income for the year compared to a benefit from income tax of $392,000 or 26.8% of pre-tax income in 2013. The income tax charge of 10.4% of pre-tax income was lower than the statutory Federal income tax rate of 34% for several reasons. The main items which reduced the effective tax rate were a benefit of $122,000 due to U.K and French tax rates being lower than the Federal tax rate and $213,000 of additional research and development tax credits arising from research and development activity in the Company’s U.K. operations.

After adjusting for a $201,000 loss attributable due to the non-controlling interest in the Company’s joint venture and $23,000 of preference share dividends, the Company recorded net income after taxes of $909,000 compared to a net loss after taxes of $1,071,000 last year, an increase of $1,980,000, year-on-year. Diluted income per share was $0.19 in 2014 compared to a diluted loss per share of $0.32, in 2013.

· B) Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company’s operating activities generated $340,000 of cash during 2014 compared with cash used by operating activities for 2013 of $409,000. Acquisitions of property, plant and equipment amounted to $744,000 compared to $435,000 in 2013.   Cash generated from financing activities was $9,235,000 due to the net proceeds of the rights issue in the fourth quarter which raised $9,345,000 after issuance costs of approximately $663,000. This compared to net cash used by financing activities of $112,000 in 2013. Exchange rate changes increased cash by $24,000 in 2014 compared to an increase of $191,000 last year. At September 30, 2014 the Company’s cash balances were $11,238,000 compared to $2,062,000 last year.

Trade and other receivables decreased by $113,000 and accounts payable increased by $506,000 which both increased cash during the year. This was more than offset by increases in inventories and prepaid expenses and other current assets of $544,000 and $906,000, respectively, which both decreased cash during the year.

The Company had a remaining balance on a U.K. bank loan of $28,000 included in long-term debt at September 30, 2014. The Company also has overdraft facilities in the United Kingdom amounting to $1,460,000 which were unused as of September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013. The overdraft facility of the U.K. capacitor subsidiary is secured by a lien over the facility owned and occupied by that company. The overdraft facility of the U.K. controls subsidiary is secured by a lien on a facility owned by that company. Both facilities were renewed in the third quarter of 2014 for a further period of twelve months but, in line with normal practice in Europe, can be withdrawn on demand by the bank. Management believes that, if these facilities were withdrawn, adequate alternative credit resources would be available. However, this would depend on the Company’s situation and the economic environment at the time. Accordingly, management does not rely on their availability in projecting the adequacy of the Company’s capital resources.

 

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The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Sevcon USA, Inc., has a $3,500,000 secured revolving credit facility with Citizens Bank, National Association for working capital and general corporate purposes. The obligations under the revolving credit facility are guaranteed by the Company and are secured by all of the assets of Sevcon USA, Inc. and a pledge of all of the capital stock of Sevcon USA, Inc.  The facility imposes customary limitations on Sevcon USA, Inc.’s ability to, among other things, pay dividends, make distributions, and incur additional indebtedness.  Under the facility, Sevcon USA, Inc. must maintain, on a quarterly basis, a debt to tangible net worth ratio of no more than 2.40:1 and a debt service coverage ratio of no less than 1.25:1 for each rolling twelve-month period.  At September 30, 2014, the Company was in compliance with these covenants. Upon entering into the revolving credit facility, Sevcon USA, Inc. drew down $1,700,000, which was the total amount outstanding at September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013. On December 1, 2014 the Company repaid the full $1,700,000 amount. The term of the revolving credit facility was extended as of September 30, 2014 and will expire on June 14, 2017 when all outstanding principal and unpaid interest then drawn will be due and payable in full.

The funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans deteriorated from a deficit of $8,354,000 at September 30, 2013 to a deficit of $9,529,000 at September 30, 2014.  The increase in the deficit of $1,175,000 was due to several factors.  The most significant factor was an actuarial loss of $1,911,000 of which $1,706,000 related to the Company’s U.K. defined benefit plan and $205,000 related to the Company’s U.S. defined benefit plan. The actuarial loss in the Company’s U.K. defined benefit plan was largely the result of deterioration in the financial assumptions underlying the calculation of the liabilities during the year and in particular the yield on high quality corporate bonds. This led to a higher value being placed on the liabilities at the end of the fiscal year. The Company made deficit contributions of $698,000 in total during the year to the closed U.K. and U.S. defined benefit pension plans.

There were no significant capital expenditure commitments at September 30, 2014. The Company’s capital expenditures are expected, on average over a two to three year period, to be less than the depreciation charge, which averaged $602,000 over the last three years. It is estimated that the Company will make contributions to its U.K. and U.S. defined benefit pension plans of approximately $687,000 in 2015. Should the Company suffer a material reduction in revenues in 2015 this commitment could adversely impact the Company’s financial position. Furthermore, a material reduction in revenues in 2015 would significantly reduce the Company’s cash balances; however, in the opinion of management, the Company’s requirements for working capital to meet projected operational and capital spending needs in both the short-term (next twelve months) and long-term (twelve to thirty-six months) can be met by a combination of existing cash resources, future earnings and existing borrowing facilities. Nonetheless, the outlook remains unpredictable given the significant uncertainty about the stability of global credit and financial markets in light of the continuing debt crisis in certain European countries. Any material reduction in revenues will have a materially adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, which would be exacerbated if any of the Company’s lenders withdraws or reduces available credit. If the Company is unable to generate sufficient cash from operations and if the bank overdraft facilities are withdrawn, the Company would need to raise additional debt or equity capital from other sources to avoid significantly curtailing its business and materially adversely affecting its results.   

 

· C) Off balance sheet arrangements

The Company does not have any off balance sheet financing or arrangements.

 

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ITEM 7A

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

As a smaller reporting company, the Company is not required to respond to this item. However, we are providing the following information about our foreign currency and interest rate risks to supplement the disclosure in Item 7.

Foreign currency risk

The Company sells to customers throughout the industrialized world. In 2014 approximately 49% of the Company’s sales were made in U.S. Dollars, 25% were made in British Pounds and 26% were made in Euros. In the controller business the majority of the product is produced in three separate plants in Poland, Mexico and China and cost of sales is incurred in a combination of British Pounds, Euros and U.S. Dollars. This resulted in the Company’s sales and margins being exposed to fluctuations due to the change in the exchange rates of the U.S. Dollar, the British Pound and the Euro.

In addition, the translation of the sales and income of foreign subsidiaries into U.S. Dollars is subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

The Company had no foreign currency derivative financial instruments outstanding as of September 30, 2014.

The following table provides information about the Company’s foreign currency accounts receivable, accounts payable and firmly committed sales contracts as of September 30, 2014. The information is provided in U.S. Dollar amounts, as presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Interest rate risk

At September 30, 2014, the Company had $28,000 of interest bearing debt related to a U.K. bank loan for the purchase of capital equipment by the Company’s U.K. metalized film capacitor business.   In addition, at September 30, 2014, the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Sevcon USA, Inc., had $1,700,000 of interest bearing debt related to a secured revolving credit facility which was entered into for working capital and general corporate purposes. This loan amount was paid-down in full on December 1, 2014. The Company invests surplus funds in instruments with maturities of less than 12 months at both fixed and floating interest rates. The Company incurs short-term borrowings from time-to-time on its overdraft facilities in Europe at variable interest rates. Due to the short-term nature of the Company’s investments at September 30, 2014 the risk arising from changes in interest rates was not material.

 

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ITEM 8

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

September 30, 2014 and 2013

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

For the Years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

For the Years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

For the Years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

For the Years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Sevcon, Inc. and Subsidiaries

(1) SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

A. Basis of presentation

Sevcon, Inc. is a Delaware corporation organized on December 22, 1987 to carry on the electronic controls business previously performed by Tech/Ops. Through wholly-owned subsidiaries located in the United States, England, France, South Korea, Japan and a 50% owned joint venture company located in China, the Company designs and sells, under the Sevcon name, controls for zero emission and hybrid electric vehicles. The controls are used to vary the speed and movement of vehicles, to integrate specialized functions and to prolong the shift life of vehicles’ power source. The Company’s customers are manufacturers of on-road, off-road and industrial vehicles including automobiles, motorcycles, buses, fork lift trucks, aerial lifts, mining vehicles, airport ground support vehicles, utility vehicles, sweepers and other battery powered vehicles.  Through another wholly-owned subsidiary located in Wales, Sevcon manufactures special metalized film capacitors that are used as components in the power electronics, signaling and audio equipment markets.

Accounting for wholly-owned subsidiaries

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries; Sevcon USA, Inc., Sevcon Limited and subsidiary, Sevcon SAS, Sevcon Asia Limited and Sevcon Japan KK, in accordance with the provisions required by the Consolidation Topic 810 of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”).  All material intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Accounting for joint-venture subsidiary

For the Company's less than wholly owned subsidiary, Sevcon New Energy Technology (Hubei) Company Limited, the Company first analyzes whether this joint venture subsidiary is a variable interest entity (a “VIE”) in accordance with ASC 810 and if so, whether the Company is the primary beneficiary requiring consolidation. A VIE is an entity that has (i) insufficient equity to permit it to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or (ii) equity holders that lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary, which is the entity that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the entity that potentially could be significant to the entity. Variable interests in a VIE are contractual, ownership, or other financial interests in a VIE that change with changes in the fair value of the VIE’s net assets. The Company continuously re-assesses at each level of the joint venture whether the entity is (i) a VIE, and (ii) if the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. If it is determined that the entity in which the Company holds its interest qualifies as a VIE and the Company is the primary beneficiary, it is consolidated.

Based on the Company's analysis for its 50% owned joint venture, the Company has determined that it is a VIE and that the Company is the primary beneficiary. While the Company owns 50% of the equity interest in this subsidiary, the other 50% is owned by a local unrelated third party, and the joint venture agreement with that third party provides the Company with greater voting rights. Accordingly, the Company consolidates its joint venture under the VIE rules and reflects the third party’s 50% interest in the consolidated financial statements as a non-controlling interest. The Company records this non-controlling interest at its initial fair value, adjusting the basis prospectively for their share of the respective consolidated investments’ net income or loss or equity contributions and distributions. This non-controlling interest is not redeemable by the equity holders and is presented as part of permanent equity. Income and losses are allocated to the non-controlling interest holder based on its economic ownership percentage.

B. Revenue recognition

Revenue from the sales of products is recognized at the time title and risks and rewards of ownership pass to the customer (either when the products reach the free-on-board shipping point or destination depending on the contractual terms), there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, the sales price is fixed and determinable and collection is reasonably assured. Shipping, handling, purchasing, receiving, inspecting, warehousing, and other costs of distribution are presented in cost of sales in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company classifies amounts charged to its customers for shipping and handling in net sales in its consolidated statement of operations. The Company’s only post-shipment obligation relates to warranty in the normal course of business for which ongoing reserves, which management believes to be adequate, are maintained. The movement in warranty reserves was as follows:

 

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(in thousands of dollars)

Infrequently the Company enters into fixed-price non-recurring engineering contracts.  Revenue from these contracts is recognized in accordance with the proportional performance method of accounting.

C. Research and development

The cost of research and development programs is charged against income as incurred and amounted to approximately $3,964,000 in 2014 and $3,916,000 in 2013, net of U.K. government grants received. This expense is included in selling, research and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Research and development expense, net of grants received, was 10% of sales in 2014 and 12% of sales in 2013.

In recent years the Company has received several awards of research and development grants by the Technology Strategy Board, a public body established by the U.K. government to stimulate technology-enabled innovation.

In 2011, the Company was awarded a research and development grant by the Technology Strategy Board to lead a collaborative project with Cummins Generator Technologies and Newcastle University in the U.K. to develop an innovative electric drive system for electric vehicles using advanced switched reluctance motor technology. The Company recorded grant income from this Technology Strategy Board project of $84,000 in 2014 associated with research and development expense of $251,000. The Company recorded grant income of $133,000 associated with research and development expense of $395,000 in respect of this Technology Strategy Board grant in 2013.

In 2013, the Company was awarded a research and development grant by the Technology Strategy Board as one of a consortium of organizations in the U.K to research and design ultra-efficient systems for electric and hybrid vehicles. The Company recorded grant income from this Technology Strategy Board project of $6,000 in 2014 associated with research and development expense of $25,000. The Company recorded grant income from this Technology Strategy Board project of $2,000 in 2013 associated with research and development expense of $9,000.

In July 2013, the Company was awarded a grant of approximately $480,000 by the Low Emission Transport Collaborative Projects Fund, a U.K. government body. The grant is to develop next-generation controls for high-voltage, low-power applications. This grant will defray part of the research and development expense associated with this project over the period ending March 2015. The Company recorded grant income from this Technology Strategy Board project of $410,000 in 2014 associated with research and development expense of $1,683,000. The Company recorded grant income from this Technology Strategy Board project of $14,000 in 2013 associated with research and development expense of $58,000.

In 2014, the Company participated in a U.K. government research and development arrangement which allows U.K. companies to record an additional available tax credit to the income statement above operating income as an “above the line credit” subject to meeting certain qualifying conditions. The credit is a percentage, which currently ranges from 10% to 14.5% depending on circumstances, of qualifying research and development expenditure in the period. The credit discharges income tax the Company would have to pay or allows companies without an income tax liability to receive a refund payment from the U.K. government. In 2014, the Company recorded an income statement credit of $261,000 and had an income tax receivable balance of $227,000 at September 30, 2014 from this initiative. The company did not record a credit to the income statement or have an income tax receivable balance in respect of this arrangement in 2013.

D. Depreciation and maintenance

Property, plant and equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, which are primarily fifty years for buildings, seven years for equipment and four years for computer equipment and software. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense and renewals and betterments are capitalized.

E. Stock based compensation plans

The Company’s 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Plan”) provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock and other equity-based awards to officers, key employees, consultants and non-employee directors of the Company.

 

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The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company has not granted stock options since 2003.

Since 2004, the Company has granted restricted stock to certain officers, key employees and non-employee directors in exchange for services provided to the Company over the vesting period of the stock. The vesting period of the restricted stock (i.e. when the restrictions lapse) is normally five years in respect of officers and key employees and one year in respect of non-employee directors. For officers and key employees, the Company recognizes compensation expense in respect of restricted stock grants on a straight line basis over the vesting period of the restricted stock based on the closing stock price on the grant date and an expected forfeiture rate of awards of 4%. For non-employee directors, the Company recognizes compensation expense in respect of restricted stock grants on a straight line basis over the vesting period of the restricted stock based on the closing stock price on the grant date.

F. Income taxes

The Company uses the liability method of accounting for income taxes.  Under the liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect the impact of temporary differences between amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and such amounts as measured under enacted tax laws.  A valuation allowance is required to offset any net deferred tax assets if, based upon the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Sevcon, Inc. files tax returns in the respective countries in which it operates. The financial statements reflect the current and deferred tax consequences of all events recognized in the financial statements or tax returns. We account for income tax uncertainties according to guidance on the recognition, de-recognition and measurement of potential tax benefits associated with tax positions.  We recognize interest and penalties relating to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. See Note 4.

G. Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. Inventory costs include materials, direct labor and overhead, and are relieved from inventory on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company’s reported financial condition includes a provision for estimated slow-moving and obsolete inventory that is based on a comparison of inventory levels with forecasted future demand. Such demand is estimated based on many factors, including management judgments, relating to each customer’s business and to economic conditions. The Company reviews in detail all significant inventory items with holdings in excess of estimated normal requirements. It also considers the likely impact of changing technology. It makes an estimate of the provision for slow moving and obsolete stock on an item-by-item basis based on a combination of likely usage based on forecasted customer demand, potential sale or scrap value and possible alternative use. This provision represents the difference between original cost and market value at the end of the financial period. In cases where there is no estimated future use for the inventory item and there is no estimated scrap or resale value, a 100% provision is recorded. Where the Company estimates that only part of the total holding of an inventory item will not be used, or there is an estimated scrap, resale or alternate use value, then a proportionate provision is recorded. Once an item has been written down, it is not subsequently revalued upwards. The reserve for slow moving and obsolete inventories at September 30, 2014 was $485,000 and at September 30, 2013, the reserve was $658,000.

Inventories were comprised of:

 

(in thousands of dollars)

 

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H. Accounts receivable

In the normal course of business, the Company provides credit to customers, performs credit evaluations of these customers, monitors payment performance, and maintains reserves for potential credit losses in the allowance for doubtful accounts which, when realized, have historically been within the range of the Company’s reserves. An account receivable is considered past due if any portion has been outstanding for greater than 60 days.

I. Translation of foreign currencies

Sevcon, Inc. translates the assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries at the current rate of exchange, and statement of operations accounts at the average exchange rates in effect during the period. Gains or losses from foreign currency translation are credited or charged to the cumulative translation adjustment included in the statement of comprehensive (loss) income and as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders' equity in the consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are shown in the consolidated statement of operations.

J. Derivative instruments and hedging

The Company sells to customers throughout the industrialized world. In the controls segment the majority of the Company’s product is produced in three separate plants in Poland, Mexico and China. Approximately 49% of the Company’s sales are made in U.S. Dollars, 25% are made in British Pounds and 26% are made in Euros. Approximately 18% of the Company’s cost of sales is incurred in British Pounds and 73% is incurred in Euros. This results in the Company’s sales and margins being exposed to fluctuations due to the change in the exchange rates of U.S. Dollar, the British Pound and the Euro.

The Company had no foreign currency derivative financial instruments during the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013.

K. Cash equivalents and short-term investments

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of 90 days or less to be cash equivalents. Highly liquid investments with maturities greater than 90 days and less than one year are classified as short-term investments.

Such investments are generally money market funds, bank certificates of deposit, U.S. Treasury bills and short-term bank deposits in Europe.

L. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income or loss for the period by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The computation of diluted earnings per share is similar to the computation of basic earnings per share, except that the denominator is increased for the assumed exercise of dilutive options and other potentially dilutive securities, including convertible preferred stock, using the treasury stock method unless the effect is anti-dilutive.

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share for the two years ended September 30, 2014 is calculated as follows:

(in thousands except per share data)

In 2013 common stock equivalents of 12,000 were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share as their effect on the calculation would have been anti-dilutive.

M. Use of estimates in the preparation of financial statements

The presentation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. The most significant estimates and assumptions made by management include bad debt, inventory and warranty reserves, goodwill impairment assessment, pension plan assumptions and income tax assumptions. Operating results in the future could vary from the amounts derived from management's estimates and assumptions.

 

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N. Fair value measurements

The FASB has issued authoritative guidance, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. This guidance does not require any new fair value measurements, but provides guidance on how to measure fair value by providing a fair value hierarchy used to classify the source of the information. In accordance with this guidance, financial assets and liabilities have been categorized, based on the priority of the inputs to the valuation technique, into a three-level fair value hierarchy as set forth below. If the inputs used to measure the financial instruments fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the categorization is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement of the instrument.

The three levels of the hierarchy are defined as follows:

Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1. Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in non-active markets, quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. The Company currently does not have any Level 2 financial assets or liabilities.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s own assumptions about the input used in pricing the asset or liability. The Company currently does not have any Level 3 financial assets or liabilities.

At September 30, 2014, the fair value measurements affect only the Company’s consideration of pension plan assets as disclosed in Note 7, Employee Benefit Plans and debt as disclosed in Note 9.

O. Fair value of financial instruments

The Company's financial instruments consist mainly of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable and accounts payable. The carrying amount of these financial instruments as of September 30, 2014 approximates fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments. The fair value of the Company’s long term debt at September 30, 2014 approximated $1,700,000 (the carrying value on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2014) based on recent financial market pricing. The long term debt represented a level 2 liability in accordance with the fair value hierarchy outlined above.

P. Goodwill

The amount by which the cost of purchased businesses included in the accompanying financial statements exceeded the fair value of net assets at the date of acquisition has been recorded as goodwill.

In accordance with FASB accounting guidance regarding goodwill and other intangible assets, the Company performs an assessment of goodwill impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the value has been impaired. The Company has designated September 30 as the date it performs the annual review of goodwill impairment. Goodwill impairment testing is performed at the segment (or “reporting unit”) level.

In evaluating goodwill for impairment, the reporting unit’s fair value was first compared to its carrying value. The fair value of the reporting unit was estimated by considering (1) market capitalization, (2) market multiple and recent transaction values of similar companies and (3) projected discounted future cash flows, if reasonably estimable. Key assumptions in the estimation of projected discounted future cash flows include the use of an appropriate discount rate, estimated future cash flows and estimated run rates of sales, gross profit and operating expenses. In estimating future cash flows, the Company incorporates expected growth rates, as well as other factors into its revenue and expense forecasts. If the reporting unit’s fair value exceeds its carrying value, no further testing is required. If, however, the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, the amount of the impairment charge is determined, if any. An impairment charge is recognized if the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. At each of September 30, 2014 and 2013, there was $1,435,000 of goodwill on the balance sheet of the Company which related wholly to one business segment, the controls segment, and the estimated fair value of the reporting unit significantly exceeded its carrying value under each method of calculation performed.

 

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Q. New Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, requiring an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. The updated standard will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective and permits the use of either a full retrospective or retrospective with cumulative effect transition method. Early adoption is not permitted. The updated standard becomes effective for the Company in the first quarter of fiscal 2018. The Company has not yet selected a transition method and is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In July 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2013-11, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists." ASU No. 2013-11 clarifies that companies should present, in certain cases, an unrecognized tax benefit as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward when such items exist in the same jurisdiction. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013, our fiscal year ended September 30, 2015. The Company is currently assessing the impact on its consolidated statement of financial position; however we do not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2013-11 will have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In March 2013, the FASB issued ASU No. 2013-05, "Foreign Currency Matters (Topic 830): Parent's Accounting for the Cumulative Translation Adjustment upon Derecognition of Certain Subsidiaries or Groups of Assets within a Foreign Entity or of an Investment in a Foreign Entity." ASU No. 2013-05 clarifies when companies should release the cumulative translation adjustment (CTA) into net income when a parent either sells a part or all of its investment in a foreign entity or no longer holds a controlling financial interest in a subsidiary or group of assets within a foreign entity. Additionally, ASU No. 2013-05 states that CTA should be released into net income upon an acquirer obtaining control of an acquiree in which it held an equity interest immediately before the acquisition date (step acquisition). This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2013, our fiscal year ended September 30, 2015. The Company is currently assessing the impact on its consolidated statement of financial position; however we do not anticipate the adoption of ASU 2013-05 will have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40)” (“ASU 2014-15”). ASU 2014-15 requires management to assess an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern by incorporating and expanding upon certain principles of current U.S. auditing standards. Specifically, the amendments (1) provide a definition of the term “substantial doubt”, (2) require an evaluation every reporting period, including interim periods, (3) provide principles for considering the mitigating effect of management’s plans, (4) require certain disclosures when substantial doubt is alleviated as a result of consideration of management’s plans, (5) require an express statement and other disclosures when substantial doubt is still present, and (6) require an assessment for a period of one year after the date that the financial statements are issued (or available to be issued). ASU 2014-15 is effective for annual reporting periods ending after December 15, 2016 and interim periods thereafter. The Company does not believe that this pronouncement will have an impact on its consolidated financial statements.

R. Employee Benefit Plans

Sevcon, Inc. recognizes its pension plans’ over-funded or under-funded status in its balance sheets and recognizes the change in a plan’s funded status in comprehensive income in the year which the changes occur.

(2) CAPITAL STOCK

Sevcon, Inc. has two classes of authorized capital stock, preferred and common. There are authorized 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $.10 par value and 8,000,000 shares of common stock, $.10 par value.

(3) STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS

Under the Company’s 1996 Equity Incentive Plan there were 219,557 shares reserved and available for grant at September 30, 2014. There were 137,000 shares reserved and available for grant at September 30, 2013.  There were no options exercised in 2014 or in 2013.  In the second quarter of 2014 stockholders approved an increase of 150,000 in the number of the shares of common stock authorized for issuance under the Plan.

Recipients of grants of options must execute a standard form of non-competition agreement. The plan provides for the grant of Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Options, and Stock Appreciation Rights (“SAR”s). SARs may be awarded either separately, or in relation to options granted, and for the grant of bonus shares. Options granted are exercisable at a price not less than fair market value on the date of grant.

 

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Option transactions under the plans for the two years ended September 30, 2014 were as follows:

There were no options outstanding at September 30, 2014. At September 30, 2013 there were 5,000 options outstanding at $5.40 with a weighted average remaining contractual life of 0.1 years

In December 2013, the Company granted 80,000 shares of restricted stock to seven employees, which will vest in five equal annual installments so long as the employee is then employed by the Company, or as determined by the Compensation Committee. The estimated fair value of the stock measured on the date of grant was $354,000, based on the fair market value of the stock on the date of issue. The unvested compensation is being charged to income on a straight line basis over five years. The charge to income for this employee restricted stock in 2014 was $53,000 and the subsequent charge will be approximately $18,000 on a quarterly basis.

In February 2014, the Company granted 28,600 shares of restricted stock to eleven non-employee directors, which will vest on the day before the 2015 annual meeting providing that the grantee remains a director of the Company, or as otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee. The aggregate fair value of the stock measured on the date of grant was $213,000, based on the closing sale price of the stock on the date of grant. Compensation expense is being charged to income on a straight line basis over the twelve month requisite service period during which the forfeiture conditions lapse. The charge to income for these restricted stock grants in 2014 was $124,000 and the subsequent charge will be approximately $53,000 on a quarterly basis.

For the purposes of calculating average issued shares for basic earnings per share these shares are only considered to be outstanding when the forfeiture conditions lapse and the shares vest.

Restricted stock transactions under the plans for the two years ended September 30, 2014 were as follows:

As of September 30, 2014, there was $619,000 of compensation expense related to non-vested awards not yet recognized, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.0 years.

Stock-based compensation expense was $320,000 and $262,000 for the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

 

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(4) INCOME TAXES

The domestic and foreign components of income (loss) before income taxes are as follows:

  

The components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes and deferred taxes for the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

		(in thousands of dollars)
		2014
		Current				Deferred
Federal		$	-			$	134
State			44				87
Foreign			(97	)			(83	)
		$	(53	)		$	138

 

The provision (benefit) for income taxes in each period differs from that which would be computed by applying the statutory U.S. Federal income tax rate to the income before income taxes. The following is a summary of the major items affecting the provision:

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

A reduction in the U.K. corporate tax rate from 23% to 21% and then to 20% was substantively enacted in 2013 with effect in 2014 and 2015; this rate reduction resulted in the write down in the value of the Company’s U.K. deferred tax assets of $444,000 in 2013 referred to in the table above.

 

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The significant items comprising the domestic and foreign deferred tax accounts at September 30, 2014 and 2013 are as follows:

The domestic valuation allowance at September 30, 2014 relates to the realizability of foreign tax credit carryforwards in the U.S; the foreign valuation allowance relates to net operating losses in the Company’s Asian subsidiaries.  In assessing the continuing need for a valuation allowance the Company has assessed the available means of recovering its deferred tax assets, including the ability to carryback net operating losses, the existence of reversing temporary differences, the availability of tax planning strategies, and available sources of future taxable income, including a revised estimate of future sources of pre-tax income. The Company has historically had profitable operations.  The Company’s current projections reflect future profitable operations.  Since the majority of the Company’s deferred tax assets relate to operations in countries where net operating losses have unlimited carryforwards, the Company has concluded that no valuation allowance is required on its deferred tax assets.

The Company has generated domestic federal and state net operating losses of $608,200 which will expire in 2028 and 2015, respectively. The Company has generated foreign net operating losses of approximately $9,201,000 which have an indefinite carry forward period.

 

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During the year, the Company elected to receive a refundable tax credit of $261,000 related to certain research and development incentives in the U.K.  These amounts have been recorded in operating income, as they are refunded without regard to actual tax liability.

At September 30, 2014, the Company has not provided United States income taxes or foreign withholding taxes on unremitted foreign earnings of approximately $10.9 million, as those amounts are considered indefinitely invested in light of the Company’s substantial non-U.S. operations. Due to the complexities of the U.S. tax law, including the effect of U.S. foreign tax credits, it is not practicable to estimate the amount of tax that might be payable on these earnings in the event they no longer are indefinitely reinvested.

Uncertain tax positions

Effective October 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB authoritative guidance regarding the recognition and measurement of all tax positions taken or to be taken by the Company and its subsidiaries. The adoption of this guidance followed a review by the Company of all potential uncertain tax positions. As a consequence of that review, it was concluded that no provision was required in respect of the adoption of this guidance and consequently the Company has not recorded a liability for uncertain tax positions and the Company has recorded no cumulative effect to retained earnings pursuant to the adoption of this guidance. The Company’s tax returns are open to audit from 2011 and forward.

(5) ACCRUED EXPENSES

The analysis of accrued expenses at September 30, 2014 and 2013 showing separately any items in excess of 5% of total current liabilities was as follows:

 

(6) COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Sevcon, Inc. is involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business but believes that it is remote that the outcome will be material to operations.

The Company maintains a directors' retirement plan which provides for certain retirement benefits to non-employee directors. Effective January 1997 the plan was frozen and no further benefits are being accrued. While the cost of the plan has been fully charged to expense, the plan is not separately funded. The estimated maximum liability which has been recorded based on the cost of buying deferred annuities at September 30, 2014 was $162,000.

Minimum rental commitments under all non-cancelable leases are as follows for the years ended September 30: 2015 - $213,000; 2016 - $205,000; 2017 - $205,000; 2018 - $208,000; 2019 - $194,000 and $3,405,000 thereafter. Net rentals of certain land, buildings and equipment charged to expense were $242,000 in 2014 and $212,000 in 2013.

The U.K. subsidiaries of the Company have given to a bank a security interest in certain leasehold and freehold property assets as security for overdraft facilities of $1,460,000. There were no amounts outstanding on the overdraft facilities at September 30, 2014 or 2013. The obligations under a secured revolving credit facility entered into in 2011 by the U.S. subsidiary of the Company, are guaranteed by the Company and are secured by all of the assets and a pledge of all of the capital stock, of Sevcon USA, Inc. As at September 30, 2014 and 2013 there was $1,700,000 outstanding under the revolving credit facility.

(7) EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Sevcon, Inc. has defined contribution plans covering the majority of its U.S. and U.K. employees in the controls business. There is also a small defined contribution plan covering senior managers in the capacitor business.  The Company has frozen U.K. and U.S. defined benefit plans for which no future benefits are being earned by employees. The Company uses a September 30 measurement date for its defined benefit pension plans.

The Company’s French subsidiary, Sevcon S.A.S., has a liability to pay its employees a service and salary based award when they reach retirement age and leave the Company’s employment. This liability, which is unfunded, is recognized in accrued expenses and was $173,000 and $152,000 at September 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The obligation to pay this award is a French legal requirement and is only payable if the employee is employed by the Company when they retire; if they leave the Company prior to that time the award is no longer payable.

 

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The following table sets forth the estimated funded status of these frozen defined benefit plans and the amounts recognized by Sevcon, Inc.:

 

The funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans declined from a deficit of $8,354,000 at September 30, 2013 to a deficit of $9,529,000 at September 30, 2014.  The increase in the deficit of $1,175,000 was due to several factors.  The most significant factor was an actuarial loss of $1,911,000 of which $1,706,000 related to the Company’s U.K. defined benefit plan and $205,000 related to the Company’s U.S. defined benefit plan. The actuarial loss in the Company’s U.K. defined benefit plan was largely the result of deterioration in the financial assumptions underlying the calculation of the liabilities during the year and in particular the yield on high quality corporate bonds. This led to a higher value being placed on the liabilities at the end of the fiscal year.

Amounts recognized in the balance sheets consist of:

Amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss consist of:

The Sevcon, Inc. net pension cost included the following components:

 

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The weighted average assumptions used to determine plan obligations and net periodic benefit cost for the years ended September 30, 2014 and 2013 were as set out below: