SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 6-K


Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

15 August 2007



The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc


Gogarburn
PO Box 1000
Edinburgh EH12 1HQ
Scotland
United Kingdom

(Address of principal executive offices)



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F                                              Form 40-F    

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1):___

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7):___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes                                                                 No  X 

If "Yes" is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to
the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b): 82-            

This report on Form 6-K shall be deemed incorporated by reference in each of The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plcs Registration Statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-123972) and Registration Statement on Form F-4 (File No. 333-144752) and to be a part thereof from the date on which this report is furnished, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.




THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc


CONTENTS
Page
   
Condensed consolidated income statement
2
   
Financial review
3
   
Condensed consolidated balance sheet
5
   
Overview of condensed consolidated balance sheet
6
   
Description of business
8
   
Divisional performance
10
 
Corporate Markets
12
 
 -
Global Banking & Markets
13
 
 -
UK Corporate Banking
15
 
Retail Markets
16
 
 -
Retail
17
 
 -
Wealth Management
19
 
Ulster Bank
20
 
Citizens
21
 
RBS Insurance
23
 
Manufacturing
25
 
Central items
26
   
Average balance sheet
27
   
Average interest rates, yields, spreads and margins
28
   
Condensed financial statements
 
       Condensed consolidated income statement
29
       Condensed consolidated balance sheet
30
       Condensed consolidated statement of recognised income and expense
31
       Condensed consolidated cash flow statement
32
       Notes
33
   
Analysis of income, expenses and impairment losses
51
   
Regulatory ratios
52
   
Asset quality
 
 
Analysis of loans and advances to customers
53
 
Risk elements in lending
54
   
Risk information
55
   
Other information
57
   
Selected financial data
58
   
Forward-looking statements
60
   
Signature
61
 
 

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE HALF YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2007


   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Interest receivable
   
13,458
     
11,905
 
Interest payable
   
8,075
     
6,711
 
Net interest income
   
5,383
     
5,194
 
Fees and commissions receivable
   
3,588
     
3,543
 
Fees and commissions payable
    (916 )     (985 )
Income from trading activities
   
1,875
     
1,453
 
Other operating income (excluding insurance premium income)
   
1,712
     
1,457
 
Insurance premium income
   
3,193
     
3,112
 
Reinsurers’ share
    (145 )     (132 )
Non-interest income
   
9,307
     
8,448
 
Total income
   
14,690
     
13,642
 
Staff costs
   
3,494
     
3,233
 
Premises and equipment
   
748
     
668
 
Other administrative expenses
   
1,319
     
1,286
 
Depreciation and amortisation
   
835
     
853
 
Operating expenses*
   
6,396
     
6,040
 
Profit before other operating charges and impairment losses
   
8,294
     
7,602
 
Insurance claims
   
2,468
     
2,244
 
Reinsurers’ share
    (53 )     (40 )
Impairment losses
   
871
     
887
 
Operating profit before tax
   
5,008
     
4,511
 
Tax
   
1,272
     
1,387
 
Profit for the period
   
3,736
     
3,124
 
Minority interests
   
75
     
55
 
Preference dividends
   
106
     
91
 
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
   
3,555
     
2,978
 
                 
Basic earnings per ordinary share 
   
37.6p
     
31.0p
 
                 
Diluted earnings per ordinary share 
   
37.3p
     
30.8p
 
                 
*Operating expenses include:
   
£m
     
£m
 
Integration costs:
               
Administrative expenses
   
26
     
41
 
Depreciation and amortisation
   
29
     
2
 
     
55
     
43
 
Amortisation of purchased intangible assets
   
43
     
49
 
     
98
     
92
 


2

 

THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

FINANCIAL REVIEW


Operating profit before tax
Operating profit before tax was up 11%, from £4,511 million to £5,008 million, reflecting strong organic income growth in Corporate Markets, Wealth Management and Ulster Bank.

Total income
The Group achieved strong growth in income during the first half of 2007. Total income was up 8% or £1,048 million to £14,690 million.

Net interest income increased by 4% to £5,383 million and represents 37% of total income (2006 - 38%). Average loans and advances to customers and average customer deposits grew by 9% and 10% respectively.

Non-interest income increased by 10% to £9,307 million and represents 63% of total income (2006 - 62%).

Net interest margin
The Group’s net interest margin at 2.51% was down from 2.52% in the first half of 2006.

Operating expenses
Operating expenses rose by 6% to £6,396 million.

Cost:income ratio
The Group's cost:income ratio was 43.5% compared with 44.3% in 2006.

Net insurance claims
Bancassurance and general insurance claims, after reinsurance, increased by 10% to £2,415 million reflecting volume growth and adverse weather conditions in the first half of 2007. Excluding the impact of severe weather in June, net insurance claims increased by 3%.

Impairment losses
Impairment losses fell 2% to £871 million, compared with £887 million in 2006.

Risk elements in lending and potential problem loans represented 1.51% of gross loans and advances to customers excluding reverse repos at 30 June 2007 (31 December 2006 - 1.57%).

Provision coverage of risk elements in lending and potential problem loans was 63% (31 December 2006 - 62%).

Integration
Integration costs were £55 million compared with £43 million in 2006.


3


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

FINANCIAL REVIEW (continued)


Taxation
The effective tax rate for the first half of 2007 was 25.4% (first half 2006 - 30.7%). The tax rate benefited from a reduction of £157 million in deferred tax liability following the change in the rate of UK Corporation Tax from 30% to 28% from 1 April 2008. The change in the rate of taxation also reduced net interest income by £19 million to reflect lower rentals on leases with tax variation clauses.

Earnings and dividends
Basic earnings per ordinary share increased by 21%, from 31.0p to 37.6p.

An interim dividend of 10.1p per ordinary share, representing one third of last year’s total dividend will be paid on 5 October 2007 to shareholders registered on 17 August 2007.

Bonus issue
In May 2007, the Group capitalised £1,576 million of its share premium account by way of a bonus issue of two new ordinary shares of 25p each for every one held.
 
The number of ordinary shares in issue and per share data for prior periods have been restated to reflect the bonus issue in May 2007.

Business transfers
Divisional results for the first half of 2006 have been restated to reflect transfers of businesses between divisions in the second half of 2006 and the first half of 2007.  These changes are not material to the segmental disclosures and do not affect the Group’s results.
 
 
4

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
AT 30 JUNE 2007


   
30 June
   
31 December
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
Assets
               
Cash and balances at central banks
   
4,080
     
6,121
 
Treasury and other eligible bills
   
8,014
     
5,491
 
Loans and advances to banks
   
92,037
     
82,606
 
Loans and advances to customers
   
503,197
     
466,893
 
Debt securities
   
142,324
     
127,251
 
Equity shares
   
13,193
     
13,504
 
Settlement balances
   
21,372
     
7,425
 
Derivatives
   
183,313
     
116,681
 
Intangible assets
   
18,868
     
18,904
 
Property, plant and equipment
   
18,185
     
18,420
 
Prepayments, accrued income and other assets
   
6,683
     
8,136
 
Total assets
   
1,011,266
     
871,432
 
                 
Liabilities
               
Deposits by banks
   
139,415
     
132,143
 
Customer accounts
   
419,317
     
384,222
 
Debt securities in issue
   
95,519
     
85,963
 
Settlement balances and short positions
   
71,969
     
49,476
 
Derivatives
   
183,461
     
118,112
 
Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities
   
15,711
     
15,660
 
Retirement benefit liabilities
   
1,987
     
1,992
 
Deferred taxation
   
2,721
     
3,264
 
Insurance liabilities
   
7,629
     
7,456
 
Subordinated liabilities
   
27,079
     
27,654
 
Total liabilities
   
964,808
     
825,942
 
Equity:
               
Minority interests
   
4,914
     
5,263
 
Shareholders’ equity*
               
Called up share capital
   
2,391
     
815
 
Reserves
   
39,153
     
39,412
 
Total equity
   
46,458
     
45,490
 
Total liabilities and equity
   
1,011,266
     
871,432
 
                 
                 
*Shareholders’ equity attributable to:
               
Ordinary shareholders
   
37,403
     
36,546
 
Preference shareholders
   
4,141
     
3,681
 
     
41,544
     
40,227
 


5


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

OVERVIEW OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET


Total assets of £1,011.3 billion at 30 June 2007 were up £139.8 billion, 16%, compared with 31 December 2006.

Treasury and other eligible bills increased by £2.5 billion, 46% to £8.0 billion, due to higher trading activity.

Loans and advances to banks increased by £9.4 billion, 11%, to £92.0 billion. Reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing ("reverse repos") increased by £10.5 billion, 19% to £64.7 billion, but were offset by a reduction in bank placings of £1.1 billion, 4%, to £27.3 billion.

Loans and advances to customers were up £36.3 billion, 8%, to £503.2 billion.  Within this, reverse repos increased by 26%, £16.6 billion to £79.5 billion.  Excluding reverse repos, lending rose by £19.7 billion, 5% to £423.7 billion reflecting organic growth across all divisions.

Debt securities increased by £15.1 billion, 12%, to £142.3 billion, principally due to increased holdings in Global Banking & Markets.

Equity shares decreased by £0.3 billion, 2%, to £13.2 billion, primarily reflecting a decrease in the market value of the investment in Bank of China.

Settlement balances rose by £13.9 billion to £21.4 billion as a result of increased customer activity in Global Banking & Markets.

Movements in the value of derivatives, assets and liabilities, primarily reflect significant changes in interest rates since the year end and growth in trading volumes.

Prepayments, accrued income and other assets were down £1.5 billion, 18% to £6.7 billion.

Deposits by banks rose by £7.3 billion, 6% to £139.4 billion to fund business growth.  This reflected increased repurchase agreements and stock lending ("repos"), up £5.0 billion, 6% to £81.3 billion combined with higher inter-bank deposits, up £2.3 billion, 4% at £58.1 billion.

Customer accounts were up £35.1 billion, 9% to £419.3 billion.  Within this, repos increased £17.7 billion, 28% to £81.7 billion.  Excluding repos, deposits rose by £17.4 billion, 5%, to £337.6 billion reflecting organic growth in all divisions.

Debt securities in issue increased by £9.6 billion, 11%, to £95.5 billion.

The increase in settlement balances and short positions, up £22.5 billion, 45%, to £72.0 billion, reflected growth in customer activity.

Deferred taxation liabilities decreased by £0.5 billion, 17% to £2.7 billion, due in part to the change in the rate of UK corporation tax from 30% to 28% from 1 April 2008.

Subordinated liabilities were down £0.6 billion, 2% to £27.1 billion.  The issue of £1.0 billion dated loan capital was more than offset by the redemption of £0.3 billion dated and undated loan capital and £0.6 billion non-cumulative preference shares and the effect of exchange rate and other adjustments, £0.7 billion.

Equity minority interests decreased by £0.3 billion, 7% to £4.9 billion, primarily reflecting a reduction in the market value of the investment in Bank of China attributable to minority shareholders.
 
 
6

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

OVERVIEW OF CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (continued)


Shareholders’ equity increased by £1.3 billion, 3% to £41.5 billion. The profit for the six months of £3.7 billion and the issue of £0.4 billion non-cumulative fixed rate equity preference shares were partially offset by a £0.3 billion decrease in available-for-sale reserves, mainly reflecting the Group’s share in the investment in Bank of China, the payment of the 2006 final ordinary dividend of £2.1 billion and preference dividends of £0.1 billion, together with movements in currency translation and cash flow hedging reserves of £0.2 billion and £0.1 billion respectively.


 
7

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS


Corporate Markets is focused on the provision of debt and risk management services to medium and large businesses and financial institutions in the UK and around the world. Its activities are organised into two businesses, Global Banking & Markets and UK Corporate Banking, in order to enhance our focus on the distinct needs of these two customer segments.

Global Banking & Markets is a leading banking partner to major corporations and financial institutions around the world, providing an extensive range of debt financing, risk management and investment services to its customers.

UK Corporate Banking is the largest provider of banking, finance and risk management services to UK corporate customers. Through its network of relationship managers across the country it distributes the full range of Corporate Markets’ products and services to companies.

Retail Markets leads the co-ordination and delivery of our multi-brand retail strategy across our product range and comprises Retail and Wealth Management.

Retail comprises both The Royal Bank of Scotland and NatWest retail brands.  It offers a full range of banking products and related financial services to the personal, premium and small business markets (SMEs) through the largest network of branches and ATMs in the UK, as well as through telephone and internet banking. Retail is the UK market leader in small business banking. Retail issues a comprehensive range of credit and charge cards and other financial products through The Royal Bank of Scotland, NatWest and other brands, including MINT, First Active UK and Tesco Personal Finance.  It is the leading merchant acquirer in Europe and ranks 4th globally.

Wealth Management provides private banking and investment services to its global clients through Coutts Group, Adam & Company, The Royal Bank of Scotland International and NatWest Offshore.

Ulster Bank, including First Active, provides a comprehensive range of retail and wholesale financial services in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.  Retail Banking has a network of branches throughout Ireland and operates in the personal, commercial and wealth management sectors. Corporate Markets provides a wide range of services in the corporate and institutional markets. RBS's European Consumer Finance ('ECF') activities, previously part of RBS Retail Markets, are now managed within Ulster Bank. ECF provides consumer finance products, particularly card-based revolving credits and fixed-term loans, in Germany and the Benelux countries.

Citizens is engaged in retail and corporate banking activities through its branch network in 13 states in the United States and through non-branch offices in other states.  Citizens was ranked the 9th largest commercial banking organisation in the US based on deposits as at 31 March 2007. Citizens Financial Group includes the seven Citizens Banks, Charter One, RBS National Bank, our US credit card business, RBS Lynk, our US merchant acquiring business, and Kroger Personal Finance, our credit card joint venture with the second largest US supermarket group.

RBS Insurance sells and underwrites retail and SME insurance over the telephone and internet, as well as through brokers and partnerships. Direct Line, Churchill and Privilege sell general insurance products direct to the customer. Through its International Division, RBS Insurance sells general insurance, mainly motor, in Spain, Germany and Italy. The Intermediary and Broker Division sells general insurance products through 2,500 independent brokers.

 
8

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS (continued)


Manufacturing supports the customer-facing businesses and provides operational technology, customer support in telephony, account management, lending and money transmission, global purchasing, property and other services. Manufacturing drives efficiencies and supports income growth across multiple brands and channels by using a single, scalable platform and common processes wherever possible. It also leverages the Group’s purchasing power and has become the centre of excellence for managing large-scale and complex change.

The expenditure incurred by Manufacturing relates to costs principally in respect of the Group's banking and insurance operations in the UK and Ireland.  These costs reflect activities that are shared between the various customer-facing divisions and consequently cannot be directly attributed to individual divisions.  Instead, the Group monitors and controls each of its customer-facing divisions on revenue generation and direct costs whilst in Manufacturing such control is exercised through appropriate efficiency measures and targets.  For financial reporting purposes the Manufacturing costs have been allocated to the relevant customer-facing divisions on a basis management considers to be reasonable.

The Centre comprises group and corporate functions, such as capital raising, finance, risk management, legal, communications and human resources. The Centre manages the Group’s capital requirements and Group-wide regulatory projects and provides services to the operating divisions.

 
9

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

DIVISIONAL PERFORMANCE

The results of each division before amortisation of purchased intangible assets and integration costs and, where appropriate, before allocation of Manufacturing costs ("Contribution") and after allocation of Manufacturing costs ("Operating profit before tax") are detailed below. The Group continues to manage costs where they arise, with customer-facing divisions controlling their direct expenses whilst Manufacturing is responsible for shared costs. The Group does not allocate these shared costs between divisions in the day-to-day management of its businesses, and the way in which divisional results are presented reflects this. The results in section (i) below include an allocation of Manufacturing costs to the relevant customer-facing divisions on a basis the management considers reasonable.

(i)  Operating profit before tax
   
First half
   
First half
       
   
2007
   
2006
   
Increase
 
   
£m
   
£m
   
%
 
                       
Corporate Markets
                     
 - Global Banking & Markets    
2,170
     
1,829
     
19
 
 - UK Corporate Banking    
981
     
878
     
12
 
Total Corporate Markets
   
3,151
     
2,707
     
16
 
Retail Markets
                       
 - Retail    
1,160
     
1,085
     
7
 
 - Wealth Management    
202
     
158
     
28
 
Total Retail Markets
   
1,362
     
1,243
     
10
 
Ulster Bank
   
238
     
198
     
20
 
Citizens
   
752
     
812
      (7 )
RBS Insurance
   
255
     
351
      (27 )
Manufacturing
   
-
     
-
     
-
 
Central items
    (652 )     (708 )    
8
 
Profit before amortisation of purchased intangibles and integration costs
   
5,106
     
4,603
     
11
 
Amortisation of purchased intangible assets
    (43 )     (49 )    
12
 
Integration costs
    (55 )     (43 )     (28 )
Operating profit before tax
   
5,008
     
4,511
     
11
 

 
10


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

DIVISIONAL PERFORMANCE (continued)

(ii)  Contribution
   
First half
   
First half
       
   
2007
   
2006
   
Increase
 
   
£m
   
£m
   
%
 
Corporate Markets
                     
 - Global Banking & Markets    
2,241
     
1,899
     
18
 
 - UK Corporate Banking    
1,195
     
1,088
     
10
 
Total Corporate Markets
   
3,436
     
2,987
     
15
 
Retail Markets
                       
 - Retail    
1,946
     
1,854
     
5
 
 - Wealth Management    
273
     
228
     
20
 
Total Retail Markets
   
2,219
     
2,082
     
7
 
Ulster Bank
   
345
     
303
     
14
 
Citizens
   
752
     
812
      (7 )
RBS Insurance
   
362
     
456
      (21 )
Manufacturing
    (1,428 )     (1,399 )     (2 )
Central items
    (580 )     (638 )    
9
 
Profit before amortisation of purchased intangibles and integration costs
   
5,106
     
4,603
     
11
 
Amortisation of purchased intangible assets
    (43 )     (49 )    
12
 
Integration costs
    (55 )     (43 )     (28 )
Operating profit before tax
   
5,008
     
4,511
     
11
 


(iii)  Risk-weighted assets of each division were as follows:

   
30 June
   
31 December
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
   
£bn
   
£bn
 
             
Corporate Markets
           
 - Global Banking & Markets    
144.0
     
138.1
 
 - UK Corporate Banking    
99.9
     
93.1
 
Total Corporate Markets
   
243.9
     
231.2
 
Retail Markets
               
 - Retail    
69.9
     
70.6
 
 - Wealth Management    
7.0
     
6.4
 
Total Retail Markets
   
76.9
     
77.0
 
Ulster Bank
   
32.3
     
29.7
 
Citizens
   
57.0
     
57.6
 
Other
   
9.6
     
4.8
 
     
419.7
     
400.3
 

 
11

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CORPORATE MARKETS

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
                 
Net interest income
   
1,569
     
1,493
 
Non-interest income
   
4,162
     
3,463
 
Total income
   
5,731
     
4,956
 
Direct expenses
               
 - staff costs    
1,476
     
1,220
 
 - other    
345
     
278
 
 - operating lease depreciation    
354
     
374
 
     
2,175
     
1,872
 
Impairment losses
   
120
     
97
 
Contribution
   
3,436
     
2,987
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
285
     
280
 
Operating profit before tax
   
3,151
     
2,707
 
                 
   
30 June
2007
£bn
   
31 December
2006
£bn
 
                 
Total assets*
   
579.9
     
472.4
 
Loans and advances to customers – gross*
               
 - banking book    
195.7
     
181.1
 
 - trading book    
16.0
     
15.4
 
Rental assets
   
13.6
     
13.9
 
Customer deposits*
   
143.1
     
132.5
 
Risk-weighted assets
   
243.9
     
231.2
 

* excluding reverse repos and repos

Corporate Markets achieved a strong performance in the first half of 2007, with excellent results across our businesses. Total income rose by 16% to £5,731 million. Contribution grew by 15% to £3,436 million and operating profit before tax by 16% to £3,151 million.

Average loans and advances to customers, excluding reverse repos, grew by 14% and average customer deposits (excluding repos) by 17%. The portfolio remains well diversified by counterparty, sector and geography, while our average credit grade continues to improve. Assets grew strongly outside the UK, particularly in Western Europe and Asia. Overall credit conditions remained benign, and annualised impairment losses represented 0.11% of loans and advances to customers.

Average risk-weighted assets rose by 12%, with disciplined capital management. The annualised ratio of operating profit to average risk-weighted assets improved from 2.5% to 2.6%.


12


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CORPORATE MARKETS - GLOBAL BANKING & MARKETS

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Net interest income from banking activities
   
716
     
721
 
Funding costs of rental assets
    (256 )     (246 )
Net interest income
   
460
     
475
 
Net fees and commissions receivable
   
545
     
431
 
Trading activities
   
1,498
     
1,282
 
Income from rental assets
   
604
     
596
 
Other operating income
   
766
     
487
 
Non-interest income
   
3,413
     
2,796
 
Total income
   
3,873
     
3,271
 
Direct expenses
               
 - staff costs    
1,173
     
951
 
 - other    
245
     
195
 
 - operating lease depreciation    
193
     
207
 
     
1,611
     
1,353
 
Impairment losses
   
21
     
19
 
Contribution
   
2,241
     
1,899
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
71
     
70
 
Operating profit before tax
   
2,170
     
1,829
 
                 
   
30 June
2007
£bn
   
31 December
2006
£bn
 
                 
Total assets*
   
484.9
     
383.7
 
Loans and advances to customers – gross*
               
 - banking book    
102.4
     
94.3
 
 - trading book    
16.0
     
15.4
 
Rental assets
   
11.9
     
12.2
 
Customer deposits*
   
59.4
     
54.1
 
Risk-weighted assets
   
144.0
     
138.1
 

* excluding reverse repos and repos

Global Banking & Markets ('GBM') delivered another strong performance in the first half of 2007, achieving excellent growth in income while continuing to expand our strong international franchise. Total income rose by 18% to £3,873 million, with contribution up by 18% to £2,241 million and operating profit before tax by 19% to £2,170 million.

In the first half of 2007 GBM invested in further extending its capabilities as a leading provider of debt financing and risk management solutions covering the origination, structuring and distribution of a wide range of assets.  Our recently announced joint venture with Sempra Energy will enable us to extend the range of energy and commodities products we offer to our corporate and financial institution clients.

GBM has also broadened its worldwide reach. In Europe, income increased by 33% in local currency as a result of good performances in Germany, Spain, France, Italy and the Nordic region.  We have grown the activities of our primary dealerships in government debt in France and Italy and added new dealerships in Austria and the Netherlands.

 
13

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CORPORATE MARKETS - GLOBAL BANKING & MARKETS (continued)


In Asia-Pacific we made marked progress, with income more than doubling in US dollar terms.  We have established a good platform, developing both our product capability and client relationships across the region. In North America GBM continues to diversify its income streams, building its customer base and business across a broad range of activities. It achieved good results in corporate bond origination and in treasury and investor products, but its traditional asset-backed and related businesses experienced reduced origination volumes and unfavourable market conditions. Total income in North America declined by 6%, in local currency.

Net interest income represents 12% of GBM’s total income. At £460 million it fell by 3%, primarily reflecting the effect of the change in the rate of UK Corporation Tax on leases with tax variation clauses. Average loans and advances to customers, excluding reverse repos, increased as we further expanded our customer base outside the UK.

Net fee income rose by 26% to £545 million, reflecting our top tier position in arranging, structuring and distributing large scale financings, with excellent progress in international bond underwritings.

Income from trading activities grew by 17% to £1,498 million, with a particularly strong performance in our European businesses helping to offset lower revenues in US asset-backed and related markets.  Good performances in foreign exchange and interest rate derivatives were supplemented by growth in our broadening product range, including equity derivatives and retail investor products.  Average trading book value at risk remained modest at £16.1 million.

Our rental and other asset-based activities have achieved continuing success in originating, structuring, financing and managing physical assets such as aircraft, trains, ships and real estate for our customers. Income from rental assets, net of related funding costs and operating lease depreciation, increased by 8%.  These businesses also generated value through the ownership and active management of our portfolio of assets.  Good results from these activities, as well as from principal investments arising from our financing activities with corporate customers and financial sponsors, were reflected in other operating income, which increased to £766 million.

We have maintained good cost discipline while continuing to invest in extending our geographical footprint, our infrastructure and our product range. Total expenses grew by 18% to £1,682 million. Variable performance-related compensation increased and now accounts for 45% of total costs.

Portfolio risk remained stable and the corporate credit environment remained benign. Impairment losses of £21 million were in line with the first half of 2006, a period which included significant recoveries.

Average risk-weighted assets grew by 12% and the annualised ratio of operating profit to average risk-weighted assets improved from 2.8% to 3.0%.


14

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CORPORATE MARKETS – UK CORPORATE BANKING

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
   
£m
   
£m
 
                 
Net interest income
   
1,109
     
1,018
 
Non-interest income
   
749
     
667
 
Total income
   
1,858
     
1,685
 
Direct expenses
               
 - staff costs    
303
     
269
 
 - other    
100
     
83
 
 - operating lease depreciation    
161
     
167
 
     
564
     
519
 
Impairment losses
   
99
     
78
 
Contribution
   
1,195
     
1,088
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
214
     
210
 
Operating profit before tax
   
981
     
878
 
                 
   
30 June
2007
£bn
   
31 December
2006
£bn
 
                 
Total assets*
   
95.0
     
88.7
 
Loans and advances to customers – gross*
   
93.3
     
86.8
 
Customer deposits*
   
83.7
     
78.4
 
Risk-weighted assets
   
99.9
     
93.1
 

* excluding reverse repos and repos

UK Corporate Banking has had a strong start to the year across its businesses, building further on our market-leading positions. Total income rose by 10% to £1,858 million and contribution by 10% to £1,195 million. Operating profit before tax rose by 12% to £981 million.

There has been good growth in customer volumes, with average loans and advances up 12% and average deposits up 18%. This led to an increase in net interest income of 9% to £1,109 million. Although the corporate marketplace remains an area of intense competition, the rate of margin decline has eased in the first half of 2007.

Non-interest income rose by 12% to £749 million, as a result of growth in fees and good progress in the distribution of trade and invoice finance as well as of interest rate and foreign exchange products.

Total expenses rose by 7% to £778 million. We have continued to extend “Another Way of Banking”, improving our service quality and product capabilities through the addition of 600 front-line staff. We have made good progress in the rollout of Bankline, our enhanced web-based electronic banking platform, adding advanced payments functionality.

Impairment losses totalled £99 million, which as a percentage of average loans and advances to customers is in line with the full year 2006, reflecting the stable credit quality of the portfolio as well as a benign economic environment.

 
15


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

RETAIL MARKETS

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Net interest income
   
2,339
     
2,243
 
Non-interest income
   
1,965
     
1,900
 
Total income
   
4,304
     
4,143
 
Direct expenses
               
 - staff costs    
828
     
774
 
 - other    
360
     
386
 
     
1,188
     
1,160
 
Insurance net claims
   
285
     
242
 
Impairment losses
   
612
     
659
 
Contribution
   
2,219
     
2,082
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
857
     
839
 
Operating profit before tax
   
1,362
     
1,243
 
                 
   
30 June
2007
£bn
   
31 December
2006
£bn
 
                 
Total banking assets
   
120.4
     
118.4
 
Loans and advances to customers - gross
               
 - mortgages    
70.4
     
69.7
 
 - personal    
20.5
     
20.5
 
 - cards    
7.8
     
8.2
 
 - business    
19.5
     
18.1
 
Customer deposits*
   
122.0
     
115.5
 
Investment management assets - excluding deposits
   
38.2
     
34.9
 
Risk-weighted assets
   
76.9
     
77.0
 
* customer deposits exclude bancassurance.

Retail Markets achieved a good performance in the first half of 2007, with income ahead 4% to £4,304 million, contribution up by 7% to £2,219 million and operating profit before tax up by 10% to £1,362 million.

Retail Markets has continued to focus on savings and investment products and has seen strong growth in these areas, with average customer deposits up 10%. Our Wealth Management businesses have performed strongly, benefiting from the significant investment made in the UK and Asia in recent years.  Lending growth in the personal sector remains subdued as a result of the slowdown in demand for consumer credit.  We have maintained our cautious approach to this sector, reducing lending in a number of segments where we have not viewed returns as commensurate with the risks and acquisition costs involved.

Expenses have been kept under tight control, with continued efficiency gains allowing us to continue to invest and grow the business.  The first half of 2007 marked the turning point in UK unsecured credit, and impairment losses fell by 7%, with the resultant increase in profitability.

Average risk-weighted assets fell by 2%, reflecting a change in business mix towards mortgage lending as well as careful balance sheet management, including increased use of securitisations.


16

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

RETAIL MARKETS - RETAIL

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Net interest income
   
2,067
     
2,006
 
Non-interest income
   
1,740
     
1,701
 
Total income
   
3,807
     
3,707
 
Direct expenses
               
 - staff costs    
670
     
631
 
 - other    
295
     
323
 
     
965
     
954
 
Insurance net claims
   
285
     
242
 
Impairment losses
   
611
     
657
 
Contribution
   
1,946
     
1,854
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
786
     
769
 
Operating profit before tax
   
1,160
     
1,085
 
                 
   
30 June
2007
£bn
   
31 December
2006
£bn
 
                 
Total banking assets
   
107.8
     
107.4
 
Loans and advances to customers – gross
               
 - mortgages    
66.2
     
65.6
 
 - personal    
16.5
     
17.1
 
 - cards    
7.7
     
8.1
 
 - business    
18.2
     
16.9
 
Customer deposits*
   
91.3
     
87.1
 
Risk-weighted assets
   
69.9
     
70.6
 

* customer deposits exclude bancassurance.

Retail has delivered a good performance in the first half of 2007, growing contribution by 5% to £1,946 million, and operating profit before tax by 7% to £1,160 million. This good result reflects 3% growth in income to £3,807 million, strong cost control and reduced impairment losses, while maintaining a cautious approach to unsecured lending.

In consumer banking we have achieved strong growth in savings balances and a significant uplift in sales of cards, bancassurance and loans through our branches. We have again expanded our customer franchise, growing our personal current account base by 2%.  We continue to perform well in the switcher market, reinforcing our leading position in current accounts.  RBS and NatWest are now ranked first and joint second respectively among major high street banks in Great Britain for the percentage of main current account customers that are "extremely satisfied" and “extremely or very satisfied” overall.

In business banking the implementation of a new operating model has produced good results, enabling us to increase our market share. NatWest leads the SME banking market in England and Wales while RBS remains leader in the Scottish market. We have gained ground in the start-up market and have recently launched a new market-leading account to target this segment.
 
 
17

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

RETAIL MARKETS - RETAIL (continued)

Results for our cards and direct finance business reflected our strategy of focusing unsecured personal lending on lower risk segments, as well as the market-wide decline in credit card borrowing.  Income was 5% lower as a result of declining card and direct loan balances and the impact of the Office of Fair Trading’s ruling on credit card fees.  Effective cost control and reducing credit losses contributed to a 4% increase in operating profit.

Net interest income increased by 3% to £2,067 million, with faster growth in deposits helping to mitigate lower unsecured lending volumes and declining card balances.  Average customer deposit balances were 8% higher, driven by very strong growth in personal savings balances, up 12%, and accelerating growth in business deposits, up 10%. Net interest margin was stable.

Average loans and advances to customers increased by 4%, with average mortgage lending up 7% and average business loans up 8%.  Mortgage activity focused on the more profitable branch channels, where gross lending was 13% higher, whilst we have continued to take a selective approach to the intermediary channel, where our gross lending was 10% lower than in the first half of 2006.  We have further reduced our presence in the direct loans market, whilst focusing on quality business with existing customers, resulting in continued growth in lending through the branch channel.  Average credit card balances fell by 10% as customers repaid debt, but we have achieved excellent growth in the recruitment of new card accounts through our branches.

Non-interest income was £1,740 million, 2% ahead of the first half of 2006, with strong income growth in investment and private banking businesses offset by lower credit card late payment fees and lower fee income as a result of reduced direct lending volumes.

Bancassurance continued its excellent progress with sales increasing by 24% to £171 million annual premium equivalent. The continuing increase in our sales force has resulted in an increase in market share to more than 10%.

Despite investments for future growth, total expenses rose by just 2% to £1,751 million, whilst direct expenses were up just 1% to £965 million. Excluding redundancy costs associated with the division’s reorganisation, direct costs were 2% lower. These redundancy costs resulted in a 5% reduction in headcount and made up most of a 6% increase in staff costs to £670 million. We sustained investment in customer-facing staff in branches and in our bancassurance and investment businesses.  Other costs were reduced by 9% to £295 million.

Impairment losses decreased by 7% to £611 million, reflecting the improvement in arrears trends on both credit cards and unsecured personal loans.  Mortgage arrears remain very low – the average loan-to-value ratio of Retail’s mortgages was 47% overall and 64% on new mortgages written in the first half of 2007.  Small business credit quality remains good.
 

18


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

RETAIL MARKETS - WEALTH MANAGEMENT

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Net interest income
   
272
     
237
 
Non-interest income
   
225
     
199
 
Total income
   
497
     
436
 
Direct expenses
               
 - staff costs    
158
     
143
 
 - other    
65
     
63
 
     
223
     
206
 
Impairment losses
   
1
     
2
 
Contribution
   
273
     
228
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
71
     
70
 
Operating profit before tax
   
202
     
158
 
                 
   
30 June
2007
£bn
   
31 December
2006
£bn
 
                 
Loans and advances to customers – gross
   
9.6
     
8.8
 
Investment management assets – excluding deposits
   
31.2
     
28.2
 
Customer deposits
   
30.7
     
28.4
 
Risk-weighted assets
   
7.0
     
6.4
 

Wealth Management delivered strong growth, with total income rising by 14% to £497 million. Contribution grew by 20% to £273 million and operating profit before tax by 28% to £202 million.

Wealth Management’s offering of private banking and investment services continued to deliver robust organic income growth in the first half of 2007.  We have continued Coutts UK’s regional expansion programme, and this has helped us to grow customer numbers in the UK by 7%.  Outside the UK, Coutts International has maintained its momentum in the Asia-Pacific region, where we have succeeded in growing customer numbers by 20% and income by 46% in US dollar terms.

Growth in banking volumes contributed to a 15% rise in net interest income to £272 million.  Average loans and advances to customers rose by 12% and average deposits by 15%.

Non-interest income grew by 13% to £225 million, reflecting higher investment management fees and new product sales, as well as continued growth in underlying new business volumes, particularly in the UK and Asia. Assets under management rose to £31.2 billion at 30 June 2007, up 20% from a year earlier.

Total expenses rose by 7% to £294 million, reflecting our continued investment in the UK along with further recruitment of private bankers, particularly in Asia. Total headcount increased by 10%.


19

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

ULSTER BANK
   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Net interest income
   
442
     
397
 
Non-interest income
   
171
     
146
 
Total income
   
613
     
543
 
Direct expenses
               
 - staff costs    
137
     
121
 
 - other    
78
     
62
 
     
215
     
183
 
Impairment losses
   
53
     
57
 
Contribution
   
345
     
303
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
107
     
105
 
Operating profit before tax
   
238
     
198
 
                 
Average exchange rate - €/£
   
1.482
     
1.456
 
                 
   
30 June
2007
£bn
   
31 December
2006
£bn
 
                 
Total assets
   
49.4
     
44.5
 
Loans and advances to customers - gross
               
 - mortgages    
16.2
     
15.0
 
 - corporate    
21.7
     
19.6
 
 - other    
3.2
     
3.6
 
Customer deposits
   
20.1
     
18.1
 
Risk-weighted assets
   
32.3
     
29.7
 
                 
Spot exchange rate - €/£
   
1.485
     
1.490
 

Ulster Bank continued to perform strongly in both personal and corporate banking across the island of Ireland, with total income rising by 13% to £613 million.  Contribution increased by 14% to £345 million and operating profit before tax by 20% to £238 million. We achieved a particularly strong performance in commercial banking and have made good progress in Capital Markets, working closely with Global Banking & Markets. We launched a new Wealth business in May to serve Ireland’s growing population of high net worth individuals, and this is already proving successful, with strong take-up of new product offerings.

Net interest income increased by 11% to £442 million, reflecting growth in both lending and deposit gathering. Average loans and advances to customers increased by 27%, with particularly strong balance growth in business lending, up 37% across a wide range of sectors. We have seen healthy growth in the mortgage book, although the pace of market growth has moderated. Average customer deposits rose by 16%, while our switcher campaign has been successful in winning 47,000 new current account customers in the first half of 2007. Net interest margin tightened in line with previous trends in lending margins.

Non-interest income rose by 17% to £171 million, driven by the success of our Capital Markets and Wealth activities.

Total expenses increased by 12% to £322 million, as we continued our investment programme to support the future growth of the business. We continued to expand our branch and business centre footprint and recruited additional customer-facing staff, particularly in our Corporate Markets division.

The credit environment remains benign, despite recent rises in interest rates, and impairment losses fell by £4 million to £53 million.
 
 
20

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CITIZENS

   
First half
   
First half
   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
     
$m
     
$m
 
                                 
Net interest income
   
980
     
1,075
     
1,931
     
1,924
 
Non-interest income
   
585
     
611
     
1,153
     
1,094
 
Total income
   
1,565
     
1,686
     
3,084
     
3,018
 
Direct expenses
                               
 - staff costs    
378
     
424
     
746
     
759
 
 - Other    
352
     
379
     
693
     
677
 
     
730
     
803
     
1,439
     
1,436
 
 
                               
Impairment losses
   
83
     
71
     
163
     
128
 
Operating profit before tax
   
752
     
812
     
1,482
     
1,454
 
                                 
Average exchange rate - US$/£
   
 
     
 
     
1.970
     
1.790
 
                                 
   
30 June
2007
£bn
   
31 December
2006
£bn
   
30 June
2007
$bn
   
31 December
2006
$bn
 
                                 
Total assets
   
79.9
     
82.6
     
160.3
     
162.2
 
Loans and advances to customers – gross
                               
 - mortgages    
9.2
     
9.5
     
18.5
     
18.6
 
 - home equity    
18.0
     
17.6
     
36.2
     
34.5
 
 - other consumer    
11.3
     
11.7
     
22.7
     
23.2
 
 - corporate and commercial    
17.2
     
16.7
     
34.6
     
32.7
 
Customer deposits
   
52.9
     
54.3
     
106.1
     
106.8
 
Customer deposits (excluding wholesale funding)
   
51.9
     
52.7
     
104.0
     
103.6
 
Risk-weighted assets
   
57.0
     
57.6
     
114.4
     
113.1
 
                                 
Spot exchange rate - US$/£
                   
2.006
     
1.965
 

The franchise, particularly corporate and commercial banking, made good progress in the first half of 2007 as the headwinds showed signs of abating. In sterling terms, total income decreased by 7% to £1,565 million and operating profit also fell by 7% to £752 million mainly as a result of adverse movements in exchange rates. In dollar terms, stable margins and growth in fees lifted income by 2% to $3,084 million which, coupled with tight cost control and strong credit quality, resulted in operating profit before tax growth of 2% to $1,482 million.

Net interest income was £980 million ($1,931 million).  Average loans and advances to customers increased by 4%, with strong growth in corporate and commercial lending offsetting weaker demand for mortgage and auto loans. Average corporate and commercial loans excluding finance leases increased by 12%, reflecting Citizens’ success in adding new mid-corporate customers and increasing its total number of business customers by 3% to 473,000, with particularly good growth in the Midwest.

Average customer deposits increased by 1%. There has been further migration from low-cost checking accounts and liquid savings to higher-cost term and time deposits. Notwithstanding this migration, Citizens stabilised its net interest margin at 2.75% in the first half of 2007, the same level recorded in the first half of 2006 but six basis points higher than in the second half of 2006.

 
21


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CITIZENS (continued)

Non-interest income fell by 4% to £585 million. In dollar terms, non-interest income rose by 5% to $1,153 million.  Business and corporate fees rose strongly, with good results especially in leasing, interest rate derivatives and cash management where enhanced cooperation with Corporate Markets has resulted in increased activity.  Good progress was also made in credit card issuing, where we increased our customer base by 21%, and in merchant acquiring, where RBS Lynk achieved significant growth, processing 30% more transactions than in 2006 and expanding its merchant base by 8%.

Tight cost control and a 4% reduction in headcount kept total expenses flat, despite continued investment in growth opportunities including mid-corporate banking, contactless debit cards and merchant acquiring. Citizens has also continued to develop its branch network. Our partnership with Stop & Shop Supermarkets has helped us to expand our supermarket banking franchise into downstate New York, while in February we completed the acquisition of GreatBanc, Inc., strengthening our position in the Chicago market and making us the 5th largest bank in the Chicago area, based on deposits.

The increasing proportion of commercial lending in our portfolio has contributed to an increase in impairment losses to £83 million ($163 million). This reflects the growth in the portfolio over the recent past and still represents just 0.29% of loans and advances to customers, on an annualised basis, illustrating the quality of our portfolio. Risk elements in lending and problem loans represent 0.35% of loans and advances, up slightly from 0.32% in 2006. Citizens is not active in sub-prime lending, and consumer lending is to prime customers, with average FICO scores on our portfolios, including home equity lines of credit, in excess of 700 with 96% of lending secured.


22

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

RBS INSURANCE

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Earned premiums
   
2,815
     
2,834
 
Reinsurers' share
    (110 )     (105 )
Insurance premium income
   
2,705
     
2,729
 
Net fees and commissions
    (201 )     (248 )
Other income
   
339
     
280
 
Total income
   
2,843
     
2,761
 
Direct expenses
               
-     staff costs
   
147
     
155
 
-     other
   
204
     
188
 
     
351
     
343
 
Gross claims
   
2,164
     
1,995
 
Reinsurers' share
    (34 )     (33 )
Net claims
   
2,130
     
1,962
 
Contribution
   
362
     
456
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
107
     
105
 
Operating profit before tax
    255 *    
351
 
                 
* The impact of the June 2007 floods was to reduce operating profit by £125 million.
 
                 
In-force policies (thousands)
               
-     Own-brand motor
   
6,829
     
6,724
 
-     Own-brand non-motor (home, rescue, pet, HR24)
   
3,493
     
3,500
 
-     Partnerships & broker (motor, home, rescue, SMEs, pet, HR24)
   
9,852
     
11,501
 
                 
General insurance reserves – total (£m)
   
8,223
     
7,942
 

RBS Insurance has made good progress in the first half of 2007. Total income increased by 3% to £2,843 million, driven by good growth in our own-brand businesses partially offset by a decline in partnerships.  Results in the first half were held back by the £125 million impact of June’s floods, and operating profit before tax by fell 27% to £255 million.  Excluding the June impact, operating profit before tax grew by 8%.

Our own-brand businesses have performed well, with income rising by 7%.  Operating profit declined by 13%, but excluding the June impact grew by 10%. In the UK motor market we have pursued a strategy of increasing premium rates to offset claims inflation, and have improved profitability by implementing heavier increases in higher risk categories. Total in-force motor policies were up slightly at 6.8 million. In own-brand non-motor insurance we have achieved good sales through the RBS and NatWest branch channel which has allowed in-force policies to be maintained at 2006 levels of around 3.5 million. Our international businesses also showed strong growth in the first half, with particularly good performances in Spain and Italy. The number of in-force motor policies in Europe rose by 11%.

In our partnership and broker business, providing underwriting and processing services to third parties, we have not renewed a number of large rescue contracts, and in-force policies have reduced by 14% to just under 10 million. Partnerships and broker income, however, has fallen by only 1%.  Excluding the June impact, operating profit from partnerships and brokers increased by 4%.
 
23


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

RBS INSURANCE (continued)

For RBS Insurance as a whole, insurance premium income, net of fees and commissions, was 1% higher at £2,504 million, reflecting 3% growth in our own brands offset by a 1% decline in partnerships. Other income rose by 21% to £339 million, reflecting increased investment income.

Total expenses rose by 2% to £458 million. Within this, staff costs reduced by 5%, reflecting our continued focus on improving efficiency whilst maintaining service standards.  A 9% rise in non-staff costs reflects increased marketing investment in our own motor brands.

Net claims rose by 9% to £2,130 million. Gross claims relating to the severe weather in June are estimated to have cost more than £150 million, with a net impact after allowing for profit sharing and reinsurance of £125 million.  Excluding the June impact, net claims costs rose by just 1%. In the motor book, while average claims costs have continued to rise, this has been mitigated by continuing efficiencies and improvements in risk selection and management.

The UK combined operating ratio for the first half of 2007, including Manufacturing costs, increased to 101.3%, reflecting a higher loss ratio and the discontinuation of some partnerships. Excluding the effect of June’s severe weather, the UK combined operating ratio was 95.8%.
 
24


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

MANUFACTURING

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Staff costs
   
370
     
370
 
Other costs
   
1,058
     
1,029
 
Total Manufacturing costs
   
1,428
     
1,399
 
Allocated to divisions
    (1,428 )     (1,399 )
     
-
     
-
 
                 
Analysis of Manufacturing costs:
               
Group Technology
   
472
     
470
 
Group Property
   
464
     
448
 
Customer Support and other operations
   
492
     
481
 
Total Manufacturing costs
   
1,428
     
1,399
 
                 

Manufacturing costs increased by 2% to £1,428 million, as improvements in productivity enabled us to support growth in business volumes and to maintain high levels of customer satisfaction while continuing to invest in the further development of our business.  Staff costs were flat, as salary inflation was offset by reduced headcount in Operations, resulting from process efficiencies.  Other costs increased by 3%, reflecting property investment and continued growth in the volumes of transactions handled.

Group Technology costs were broadly flat at £472 million, as we achieved significant improvements in productivity balanced by investment in software development.

Group Property costs increased by 4% to £464 million, reflecting the continuation of our branch improvement programme and ongoing investment in our property portfolio, including our city centre portfolio in the UK and new offices to support the strong growth of our business in Singapore and Paris.

Customer Support and other operations costs increased by only 2% to £492 million and, like Group Technology, achieved significant improvements in productivity.  This enabled us to absorb significant increases in service volumes, such as a 6% increase in transactions at our ATMs. At the same time we maintained our focus on service quality, and our UK-based telephony centres continued to record market-leading customer satisfaction scores. Our investment in 'lean manufacturing' approaches across our operational centres is expected to deliver further improvements in efficiency.

 
25


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CENTRAL ITEMS

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Funding and corporate costs
   
370
     
424
 
Departmental and other costs
   
210
     
214
 
     
580
     
638
 
Allocation of Manufacturing costs
   
72
     
70
 
Total central items
   
652
     
708
 

Funding and corporate costs were down £54 million reflecting lower pension costs, volatility attributable to derivatives that do not meet the hedge accounting criteria, the effect of exchange rate movements on interest on dollar denominated funding instruments and the benefit from new issues of equity preference shares replacing preference shares classified as debt. These were offset by goodwill payments amounting to £81 million in respect of current account administration fees.

Departmental and other costs were flat.







26


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET


   
First half 2007
   
First half 2006
 
   
Average
               
Average
             
   
balance
   
Interest
   
Rate
   
balance
   
Interest
   
Rate
 
     
£m
     
£m
   
%
     
£m
     
£m
   
%
 
Assets
                                           
Treasury and other eligible bills
   
687
     
16
     
4.66
     
2,644
     
56
     
4.24
 
Loans and advances to banks
   
23,720
     
612
     
5.16
     
24,917
     
461
     
3.70
 
Loans and advances to customers
   
382,155
     
12,148
     
6.36
     
350,852
     
10,603
     
6.04
 
Debt securities
   
22,273
     
682
     
6.12
     
34,250
     
785
     
4.58
 
Interest-earning assets - banking business
   
428,835
     
13,458
     
6.28
     
412,663
     
11,905
     
5.77
 
Trading business
   
261,200
                     
190,356
                 
Non-interest-earning assets
   
251,997
                     
205,046
                 
Total assets
   
942,032
                     
808,065
                 
Liabilities
                                               
Deposits by banks
   
59,010
     
1,329
     
4.50
     
66,234
     
1,242
     
3.75
 
Customer accounts
   
275,941
     
5,461
     
3.96
     
249,928
     
4,184
     
3.35
 
Debt securities in issue
   
72,248
     
1,798
     
4.98
     
69,860
     
1,551
     
4.44
 
Subordinated liabilities
   
25,881
     
725
     
5.60
     
26,104
     
651
     
4.99
 
Internal funding of trading business
    (52,857 )     (1,238 )    
4.68
      (47,355 )     (917 )    
3.87
 
Interest-bearing liabilities - banking business
   
380,223
     
8,075
     
4.25
     
364,771
     
6,711
     
3.68
 
Trading business
   
263,086
                     
191,913
                 
Non-interest-bearing liabilities
                                               
-    demand deposits
   
30,145
                     
29,370
                 
-    other liabilities
   
227,901
                     
186,056
                 
Shareholders’ equity
   
40,677
                     
35,955
                 
Total liabilities
   
942,032
                     
808,065
                 

Notes:


1.
Interest receivable and interest payable on trading assets and liabilities are included in income from trading activities.
2.
Interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities include the Retail bancassurance assets and liabilities attributable to shareholders.
3.
Interest income and interest expense do not include interest on financial assets and liabilities designated as at fair value through profit or loss.  Interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities do not include the related balances.

 
27


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

AVERAGE INTEREST RATES, YIELDS, SPREADS AND MARGINS

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Average rate
 
%
   
%
 
             
The Group's base rate
   
5.31
     
4.50
 
                 
London inter-bank three month offered rates:
               
-     Sterling
   
5.65
     
4.64
 
-     Eurodollar
   
5.36
     
4.99
 
-     Euro
   
3.94
     
2.75
 
                 
                 
   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Yields, spreads and margins of the banking business:
 
%
   
%
 
                 
Gross yield on interest-earning assets of banking business
   
6.28
     
5.77
 
Cost of interest-bearing liabilities of banking business
    (4.25 )     (3.68 )
Interest spread of banking business
   
2.03
     
2.09
 
Benefit from interest-free funds
   
0.48
     
0.43
 
Net interest margin of banking business
   
2.51
     
2.52
 



28


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT
FOR THE HALF YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2007 (unaudited)


   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Interest receivable
   
13,458
     
11,905
 
Interest payable
   
8,075
     
6,711
 
Net interest income
   
5,383
     
5,194
 
Fees and commissions receivable
   
3,588
     
3,543
 
Fees and commissions payable
    (916 )     (985 )
Income from trading activities
   
1,875
     
1,453
 
Other operating income (excluding insurance premium income)
   
1,712
     
1,457
 
Insurance premium income
   
3,193
     
3,112
 
Reinsurers’ share
    (145 )     (132 )
Non-interest income
   
9,307
     
8,448
 
Total income
   
14,690
     
13,642
 
Staff costs
   
3,494
     
3,233
 
Premises and equipment
   
748
     
668
 
Other administrative expenses
   
1,319
     
1,286
 
Depreciation and amortisation
   
835
     
853
 
Operating expenses
   
6,396
     
6,040
 
Profit before other operating charges and impairment losses
   
8,294
     
7,602
 
Insurance claims
   
2,468
     
2,244
 
Reinsurers’ share
    (53 )     (40 )
Impairment losses
   
871
     
887
 
Operating profit before tax
   
5,008
     
4,511
 
Tax
   
1,272
     
1,387
 
Profit for the period
   
3,736
     
3,124
 
Minority interests
   
75
     
55
 
Preference dividends
   
106
     
91
 
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
   
3,555
     
2,978
 
                 
Basic earnings per ordinary share (Note 5)
   
37.6p
     
31.0p
 
                 
Diluted earnings per ordinary share (Note 5)
   
37.3p
     
30.8p
 
                 
 
29


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
AT 30 JUNE 2007 (unaudited)


   
30 June
   
31 December
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
Assets
               
Cash and balances at central banks
   
4,080
     
6,121
 
Treasury and other eligible bills
   
8,014
     
5,491
 
Loans and advances to banks
   
92,037
     
82,606
 
Loans and advances to customers
   
503,197
     
466,893
 
Debt securities
   
142,324
     
127,251
 
Equity shares
   
13,193
     
13,504
 
Settlement balances
   
21,372
     
7,425
 
Derivatives
   
183,313
     
116,681
 
Intangible assets
   
18,868
     
18,904
 
Property, plant and equipment
   
18,185
     
18,420
 
Prepayments, accrued income and other assets
   
6,683
     
8,136
 
Total assets
   
1,011,266
     
871,432
 
                 
Liabilities
               
Deposits by banks
   
139,415
     
132,143
 
Customer accounts
   
419,317
     
384,222
 
Debt securities in issue
   
95,519
     
85,963
 
Settlement balances and short positions
   
71,969
     
49,476
 
Derivatives
   
183,461
     
118,112
 
Accruals, deferred income and other liabilities
   
15,711
     
15,660
 
Retirement benefit liabilities
   
1,987
     
1,992
 
Deferred taxation
   
2,721
     
3,264
 
Insurance liabilities
   
7,629
     
7,456
 
Subordinated liabilities
   
27,079
     
27,654
 
Total liabilities
   
964,808
     
825,942
 
Equity:
               
Minority interests
   
4,914
     
5,263
 
Shareholders’ equity
               
   Called up share capital
   
2,391
     
815
 
   Reserves
   
39,153
     
39,412
 
Total equity
   
46,458
     
45,490
 
Total liabilities and equity
   
1,011,266
     
871,432
 
                 


30


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF RECOGNISED INCOME AND EXPENSE
FOR THE HALF YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2007 (unaudited)


   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Net movements in reserves:
               
   Available-for-sale
    (825 )    
3,106
 
   Cash flow hedges
    (125 )    
145
 
   Currency translation
    (199 )     (869 )
                 
Tax on items recognised direct in equity
   
180
      (454 )
Net (expense)/income recognised direct in equity
    (969 )    
1,928
 
Profit for the period
   
3,736
     
3,124
 
Total recognised income and expense for the period
   
2,767
     
5,052
 
                 
Attributable to:
               
Equity shareholders
   
3,020
     
3,462
 
Minority interests
    (253 )    
1,590
 
     
2,767
     
5,052
 

 
 
 
 
 

 
31

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT
FOR THE HALF YEAR ENDED 30 JUNE 2007 (unaudited)


   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
Operating activities
               
Operating profit before tax
   
5,008
     
4,511
 
                 
Adjustments for:
               
Depreciation and amortisation
   
835
     
853
 
Interest on subordinated liabilities
   
725
     
651
 
Charge for defined benefit pension schemes
   
234
     
267
 
Cash contribution to defined benefit pension schemes
    (239 )     (257 )
Elimination of foreign exchange differences and
               
   other non-cash items
    (2,474 )    
1,188
 
Net cash inflow from trading activities
   
4,089
     
7,213
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
   
3,627
      (1,893 )
Net cash flows from operating activities before tax
   
7,716
     
5,320
 
Income taxes paid
    (1,022 )     (943 )
Net cash flows from operating activities
   
6,694
     
4,377
 
                 
Investing activities
               
Sale and maturity of securities
   
9,410
     
14,729
 
Purchase of securities
    (8,210 )     (11,911 )
Sale of property, plant and equipment
   
2,009
     
808
 
Purchase of property, plant and equipment
    (2,086 )     (1,936 )
Net investment in business interests and intangible assets
    (278 )     (108 )
Net cash flows from investing activities
   
845
     
1,582
 
Financing activities
               
Issue of ordinary shares
   
-
     
98
 
Issue of equity preference shares
   
460
     
350
 
Issue of subordinated liabilities
   
1,009
     
1,990
 
Proceeds of minority interests issued
   
-
     
528
 
Redemption of minority interests
    (33 )    
-
 
Repurchase of ordinary shares
   
-
      (201 )
Shares purchased by employee trusts
    (50 )    
-
 
Shares issued under employee share schemes
   
52
     
-
 
Repayment of subordinated liabilities
    (877 )     (962 )
Dividends paid
    (2,252 )     (1,831 )
Interest paid on subordinated liabilities
    (684 )     (678 )
Net cash flows from financing activities
    (2,375 )     (706 )
                 
Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
    (356 )     (1,354 )
                 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
   
4,808
     
3,899
 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
   
71,651
     
52,549
 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
   
76,459
     
56,448
 

32


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (unaudited)

1.
Basis of preparation
 
There have been no changes to the Group’s principal accounting policies as set out on pages 92 to 98 of the 2006 Annual Report on Form 20-F (the "2006 Form 20-F”). These accounting policies have been consistently applied in the preparation of these interim consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all normal and recurring adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Group’s interim consolidated financial statements have been made.
 
These condensed interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2006 included in the 2006 Form 20-F. The balance sheet as at 31 December 2006 has been extracted from the audited financial statements included in the 2006 Form 20-F.
   
2.
Recent accounting developments
   
 
The Group is considering the implications of the following International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (‘IFRIC’) interpretations issued during 2007:
   
 
·          IFRIC 13 ‘Customer Loyalty Programmes’ was issued in June 2007. The interpretation requires revenue to be allocated to loyalty award credits as part of a sales transaction. Revenue is recognised when the credits are redeemed or when the obligation for redemption is passed to a third party. The interpretation is effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 July 2008.
   
 
·          IFRIC 14 ‘IAS 19 – the Limit on a Defined Benefit Asset, Minimum Funding Requirements and their Interaction’ was issued in July 2007.  IFRIC 14 clarifies the circumstances in which refunds and contribution reductions for a defined benefit plan are available to an entity for the purpose of recognising a net benefit asset. It also covers the effect of a minimum funding requirement (’MFR’) on the asset and when an MFR may result in an additional liability. The interpretation is effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2008.
 
 
The Group is reviewing the above interpretations to determine their effect on its financial reporting.
   
3.
Loan impairment provisions
 
Operating profit is stated after charging loan impairment losses of £851 million (2006 - £889 million).  The balance sheet loan impairment provisions increased in the half year ended 30 June 2007 from £3,935 million to £4,062 million, and the movements thereon were:

     
First half
   
First half
 
     
2007
   
2006
 
       
£m
     
£m
 
                   
 
At 1 January
   
3,935
     
3,887
 
 
Currency translation and other adjustments
    (6 )     (34 )
 
Acquisitions
   
7
     
-
 
 
Amounts written-off
    (768 )     (737 )
 
Recoveries of amounts previously written-off
   
126
     
96
 
 
Charge to the income statement
   
851
     
889
 
 
Unwind of discount
    (83 )     (63 )
 
At 30 June
   
4,062
     
4,038
 
                   
  The provision at 30 June 2007 includes £2 million (31 December 2006 - £2 million; 30 June 2006 - £3 million) in respect of loans and advances to banks.
 
 
33


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

4.
Taxation

The charge for taxation represents 25.4% (first half 2006 - 30.7%) of Operating profit before tax.  It differs from the tax charge computed by applying the standard UK corporation tax rate of 30% as follows: 
   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
                 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Operating profit before tax
   
5,008
     
4,511
 
                 
Expected tax charge at 30%
   
1,502
     
1,353
 
Non-deductible items
   
67
     
113
 
Non-taxable items
    (79 )     (44 )
Foreign profits taxed at other rates
   
25
     
33
 
Reduction in deferred tax liability following change
               
    in the rate of UK Corporation Tax
    (157 )    
-
 
Other
    (5 )    
2
 
Adjustments in respect of prior periods
    (81 )     (70 )
Actual tax charge
   
1,272
     
1,387
 
                 
Overseas tax included above    
547
     
615
 
 
34


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

5.
Earnings per share   
 
Earnings per share have been calculated based on the following:

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
Earnings
               
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders
   
3,555
     
2,978
 
Add back finance cost on dilutive convertible securities
   
31
     
33
 
Diluted earnings attributable to ordinary shareholders
   
3,586
     
3,011
 
                 
   
Number of shares – millions
 
Weighted average number of ordinary shares*
               
In issue during the period
   
9,443
     
9,591
 
Effect of dilutive share options and convertible securities
   
162
     
174
 
Diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue during the period
   
9,605
     
9,765
 
                 
Basic earnings per share*
   
37.6p
     
31.0p
 
                 
Diluted earnings per share*
   
37.3p
     
30.8p
 
                 
*first half 2006 data have been restated to reflect the two for one bonus issue of ordinary shares in May 2007.
 

6.
Intangible assets

   
Goodwill
   
Core
deposit
intangibles
   
Other
purchased
intangibles
   
Internally
generated
software
   
Total
 
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
 
Cost:
                                       
At 1 January 2007
   
17,889
     
265
     
275
     
2,642
     
21,071
 
Currency translation and other adjustments
    (135 )     (5 )     (2 )    
1
      (141 )
Acquisition of subsidiaries      68       12       -       -       80  
Additions
   
-
     
-
     
4
     
245
     
249
 
Disposals and write-off of fully amortised assets
   
-
     
-
     
-
      (70 )     (70 )
At 30 June 2007
   
17,822
     
272
     
277
     
2,818
     
21,189
 
                                         
                                         
Accumulated amortisation and impairment:
                                       
At 1 January 2007
   
-
     
127
     
97
     
1,943
     
2,167
 
Currency translation and other adjustments
   
-
      (3 )     (4 )    
1
      (6 )
Disposals and write-off of fully amortised assets
   
-
     
-
     
-
      (37 )     (37 )
Charge for the period
   
-
     
25
     
17
     
155
     
197
 
At 30 June 2007
   
-
     
149
     
110
     
2,062
     
2,321
 
                                         
Net book value at 30 June 2007
   
17,822
     
123
     
167
     
756
     
18,868
 
 
35


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

6.
Intangible assets (continued)
   
 
The weighted average amortisation period of purchased intangible assets other than goodwill, subject to amortisation, are:

Core deposit intangibles
6 years
Other purchased intangibles
7 years
   
The amortisation expense in respect of core deposit intangibles and other purchased intangibles for each of the next five years is currently estimated to be:
 
 £m
   
2007 - remaining period
42
2008
85
2009
76
2010
29
2011
28

7.
Segmental analysis
   
 
The results of each division before amortisation of purchased intangible assets and integration costs and, where appropriate, before allocation of Manufacturing costs ("Contribution") and after allocation of Manufacturing costs ("Operating profit before tax") are detailed on page 37. The Group continues to manage costs where they arise, with customer-facing divisions controlling their direct expenses whilst Manufacturing is responsible for shared costs. The Group does not allocate these shared costs between divisions in the day-to-day management of its businesses, and the way in which divisional results are presented reflects this. The results under the header "Operating profit before tax" include an allocation of Manufacturing costs to the relevant customer-facing divisions on a basis the management considers reasonable.
        
 
The revenues for each division in the table below are gross of intra-group transactions.

             
   
First half 2007
   
First half 2006
 
                                     
         
Inter
               
Inter
       
   
External
   
Segment
   
Total
   
External
   
Segment
   
Total
 
Total revenue
   
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
 
Global Banking & Markets
   
6,668
     
4,301
     
10,969
     
5,465
     
3,125
     
8,590
 
UK Corporate Banking
   
3,455
     
15
     
3,470
     
2,771
     
13
     
2,784
 
Retail
   
5,913
     
850
     
6,763
     
5,493
     
724
     
6,217
 
Wealth Management
   
458
     
1,022
     
1,480
     
533
     
694
     
1,227
 
Ulster Bank
   
1,277
     
43
     
1,320
     
1,160
     
67
     
1,227
 
Citizens
   
2,824
     
-
     
2,824
     
2,896
     
1
     
2,897
 
RBS Insurance
   
3,150
     
45
     
3,195
     
3,126
     
24
     
3,150
 
Manufacturing
   
26
     
-
     
26
     
15
      (8 )    
7
 
Central items
   
55
     
4,611
     
4,666
     
11
     
3,460
     
3,471
 
Elimination of intra-group transactions
   
-
      (10,887 )     (10,887 )    
-
      (8,100 )     (8,100 )
     
23,826
     
-
     
23,826
     
21,470
     
-
     
21,470
 
 
36

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)


7.
Segmental analysis (continued)   

             
   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Operating profit before tax
   
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Global Banking & Markets
   
2,170
     
1,829
 
UK Corporate Banking
   
981
     
878
 
Retail
   
1,160
     
1,085
 
Wealth Management
   
202
     
158
 
Ulster Bank
   
238
     
198
 
Citizens
   
752
     
812
 
RBS Insurance
   
255
     
351
 
Manufacturing
   
-
     
-
 
Central items
    (652 )     (708 )
     
5,106
     
4,603
 
Amortisation of purchased intangible assets
    (43 )     (49 )
Integration costs
    (55 )     (43 )
Operating profit before tax    
5,008
     
4,511
 

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
Contribution
   
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Global Banking & Markets
   
2,241
     
1,899
 
UK Corporate Banking
   
1,195
     
1,008
 
Retail
   
1,946
     
1,854
 
Wealth Management
   
273
     
228
 
Ulster Bank
   
345
     
303
 
Citizens
   
752
     
812
 
RBS Insurance
   
362
     
456
 
Manufacturing
    (1,428 )     (1,399 )
Central items
    (580 )     (638 )
     
5,106
     
4,603
 
Amortisation of purchased intangible assets
    (43 )     (49 )
Integration costs
    (55 )     (43 )
Operating profit before tax    
5,008
     
4,511
 


37


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)


7.
Segmental analysis (continued)     

 
Goodwill

   
Global
Banking &
Markets
   
UK
Corporate
Banking
   
Retail
   
 Wealth Management
   
Ulster
Bank
   
Citizens
   
RBS
Insurance
   
Central
Items
   
Total
 
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
 
                                                                         
At 1 January 2007
   
35
     
55
     
255
     
127
     
405
     
6,533
     
1,064
     
9,415
     
17,889
 
Transfer of business    
-
     
-
      (50    
-
      50      
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
 
Currency translation
and other adjustments
   
-
     
-
      -      
(4)
     
1
      (132 )    
-
     
-
      (135 )
Additions
   
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
-
     
68
     
-
     
-
     
68
 
At 30 June 2007
   
35
     
55
     
205
     
123
     
456
     
6,469
     
1,064
     
9,415
     
17,822
 
   
 
8.
Dividend*
 
During the period a dividend of 22.1p per ordinary share (2006 – 17.7p) in respect of the final dividend for 2006 was paid to ordinary shareholders, making 30.2p per ordinary share for the year as a whole. In line with our policy the directors have declared an interim dividend for 2007 representing one third of 2006’s total dividend. The interim dividend of 10.1p per ordinary share, declared on 2 August 2007, will be paid on 5 October 2007 to shareholders registered on 17 August 2007.
   
 
*prior period data have been restated to reflect the two for one bonus issue of ordinary shares in May 2007.
   

9.
Analysis of repurchase agreements   

   
30 June
   
31 December
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
Reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing
               
Loans and advances to banks
   
64,697
     
54,152
 
Loans and advances to customers
   
79,469
     
62,908
 
                 
Repurchase agreements and stock lending
               
Deposits by banks
   
81,335
     
76,376
 
Customer accounts
   
81,703
     
63,984
 
 
 
38

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)


10.
Litigation
 
Proceedings, including  consolidated class actions on behalf of former Enron securities holders, have been brought in the United States against a large number of defendants, including the Group, following the collapse of Enron. The claims against the Group could be significant; the class plaintiff’s position is that each defendant is responsible for an entire aggregate damage amount less settlements – they have not quantified claimed damages against the Group in particular.  The Group considers that it has substantial and credible legal and factual defences to these claims and it continues to defend them vigorously. A number of other defendants have reached settlements in the principal class action. The Group is unable reliably to estimate the possible loss to it in relation to these matters or the effect that the possible loss might have on the Group’s consolidated net assets or its operating results or cashflows in any particular period. In addition, pursuant to requests received from the US Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice, the Group has provided copies of Enron-related materials to these authorities and has co-operated fully with them.
 
On 27 July 2007, following discussions between the Office of Fair Trading ('OFT'), the Financial Ombudsman Service, the Financial Services Authority and all the major UK banks (including the Group) in the first half of 2007, the OFT issued proceedings in a test case against the banks including the Group to determine the legal status and enforceability of certain charges relating to unauthorised overdrafts. The Group maintains that its charges are fair and enforceable and intends to defend its position vigorously. The Group cannot predict with any certainty the outcome of the test case and is unable reliably to estimate the liability, if any, that may arise or its effect on the Group's consolidated net assets, operating results or cash flows in any particular period.
 
Members of the Group are engaged in other litigation in the United Kingdom and a number of overseas jurisdictions, including the United States, involving claims by and against them arising in the ordinary course of business. The Group has reviewed these other actual, threatened and known potential claims and proceedings and, after consulting with its legal advisers, is satisfied that the outcome of these other claims and proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated net assets, operating results or cash flows in any particular period.
 
 

 
39

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

11.
Analysis of consolidated equity     

   
First half
   
First half
   
Full year
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
 
Called-up share capital
                       
At beginning of period
   
815
     
826
     
826
 
Bonus issue of ordinary shares*
   
1,576
     
-
     
-
 
Shares issued during the period
   
-
     
2
     
2
 
Shares repurchased during the period
   
-
      (3 )     (13 )
At end of period
   
2,391
     
825
     
815
 
                         
Share premium account
                       
At beginning of period
   
12,482
     
11,777
     
11,777
 
Bonus issue of ordinary shares*
    (1,576 )    
-
     
-
 
Shares issued during the period
   
460
     
446
     
815
 
Shares repurchased during the period
   
-
     
-
      (381 )
Redemption of preference shares classified as debt
   
159
     
271
     
271
 
At end of period
   
11,525
     
12,494
     
12,482
 
                         
Merger reserve
                       
At beginning and end of period
   
10,881
     
10,881
     
10,881
 
                         
Available-for-sale reserves
                       
At beginning of period
   
1,528
      (73 )     (73 )
Currency translation adjustments
   
17
      (6 )     (43 )
Unrealised (losses)/gains in the period
    (376 )    
1,475
     
2,652
 
Realised gains in the period
    (117 )     (81 )     (313 )
Taxation
   
204
      (397 )     (695 )
At end of period
   
1,256
     
918
     
1,528
 
                         
Cash flow hedging reserve
                       
At beginning of period
    (149 )    
59
     
59
 
Currency translation adjustments
   
-
      (10 )    
-
 
Amount recognised in equity during the period
    (26 )    
216
      (109 )
Amount transferred from equity to earnings in the period
    (99 )     (71 )     (140 )
Taxation
   
24
      (57 )    
41
 
At end of period
    (250 )    
137
      (149 )
                         
Foreign exchange reserve
                       
At beginning of period
    (872 )    
469
     
469
 
Retranslation of net assets, net of related hedges
    (220 )     (676 )     (1,341 )
At end of period
    (1,092 )     (207 )     (872 )
 
*in May 2007, the Group capitalised £1,576 million of its share premium account by way of a two for one bonus issue of ordinary shares of 25p each.

40


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)


11.
Analysis of consolidated equity (continued)     

   
First half
   
First half
   
Full year
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
 
Capital redemption reserve
                       
At beginning of period
   
170
     
157
     
157
 
Shares repurchased during the period
   
-
     
3
     
13
 
At end of period
   
170
     
160
     
170
 
                         
Retained earnings
                       
At beginning of period
   
15,487
     
11,346
     
11,346
 
Profit attributable to ordinary and equity preference shareholders
   
3,661
     
3,069
     
6,393
 
Ordinary dividends paid
    (2,091 )     (1,699 )     (2,470 )
Equity preference dividends paid
    (106 )     (91 )     (191 )
Shares repurchased during the period
   
-
      (201 )     (624 )
Redemption of preference shares classified as debt
    (159 )     (271 )     (271 )
Actuarial (losses)/gains recognised in retirement benefit
                       
    schemes, net of tax (1)
    (48 )    
-
     
1,262
 
Net cost of shares bought and used to satisfy share-based
                       
    payments
    (38 )    
-
      (38 )
Share-based payments, net of tax
   
32
     
20
     
80
 
At end of period
   
16,738
     
12,173
     
15,487
 
                         
Own shares held
                       
At beginning of period
    (115 )     (7 )     (7 )
Shares purchased during the period
    (50 )    
-
      (254 )
Shares issued under employee share schemes
   
90
     
1
     
146
 
At end of period
    (75 )     (6 )     (115 )
                         
                         
Shareholders’ equity at end of period
   
41,544
     
37,375
     
40,227
 
                         
Attributable to:
                       
Ordinary shareholders
   
37,403
     
34,016
     
36,546
 
Preference shareholders
   
4,141
     
3,359
     
3,681
 
                         
Minority interests
                       
At beginning of period
   
5,263
     
2,109
     
2,109
 
Currency translation adjustments and other movements
   
4
      (177 )     (297 )
Profit attributable to minority interests
   
75
     
55
     
104
 
Dividends paid
    (55 )     (41 )     (66 )
Unrealised (losses)/gains on available-for-sale reserves
    (332 )    
1,712
     
2,140
 
Equity raised
   
-
     
528
     
1,354
 
Equity withdrawn and disposals
    (41 )    
-
      (81 )
At end of period
   
4,914
     
4,186
     
5,263
 
                         
                         
Total equity at end of period
   
46,458
     
41,561
     
45,490
 

(1) The movement of £48 million in the first half of 2007 reflects the reduction in deferred tax asset on actuarial losses recognised in retirement benefit schemes following the change in the rate of UK Corporation Tax.
 
41

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

12.
Contingent liabilities, commitments and contractual cash obligations

   
30 June 2007
 
   
Less than
1 year
   
More than 1
year but less
than
3 years
   
More than 3
years but
less than
5 years
   
Over
5 years
   
Total
 
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
 
Contingent liabilities
                                       
Guarantees and assets pledged as collateral security
   
6,092
     
1,819
     
1,077
     
2,008
     
10,996
 
Other contingent liabilities
   
2,663
     
583
     
418
     
5,969
     
9,633
 
Total
   
8,755
     
2,402
     
1,495
     
7,977
     
20,629
 
                                         
Commitments
                                       
Undrawn formal standby facilities, credit lines and other commitments to lend
   
170,646
     
23,535
     
40,182
     
26,917
     
261,280
 
Other commitments
   
2,331
     
469
     
8
     
124
     
2,932
 
Total
   
172,977
     
24,004
     
40,190
     
27,041
     
264,212
 
                                         
Contractual cash obligations
                                       
Dated loan capital
   
1,043
     
931
     
4,905
     
7,409
     
14,288
 
Operating and finance leases
   
339
     
623
     
531
     
1,962
     
3,455
 
Obligations to purchase goods or services
   
988
     
638
     
63
     
114
     
1,803
 
Total
   
2,370
     
2,192
     
5,499
     
9,485
     
19,546
 

 
 
 
42

THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

13.
Significant differences between IFRS and US generally accepted accounting principles
   
 
The consolidated accounts of the Group have been prepared in accordance with IFRS issued and extant at 30 June 2007 which differ in certain significant respects from US generally accepted accounting principles ("US GAAP"). The significant differences which affect the Group are summarised below in two separate sections.
   
 
Section (i) covers ongoing significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP.
   
 
Section (ii) summarises those adjustments that, although the applicable IFRS and US GAAP standards are substantially the same, arise because their effective dates for the Group differ.

(i)
Ongoing GAAP differences

IFRS
US GAAP
(a)  Acquisition accounting
 
All integration costs relating to acquisitions are expensed as post-acquisition expenses.
 
Certain restructuring and exit costs incurred in the acquired business are treated as liabilities assumed on acquisition and taken into account in the calculation of goodwill.
On the acquisition of NatWest in 2000, the fair value of the pension scheme surplus was restricted to the amount expected to be realised through reduced contributions or refunds. The full surplus was recognised as a fair value adjustment on acquisition. As a result goodwill recognised under US GAAP on the acquisition of NatWest was lower than under IFRS.
(b)  Investment properties
 
Investment properties are carried at fair value; changes in fair value are included in profit or loss.
Revaluations of property are not permitted.  Depreciation is charged, and gains or losses on disposal are based on the depreciated cost.
(c)  Leasehold property provisions
 
Provisions are recognised on leasehold properties when there is a commitment to vacate the property.
Provisions are recognised on leasehold properties at the time the property is vacated.
(d)  Loan origination
 
Only costs that are incremental and directly attributable to the origination of a loan are deferred over the period of the related loan or facility.
Certain direct (but not necessarily incremental) costs are deferred and recognised over the period of the related loan or facility.
(e)  Pension costs
 
Pension scheme assets are measured at their fair value.  Scheme liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis using the projected unit method and discounted at the current rate of return on a high quality corporate bond of equivalent term and currency.  Any surplus or deficit of scheme assets compared with liabilities is recognised in the balance sheet as an asset (surplus) or liability (deficit).  An asset is only recognised to the extent that the surplus can be recovered through reduced contributions in the future or through refunds from the scheme.
US GAAP requires similar measurement of pension assets and liabilities. Any surplus or deficit is recognised on the balance sheet with effect from 31 December 2006 and changes in the funded status of the plan are recognised through comprehensive income.
 
   
The current service cost and any past service costs together with the expected return on scheme assets less the unwinding of the discount on the scheme liabilities is charged to the income statement.
Under US GAAP, in the income statement, a certain portion of actuarial gains and losses are deferred over the average remaining service lives of active employees expected to receive benefits.
 
43

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

13.
Significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP for the Group
   
(i)
Ongoing GAAP differences (continued)

IFRS
US GAAP
(f)  Sale and leaseback transactions
 
If a sale and leaseback transaction results in an operating lease and it is clear that the transaction is established at fair value, any profit is recognised immediately.
 
 
 
If a sale and leaseback transaction results in an operating lease, the seller recognises any profit on the sale in proportion to the related gross rental charged to expense over the lease term unless;
(a)   the seller relinquishes the right to substantially all the remaining use of the property sold in which case the sale and leaseback is accounted for as separate transactions; or
(b)   the seller retains more than a minor part but less than substantially all of the use of the property through the leaseback in which case the profit on sale in excess of the present value of minimum lease payments is recognised at the date of sale.
(g)  Long-term assurance business
 
IFRS requires contracts to be analysed between insurance and investment contracts. Investment contracts are accounted as financial instruments. Insurance contracts are accounted for using an embedded value methodology: the shareholders' interest in the long-term assurance fund is valued as the discounted value of the cash flows expected to be generated from in-force policies together with net assets in excess of the statutory liabilities.
US GAAP also requires contracts to be classified either as insurance or investment contracts; however US GAAP does not permit embedded value reporting.
 
Deferred acquisition cost and income accounting is required for all contracts. Where investment contract policy charges benefit future periods, they are deferred and amortised.
(h)  Financial instruments
 
Financial assets and liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
 
Financial assets and liabilities held for trading are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss.  Financial assets and liabilities may also be designated on initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss subject to certain conditions.
Trading securities and derivatives, certain hybrid financial instruments subject to a fair value election, and securities held by the Group’s private equity business are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in net income.
Debt securities classified as loans and receivables
 
Non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable repayments that are not quoted in an active market are classified as loans and receivables except those that are classified as held-to-maturity, held-for-trading, available-for-sale or designated as at fair value through profit or loss. Loans and receivables are initially recognised at fair value plus directly related transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at adjusted cost using the effective interest method less any impairment losses. The Group has classified some debt securities as loans and receivables.
These debt securities are classified as available-for-sale securities with unrealised gains and losses reported in a separate component of equity, except when the unrealised loss is considered other than temporary in which case the loss is included in net income.
 
44

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

13.
Significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP for the Group
   
(i)
Ongoing GAAP differences (continued)

IFRS
US GAAP
 (h)  Financial instruments (continued)
 
Available-for-sale securities
 
Financial assets classified as available-for-sale may take any legal form.
 
 
 
Equity shares, the sale of which is restricted by contractual requirements (restricted stock) are carried at fair value.
Debt and equity securities having a readily determinable fair value are classified as available-for-sale. Such securities are measured at fair value with unrealised gains and losses reported in a separate component of equity.
 
Restricted stock are recorded at cost.
 
Loans classified as held-for-trading
 
Loans classified as held-for-trading are carried at fair value.
Collateralised loans arising from reverse repurchase and stock borrowing agreements and cash collateral given are measured at cost. Other held-for-trading loans are measured at the lower of cost and fair value except those held by the Group’s broker-dealer and its affiliates which are recorded at fair value.
Foreign exchange gains and losses on monetary available-for-sale financial assets
 
For the purposes of recognising foreign exchange gains and losses, a monetary available-for-sale debt security is treated as if it were carried at amortised cost in the foreign currency. Accordingly, for such financial assets, exchange differences resulting from retranslating amortised cost are recognised in profit or loss.
Exchange differences are included with other unrealised gains and losses on available-for-sale securities and reported in a separate component of equity.
(i)  Derivatives and hedging activities
 
Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value of a derivative are recognised as they arise in profit or loss unless the derivative is the hedging instrument in a qualifying hedge. The Group enters into three types of hedge relationship: hedges of changes in the fair value of a recognised asset or liability or firm commitment (fair value hedges); hedges of the variability in cash flows from a recognised asset or liability or a forecast transaction (cash flow hedges); and hedges of the net investment in a foreign entity.
US GAAP principles are similar to IFRS. There are however differences in their detailed application. The Group has not recognised any hedge relationships for US GAAP purposes except hedges of net investments in overseas operations. All derivatives are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in net income.
(j)  Liabilities and equity
 
Certain preference shares issued by the company where distributions are not discretionary are classified as debt.
Preference shares issued by the company are classified as equity, as they are perpetual and redeemable only at the option of the company.
 
45


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

13.
Significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP for the Group

(i)
Ongoing GAAP differences (continued)

(k) Consolidation
 
All entities controlled by the Group are consolidated including those special purpose entities (SPEs) where the substance of the relationship between the reporting entity and the SPE indicates that it is controlled by the Group.
 
US GAAP requires consolidation by the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (VIE). An enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a VIE if it will absorb the majority of the VIE’s expected losses, receive a majority of expected residual returns, or both.
 
This GAAP difference has no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity.
(l) Offset arrangements
 
A financial asset and a financial liability are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when, and only when, the Group currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts; and intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
 
Arrangements such as master netting agreements do not generally provide a basis for offsetting.
Debit and credit balances with the same counterparty may be offset only where there is a legally enforceable right of set-off and the intention to settle on a net basis. However, fair value amounts for forward, interest rate swap, currency swap, option, and other conditional or exchange contracts executed with the same counterparty under a master netting agreement may be offset as may repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements that are executed under a master netting agreement with the same counterparty and have the same settlement date.
 
This GAAP difference has no effect on net income or shareholders’ equity.


(ii)
Implementation timing differences

IFRS
US GAAP
(a)  Properties occupied for own use
 
Prior to the implementation of IFRS, the Group annually revalued freehold and long leasehold property occupied for its own use. On transition to IFRS, as permitted by IFRS 1 valuations of these properties at 31 December 2003 were deemed to be their cost.
Revaluations of property are not permitted.  Depreciation is charged, and gains or losses on disposal are based on depreciated cost.


46


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

13.
Significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP for the Group (continued)
   
(ii)
Implementation timing differences (continued)
   
(b)  Intangible assets
 
Purchased goodwill
Purchased goodwill is recorded at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is tested annually (at 30 September) for impairment or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it might be impaired.
 
Goodwill arising on acquisitions after 1 October 1998 was capitalised and amortised over its estimated useful economic life. Goodwill arising on acquisitions before 1 October 1998 was deducted from equity. The carrying amount of goodwill in the Group's opening IFRS balance sheet was its carrying value under UK GAAP as at 31 December 2003.
 
There was no restatement of previous acquisitions in 1998.
 
Other intangibles
 
US GAAP requires the same treatment of purchased goodwill. This was adopted by the Group from 1 July 2001. Prior to this goodwill was recognised as an asset and amortised over periods of up to 25 years. No amortisation was written back on this change of policy.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Until 2004 intangible assets acquired in a business combination were recognised separately from goodwill only if they were separable and reliably measurable. From 1 January 2004 intangible assets are recognised if they are separable or arise from contractual or other legal rights. All intangible assets are amortised over their useful economic lives.
For US GAAP purposes the Group recognised intangible assets separately from goodwill from 1 July 2001. This has resulted in the recognition of additional intangible assets and consequently a higher amortisation charge under US GAAP.

The Group implemented SFAS 155 ‘Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments’ with effect from 1 January 2007.  The standard permits an irrevocable election on initial recognition to measure at fair value any hybrid financial instrument containing an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation under SFAS 133.  The Group has elected to fair value certain instruments, principally structured notes, issued after 31 December 2006.  In addition, the Group elected to fair value such instruments existing at 1 January 2007 resulting in a £75 million cumulative effect increase in retained earnings (comprising gains of £84m less losses of £9m).

The Group implemented FIN 48 'Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes' on 1 January 2007. The effect was not material. The Group does not expect any material change in unrecognised tax benefits relating to uncertain tax positions as at 30 June 2007 within the next 12 months.

Recent developments in US GAAP

As discussed in the Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended 31 December 2006, the Group is evaluating the implications of SFAS 157 ‘Fair Value Measurements’ and SFAS 159 ‘The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities’ on its US GAAP reporting.


47

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

13.
Significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP for the Group (continued)

   
 
Selected figures in accordance with US GAAP
 
The following tables summarise the significant adjustments to consolidated net income available for ordinary shareholders and shareholders’ equity, which would result from the application of US GAAP instead of IFRS. Where applicable, the adjustments are stated gross of tax with the tax effect shown separately in total.
 

Consolidated statement of income (unaudited)
 
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Profit attributable to ordinary shareholders - IFRS
   
3,555
     
2,978
 
Investment properties
    (231 )     (63 )
Leasehold property provisions
    (10 )    
7
 
Loan origination
    (22 )    
65
 
Pensions costs
    (102 )     (168 )
Sale and leaseback transactions
    (36 )     (28 )
Long-term assurance business
    (28 )     (11 )
Financial instruments
    (154 )     (46 )
Derivatives and hedging
    (234 )     (398 )
Liabilities and equity
   
23
     
64
 
Implementation timing differences
               
 - properties occupied for own use
   
9
      (5 )
 - intangible assets
    (28 )     (32 )
      (19 )     (37 )
Other
   
36
     
3
 
Taxation
               
 - change of rate of UK Corporation Tax*
   
(157
)     
-
 
 - other
     233      
161
 
     
76
     
161
 
Net income available for ordinary shareholders – US GAAP
   
2,854
     
2,527
 

Income statement presentation under US GAAP does not differ significantly from IFRS except that under US GAAP impairment losses are included in total income.


48


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

13.
Significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP for the Group (continued)

Consolidated shareholders’ equity (unaudited)
 
30 June
   
31 December
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Shareholders’ equity - IFRS
   
41,544
     
40,227
 
Acquisition accounting
               
 - restructuring costs
   
494
     
494
 
 - pension surplus
    (1,555 )     (1,555 )
      (1,061 )     (1,061 )
Investment properties
    (865 )     (634 )
Leasehold property provisions
   
74
     
84
 
Loan origination
   
497
     
520
 
Pensions costs
    (168 )     (168 )
Sale and leaseback transactions
    (116 )     (84 )
Long-term assurance business
    (87 )     (59 )
Financial instruments
    (2,399 )     (2,558 )
Derivatives and hedging
    (54 )    
55
 
Liabilities and equity
   
1,493
     
1,491
 
Implementation timing differences
               
 - properties occupied for own use
    (230 )     (239 )
 - intangible assets
   
1,722
     
1,753
 
     
1,492
     
1,514
 
Other
    (33 )     (34 )
Taxation
               
 - change of rate of UK Corporation Tax*
   
(104
)
   
-
 
 - other
    879      
784
 
     
775
     
784
 
Shareholders’ equity – US GAAP
   
41,092
     
40,077
 
 
* IFRS requires tax rates changes to be recognised on substantive enactment of relevant legislation.  The Group recognised a reduction in deferred tax liability to reflect a change in the rate of UK Corporation Tax with effect from 1 April 2008. Under US GAAP the effect of changes on tax rates are recognised only when the relevant legislation is enacted. 
 
Total assets under US GAAP of £847.1 billion (31 December 2006 - £770.8 billion) primarily reflects the effect of certain arrangements that can be netted under US GAAP together with the effects of adjustments made to shareholders' equity.
 
Earnings per share
Basic and diluted earnings per share ("EPS") under US GAAP differ from IFRS only to the extent that the income calculated under US GAAP differs from that under IFRS.
 
   
             
   
First half 2007
   
First half 2006*
 
   
Income
   
No. of
shares
   
Per share
amount
   
Income
   
No. of
shares
   
Per share
amount
 
     
£m
   
million
   
Pence
     
£m
   
million
   
Pence
 
                                         
Basic EPS
   
2,854
     
9,443
     
30.2
     
2,527
     
9,591
     
26.3
 
Dilutive effect of share options outstanding
   
31
     
159
      (0.2 )    
33
     
174
      (0.1 )
Diluted EPS
   
2,885
     
9,602
     
30.0
     
2,560
     
9,765
     
26.2
 

*First half 2006 data have been restated to reflect the two for one bonus issue of ordinary shares in May 2007.


49


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

NOTES (continued)

13.
Significant differences between IFRS and US GAAP for the Group (continued)

 
Pension costs
   
  Defined benefit schemes
   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Service cost
   
327
     
299
 
Interest cost
   
525
     
456
 
Expected return on plan assets
    (623 )     (506 )
Amortisation of loss
   
103
     
186
 
Amortisation of prior service cost
   
4
     
-
 
Net periodic pension cost
   
336
     
435
 
      
 
As at 30 June 2007, contributions of £239 million have been made to the Group's defined benefit pension schemes and the Group presently anticipates an additional contribution of £225 million to fund these schemes in 2007.
   
  A further £35 million was charged in the first half of 2007 in respect of defined contribution schemes (first half 2006 - £23 million)  
   
14.
Statutory accounts
 
Financial information contained in this document does not constitute statutory accounts within the meaning of section 240 of the Companies Act 1985 ("the Act"). The statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2006 have been filed with the Registrar of Companies and have been reported on by the auditors under section 235 of the Act. The report of the auditors was unqualified and did not contain a statement under section 237(2) or (3) of the Act.
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

ANALYSIS OF INCOME, EXPENSES AND IMPAIRMENT LOSSES

   
First half
   
First half
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Fees and commissions receivable
   
3,588
     
3,543
 
Fees and commissions payable
               
-    banking
    (715 )     (733 )
-    insurance related
    (201 )     (252 )
Net fees and commissions
   
2,672
     
2,558
 
                 
Foreign exchange
   
424
     
258
 
Interest rate
   
922
     
634
 
Credit
   
421
     
496
 
Other
   
108
     
65
 
Income from trading activities
   
1,875
     
1,453
 
                 
Rental income and other asset-based activities
   
1,184
     
1,039
 
Other income
               
-    principal investments
   
288
     
203
 
-    net realised gains on available-for-sale securities
   
15
     
66
 
-    dividend income
   
35
     
41
 
-    profit on sale of property, plant and equipment
   
92
     
50
 
-    other
   
98
     
58
 
Other operating income
   
1,712
     
1,457
 
                 
Non-interest income (excluding insurance premiums)
   
6,259
     
5,468
 
                 
Insurance net premium income
   
3,048
     
2,980
 
                 
Total non-interest income
   
9,307
     
8,448
 
                 
Staff costs
               
-    wages, salaries and other staff costs
   
3,029
     
2,740
 
-    social security costs
   
196
     
203
 
-    pension costs
   
269
     
290
 
Premises and equipment
   
748
     
668
 
Other
   
1,319
     
1,286
 
Administrative expenses
   
5,561
     
5,187
 
Operating lease depreciation
   
362
     
403
 
Other depreciation and amortisation
   
473
     
450
 
Operating expenses*
   
6,396
     
6,040
 
                 
General insurance
   
2,130
     
1,962
 
Bancassurance
   
285
     
242
 
Insurance net claims
   
2,415
     
2,204
 
                 
Loan impairment losses
   
851
     
889
 
Impairment of available-for-sale securities
   
20
      (2 )
Impairment losses
   
871
     
887
 
                 
                 
*Operating expenses include:
               
Integration costs:
               
-     Administrative expenses
   
26
     
41
 
-     Depreciation and amortisation
   
29
     
2
 
     
55
     
43
 
Amortisation of purchased intangible assets
   
43
     
49
 
     
98
     
92
 
 
51


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

REGULATORY RATIOS


   
30 June
   
31 December
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
Capital base
               
Ordinary shareholders’ funds and minority interests less
               
   intangibles
   
20,985
     
20,281
 
Preference shares and tax deductible securities
   
10,166
     
9,760
 
Tier 1 capital
   
31,151
     
30,041
 
Tier 2 capital
   
26,955
     
27,491
 
     
58,106
     
57,532
 
Less: Supervisory deductions
    (5,803 )     (10,583 )
     
52,303
     
46,949
 
Risk-weighted assets
               
Banking book
               
-    on-balance sheet
   
333,400
     
318,600
 
-    off-balance sheet
   
62,700
     
59,400
 
Trading book
   
23,600
     
22,300
 
     
419,700
     
400,300
 
Risk asset ratio
               
Tier 1
    7.4%       7.5%  
Total
    12.5%       11.7%  
                 
Composition of capital
               
Tier 1
               
Shareholders’ equity and minority interests
   
43,110
     
41,700
 
Innovative tier 1 securities and preference shares
   
4,264
     
4,900
 
Goodwill and other intangible assets
    (18,868 )     (18,904 )
Regulatory and other adjustments
   
2,645
     
2,345
 
Total qualifying tier 1 capital
   
31,151
     
30,041
 
                 
Tier 2
               
Unrealised gains in available-for-sale equity securities
               
  in shareholders’ equity and minority interests
   
3,348
     
3,790
 
Collective impairment losses, net of taxes
   
2,374
     
2,267
 
Qualifying subordinated liabilities
   
20,663
     
21,024
 
Minority and other interests in tier 2 capital
   
570
     
410
 
Total qualifying tier 2 capital
   
26,955
     
27,491
 
                 
Supervisory deductions
               
Unconsolidated investments
   
4,147
     
3,870
 
Investments in other banks (1)
   
64
     
5,203
 
Other deductions
   
1,592
     
1,510
 
     
5,803
     
10,583
 
                 
Total regulatory capital
   
52,303
     
46,949
 

(1) The reduction in supervisory deductions for investments in other banks reflects changes to the FSA rules following the implementation of certain provisions of the EU Capital Requirements Directive with effect from 1 January 2007. This affects the Group's investment in Bank of China which is now included in risk-weighted assets.
 
52

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

ASSET QUALITY


Analysis of loans and advances to customers
The following table analyses loans and advances to customers (including reverse repurchase agreements and stock borrowing) by industry and geography.

   
30 June
   
31 December
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
                 
Central and local government
   
3,806
     
6,732
 
Finance
   
38,073
     
25,017
 
Individuals – home
   
71,148
     
70,884
 
Individuals – other
   
27,763
     
27,922
 
Other commercial and industrial comprising:
               
-    Manufacturing
   
11,410
     
11,051
 
-    Construction
   
9,155
     
8,251
 
-    Service industries and business activities
   
46,453
     
43,887
 
-    Agriculture, forestry and fishing
   
2,472
     
2,767
 
-    Property
   
42,933
     
39,296
 
Finance leases and instalment credit
   
14,529
     
14,218
 
Interest accruals
   
1,566
     
1,497
 
Total domestic
   
269,308
     
251,522
 
Overseas residents
   
77,779
     
69,242
 
Total UK offices
   
347,087
     
320,764
 
                 
Overseas
               
US
   
93,808
     
92,166
 
Rest of the World
   
66,362
     
57,896
 
Total Overseas offices
   
160,170
     
150,062
 
                 
Loans and advances to customers – gross
   
507,257
     
470,826
 
Loan impairment provisions
    (4,060 )     (3,933 )
Total loans and advances to customers
   
503,197
     
466,893
 
                 
Reverse repurchase agreements included in the analysis above:                
                 
Central and local government
   
-
     
3,677
 
Finance
   
28,699
     
17,540
 
Accruals
   
185
     
220
 
     
28,884
     
21,437
 
Overseas residents
   
23,556
     
18,487
 
Total UK offices
   
52,440
     
39,924
 
US
   
22,849
     
19,383
 
Rest of the World
   
4,180
     
3,601
 
Total
   
79,469
     
62,908
 
                 
Loans and advances to customers excluding reverse
               
  repurchase agreements - net
   
423,728
     
403,985
 
 
 
53


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

ASSET QUALITY (continued)


Risk elements in lending
The Group’s loan control and review procedures do not include the classification of loans as non-accrual, accruing past due, restructured and potential problem loans, as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (‘SEC’) in the US.  The following table shows the estimated amount of loans which would be reported using the SEC’s classifications.  The figures are stated before deducting the value of security held or related provisions.

   
30 June
   
31 December
 
   
2007
   
2006
 
     
£m
     
£m
 
Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis (2):
               
-    Domestic
   
5,560
     
5,420
 
-    Foreign
   
819
     
812
 
     
6,379
     
6,232
 
Accruing loans which are contractually overdue
               
90 days or more as to principal or interest (3):
               
-    Domestic
   
32
     
81
 
-    Foreign
   
38
     
24
 
     
70
     
105
 
Total risk elements in lending
   
6,449
     
6,337
 
Potential problem loans (4):
               
-    Domestic
   
29
     
47
 
-    Foreign
   
1
     
5
 
     
30
     
52
 
                 
Closing provisions for impairment as a % of total risk elements in lending and potential problem loans
    63%       62%  
                 
Risk elements in lending as a % of gross lending to customers excluding reverse repos
    1.51%       1.55%  
                 
Risk elements in lending and potential problem loans as a % of gross lending to customers excluding reverse repos
    1.51%       1.57%  


1)
For the analysis above, 'Domestic' consists of the United Kingdom domestic transactions of the Group.  'Foreign' comprises the Group’s transactions conducted through offices outside the UK and through those offices in the UK specifically organised to service international banking transactions.
2)
All loans against which an impairment provision is held are reported in the non-accrual category.
3)
Loans where an impairment event has taken place but no impairment recognised.  This category is used for fully collateralised non-revolving credit facilities.
4)
Loans for which an impairment event has occurred but no impairment provision is necessary.  This category is used for fully collateralised advances and revolving credit facilities where identification as 90 days overdue is not feasible.
 
 
54


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

RISK INFORMATION

Market risk
The Group manages the market risk in its trading and treasury portfolios through its market risk management framework. This expresses limits based on, but not limited to: value-at-risk (VaR); stress testing and scenario analysis; and position and sensitivity analyses. VaR is a technique that produces estimates of the potential negative change in the market value of a portfolio over a specified time horizon at given confidence levels.  The table below sets out the VaR, at a 95% confidence level and a one-day time horizon, for the Group's trading and treasury portfolios.  The VaR for the Group’s trading portfolios includes idiosyncratic risk and is segregated by type of market risk exposure.

   
Average
   
Period end
   
Maximum
   
Minimum
 
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
     
£m
 
Trading VaR
                               
                                 
Interest rate
   
11.7
     
11.4
     
15.9
     
9.0
 
Credit spread
   
14.6
     
13.9
     
15.9
     
13.0
 
Currency
   
2.1
     
1.8
     
5.2
     
1.1
 
Equity and commodity
   
2.3
     
2.6
     
3.8
     
1.6
 
Diversification effects
            (13.0 )                
30 June 2007
   
16.1
     
16.7
     
19.0
     
13.2
 
31 December 2006
   
14.2
     
15.6
     
18.9
     
10.4
 
30 June 2006
   
13.1
     
14.5
     
16.2
     
10.4
 
                                 
Treasury VaR
                               
                                 
30 June 2007
   
2.8
     
3.4
     
3.9
     
1.3
 
31 December 2006
   
2.4
     
1.5
     
4.4
     
0.6
 
30 June 2006
   
3.3
     
2.7
     
4.4
     
2.5
 

Non-trading interest rate VaR (including Treasury)
                       
                         
30 June 2007
   
40.8
     
41.6
     
48.5
     
32.9
 
31 December 2006
   
76.6
     
40.2
     
98.7
     
40.2
 
30 June 2006
   
88.2
     
95.7
     
98.7
     
77.8
 

The Group's VaR should be interpreted in light of the limitations of the methodologies used.  These limitations include:

·
Historical data may not provide the best estimate of the joint distribution of risk factor changes in the future and may fail to capture the risk of possible extreme adverse market movements which have not occurred in the historical window used in the calculations.
·
VaR using a one-day time horizon does not fully capture the market risk of positions that cannot be liquidated or hedged within one day.
·
VaR using a 95% confidence level does not reflect the extent of potential losses beyond that percentile.

The Group largely computes the VaR of trading portfolios at the close of business and positions may change substantially during the course of the trading day.  Controls are in place to limit the Group's intra-day exposure, such as the calculation of VaR for selected portfolios. These limitations and the nature of the VaR measure mean that the Group cannot guarantee that losses will not exceed the VaR amounts indicated.  The Group undertakes stress testing to identify the potential for losses in excess of the VaR.

The Group’s treasury activities include its money market business and the management of internal funds flow within the Group’s businesses.
 
 
55

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

RISK INFORMATION (continued)
 
Currency risk

The Group does not maintain material non-trading open currency positions other than the structural foreign currency translation exposures arising from its investment in foreign subsidiaries and associated undertakings and their related currency funding. The table below sets out the Group’s structural foreign currency exposures
 
 
30 June 2007     
 
31 December
2006
 
 
Net
investments in overseas operations
 
Foreign currency borrowings hedging net investments
 
Structural
foreign
currency exposures
 
Structural
foreign
currency
exposures
 
£m 
 
£m 
 
£m 
 
£m 
               
US Dollar
14,631
 
5,072
 
9,559
 
9,758
Euro
2,948
 
1,019
 
1,929
 
1,363
Swiss franc
485
 
479
 
6
 
5
Chinese RMB
2,674
 
 
2,674
 
3,013
Other non-sterling
146
 
139
 
7
 
25
 
20,884
 
6,709
 
14,175
 
14,164

The US dollar and Euro open structural foreign currency exposure positions are taken to minimise the impact of movements in the US dollar and Euro exchange rates against sterling on the Group's capital ratios. The exposure in Chinese RMB arises from the Group's strategic investment in Bank of China.





56


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

OTHER INFORMATION


 
30 June
 
31 December
 
2007
 
2006
       
Number of ordinary shares in issue*
9,456m
 
9,459m
       
       
Employee numbers
     
(full time equivalents rounded to the nearest hundred)
     
Global Banking & Markets
9,900
 
8,600
UK Corporate Banking
9,000
 
8,800
Retail
37,800
 
38,900
Wealth Management
4,700
 
4,500
Ulster Bank
6,100
 
5,600
Citizens
22,500
 
23,100
RBS Insurance
17,500
 
17,500
Manufacturing
25,100
 
25,400
Centre
2,800
 
2,600
Group total
135,400
 
135,000
       
 
*prior period data have been restated to reflect the two for one bonus issue of ordinary shares in May 2007.
 
 

 
57

 
 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The dollar financial information included below has been translated for convenience at the rate of £1.00 to US$2.0063, the Noon Buying Rate on 29 June 2007 (the last business day of the period).

Summary consolidated income statement
 
First half 2007
 
First half 2006
Amounts in accordance with IFRS
$m
 
£m
 
£m
           
Net interest income
10,800
 
5,383
 
5,194
Non-interest income
18,673
 
9,307
 
8,448
Total income
29,473
 
14,690
 
13,642
Operating expenses
12,833
 
6,396
 
6,040
Profit before other operating charges and impairment losses
16,640
 
8,294
 
7,602
Insurance net claims
4,845
 
2,415
 
2,204
Impairment losses
1,747
 
871
 
887
Operating profit before tax
10,048
 
5,008
 
4,511
Tax
2,552
 
1,272
 
1,387
Profit for the period
7,496
 
3,736
 
3,124
           
Profit attributable to:          
Minority interests
151
 
75
 
55
Preference shareholders
213
 
106
 
91
Ordinary shareholders
7,132
 
3,555
 
2,978
 
7,496
 
3,736
 
3,124
           
Ordinary dividends
4,195
 
2,091
 
1,699
           
Amounts in accordance with US GAAP
         
Net income available for ordinary shareholders
5,726
 
2,854
 
2,527


Summary consolidated balance sheet
 
30 June 2007
 
31 December
2006
Amounts in accordance with IFRS
$m
 
£m
 
£m
           
Loans and advances
1,194,218
 
595,234
 
549,499
Debt securities and equity shares
312,014
 
155,517
 
140,755
Derivatives and settlement balances
410,660
 
204,685
 
124,106
Other assets
112,011
 
55,830
 
57,072
Total assets
2,028,903
 
1,011,266
 
871,432
           
Shareholders' equity
83,350
 
41,544
 
40,227
Minority interests
9,859
 
4,914
 
5,263
Subordinated liabilities
54,329
 
27,079
 
27,654
Deposits
1,120,984
 
558,732
 
516,365
Derivatives, settlement balances and short positions
512,469
 
255,430
 
167,588
Other liabilities
247,912
 
123,567
 
114,335
Total liabilities and equity
2,028,903
 
1,011,266
 
871,432
           
Amounts in accordance with US GAAP
         
Shareholders’ equity
82,443
 
41,092
 
40,077
Total assets
1,699,446
 
847,055
 
770,815
 
 
58

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (continued)

Other financial data

 
First half
 
First half
 
2007
 
2006
Based upon IFRS
     
Earnings per ordinary share - pence (1)
37.6
 
31.0
Diluted earnings per ordinary share   - pence (1)
37.3
 
30.8
Dividends per ordinary share  - pence (1)
22.1
 
17.7
Share price per ordinary share at period end - £ (1)
6.33
 
5.93
Market capitalisation at period end - £ billion
59.9
 
56.8
Net asset value per ordinary share - £ (1)
3.96
 
3.55
Return on average total assets - %
0.75
 
0.74
Return on average ordinary shareholders' equity - %
19.2
 
18.1
Average shareholders' equity as a percentage of average total assets - %
4.3
 
4.4
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preference dividends
     
- including interest on deposits
1.59
 
1.64
- excluding interest on deposits
6.29
 
6.34
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges only
     
- including interest on deposits
1.61
 
1.66
- excluding interest on deposits
7.11
 
7.13
       
       
Based upon US GAAP
     
Earnings per ordinary share – pence (1)
30.2
 
26.3
Diluted earnings per ordinary share   - pence (1)
30.0
 
26.2
Dividends per ordinary share  - pence (1)
22.1
 
17.7
Return on average total assets - %
0.71
 
0.72
Return on average ordinary shareholders' equity - %
16.2
 
13.8
Average shareholders' equity as a percentage of average total assets - %
5.0
 
5.6
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges and preference dividends
     
- including interest on deposits
1.49
 
1.54
- excluding interest on deposits
5.40
 
5.51
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges only
     
- including interest on deposits
1.52
 
1.58
- excluding interest on deposits
6.52
 
6.93

(1)
First half 2006 data have been restated to reflect the two for one bonus issue of ordinary shares in May 2007.





59


THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


Certain sections in this document contain ‘forward-looking statements’ as that term is defined in the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, such as statements that include the words ‘expect’, ‘estimate’, ‘project’, ‘anticipate’, ‘should’, ‘intend’, ‘plan’, ‘probability’, ‘risk’, ‘Value-at-Risk (“VaR”)’, ‘target’, ‘goal’, ‘objective’, ‘will’, ‘endeavour’, ‘outlook’, 'optimistic', 'prospects' and similar expressions or variations on such expressions and sections such as ‘Financial review'.

In particular, this document includes forward-looking statements relating, but not limited, to the Group’s potential exposures to various types of market risks, such as interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk and commodity and equity price risk.  Such statements are subject to risks and uncertainties.  For example, certain of the market risk disclosures are dependent on choices about key model characteristics and assumptions and are subject to various limitations.  By their nature, certain of the market risk disclosures are only estimates and, as a result, actual future gains and losses could differ materially from those that have been estimated.

Other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimated by the forward-looking statements contained in this document include, but are not limited to: general economic conditions in the UK and in other countries in which the Group has significant business activities or investments, including the United States; the monetary and interest rate policies of the Bank of England, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and other G-7 central banks; inflation; deflation; unanticipated turbulence in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and equity prices; changes in UK and foreign laws, regulations and taxes; changes in competition and pricing environments; natural and other disasters; the inability to hedge certain risks economically; the adequacy of loss reserves; acquisitions or restructurings; technological changes; changes in consumer spending and saving habits; and the success of the Group in managing the risks involved in the foregoing.

The forward-looking statements contained in this document speak only as of the date of this report, and the Group does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.
 
 
60

 
THE ROYAL BANK OF SCOTLAND GROUP plc


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorised.



The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc
Registrant

 

/s/ Guy Whittaker          
Guy Whittaker
Group Finance Director
15 August 2007

 
 
 
 
 61