form10-k.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K
(Mark One)

x           Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2009

o           Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission File Number: 0-21184
 

MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware
 
86-0629024
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
 
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)

2355 W. Chandler Blvd., Chandler, AZ  85224
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Including Zip Code)
 
(480) 792-7200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share
Nasdaq Global Market
Preferred Share Purchase Rights
None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.ýYes¨No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.¨YesýNo

Indicate by checkmark whether the Registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:  ýYes¨No

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§229.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ¨Yes¨No

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is large accelerated filer, an accelerated filed, or a non-accelerated filer,  or smaller reporting company.  See definitions of “large accelerated filer” “accelerated file” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):

Large accelerated filer
ý
Accelerated filer
¨
Non-accelerated filer
¨
Smaller reporting company
¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).¨YesýNo

Aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates as of September 30, 2008 based upon the closing price of the common stock as reported by the NASDAQ® Global Market on such date was approximately $5,215,717,918.
 
Number of shares of Common Stock, $.001 par value, outstanding as of May 26, 2009:  182,866,010.
 
 
Documents Incorporated by Reference
 
Document
 
Part of Form 10-K
Proxy Statement for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
III
 
 
 
 

 

MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
   
Page
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 

 


 
2

 

PART I

This Form 10-K contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements regarding our strategy and future financial performance and those statements identified under "Item 7 - Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements.”  Our actual results could differ materially from the results described in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors including those set forth under “Item 1A – Risk Factors,” beginning below at page 10, and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.  Although we believe that the matters reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.  You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.  We disclaim any obligation to update information contained in any forward-looking statement.

Item 1.                 BUSINESS
 
We develop and manufacture specialized semiconductor products used by our customers for a wide variety of embedded control applications.  Our product portfolio comprises 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit PIC® microcontrollers and 16-bit dsPIC® digital signal controllers, which feature on-board Flash (reprogrammable) memory technology.  In addition, we offer a broad spectrum of high-performance linear, mixed-signal, power management, thermal management, battery management and interface devices.  We also make serial EEPROMs.  Our synergistic product portfolio targets thousands of applications and a growing demand for high-performance designs in the automotive, communications, computing, consumer and industrial control markets.  Our quality systems are ISO/TS16949 (2002 version) certified.
 
Microchip Technology Incorporated was incorporated in Delaware in 1989.  In this Form 10-K, “we,” “us,” and “our” each refers to Microchip Technology Incorporated and its subsidiaries.  Our executive offices are located at 2355 West Chandler Boulevard, Chandler, Arizona 85224-6199 and our telephone number is (480) 792-7200.
 
Our Internet address is www.microchip.com.  We post the following filings on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission:
 
 
·
our annual report on Form 10-K
 
·
our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q
 
·
our current reports on Form 8-K
 
·
our proxy statement
 
·
any amendments to the above-listed reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
All SEC filings on our website are available free of charge.  The information on our website is not incorporated into this Form 10-K.

Industry Background
 
Competitive pressures require manufacturers of a wide variety of products to expand product functionality and provide differentiation while maintaining or reducing cost.  To address these requirements, manufacturers often use integrated circuit-based embedded control systems that enable them to:
 
 
·
differentiate their products
 
·
replace less efficient electromechanical control devices
 
·
reduce the number of components in their system
 
·
add product functionality
 
·
decrease time to market for their products
 
·
significantly reduce product cost
 
Embedded control systems have been incorporated into thousands of products and subassemblies in a wide variety of applications and markets worldwide, including:
 
 
·
automotive comfort, safety and entertainment applications
 
·
remote control devices
 
·
handheld tools
 
·
home appliances
 
·
portable computers
 
·
robotics
 
·
accessories
 
·
cordless and cellular telephones
 
·
motor controls
 
·
security systems
 
·
educational and entertainment devices
 
·
consumer electronics
 
·
power supplies
 
 
3

 
Embedded control systems typically incorporate a microcontroller as the principal active, and sometimes sole, component.  A microcontroller is a self-contained computer-on-a-chip consisting of a central processing unit, non-volatile program memory, random access memory for data storage and various input/output peripheral capabilities.  In addition to the microcontroller, a complete embedded control system incorporates application-specific software and may include specialized peripheral device controllers, non-volatile memory components such as EEPROMs, and various analog and interface products.
 
The increasing demand for embedded control has made the market for microcontrollers one of the larger segments of the semiconductor market at approximately $14 billion in calendar year 2008.  Microcontrollers are currently available in 4-bit through 32-bit architectures.  4-bit microcontrollers are the smallest segment of the microcontroller market and have been in decline for several years.  8-bit microcontrollers remain very cost-effective for a wide range of high volume embedded control applications and, as a result, continue to represent the largest portion of the overall microcontroller market.  16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers provide higher performance and functionality, and are generally found in more complex embedded control applications.
 
Our Products
 
Our strategic focus is on embedded control solutions, including:
 
 
·
microcontrollers
 
·
development tools
 
·
analog and interface products
 
·
memory products
 
We provide highly cost-effective embedded control solutions that also offer the advantages of small size, high performance, low voltage/power operation and ease of development, enabling timely and cost-effective embedded control product integration by our customers.
 
Microcontrollers
 
We offer a broad family of microcontroller products featuring our unique, proprietary architecture marketed under the PIC brand name.  We believe that our PIC product family is a price/performance leader in the worldwide microcontroller market.  We have shipped over 7 billion PIC microcontrollers to customers worldwide since their introduction in 1990.  Our PIC products are designed for applications requiring field programmability, high performance, low power and cost effectiveness.  They feature a variety of memory technology configurations, low voltage and power, small footprint and ease of use.  Our performance results from a product architecture which features dual data and instruction pathways, referred to as a Harvard dual-bus architecture; a Reduced Instruction Set Computer, referred to as RISC; and variable length instructions; all of which provide significant speed advantages over alternative single-bus, Complex Instruction Set Computer architectures, referred to as CISC.  With approximately 600 microcontrollers in our product portfolio, we target the 8-bit, 16-bit, and 32-bit microcontroller markets.
 
Digital Signal Controllers (DSC) are a subset of our 16-bit microcontroller offering.  Our dsPIC Digital Signal Controller families integrate the control features of high-performance 16-bit microcontrollers with the computation capabilities of Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), along with a wide variety of peripheral functions making them suitable for a large number of embedded control applications.  Our dsPIC product family offers a broad suite of hardware and software development tools, software application libraries, development boards and reference designs to ease and expedite the customer application development cycle.  With its field-re-programmability, large selection of peripheral functions, small footprint and ease of use, we believe that our dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers enlarge our addressable market.
 
We have used our manufacturing experience and design and process technology to bring additional enhancements and manufacturing efficiencies to the development and production of our PIC family of microcontroller products.  Our extensive experience base has enabled us to develop our advanced, low-cost user programmability feature by incorporating non-volatile memory, such as Flash, EEPROM and EPROM Memory, into the microcontroller, and to be a leader in reprogrammable microcontroller product offerings.
 
 
4

 
Development Tools
 
We offer a comprehensive set of low-cost and easy-to-learn application development tools.  These tools enable system designers to quickly and easily program a PIC microcontroller and dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers for specific applications and, we believe are a key factor for obtaining design wins.
 
Our family of development tools for PIC and dsPIC devices operates in the standard Windows® environment on standard PC hardware.  These tools range from entry-level systems, which include an assembler and programmer or in-circuit debugging hardware, to fully configured systems that provide in-circuit emulation hardware.  Customers moving from entry-level designs to those requiring real-time emulation are able to preserve their investment in learning and tools as they migrate to future PIC devices since all of our PIC and dsPIC development tools share the same integrated development environment.
 
Many independent companies also develop and market application development tools that support our standard microcontroller product architecture.  Currently, there are approximately 200 third-party tool suppliers worldwide whose products support our proprietary microcontroller architecture.
 
We believe that familiarity with and adoption of both our and third-party development tools by an increasing number of product designers will be an important factor in the future selection of our embedded control products.  These development tools allow design engineers to develop thousands of application-specific products from our standard microcontrollers.  To date, we have shipped more than 750,000 development tools.
 
Analog and Interface Products
 
Our analog and interface products consist of several families with over 550 power management, linear, mixed-signal, thermal management and interface products.  At the end of fiscal 2009, our mixed-signal analog and interface products were being shipped to more than 13,100 end customers.
 
We continue marketing and selling our analog and interface products into our existing microcontroller customer base, which we refer to as our analog “attach” strategy, as well as to new customers.  In addition to our “attach” strategy, we market and sell other products that may not fit our traditional PIC microcontroller and memory products customer base.  We market these, and all of our products, based on an application segment approach targeted to provide customers with application solutions.
 
Memory Products
 
Our memory products consist primarily of serial electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, referred to as Serial EEPROMs.  We sell these devices primarily into the embedded control market, and we are one of the largest suppliers of such devices worldwide.  Serial EEPROM products are used for non-volatile program and data storage in systems where such data must be either modified frequently or retained for long periods.  Serial EEPROMs have a very low I/O pin requirement, permitting production of very small devices.
 
Manufacturing
 
Our manufacturing operations include wafer fabrication and assembly and test.  The ownership of our manufacturing resources is an important component of our business strategy, enabling us to maintain a high level of manufacturing control resulting in us being one of the lowest cost producers in the embedded control industry.  By owning our wafer fabrication facilities and our assembly and test operations, and by employing statistical techniques (statistical process control, designed experiments and wafer level monitoring), we have been able to achieve and maintain high production yields.  Direct control over manufacturing resources allows us to shorten our design and production cycles.  This control also allows us to capture the wafer manufacturing and a portion of the assembly and testing profit margin.
 
Our manufacturing facilities are located in:
 
 
·
Tempe, Arizona (Fab 2)
 
·
Chandler, Arizona (probe operations)
 
·
Gresham, Oregon (Fab 4)
 
·
Bangkok, Thailand (assembly, probe and test)
 
Wafer Fabrication
 
Fab 2 currently produces 8-inch wafers and supports manufacturing processes from 0.35 to 5.0 microns.  During fiscal 2008 and the first half of fiscal 2009, Fab 2 operated at approximately 99% of its capacity.  In response to lower demand in the second half of fiscal 2009, we reduced the production levels of Fab 2 to about 60% of capacity.  Operating at lower percentages of capacity has a negative impact on our operating results due to the relatively high fixed costs inherent in wafer fabrication manufacturing.
 
 
5

 
We acquired Fab 4 in August 2002 and began production in October 2003.  Fab 4 currently produces 8-inch wafers using predominantly 0.22 to 0.5 micron manufacturing processes and is capable of supporting technologies below 0.18 microns.  Similar to Fab 2, Fab 4 was operating at about 100% of its active capacity during the first half of fiscal 2009.   We reduced the production levels of Fab 4 in the second half of fiscal 2009 to about 60% of its active capacity.  A significant amount of clean room capacity and equipment acquired with Fab 4 can be brought on line in the future to support incremental wafer fabrication capacity needs.  We believe the combined capacity of Fab 2 and Fab 4 will provide sufficient capacity to allow us to respond to increases in future demand over the next several years with modest incremental capital expenditures.
 
We continue to transition products to more advanced process technologies to reduce future manufacturing costs.  We believe that our ability to successfully transition to more advanced process technologies is important for us to remain competitive.
 
We outsource a small percentage of our wafer production requirements to third-party wafer foundries to augment our internal manufacturing capabilities.
 
Assembly and Test
 
We perform product assembly and testing at our facilities located near Bangkok, Thailand.  As of March 31, 2009, approximately 77% of our assembly requirements were being performed in our Thailand facility.  As of March 31, 2009, our Thailand facility was testing substantially all of our wafer production.  We use third-party assembly and test contractors in several Asian countries for the balance of our assembly and test requirements.
 
During fiscal 2009, we completed certain projects to increase capacity at our assembly and test operation in Thailand.  Due to lower demand in the second half of fiscal 2009, we are currently operating at levels significantly below the total operating capacity of our Thailand facility.
 
General Matters Impacting Our Manufacturing Operations
 
We employ proprietary design and manufacturing processes in developing our microcontroller and memory products.  We believe our processes afford us both cost-effective designs in existing and derivative products and greater functionality in new product designs.  While many of our competitors develop and optimize separate processes for their logic and memory product lines, we use a common process technology for both microcontroller and non-volatile memory products.  This allows us to more fully absorb our process research and development costs and to deliver new products to market more rapidly.  Our engineers utilize advanced Computer Aided Design tools and software to perform circuit design, simulation and layout, and our in-house photomask and wafer fabrication facilities enable us to rapidly verify design techniques by processing test wafers quickly and efficiently.
 
Due to the high fixed costs inherent in semiconductor manufacturing, consistently high manufacturing yields have significant positive effects on our gross profit and overall operating results.  Our continuous focus on manufacturing productivity has allowed us to maintain excellent manufacturing yields at our facilities.  Our manufacturing yields are primarily driven by a comprehensive implementation of statistical process control, extensive employee training and our effective use of our manufacturing facilities and equipment.  Maintenance of manufacturing productivity and yields are important factors in the achievement of our operating results.  The manufacture of integrated circuits, particularly non-volatile, erasable CMOS memory and logic devices, such as those that we produce, are complex processes.  These processes are sensitive to a wide variety of factors, including the level of contaminants in the manufacturing environment, impurities in the materials used and the performance of our manufacturing personnel and equipment.  As is typical in the semiconductor industry, we have from time to time experienced lower than anticipated manufacturing yields.  Our operating results will suffer if we are unable to maintain yields at approximately the current levels.
 
Historically, we have relied on our ability to respond quickly to customer orders as part of our competitive strategy, resulting in customers placing orders with relatively short delivery schedules.  In order to respond to such requirements, we must maintain a significant work in process and finished goods inventory.
 
At the end of fiscal 2009, we owned identifiable long-lived assets (consisting of property, plant and equipment) in the United States amounting to $368.1 million and $163.6 million in other countries, including $152.4 million in Thailand.  At the end of fiscal 2008, we owned identifiable long-lived assets in the United States amounting to $400.6 million and $121.7 million in other countries, including $113.1 million in Thailand.
 
Research and Development (R&D)
 
We are committed to continuing our investment in new and enhanced products, including development systems, and in our design and manufacturing process technologies.  We believe these investments are significant factors in maintaining our competitive position.  Our current R&D activities focus on the design of new microcontrollers, digital signal controllers, Serial EEPROM memory, analog and interface products, new development systems, software and application-specific software libraries.  We are also developing new design and process technologies to enable new products and innovative features as well as achieve further cost reductions and performance improvements in existing products.
 
 
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In fiscal 2009, our R&D expenses were $115.5 million, compared to $120.9 million in fiscal 2008 and $113.7 million in fiscal 2007.  R&D expenses included $10.9 million in fiscal 2009, $10.7 million in fiscal 2008 and $9.6 million in fiscal 2007 of share-based compensation as a result of the adoption of FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004) Share-Based Payment (SFAS No. 123R).
 
Sales and Distribution
 
General
 
We market our products worldwide primarily through a network of direct sales personnel and distributors.
 
Our direct sales force focuses on a wide variety of strategic accounts in three geographical markets: the Americas, Europe and Asia.  We currently maintain sales and technical support centers in major metropolitan areas in all three geographic markets.  We believe that a strong technical service presence is essential to the continued development of the embedded control market.  Many of our field sales engineers (FSEs), field application engineers (FAEs), and sales management have technical degrees or backgrounds and have been previously employed in high technology environments.  We believe that the technical knowledge of our sales force is a key competitive advantage in the sale of our products.  The primary mission of our FAE team is to provide technical assistance to customers and to conduct periodic training sessions for the balance of our sales team.  FAEs also frequently conduct technical seminars and workshops in major cities around the world.
 
Distribution
 
Our distributors focus primarily on servicing the product requirements of a broad base of diverse customers.  We believe that distributors provide an effective means of reaching this broad and diverse customer base.  We believe that customers recognize Microchip for its products and brand name and use distributors as an effective supply channel.
 
In each of fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2008, we derived 64% of our net sales through distributors and 36% of our net sales from customers serviced directly by Microchip.  In fiscal 2007, we derived 65% of our net sales through distributors and 35% of our net sales from customers serviced directly by Microchip.  Our largest distributor accounted for approximately 14% of our net sales in fiscal 2009, 12% of our net sales in fiscal 2008 and 11% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.  A second distributor accounted for approximately 10% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.  No other distributor or end customer accounted for more than 10% of our net sales in fiscal 2009, 2008 or 2007.
 
We do not have long-term agreements with our distributors and we, or our distributors, may each terminate our relationship with little or no advanced notice.  The loss of, or the disruption in the operations of, one or more of our distributors could reduce our future net sales in a given quarter and could result in an increase in inventory returns.
 
Sales by Geography
 
Sales by geography for fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

   
Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2009
         
2008
         
2007
       
Americas
  $ 228,922       25.3 %   $ 273,363       26.4 %   $ 287,371       27.6 %
Europe
    257,407       28.5       308,171       29.8       302,708       29.1  
Asia
    416,968       46.2       454,203       43.8       449,592       43.3  
                                                 
Total Sales
  $ 903,297       100.0 %   $ 1,035,737       100.0 %   $ 1,039,671       100.0 %

Sales to foreign customers accounted for approximately 75% of our net sales in each of fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2008 and 74% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.  Our sales to foreign customers have been predominately in Asia and Europe, which we attribute to the manufacturing strength in those areas for automotive, communications, computing, consumer and industrial control products.  Americas sales include sales to customers in the United States, Canada, Central America and South America.
 
Sales to customers in China, including Hong Kong, accounted for approximately 23% of our net sales in fiscal 2009, 20% of our net sales in fiscal 2008 and 18% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.  In each of fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, sales to customers in Taiwan accounted for approximately 10% of our net sales.  We did not have sales into any other foreign countries that exceeded 10% of our net sales during fiscal 2009, 2008 or 2007.
 
 
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Our international sales are predominately U.S. dollar denominated.  Although foreign sales are subject to certain government export restrictions, we have not experienced any material difficulties to date as a result of export restrictions.
 
The semiconductor industry is characterized by seasonality and wide fluctuations of supply and demand.  Since a significant portion of our revenue is from consumer markets and international sales, our business may be subject to seasonally lower revenues in the third and fourth quarters of our fiscal year.  In recent periods, adverse global economic conditions and weakness in the housing market have had a more significant impact on our results than seasonality, and has made it difficult to assess the impact of seasonal factors on our business.
 
Backlog
 
As of April 30, 2009, our backlog was approximately $135.5 million, compared to $225.7 million as of April 30, 2008.  Our backlog includes all purchase orders scheduled for delivery within the subsequent 12 months.
 
We primarily produce standard products that can be shipped from inventory within a short time after we receive an order.  Our business and, to a large extent, that of the entire semiconductor industry, is characterized by short-term orders and shipment schedules.  Orders constituting our current backlog are subject to changes in delivery schedules, or to cancellation at the customer’s option without significant penalty.  Thus, while backlog is useful for scheduling production, backlog as of any particular date may not be a reliable measure of sales for any future period.
 
Competition
 
The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and has been characterized by price erosion and rapid technological change.  We compete with major domestic and international semiconductor companies, many of which have greater market recognition and greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution and other resources than we have with which to pursue engineering, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of their products.  Furthermore, recent adverse economic conditions have resulted in a current over capacity in the semiconductor industry and excess capacity or improved product availability could adversely affect market pricing and our competitive position.
 
We currently compete principally on the basis of the technical innovation and performance of our embedded control products, including the following product characteristics:
 
 
·
speed
 
·
functionality
 
·
density
 
·
power consumption
 
·
reliability
 
·
packaging alternatives
 
We believe that other important competitive factors in the embedded control market include:
 
 
·
ease of use
 
·
functionality of application development systems
 
·
dependable delivery, quality and availability
 
·
technical service and support
 
·
price
 
We believe that we compete favorably with other companies on all of these factors, but we may be unable to compete successfully in the future, which could harm our business.
 
Patents, Licenses and Trademarks
 
We maintain a portfolio of U.S. and foreign patents, expiring on various dates between 2009 and 2027.  We also have numerous additional U.S. and foreign patent applications pending.  We do not expect that the expiration of any particular patent will have a material impact on our business.  While we intend to continue to seek patents on our inventions and manufacturing processes, we believe that our continued success depends primarily on the technological skills and innovative capabilities of our personnel and our ability to rapidly commercialize product developments, rather than on our patents.  Our existing patents and any new patents that are issued may not be of sufficient scope or strength to provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to us.  In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.
 
 
8

 
We have entered into certain intellectual property licenses and cross-licenses with other companies related to semiconductor products and manufacturing processes.  As is typical in the semiconductor industry, we and our customers have from time to time received, and may in the future receive, communications from third parties asserting patent or other intellectual property rights on certain of our products or technologies.  We investigate all such notices and respond as we believe is appropriate.  Based on industry practice, we believe that in most cases we can obtain any necessary licenses or other rights on commercially reasonable terms, but we cannot assure that all licenses would be on acceptable terms, that litigation would not ensue or that damages for any past infringement would not be assessed.  Litigation, which could result in substantial cost to us and require significant attention from management, may be necessary to enforce our patents or other intellectual property rights, or to defend us against claimed infringement of the rights of others.  The failure to obtain necessary licenses or other rights, or litigation arising out of infringement claims, could harm our business.
 
Environmental Regulation
 
We must comply with many different federal, state, local and foreign governmental regulations related to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of certain chemicals and gases used in our manufacturing processes.  Our facilities have been designed to comply with these regulations and we believe that our activities are conducted in compliance with such regulations.  Any changes in such regulations or in their enforcement could require us to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations.  Any failure by us to adequately control the storage, use and disposal of regulated substances could result in future liabilities.
 
Increasing public attention has been focused on the environmental impact of electronic manufacturing operations.  While we have not experienced any materially adverse effects on our operations from environmental regulations, our business and results of operations could suffer if for any reason we fail to control the use of, or to adequately restrict the discharge of, hazardous substances under present or future environmental regulations.
 
Employees
 
As of March 31, 2009, we had 4,895 employees.  None of our employees are represented by a labor organization.  We have never had a work stoppage and believe that our employee relations are good.
 
Executive Officers of the Registrant
 
The following sets forth certain information regarding our executive officers as of April 30, 2009:

Name
Age
Position
Steve Sanghi
53
Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
Ganesh Moorthy
49
Executive Vice President
J. Eric Bjornholt
38
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
Stephen V. Drehobl
47
Vice President, Security, Microcontroller and Technology Division
David S. Lambert
57
Vice President, Fab Operations
Mitchell R. Little
57
Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Applications
Richard J. Simoncic
45
Vice President, Analog and Interface Products Division

Mr. Sanghi has been President since August 1990, CEO since October 1991, and Chairman of the Board since October 1993.  He has served as a director since August 1990.  Mr. Sanghi holds an M.S. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Massachusetts and a B.S. degree in Electronics and Communication from Punjab University, India.  Since May 2004, he has been a member of the Board of Directors of Xyratex Ltd., a storage and network technology company.  Since May 2007, he has been a member of the Board of Directors of FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology).
 
Mr. Moorthy has served as Executive Vice President since October 2006 and served as a Vice President in various roles since he joined Microchip in 2001.  Prior to this time, he served in various executive capacities with other semiconductor companies.  Mr. Moorthy holds an M.B.A. in Marketing from National University, a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Washington and a B.S. degree in Physics from the University of Mumbai.
 
Mr. Bjornholt has served as Vice President since 2008 and Chief Financial Officer since January 1, 2009.  He has served in various financial management capacities since he joined Microchip in 1995.  Mr. Bjornholt holds a Masters degree in Taxation from Arizona State University and a B.S. degree in accounting from the University of Arizona.
 
Mr. Drehobl has served as Vice President of the Security, Microcontroller, and Technology Division since July 2001. He has been employed by Microchip since August 1989 and has served as a Vice President in various roles since February 1997.  Mr. Drehobl holds a Bachelor of Technology degree from the University of Dayton.
 
Mr. Lambert has served as Vice President, Fab Operations since November 1993.  From 1991 to November 1993, he served as Director of Manufacturing Engineering, and from 1989 to 1991, he served as Engineering Manager of Fab Operations.  Mr. Lambert holds a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Cincinnati.
 
 
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Mr. Little has served as Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Applications since July 2000.  He has been employed by Microchip since 1989 and has served as a Vice President in various roles since September 1993.  Mr. Little holds a B.S. degree in Engineering Technology from United Electronics Institute.
 
Mr. Simoncic has served as Vice President, Analog and Interface Products Division since September 1999.  From October 1995 to September 1999, he served as Vice President in various roles.  Joining Microchip in 1990, Mr. Simoncic held various roles in Design, Device/Yield Engineering and Quality Systems.  Mr. Simoncic holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering Technology from DeVry Institute of Technology.

RISK FACTORS
 
When evaluating Microchip and its business, you should give careful consideration to the factors listed below, in addition to the information provided elsewhere in this Form 10-K and in other documents that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 
Our operating results have been adversely impacted by global economic conditions and may fluctuate due to a number of other factors that could reduce our net sales and profitability.
 
Our operating results are affected by a wide variety of factors that could reduce our net sales and profitability, many of which are beyond our control.  Some of the factors that may affect our operating results include:
 
 
 
·
changes in demand or market acceptance of our products and products of our customers;
 
·
levels of inventories at our customers;
 
·
the mix of inventory we hold and our ability to satisfy orders from our inventory;
 
·
changes in utilization of our manufacturing capacity and fluctuations in manufacturing yields;
 
·
our ability to secure sufficient assembly and testing capacity;
 
·
availability of raw materials and equipment;
 
·
competitive developments including pricing pressures;
 
·
the level of orders that are received and can be shipped in a quarter;
 
·
the level of sell-through of our products through distribution;
 
·
fluctuations in the mix of products;
 
·
changes or fluctuations in customer order patterns and seasonality;
 
·
constrained availability from other electronic suppliers impacting our customers’ ability to ship their products, which in turn may adversely impact our sales to those customers;
 
·
costs and outcomes of any current or future tax audits or any litigation involving intellectual property, customers or other issues;
 
·
changes in tax regulations and policies in the U.S. and other countries in which we do business;
 
·
disruptions in our business or our customers’ businesses due to terrorist activity, armed conflict, war, worldwide oil prices and supply, public health concerns or disruptions in the transportation system;
 
property damage or other losses, whether or not covered by insurance; and
 
·
general economic, industry or political conditions in the U.S. or internationally.
 
We believe that period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not necessarily meaningful and that you should not rely upon any such comparisons as indications of future performance. In future periods our operating results may fall below our public guidance or the expectations of public market analysts and investors, which would likely have a negative effect on the price of our common stock.  The recent downturn in global economic conditions has adversely impacted our operating results and makes comparability between periods less meaningful.
 
Our operating results will suffer if we ineffectively utilize our manufacturing capacity or fail to maintain manufacturing yields.
 
The manufacture and assembly of integrated circuits, particularly non-volatile, erasable CMOS memory and logic devices such as those that we produce, are complex processes.  These processes are sensitive to a wide variety of factors, including the level of contaminants in the manufacturing environment, impurities in the materials used, the performance of our wafer fabrication personnel and equipment, and other quality issues.  As is typical in the semiconductor industry, we have from time to time experienced lower than anticipated manufacturing yields.  Our operating results will suffer if we are unable to maintain yields at approximately the current levels.  This could include delays in the recognition of revenue, loss of revenue or future orders, and customer-imposed penalties for failure to meet contractual shipment deadlines.  Our operating results are also adversely affected when we operate at less than optimal capacity.  In the quarter ended March 31, 2009, we reduced wafer starts in both Fab 2 and Fab 4, implemented rotating unpaid time off and had, and continue to have, multiple planned shutdowns in our Thailand facility.  These actions were implemented to help control inventory levels in response to current and expected adverse economic conditions.  This lower capacity utilization resulted in certain costs being charged directly to expense and lower gross margins.  We are unable to predict when we will be able to return to more optimal levels of capacity utilization.
 
 
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We are dependent on orders that are received and shipped in the same quarter and are therefore limited in our visibility of future product shipments.
 
Our net sales in any given quarter depend upon a combination of shipments from backlog and orders received in that quarter for shipment in that quarter, which we refer to as turns orders.  We measure turns orders at the beginning of a quarter based on the orders needed to meet the shipment targets that we set entering the quarter.  Historically, we have relied on our ability to respond quickly to customer orders as part of our competitive strategy, resulting in customers placing orders with relatively short delivery schedules.  Shorter lead times generally mean that turns orders as a percentage of our business are relatively high in any particular quarter and reduces our backlog visibility on future product shipments.  Turns orders correlate to overall semiconductor industry conditions and product lead times.  Because turns orders are difficult to predict, varying levels of turns orders make our net sales more difficult to forecast.  If we do not achieve a sufficient level of turns orders in a particular quarter relative to our revenue targets, our revenue and operating results may suffer.  For example, in the quarter ended December 31, 2008, we and the semiconductor industry in general did not achieve the level of turns orders required to meet our targets which adversely impacted our revenue and results of operations for the December quarter.
 
Intense competition in the markets we serve may lead to pricing pressures, reduced sales of our products or reduced market share.
 
The semiconductor industry is intensely competitive and has been characterized by price erosion and rapid technological change.  We compete with major domestic and international semiconductor companies, many of which have greater market recognition and substantially greater financial, technical, marketing, distribution and other resources than we do.  We may be unable to compete successfully in the future, which could harm our business.  Our ability to compete successfully depends on a number of factors both within and outside our control, including, but not limited to:
 
 
·
the quality, performance, reliability, features, ease of use, pricing and diversity of our products;
 
·
our success in designing and manufacturing new products including those implementing new technologies;
 
·
the rate at which customers incorporate our products into their own applications;
 
·
product introductions by our competitors;
 
·
the number, nature and success of our competitors in a given market;
 
·
our ability to obtain adequate supplies of raw materials and other supplies at acceptable prices;
 
·
our ability to protect our products and processes by effective utilization of intellectual property rights;
 
·
our ability to address the needs of our customers; and
 
·
general market and economic conditions.
 
Historically, average selling prices in the semiconductor industry decrease over the life of any particular product.  The overall average selling prices of our microcontroller and proprietary analog and interface products have remained relatively constant, while average selling prices of our Serial EEPROM and non-proprietary analog and interface products have declined over time.
 
We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, modest pricing declines in certain of our more mature proprietary product lines, due primarily to competitive conditions.  We have been able to moderate average selling price declines in many of our proprietary product lines by continuing to introduce new products with more features and higher prices.  However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future.  We have experienced in the past, and expect to continue to experience in the future, varying degrees of competitive pricing pressures in our Serial EEPROM and non-proprietary analog products.  We may be unable to maintain average selling prices for our products as a result of increased pricing pressure in the future, which could adversely impact our operating results.
 
Our business is dependent on selling through distributors.
 
Sales through distributors accounted for approximately 64% of our net sales in each of fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2008 and approximately 65% of net sales in fiscal 2007.  Our largest distributor accounted for approximately 14% of our net sales in fiscal 2009, approximately 12% of our net sales in fiscal 2008 and approximately 11% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.  We do not have long-term agreements with our distributors and we and our distributors may each terminate our relationship with little or no advance notice.
 
Continued adverse conditions in the U.S. and global economies and in the U.S. and global credit markets could materially impact the operations of our distributors.  Any deterioration in the financial condition of our distributors or any disruption in the operations of our distributors could adversely impact the flow of our products to our end customers and adversely impact our results of operation.  In addition, during an industry and/or economic downturn, it is possible there will be an oversupply of products and a decrease in sell-through of our products by our distributors which could reduce our net sales in a given period and result in an increase in inventory returns.
 
 
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Recent credit and equity market conditions have adversely impacted our holdings of auction rate securities, investments and trading securities which has had a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
 
At March 31, 2009, $46.8 million of the fair value of our investment portfolio was invested in auction rate securities (ARS).  Historically, the carrying value of ARS approximated fair value due to the frequent resetting of the interest rates.  With the continuing liquidity issues in the global credit and capital markets, our ARS have experienced multiple failed auctions.  As a result, we will not be able to access such funds until a future auction on these investments is successful.  In November 2008, we executed an ARS rights agreement (the Rights) with the broker through which we purchased $31.9 million of our ARS that provides (1) us with the right to put these ARS back to the broker at par anytime during the period from June 30, 2010 through July 2, 2012, and (2) the broker with the right to purchase or sell the ARS at par on our behalf anytime through July 2, 2012.  We accounted for the acceptance of the Rights as the receipt of a put option for no consideration and recognized a gain with a corresponding recognition as a long-term investment.  We elected to measure the Rights under the fair value option of SFAS No. 159 and will record changes in the fair value of the Rights in earnings.  We simultaneously recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $5.5 million as we no longer intend to hold the ARS to a time where the fair value recovers, which was recorded in other comprehensive loss in prior quarters.  We have reclassified the ARS from available-for-sale to trading securities and future changes in fair value will be recorded in earnings.  We expect any future changes in the fair value of the ARS to be largely offset by changes in the fair value of the related Rights without any significant net impact to our income statement.  We will continue to measure the ARS and the Rights at fair value (utilizing Level 3 inputs) until the earlier of their maturity or exercise.
 
The fair value of our failed ARS has been estimated based on market information and estimates determined by management and could change significantly based on market conditions.  Based on the estimated values, we concluded these investments were other than temporarily impaired and recognized an impairment charge on these investments of $2.4 million during fiscal 2008 and $3.6 million during fiscal 2009.  If the issuers are unable to successfully close future auctions or if their credit ratings deteriorate further, we may be required to further adjust the carrying value of the investments through an additional impairment charge to earnings.
 
The substantial majority of our short and long-term investments are in highly rated government agency bonds and municipal bonds.  Other than with respect to our holdings of ARS, we have not experienced any liquidity or impairment issues with such investments.  However, the credit markets have continued to be highly volatile and there can be no assurance that these conditions will not in the future adversely affect the liquidity or value of our investments in government agency bonds or municipal bonds.
 
Our investment in marketable equity securities at March 31, 2009 consisted of shares of common stock, the value of which is determined by the closing prices of such shares on the respective markets on which the shares are traded as of the balance sheet date. These investments are classified as trading securities and accounted for under the provisions of SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. The market value of these investments was approximately $79.5 million at March 31, 2009 compared to our cost basis of approximately $85.5 million. The value of our investments in marketable equity securities would be materially impacted if there were a significant change in the market price of the shares.  Additionally, we have sold put options on some of our trading securities, which are recorded as accrued liabilities, and are marked to market value.  A decline in the stock price of the underlying security prior to the expiration date of the puts would cause an increase to the liability, which would result in a charge to our results of operations, and could result in the put being exercised by the holder.  If the put is exercised by the holder, we could be required to pay up to $11.0 million for additional shares of the common stock, at a price potentially in excess of the then fair market value of the common stock which would result in a charge to our results of operations.  As a result, any fluctuations in the value of our marketable securities could result in unexpected fluctuations in our financial results.
 
Our success depends on our ability to introduce new products on a timely basis.
 
Our future operating results will depend on our ability to develop and introduce new products on a timely basis that can compete effectively on the basis of price and performance and which address customer requirements.  The success of our new product introductions depends on various factors, including, but not limited to:
 
 
·
proper new product selection;
 
·
timely completion and introduction of new product designs;
 
·
availability of development and support tools and collateral literature that make complex new products easy for engineers to understand and use; and
 
·
market acceptance of our customers’ end products.
 
 
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Because our products are complex, we have experienced delays from time to time in completing development of new products.  In addition, our new products may not receive or maintain substantial market acceptance.  We may be unable to design, develop and introduce competitive products on a timely basis, which could adversely impact our future operating results.
 
Our success also depends upon our ability to develop and implement new design and process technologies.  Semiconductor design and process technologies are subject to rapid technological change and require significant R&D expenditures.  We and other companies in the industry have, from time to time, experienced difficulties in effecting transitions to advanced process technologies and, consequently, have suffered reduced manufacturing yields or delays in product deliveries.  Our future operating results could be adversely affected if any transition to future process technologies is substantially delayed or inefficiently implemented.
 
We must attract and retain qualified personnel to be successful and competition for qualified personnel can be intense.
 
Our success depends upon the efforts and abilities of our senior management, engineering and other personnel.  The competition for qualified engineering and management personnel can be intense.
 
We may be unsuccessful in retaining our existing key personnel or in attracting and retaining additional key personnel that we require.  The loss of the services of one or more of our key personnel or the inability to add key personnel could harm our business.  We have no employment agreements with any member of our senior management team. 
 
We are dependent on several contractors to perform key manufacturing functions for us.
 
We use several contractors located in Asia for a portion of the assembly and testing of our products. We also rely on outside wafer foundries for a portion of our wafer fabrication.  Although we own the majority of our manufacturing resources, the disruption or termination of any of our contractors could harm our business and operating results.
 
Our use of third parties involves some reduction in our level of control over the portions of our business that we subcontract.  Our future operating results could suffer if any contractor were to experience financial, operations or production difficulties or situations when demand exceeds capacity, or if they were unable to maintain manufacturing yields, assembly and test yields and costs at approximately their current levels, or if due to their locations in foreign countries they were to experience political upheaval or infrastructure disruption.  Further, procurement of required products and services from third parties is done by purchase order and contracts.  If these third parties are unable or unwilling to timely deliver products or services conforming to our quality standards, we may not be able to qualify additional manufacturing sources for our products in a timely manner or at all, and such arrangements, if any, may not be on favorable terms to us.  In such event, we could experience an interruption in production, an increase in manufacturing and production costs, decline in product reliability, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
 
We may lose sales if our suppliers of raw materials and equipment fail to meet our needs.
 
Our semiconductor manufacturing operations require raw materials and equipment that must meet exacting standards.  We generally have more than one source for these supplies, but there are only a limited number of suppliers capable of delivering various raw materials and equipment that meet our standards.  The raw materials and equipment necessary for our business could become more difficult to obtain as worldwide use of semiconductors in product applications increases.  We have experienced supply shortages from time to time in the past, and on occasion our suppliers have told us they need more time than expected to fill our orders or that they will no longer support certain equipment with updates or spare and replacements parts.  An interruption of any raw materials or equipment sources, or the lack of supplier support for a particular piece of equipment, could harm our business.
 
Our operating results may be impacted by both seasonality and the wide fluctuations of supply and demand in the semiconductor industry.
 
The semiconductor industry is characterized by seasonality and wide fluctuations of supply and demand.  Since a significant portion of our revenue is from consumer markets and international sales, our business may be subject to seasonally lower revenues in the third and fourth quarters of our fiscal year.  However, fluctuations in our overall business in certain recent periods, semiconductor industry conditions and adverse global economic conditions have had a more significant impact on our results than seasonality, and has made it difficult to assess the impact of seasonal factors on our business.  The industry has also experienced significant economic downturns, characterized by diminished product demand and production over-capacity.  We have sought to reduce our exposure to this industry cyclically by selling proprietary products that cannot be easily or quickly replaced to a geographically diverse base of customers across a broad range of market segments.  However, we have experienced substantial period-to-period fluctuations in operating results and expect, in the future, to experience period-to-period fluctuations in operating results due to general industry or economic conditions.  In particular, our business and operating results have been adversely impacted by continuing adverse global economic conditions.

 
13

 
 
We are exposed to various risks related to legal proceedings or claims.
 
We are currently, and in the future may be, involved in legal proceedings or claims regarding patent infringement, intellectual property rights, contracts and other matters.  As is typical in the semiconductor industry, we receive notifications from customers from time to time who believe that we owe them indemnification or other obligations related to infringement claims made against the customers by third parties.  These legal proceedings and claims, whether with or without merit, could result in substantial cost to us and divert our resources.  If we are not able to resolve a claim, negotiate a settlement of a matter, obtain necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, reengineer our products or processes to avoid infringement, and/or successfully prosecute or defend our position, we could incur uninsured liability in any of them, be required to take an appropriate charge to operations, be enjoined from selling a material portion of our products or using certain processes, suffer a reduction or elimination in the value of our inventories, and our business, financial condition or results of operations could be harmed.
 
It is also possible that from time to time we may be subject to claims related to the performance or use of our products.  These claims may be due to products’ nonconformance to our specifications, or specifications agreed upon with the customer, changes in our manufacturing processes, and unexpected end customer system issues due to the interaction with our products or insufficient design or testing by our customers.  We could incur significant expenses related to such matters, including costs related to writing off the value of inventory of nonconforming products; recalling nonconforming products; providing support services, product replacements, or modification to products; the defense of such claims; diversion of resources from other projects; lost revenue or a delay in the recognition of revenue due to cancellation of orders and unpaid receivables; customer imposed fines or penalties for failure to meet contractual requirements; and a requirement to pay damages. 
 
Because the systems into which our products are integrated have a higher cost of goods than the products we sell, these expenses and damages may be significantly higher than the sales and profits we received from the products involved.  While we specifically exclude consequential damages in our standard terms and conditions, our ability to avoid such liabilities may be limited by applicable law.  We do have liability insurance which covers damages arising out of product defects, but we do not expect that insurance will cover all claims or be of a sufficient amount to fully protect against such claims.  Costs or payments we may make in connection with these customer claims may adversely affect the results of our operations.
 
Further, we sell to customers in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and medical, where failure of the systems in which our products are integrated could cause damage to property or persons.  We may be subject to claims if our products, or interactions with our products, cause the system failures.  We will face increased exposure to claims if there are substantial increases in either the volume of our sales into these applications or the frequency of system failures integrating our products.
 
Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property could result in lost revenue or market opportunities.
 
Our ability to obtain patents, licenses and other intellectual property rights covering our products and manufacturing processes is important for our success.  To that end, we have acquired certain patents and patent licenses and intend to continue to seek patents on our inventions and manufacturing processes.  The process of seeking patent protection can be long and expensive, and patents may not be issued from currently pending or future applications.  In addition, our existing patents and any new patents that are issued may not be of sufficient scope or strength to provide meaningful protection or any commercial advantage to us.  We may be subject to or may ourselves initiate interference proceedings in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, which can require significant financial and management resources.  In addition, the laws of certain foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.  Infringement of our intellectual property rights by a third party could result in uncompensated lost market and revenue opportunities for us.
 
Our operating results may be adversely impacted if economic conditions impact the financial viability of our customers, distributors, or suppliers.
 
We regularly review the financial performance of our customers, distributors and suppliers.  However, global economic conditions may adversely impact the financial viability of our customers, distributors or suppliers. The financial failure of a large customer or distributor, an important supplier, or a group thereof, could have an adverse impact on our operating results and could result in us not being able to collect our accounts receivable balances.
 
We do not typically have long-term contracts with our customers.
 
We do not typically enter into long-term contracts with our customers and we cannot be certain about future order levels from our customers.  When we do enter into customer contracts, the contract is generally cancelable at the convenience of the customer.  Even though we have approximately 63,000 customers and our ten largest direct customers made up approximately 9% of our total revenue for the year ended March 31, 2009, cancellation of customer contracts could have an adverse financial impact on our revenue and profits.
 
 
14

 
Further, as the practice has become more commonplace in the industry, we have entered into contracts with certain customers that differ from our standard terms of sale.  Under these contracts we commit to supply quantities of products on scheduled delivery dates.  If we become unable to supply the customer as required under the contract, the customer may incur additional production costs, lost revenues due to subsequent delays in their own manufacturing schedule, or quality related issues.  Under these contracts, we may be liable for the costs the customer has incurred.  While we try to limit such liabilities, if they should arise, there may be a material adverse impact on our results of operation and financial condition.
 
Business interruptions could harm our business.
 
Operations at any of our facilities, or at any of our wafer fabrication or assembly and test subcontractors, may be disrupted for reasons beyond our control, including work stoppages, power loss, incidents of terrorism or security risk, political instability, public health issues, telecommunications, transportation or other infrastructure failure, fire, earthquake, floods, or other natural disasters.  If operations at any of our facilities, or our subcontractors’ facilities are interrupted, we may not be able to shift production to other facilities on a timely basis.  If this occurs, we would likely experience delays in shipments of products to our customers and alternate sources for production may be unavailable on acceptable terms.  This could result in reduced revenues and profits and the cancellation of orders or loss of customers.  In addition, business interruption insurance will likely not be enough to compensate us for any losses that may occur and any losses or damages incurred by us as a result of business interruptions could significantly harm our business.
 
We are highly dependent on foreign sales and operations, which exposes us to foreign political and economic risks.
 
Sales to foreign customers account for a substantial portion of our net sales.  During each of fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2008, approximately 75% of our net sales were made to foreign customers. We purchase a substantial portion of our raw materials and equipment from foreign suppliers.  In addition, we own product assembly and testing facilities located near Bangkok, Thailand, which has experienced periods of political uncertainty in the past.  We also use various foreign contractors for a portion of our assembly and testing and for a portion of our wafer fabrication requirements.  Substantially all of our finished goods inventory is maintained in Thailand.
 
Our reliance on foreign operations, foreign suppliers, maintenance of substantially all of our finished goods inventory at foreign locations and significant foreign sales exposes us to foreign political and economic risks, including, but not limited to:
 
 
·
political, social and economic instability;
 
·
public health conditions;
 
·
trade restrictions and changes in tariffs;
 
·
import and export license requirements and restrictions;
 
·
difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;
 
·
employment regulations;
 
·
disruptions in international transport or delivery;
 
·
difficulties in collecting receivables;
 
·
economic slowdown in the worldwide markets served by us; and
 
·
potentially adverse tax consequences.
 
If any of these risks materialize, our sales could decrease and/or our operating results could suffer.
 
Fluctuations in foreign currency could impact our operating results.  We use forward currency exchange contracts to reduce the adverse earnings impact from the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on our non-U.S. dollar net balance sheet exposures.  Nevertheless, in periods when the U.S. dollar significantly fluctuates in relation to the non-U.S. currencies in which we transact business, the value of non-U.S. dollar transactions can have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
 
Interruptions in our information technology systems could adversely affect our business.
 
We rely on the efficient and uninterrupted operation of complex information technology systems and networks to operate our business.  Any significant system or network disruption, including but not limited to new system implementations, computer viruses, security breaches, or energy blackouts could have a material adverse impact on our operations, sales and operating results.  We have implemented measures to manage our risks related to such disruptions, but such disruptions could still occur and negatively impact our operations and financial results.  In addition, we may incur additional costs to remedy the damages caused by these disruptions or security breaches.

 
15

 
 
The occurrence of events for which we are self-insured, or which exceed our insurance limits, may adversely affect our profitability and liquidity.
 
We have insurance contracts with independent insurance companies related to many different types of risk; however, we self-insure for some potentially significant risks and obligations. In these circumstances, we have determined that it is more cost effective to self-insure certain risks than to pay the increased premium costs in place since the disruption in the insurance market after the events of September 11, 2001.  The risks and exposures that we self-insure include, but are not limited to, certain property, product defects, political risks, and patent infringement.  Should there be a loss or adverse judgment or other decision in an area for which we are self-insured, then our financial condition, result of operations and liquidity may be adversely affected.
 
We are subject to stringent environmental regulations, which may force us to incur significant expenses.
 
We must comply with many different federal, state, local and foreign governmental regulations related to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals used in our products and manufacturing processes.  Our failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in the imposition of fines, suspension of production or a cessation of operations.  Such environmental regulations have required us in the past and could require us in the future to acquire costly equipment or to incur other significant expenses to comply with such regulations.  Any failure by us to control the use of or adequately restrict the discharge of hazardous substances could subject us to future liabilities.  Environmental problems may occur that could subject us to future costs or liabilities.
 
Over the past few years, there has been an expansion in environmental laws focusing on reducing or eliminating hazardous substances in electronic products.  For example, the EU RoHS Directive provided that beginning on July 1, 2006, electronic products sold into Europe were required to meet stringent chemical restrictions, including the absence of lead. Other countries, such as the U.S., China and Korea, have enacted or may enact laws or regulations similar to those of the EU.  These and other future environmental regulations could require us to reengineer certain of our existing products and may make it more expensive for us to manufacture and sell our products.  Over the last several years, the number and complexity of laws focused on the energy efficiency of electronic products and accessories; the recycling of electronic products; and the reduction in quantity and the recycling of packaging materials have expanded significantly.  It may be difficult for us to timely comply with these laws and we may not have sufficient quantities of compliant products to meet customers’ needs, thereby adversely impacting our sales and profitability.  We may also have to write off inventory in the event that we hold inventory that is not saleable as a result of changes to regulations.  We expect these trends to continue.  In addition, we anticipate increased customer requirements to meet voluntary criteria related to the reduction or elimination of hazardous substances in our products and energy efficiency measures.
 
Regulatory authorities in jurisdictions into which we ship our products could levy fines or restrict our ability to export products.
 
A significant portion of our sales are made outside of the U.S. through the exporting and re-exporting of products.  In addition to local jurisdictions’ export regulations, our U.S.-manufactured products or products based on U.S. technology are subject to Export Administration Regulations (EAR) when exported and re-exported to and from international jurisdictions.  Licenses or proper license exceptions may be required for the shipment of our products to certain countries.  Non-compliance with EAR or other export regulations can result in penalties including denial of export privileges, fines, criminal penalties, and seizure of products.  Such penalties could have a material adverse effect on our business including our ability to meet our net sales and earnings targets.
 
The outcome of currently ongoing and future examinations of our income tax returns by the IRS could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
 
We are subject to continued examination of our income tax returns by the IRS and other tax authorities for fiscal 2002 and later, other than fiscal 2005.  We regularly assess the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from these examinations to determine the adequacy of our provision for income taxes.  There can be no assurance that the outcomes from these continuing examinations will not have an adverse effect on our future operating results.
 
The future trading price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors.
 
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly in the past and is likely to fluctuate in the future.  The future trading price of our common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:
 
 
·
quarterly variations in our operating results and the operating results of other technology companies;
 
·
actual or anticipated announcements of technical innovations or new products by us or our competitors;
 
·
changes in analysts’ estimates of our financial performance or buy/sell recommendations;
 
·
changes in our financial guidance or our failure to meet such guidance;
 
·
general conditions in the semiconductor industry; and
 
·
global economic and financial conditions.
 
In addition, the stock market has recently experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices for many companies and that often have been unrelated to the operating performance of such companies.  These broad market fluctuations and other factors have harmed and may harm the market price of our common stock.
 
 
16

 
In the event we make acquisitions, we may not be able to successfully integrate such acquisitions or attain the anticipated benefits.
 
We may consider strategic acquisitions if such opportunities arise.  Any transactions that we consider may involve a number of risks including the diversion of our management’s attention from our existing business for those transactions that we complete, or possible adverse effects on our operating results during the integration process.  In addition, we may not be able to successfully or profitably integrate, operate, maintain and manage any newly acquired operations or employees.  We may not be able to maintain uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies, which may lead to operational inefficiencies.
 
We have not historically maintained substantial levels of indebtedness, and our financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we do not effectively manage our liabilities.
 
As a result of our sale of $1.15 billion of 2.125% junior subordinated convertible debentures in December 2007, we have a substantially greater amount of long-term debt than we have maintained in the past.  Our maintenance of substantial levels of debt could adversely affect our ability to take advantage of corporate opportunities and could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.  We may need or desire to refinance all or a portion of our debentures or any other future indebtedness that we incur on or before the maturity of the debentures.  There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.
 
Conversion of our debentures will dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders, including holders who had previously converted their debentures.
 
The conversion of some or all of our outstanding debentures will dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders to the extent we deliver common stock upon conversion of the debentures.  Upon conversion, we may satisfy our conversion obligation by delivering cash, shares of common stock or any combination, at our option.  If upon conversion we elect to deliver cash for the lesser of the conversion value and principal amount of the debentures, we would pay the holder the cash value of the applicable number of shares of our common stock.  Upon conversion, we intend to satisfy the lesser of the principal amount or the conversion value of the debentures in cash.  If the conversion value of a debenture exceeds the principal amount of the debenture, we may also elect to deliver cash in lieu of common stock for the conversion value in excess of one thousand dollars principal amount (conversion spread).  There would be no adjustment to the numerator in the net income per common share computation for the cash settled portion of the debentures as that portion of the debt instrument will always be settled in cash.  The conversion spread will be included in the denominator for the computation of diluted net income per common share.  Any sales in the public market of any common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock.  In addition, the existence of the debentures may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the debentures could be used to satisfy short positions, or anticipated conversion of the debentures into shares of our common stock could depress the price of our common stock.
 
There will likely be new accounting pronouncements or regulatory rulings which may have an adverse impact on our future financial condition and results of operations.
 
There will likely be new accounting pronouncements or regulatory rulings, which may have an adverse impact on our future financial condition and results of operations.  For example, in May 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. APB 14-1, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments that May be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (FSP APB 14-1), that alters the accounting treatment for convertible debt that allows for either mandatory or optional cash settlements, including our outstanding debentures.  FSP APB 14-1 requires the issuer to separately account for the liability and equity components of the instrument in a manner that reflects the issuer’s economic interest cost.  Further, FSP APB 14-1 requires bifurcation of a component of the debt, classification of that component as equity, and then accretion of the resulting discount on the debt to result in the “economic interest cost” being reflected in the consolidated statements of income.  In issuing FSP APB 14-1, the FASB emphasized that FSP APB 14-1 will be applied to the terms of the instruments as they existed for the time periods presented, therefore, the application of FSP APB 14-1 would be applied retrospectively to all periods presented.  FSP APB 14-1 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and will require retrospective application.  We will be required to implement the proposed standard during the first quarter of fiscal 2010, which begins on April 1, 2009.  Although FSP APB 14-1 will have no impact on our actual past or future cash flows, it will require us to record a significant amount of non-cash interest expense as the debt discount is amortized.  In addition, if our convertible debt is redeemed or converted prior to maturity, any unamortized debt discount would result in a loss on extinguishment.  As a result, there could be a material adverse impact on our results of operations and earnings per share.  These impacts could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock and the trading price of our debentures.
 
 
17

 
Recently proposed U.S. tax legislation regarding our foreign earnings could materially impact our business and financial results.
 
Currently, a majority of our revenue is generated from customers located outside the U.S., and a substantial portion of our assets, including employees, are located outside the U.S.  Present U.S. income taxes and foreign withholding taxes have not been provided on undistributed earnings for certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries, because such earnings are intended to be indefinitely reinvested in the operations of those subsidiaries.  President Obama’s administration has recently announced initiatives that would substantially reduce our ability to defer U.S. taxes including, repealing the deferral of U.S. taxation of foreign earnings, eliminating utilization of or substantially reducing our ability to claim foreign tax credits, and eliminating various tax deductions until foreign earnings are repatriated to the U.S.  If any of these proposals are constituted into legislation, they could have a negative impact on our financial position and results of operations.
 
Item 1B.              UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
 
None.
 
Item 2.                 PROPERTIES
 
At March 31, 2009, we owned the facilities described below:
 

Location
Approximate
Total Sq. Ft.
Uses
Chandler, Arizona
415,000
Executive and Administrative Offices; Wafer Probe; R&D Center; Sales and Marketing; and Computer and Service Functions
Tempe, Arizona
379,000
Wafer Fabrication (Fab 2); R&D Center; Administrative Offices; and Warehousing
Gresham, Oregon
826,500
Wafer Fabrication (Fab 4); R&D Center; Administrative Offices; and Warehousing
Chacherngsao, Thailand
489,000
Test and Assembly; Wafer Probe; Sample Center; Warehousing; and Administrative Offices
Bangalore, India
67,174
Research and Development; Marketing Support; and Administrative Offices

 
In addition to the facilities we own, we lease several research and development facilities and sales offices in North America, Europe and Asia.  Our aggregate monthly rental payment for our leased facilities is approximately $0.5 million.
 
We currently believe that our existing facilities are suitable and will be adequate to meet our production requirements for at least the next 12 months.
 
See page 32 for a discussion of the capacity utilization of our manufacturing facilities.
 
Item 3.                      LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
In the ordinary course of our business, we are involved in a limited number of legal actions, both as plaintiff and defendant, and could incur uninsured liability in any one or more of them.  We also periodically receive notification from various third parties alleging infringement of patents, intellectual property rights or other matters.  With respect to these pending legal actions to which we are a party, although the outcome of these actions is not presently determinable, we believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not harm our business and will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations.  Litigation relating to the semiconductor industry is not uncommon, and we are, and from time to time have been, subject to such litigation.   No assurances can be given with respect to the extent or outcome of any such litigation in the future.
 
On April 18, 2008, LSI Logic and its wholly owned subsidiary Agere, filed both an action with the International Trade Commission and a complaint in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging patent infringement by Microchip and 22 other semiconductor and foundry companies.  These actions seek monetary damages and injunctive relief against the allegedly infringing products.  The outcome of these actions is not presently determinable, and therefore we can make no assessment of their materiality.  The target date for completion of the International Trade Commission investigation is September 21, 2009.  The U.S. District Court action is stayed pending resolution of the ITC matter.  Microchip intends to vigorously defend its rights in these matters.  
 
 
18

 
Item 4.                      SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
Not applicable.
 
 
 
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank.]

 
19

 

PART II

MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “MCHP.”  Our common stock has been quoted on such market since our initial public offering on March 19, 1993.  The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low closing prices of our common stock as reported by NASDAQ for our last two fiscal years.

Fiscal 2009
 
High
   
Low
 
Fiscal 2008
 
High
   
Low
 
First Quarter
  $ 38.37     $ 30.15  
First Quarter
  $ 42.06     $ 35.47  
Second Quarter
  $ 34.19     $ 27.96  
Second Quarter
  $ 39.53     $ 36.31  
Third Quarter
  $ 29.55     $ 16.28  
Third Quarter
  $ 36.92     $ 27.57  
Fourth Quarter
  $ 21.90     $ 16.60  
Fourth Quarter
  $ 34.56     $ 26.86  

Stock Price Performance Graph
 
The following graph and table show a comparison of the five-year cumulative total stockholder return, calculated on a dividend reinvestment basis, for Microchip Technology Incorporated, the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Stock Index, The Nasdaq Composite Index, and the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index.
 
 
 
 
 
   
Cumulative Total Return
 
   
March 2004
   
March 2005
   
March 2006
   
March 2007
   
March 2008
   
March 2009
 
Microchip Technology Incorporated
    100.00       99.18       140.93       141.89       135.30       92.42  
S&P 500 Stock Index (1)
    100.00       106.69       119.20       133.31       126.54       78.34  
NASDAQ Composite
    100.00       101.46       120.54       127.18       119.09       78.60  
Philadelphia Semiconductor Index
    100.00       85.92       94.59       90.71       82.88       59.47  

Data acquired by Research Data Group, Inc. (www.researchdatagroup.com)

(1) Our common stock was added to the S&P 500 Stock Index and, accordingly, we have selected the S&P Stock Index to replace the Nasdaq Composite Index as the broad equity market index for purposes of comparison in the above performance graph and table.  In accordance with Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K, we are showing the performance of both the S&P Stock Index and the Nasdaq Composite Index in this year’s performance graph and table.
 
 
20

 
On May 26, 2009, there were approximately 385 holders of record of our common stock.  This figure does not reflect beneficial ownership of shares held in nominee names.
 
We have been declaring and paying quarterly cash dividends on our common stock since the third quarter of fiscal 2003.  Our total cash dividends paid were $246.7 million, $252.0 million and $207.9 million in fiscal 2009, 2008 and 2007, respectively.  The following table sets forth our quarterly cash dividends per common share and the total amount of the dividend payment for each quarter in fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2008 (amounts in thousands, except per share amounts).
 

Fiscal 2009
 
Dividends per
Common Share
   
Amount of
Dividend Payment
 
Fiscal 2008
 
Dividends per
Common Share
   
Amount of
Dividend Payment
 
First Quarter
  $ 0.330     $ 60,977  
First Quarter
  $ 0.280     $ 61,119  
Second Quarter
    0.338       62,166  
Second Quarter
    0.295       64,095  
Third Quarter
    0.339       61,690  
Third Quarter
    0.310       66,378  
Fourth Quarter
    0.339       61,825  
Fourth Quarter
    0.320       60,367  
 
 
On May 7, 2009, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.339 per share, which will be paid on June 4, 2009 to stockholders of record on May 21, 2009 and the total amount of such dividend is expected to be approximately $62.0 million.  Our Board is free to change our dividend practices at any time and to increase or decrease the dividend paid, or not to pay a dividend, on our common stock on the basis of our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and future prospects, and other factors deemed relevant by our Board.  Our current intent is to provide for ongoing quarterly cash dividends depending upon market conditions and our results of operations.
 
Please refer to “Item 12, Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners And Management And Related Stockholder Matters,” at page 44 below, for the information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K with respect to securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans at March 31, 2009.
 
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
The following table sets forth our purchases of our common stock in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 and the footnote below the table designates the repurchase programs that the shares were purchased under:
 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
 
Period
 
(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased
   
(b) Average Price Paid per Share
   
(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Programs
   
(d) Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Programs (1)
 
January 1 – January 31, 2009
    ---     $ ---       ---       2,460,002  
February 1 – February 28, 2009
    ---     $ ---       ---       2,460,002  
March 1 – March 31, 2009
    ---     $ ---       ---       2,460,002  
Total
    ---     $ ---       ---          
 
        (1)
On December 11, 2007, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 10 million shares of our common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions.  As of March 31, 2009, 2,460,002 shares of this authorization remained available to be purchased under this program.  There is no expiration date associated with this program.


 
21

 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
You should read the following selected consolidated financial data for the five-year period ended March 31, 2009 in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Items 7 and 8 of this Form 10-K.  Our consolidated statements of income data for each of the years in the three-year period ended March 31, 2009, and the balance sheet data as of March 31, 2009 and 2008, are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, included in Item 8 of this Form 10-K. The statements of operations data for the years ended March 31, 2006 and 2005 and balance sheet data as of March 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements not included herein (for information below all amounts are in thousands, except per share data).

Statement of Income Data:

   
Year ended March 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Net sales
  $ 903,297     $ 1,035,737     $ 1,039,671     $ 927,893     $ 846,936  
Cost of sales
    386,793       410,799       414,915       377,016       362,961  
Research and development
    115,524       120,864       113,698       94,926       93,040  
Selling, general and administrative
    161,218       175,646       163,247       129,587       111,188  
Special charges (1)
    6,434       26,763       ---       ---       21,100  
Operating income
    233,328       301,665       347,811       326,364       258,647  
Interest income
    32,545       54,851       58,383       32,753       17,804  
Interest expense
    (24,269 )     (7,966 )     (5,416 )     (1,967 )     (940 )
Other (expense) income, net
    (4,354 )     2,435       312       2,035       1,757  
Income before income taxes
    237,250       350,985       401,090       359,185       277,268  
Income tax (benefit) provision
    (11,570 )     53,237       44,061       116,816       63,483  
Net income
  $ 248,820     $ 297,748     $ 357,029     $ 242,369     $ 213,785  
Basic net income per common share
  $ 1.36     $ 1.44     $ 1.66     $ 1.15     $ 1.03  
Diluted net income per common share
  $ 1.33     $ 1.40     $ 1.62     $ 1.13     $ 1.01  
Dividends declared per common share
  $ 1.346     $ 1.205     $ 0.965     $ 0.570     $ 0.208  
Basic common shares outstanding
    183,158       207,220       215,498       210,104       206,740  
Diluted common shares outstanding
    186,788       212,048       220,848       215,024       211,962  

Balance Sheet Data:

   
March 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Working capital
  $ 1,587,144     $ 1,526,649     $ 828,817     $ 509,860     $ 768,683  
Total assets
    2,421,439       2,512,307       2,269,541       2,350,596       1,817,554  
Long-term obligations, less current portion
    1,149,184       1,150,128       ---       ---       ---  
Stockholders’ equity
    990,766       1,036,223       2,004,368       1,726,189       1,485,734  

 
(1)
There were no special charges during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2007 and 2006.  Discussions of the special charges for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2009 and 2008 are contained in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.  An explanation of the special charge for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2005 is provided below.  The following table presents a summary of special charges for the five-year period ended March 31, 2009:

   
Year ended March 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Patent portfolio license
  $ 4,000     $ ---     $ ---     $ ---     $ ---  
In-process research and development expenses
     860        ---        ---        ---        ---  
Abandoned acquisition related expenses
    1,574       ---       ---       ---       ---  
Loss on sale of Fab 3
    ---       26,763       ---       ---       ---  
Intellectual property settlement
    ---       ---       ---       ---       21,100  
                                         
Totals
  $ 6,434     $ 26,763     $ ---     $ ---     $ 21,100  


 
22

 
 
Fiscal 2005 Special Charge
 
Settlement with U.S. Philips Corporation
 
In fiscal 2005, we reached an agreement with U.S. Philips Corporation and Philips Electronics North America Corp. (together “Philips”) regarding patent license litigation between Philips and Microchip.  The agreement included dismissal of the then pending litigation and the cross-license of certain patents between Philips and Microchip.  We recorded a special charge of $21.1 million in the quarter that ended June 30, 2004 associated with this matter.  Pursuant to this cross-license, we licensed certain of our patents related to 8-pin microcontrollers to Philips, and Philips licensed its patents related to I2C serial communications to us, each on fully-paid up, non-royalty bearing worldwide licenses.  We finalized and executed the definitive settlement agreement related to this matter and made the cash payment to Philips during the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2004.
 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements
 
This report, including “Item 1 – Business,” “Item 1A – Risk Factors,” and “Item 7 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements regarding our strategy, financial performance and revenue sources.  We use words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “estimate,” “future,” “intend” and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements.  These forward-looking statements include, without limitation, statements regarding the following:

 
 
·
The effects that declining economic conditions and fluctuations in the global credit and equity markets may have on our financial condition and results of operation;
 
·
The effects and amount of competitive pricing pressure on our product lines;
 
·
Our ability to moderate future average selling price declines;
 
·
The effect of product mix on gross margin;
 
·
The amount of changes in demand for our products and those of our customers;
 
·
The level of orders that will be received and shipped within a quarter;
 
·
The effect that distributor and customer inventory holding patterns will have on us;
 
·
Our belief that customers recognize our products and brand name and use distributors as an effective supply channel;
 
·
Our belief that deferred cost of sales will have low risk of material impairment;
 
·
Our belief that our direct sales personnel combined with our distributors provide an effective means of reaching our customer base;
 
·
Our ability to increase the proprietary portion of our analog and interface product lines and the effect of such an increase;
 
·
The impact of any supply disruption we may experience;
 
·
Our ability to effectively utilize our facilities at appropriate capacity levels and anticipated costs;
 
·
That our existing facilities and planned expansion activities provide sufficient capacity to respond to increases in demand;
 
·
That manufacturing costs will be reduced by transition to advanced process technologies;
 
·
Our ability to absorb fixed manufacturing costs;
 
·
Our ability to maintain manufacturing yields;
 
·
Continuing our investments in new and enhanced products;
 
·
Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;
 
·
The cost effectiveness of using our own assembly and test operations;
 
·
Our anticipated level of capital expenditures;
 
·
Continuation of quarterly cash dividends;
 
·
The sufficiency of our existing sources of liquidity;
 
·
The impact of seasonality on our business;
 
·
The accuracy of our estimates used in valuing employee equity awards;
 
 
23

 
 
·
That the resolution of legal actions will not harm our business, and the accuracy of our assessment of the probability of loss and range of potential loss;
 
·
That the idling of assets will not impair the value of such assets;
 
·
Our belief that we may incur impairment losses, or additional losses on already impaired assets, in future periods if factors influencing our estimates change;
 
·
The recoverability of our deferred tax assets;
 
·
The adequacy of our tax reserves to offset any potential tax liabilities, having the appropriate support for our income tax positions and the accuracy of our estimated tax rate;
 
·
Our belief that the expiration of any tax holidays will not have a material impact;
 
·
The accuracy of our estimates of the useful life and values of our property, assets, and other liabilities;
 
·
The adequacy of our patent strategy;
 
·
Our ability to obtain patents and intellectual property licenses and minimize the effects of litigation;
 
·
The level of risk we are exposed to for product liability claims;
 
·
The amount of labor unrest, political instability, governmental interference and changes in general economic conditions that we experience;
 
·
The effect of fluctuations in market interest rates on income and/or cash flows;
 
·
The effect of fluctuations in currency rates;
 
·
Our ability to collect accounts receivable;
 
·
Our belief that our investments in student loan auction rate municipal bond offerings are of high credit quality;
 
·
Our ability to hold our fixed income investments and certain ARS until the market recovers, and the immaterial impact this will have on our liquidity;
 
·
Our belief that any future changes in the fair value of the ARS associated with the ARS rights agreement will be largely offset by changes in the fair value of the related rights without any significant net impact to our income statement;
 
·
The accuracy of our estimation of the cost effectivity of our insurance coverage;
 
·
Our belief that our activities are conducted in compliance with various regulations not limited to environmental and export compliance;
 
·
Our ability and intent to settle the principal amount of the junior subordinated convertible debentures in cash; and
 
·
Our expectation that our wafer fabs will operate at levels significantly below peak levels.

Our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors including those set forth in “Item 1A – Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this Form 10-K.  Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.  You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.  We disclaim any obligation to update information contained in any forward-looking statement.
 
Introduction
 
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes that appear elsewhere in this document, as well as with other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including “Item 1 Business;” “Item 6 Selected Financial Data;” and “Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
 
We begin our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) with a summary of Microchip’s overall business strategy to give the reader an overview of the goals of our business and the overall direction of our business and products.  This is followed by a discussion of the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results.  In the next section, beginning at page 30, we discuss our Results of Operations for fiscal 2009 compared to fiscal 2008, and for fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007.  We then provide an analysis of changes in our balance sheet and cash flows, and discuss our financial commitments in sections titled “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” “Contractual Obligations” and “Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements.”
 
Strategy
 
Our goal is to be a worldwide leader in providing specialized semiconductor products for a wide variety of embedded control applications.  Our strategic focus is on embedded control products, which include microcontrollers, high-performance linear and mixed signal devices, power management and thermal management devices, interface devices, Serial EEPROMs, and our patented KeeLoq® security devices.  We provide highly cost-effective embedded control products that also offer the advantages of small size, high performance, low voltage/power operation and ease of development, enabling timely and cost-effective embedded control product integration by our customers.
 
 
24

 
We sell our products to a broad base of domestic and international customers across a variety of industries.  The principal markets that we serve include consumer, automotive, industrial, office automation and telecommunications.  Our business is subject to fluctuations based on economic conditions within these markets.  Over the last two quarters of fiscal 2009, the downturn in the U.S. and global economies has adversely impacted our key markets resulting in adverse fluctuations in our business.  In response to these adverse economic conditions, we have significantly reduced our operating expenses and are operating our manufacturing facilities at lower production levels.  We are unable to predict how long such adverse business conditions will continue.
 
Our manufacturing operations include wafer fabrication and assembly and test.  The ownership of our manufacturing resources is an important component of our business strategy, enabling us to maintain a high level of manufacturing control resulting in us being one of the lowest cost producers in the embedded control industry.  By owning our wafer fabrication facilities and our assembly and test operations, and by employing statistical process control techniques, we have been able to achieve and maintain high production yields.  Direct control over manufacturing resources allows us to shorten our design and production cycles.  This control also allows us to capture the wafer manufacturing and a portion of the assembly and test profit margin.
 
We employ proprietary design and manufacturing processes in developing our embedded control products.  We believe our processes afford us both cost-effective designs in existing and derivative products and greater functionality in new product designs.  While many of our competitors develop and optimize separate processes for their logic and memory product lines, we use a common process technology for both microcontroller and non-volatile memory products.  This allows us to more fully leverage our process research and development costs and to deliver new products to market more rapidly.  Our engineers utilize advanced computer-aided design (CAD) tools and software to perform circuit design, simulation and layout, and our in-house photomask and wafer fabrication facilities enable us to rapidly verify design techniques by processing test wafers quickly and efficiently.
 
We are committed to continuing our investment in new and enhanced products, including development systems, and in our design and manufacturing process technologies.  We believe these investments are significant factors in maintaining our competitive position.  Our current research and development activities focus on the design of new microcontrollers, digital signal controllers, memory and mixed-signal products, new development systems, software and application-specific software libraries.  We are also developing new design and process technologies to achieve further cost reductions and performance improvements in our products.
 
We market our products worldwide primarily through a network of direct sales personnel and distributors.  Our distributors focus primarily on servicing the product and technical support requirements of a broad base of diverse customers.  We believe that our direct sales personnel combined with our distributors provide an effective means of reaching this broad and diverse customer base.  Our direct sales force focuses primarily on major strategic accounts in three geographical markets: the Americas, Europe and Asia.  We currently maintain sales and support centers in major metropolitan areas in North America, Europe and Asia.  We believe that a strong technical service presence is essential to the continued development of the embedded control market.  Many of our field sales engineers (FSEs), field application engineers (FAEs), and sales management have technical degrees and have been previously employed in an engineering environment.  We believe that the technical knowledge of our sales force is a key competitive advantage in the sale of our products.  The primary mission of our FAE team is to provide technical assistance to strategic accounts and to conduct periodic training sessions for FSEs and distributor sales teams.  FAEs also frequently conduct technical seminars for our customers in major cities around the world, and work closely with our distributors to provide technical assistance and end-user support.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
General
 
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S.  We review the accounting policies we use in reporting our financial results on a regular basis.  The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent liabilities.  On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, share-based compensation, inventories, investments, income taxes, property plant and equipment, impairment of property, plant and equipment, junior subordinated convertible debentures and litigation.  We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.  Our results may differ from these estimates due to actual outcomes being different from those on which we based our assumptions.  We review these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis.  We believe the following critical accounting policies affect our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.  We also have other policies that we consider key accounting policies, such as our policy regarding revenue recognition to OEMs; however, we do not believe these policies require us to make estimates or judgments that are as difficult or subjective as our policies described below.

 
25

 
 
Revenue Recognition – Distributors
 
Our distributors worldwide generally have broad price protection and product return rights, so we defer revenue recognition until the distributor sells the product to their customer.  Revenue is recognized when the distributor sells the product to an end-user, at which time the sales price becomes fixed or determinable.  Revenue is not recognized upon shipment to our distributors since, due to discounts from list price as well as price protection rights, the sales price is not substantially fixed or determinable at that time.  At the time of shipment to these distributors, we record a trade receivable for the selling price as there is a legally enforceable right to payment, relieve inventory for the carrying value of goods shipped since legal title has passed to the distributor, and record the gross margin in deferred income on shipments to distributors on our consolidated balance sheets.
 
Deferred income on shipments to distributors effectively represents the gross margin on the sale to the distributor; however, the amount of gross margin that we recognize in future periods could be less than the deferred margin as a result of credits granted to distributors on specifically identified products and customers to allow the distributors to earn a competitive gross margin on the sale of our products to their end customers and price protection concessions related to market pricing conditions.
 
We sell the majority of the items in our product catalog to our distributors worldwide at a uniform list price.  However, distributors resell our products to end customers at a very broad range of individually negotiated price points.  The majority of our distributors’ resales require a reduction from the original list price paid.  Often, under these circumstances, we remit back to the distributor a portion of their original purchase price after the resale transaction is completed in the form of a credit against the distributors’ outstanding accounts receivable balance.  The credits are on a per unit basis and are not given to the distributor until they provide information to us regarding the sale to their end customer.  The price reductions vary significantly based on the customer, product, quantity ordered, geographic location and other factors and discounts to a price less than our cost have historically been rare.  The effect of granting these credits establishes the net selling price to our distributors for the product and results in the net revenue recognized by us when the product is sold by the distributors to their end customers.  Thus, a portion of the “deferred income on shipments to distributors” balance represents the amount of distributors’ original purchase price that will be credited back to the distributor in the future.  The wide range and variability of negotiated price concessions granted to distributors does not allow us to accurately estimate the portion of the balance in the deferred income on shipments to distributors account that will be credited back to the distributors.  Therefore, we do not reduce deferred income on shipments to distributors or accounts receivable by anticipated future concessions; rather, price concessions are typically recorded against deferred income on shipments to distributors and accounts receivable when incurred, which is generally at the time the distributor sells the product.  At March 31, 2009, we had approximately $118.2 million of deferred revenue and $34.3 million in deferred cost of sales recognized as $83.9 million of deferred income on shipments to distributors.  At March 31, 2008, we had approximately $130.4 million of deferred revenue and $35.0 million in deferred cost of sales recognized as $95.4 million of deferred income on shipments to distributors.  The deferred income on shipments to distributors that will ultimately be recognized in our income statement will be lower than the amount reflected on the balance sheet due to additional price credits to be granted to the distributors when the product is sold to their customers.  These additional price credits historically have resulted in the deferred income approximating the overall gross margins that we recognize in the distribution channel of our business.
 
Distributor advances, reflected as a reduction of deferred income on shipments to distributors on our consolidated balance sheets, totaled $37.6 million at March 31, 2009 and $36.4 million at March 31, 2008.  On sales to distributors, our payment terms generally require the distributor to settle amounts owed to us for an amount in excess of their ultimate cost.  The sales price to our distributors may be higher than the amount that the distributors will ultimately owe us because distributors often negotiate price reductions after purchasing the product from us and such reductions are often significant.  It is our practice to apply these negotiated price discounts to future purchases, requiring the distributor to settle receivable balances, on a current basis, generally within 30 days, for amounts originally invoiced.  This practice has an adverse impact on the working capital of our distributors.  As such, we have entered into agreements with certain distributors whereby we advance cash to the distributors to reduce the distributor’s working capital requirements.  These advances are reconciled at least on a quarterly basis and are estimated based on the amount of ending inventory as reported by the distributor multiplied by a negotiated percentage.  Such advances have no impact on our revenue recognition or our consolidated statements of income.  We process discounts taken by distributors against our deferred income on shipments to distributors’ balance and true-up the advanced amounts generally after the end of each completed fiscal quarter.  The terms of these advances are set forth in binding legal agreements and are unsecured, bear no interest on unsettled balances and are due upon demand.  The agreements governing these advances can be cancelled by us at any time.
 
 
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We reduce product pricing through price protection based on market conditions, competitive considerations and other factors.  Price protection is granted to distributors on the inventory they have on hand at the date the price protection is offered.  When we reduce the price of our products, it allows the distributor to claim a credit against its outstanding accounts receivable balances based on the new price of the inventory it has on hand as of the date of the price reduction.  There is no immediate revenue impact from the price protection, as it is reflected as a reduction of the deferred income on shipments to distributors’ balance.
 
Products returned by distributors and subsequently scrapped have historically been immaterial to our consolidated results of operations.  We routinely evaluate the risk of impairment of the deferred cost of sales component of the deferred income on shipments to distributors account.  Because of the historically immaterial amounts of inventory that have been scrapped, and historically rare instances where discounts given to a distributor result in a price less than our cost, we believe the deferred costs are recorded at their approximate carrying value.
 
Share-based Compensation
 
In the first quarter of fiscal 2007, we adopted SFAS No. 123R, which requires the measurement at fair value and recognition of compensation expense for all share-based payment awards, including grants of employee stock options, RSUs and employee stock purchase rights, to be recognized in our financial statements based on their respective grant date fair values.  Total share-based compensation in fiscal 2009 was $33.4 million, of which $26.6 million was reflected in operating expenses.  Total share-based compensation included in cost of sales in fiscal 2009 was $5.8 million.  Total share-based compensation included in our inventory balance was $4.7 million at March 31, 2009.
 
Determining the appropriate fair-value model and calculating the fair value of share-based awards at the date of grant requires judgment.  The fair value of our RSUs is based on the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant discounted for expected future dividends.  We use the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of employee stock options and rights to purchase shares under our employee stock purchase plans, consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123R.  Option pricing models, including the Black-Scholes model, also require the use of input assumptions, including expected volatility, expected life, expected dividend rate, and expected risk-free rate of return.  We use a blend of historical and implied volatility based on options freely traded in the open market as we believe this is more reflective of market conditions and a better indicator of expected volatility than using purely historical volatility.  The expected life of the awards is based on historical and other economic data trended into the future.  The risk-free interest rate assumption is based on observed interest rates appropriate for the terms of our awards.  The dividend yield assumption is based on our history and expectation of future dividend payouts.  SFAS No. 123R requires us to develop an estimate of the number of share-based awards which will be forfeited due to employee turnover.  Quarterly changes in the estimated forfeiture rate can have a significant effect on reported share-based compensation, as the effect of adjusting the rate for all expense amortization after April 1, 2006 is recognized in the period the forfeiture estimate is changed.  If the actual forfeiture rate is higher or lower than the estimated forfeiture rate, then an adjustment is made to increase or decrease the estimated forfeiture rate, which will result in a decrease or increase to the expense recognized in our financial statements.  If forfeiture adjustments are made, they would affect our gross margin, research and development expenses, and selling, general, administrative expenses.  The effect of forfeiture adjustments in fiscal 2009 was immaterial.
 
We evaluate the assumptions used to value our awards on a quarterly basis.  If factors change and we employ different assumptions, share-based compensation expense may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the past.  If there are any modifications or cancellations of the underlying unvested securities, we may be required to accelerate, increase or cancel any remaining unearned share-based compensation expense.  Future share-based compensation expense and unearned share-based compensation will increase to the extent that we grant additional equity awards to employees or we assume unvested equity awards in connection with acquisitions. 
 
Inventories
 
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out method.  We write down our inventory for estimated obsolescence or unmarketable inventory in an amount equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions about future demand and market conditions.  If actual market conditions are less favorable than those we projected, additional inventory write-downs may be required.  Inventory impairment charges establish a new cost basis for inventory and charges are not subsequently reversed to income even if circumstances later suggest that increased carrying amounts are recoverable.  In estimating our inventory obsolescence, we primarily evaluate estimates of demand over a 12-month period and record impairment charges for inventory on hand in excess of the estimated 12-month demand.
 
In periods where our production levels are substantially below our normal operating capacity, such as in the second half of fiscal 2009, the reduced production levels of our manufacturing facilities are charged directly to cost of sales.
 
 
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Investments
 
We classify our investments as trading securities or available-for-sale securities based upon management’s intent with regard to the investments and the nature of the underlying securities. 
 
Our trading securities consist of strategic investments in shares of publicly traded common stock, restricted cash representing cash collateral for put options we have sold on some of our trading securities and ARS that we intend to dispose of through the exercise of a put option. (See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for further discussion of the ARS put option.)  Our investments in trading securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in other income, (expense). 
 
Our available-for-sale investments consist of government agency bonds, municipal bonds, ARS and corporate bonds.  Our investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in stockholders’ equity to the extent any unrelated losses are determined to be temporary.  Premiums and discounts are amortized or accreted over the life of the related available-for-sale security.  Dividend and interest income are recognized when earned.  The cost of securities sold is calculated using the specific identification method. 
 
We include within our short-term investments our trading securities, as well as our income yielding available-for-sale securities that can be readily converted to cash and include within long-term investments those income yielding available-for-sale securities with maturities of over one year that have unrealized losses attributable to them or those that cannot be readily liquidated.  We have the ability to hold our long-term investments with temporary impairments until such time as these assets are no longer impaired.  Such recovery of unrealized losses is not expected to occur within the next year. 
 
Due to the lack of availability of observable market quotes on certain of our investment portfolio of ARS, we utilize valuation models including those that are based on expected cash flow streams and collateral values, including assessments of counterparty credit quality, default risk underlying the security, discount rates and overall capital market liquidity. The valuation of our ARS investment portfolio is subject to uncertainties that are difficult to predict.  Factors that may impact our ARS valuation include changes to credit ratings of the securities as well as to the underlying assets supporting those securities, rates of default of the underlying assets, underlying collateral value, discount rates, counterparty risk, the ongoing strength and quality of the credit markets, and market liquidity.
 
The credit markets experienced significant deterioration and uncertainty beginning in the second half of fiscal 2008.  If these conditions continue, or we experience any additional ratings downgrades on any investments in our portfolio (including our ARS), we may incur additional impairments to our investment portfolio, which could negatively affect our financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
 
Income Taxes
 
As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate.  This process involves estimating our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes.  These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in our consolidated balance sheets.  We must then assess the likelihood that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income within the relevant jurisdiction and to the extent we believe that recovery is not likely, we must establish a valuation allowance.  We have not provided for a valuation allowance because we believe that it is more likely than not that our deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income.  Should we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax asset in the future, an adjustment to the deferred tax asset would be charged to income in the period such determination was made.  At March 31, 2009, our gross deferred tax asset was $69.6 million.
 
Various taxing authorities in the U.S. and other countries in which we do business scrutinize the tax structures employed by businesses.  Companies of our size and complexity are regularly audited by the taxing authorities in the jurisdictions in which they conduct significant operations.  We are currently under audit by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS) for our fiscal years ended March 31, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008.  We recognize liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional tax payments are probable.  We believe that we maintain adequate tax reserves to offset any potential tax liabilities that may arise upon these and other pending audits in the U.S. and other countries in which we do business.  If such amounts ultimately prove to be unnecessary, the resulting reversal of such reserves would result in tax benefits being recorded in the period the reserves are no longer deemed necessary.  If such amounts ultimately prove to be less than an ultimate assessment, a future charge to expense would be recorded in the period in which the assessment is determined. 
 
 
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Property, Plant & Equipment
 
Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost.  Major renewals and improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are expensed when incurred.  At March 31, 2009, the carrying value of our property and equipment totaled $531.7 million, which represents 22% of our total assets.  This carrying value reflects the application of our property and equipment accounting policies, which incorporate estimates, assumptions and judgments relative to the useful lives of our property and equipment.  Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the related assets, which range from 5 to 7 years on manufacturing equipment, from 10 to 15 years on leasehold improvements and approximately 30 years on buildings.
 
We began production activities at Fab 4 on October 31, 2003.  We began to depreciate the Fab 4 assets as they were placed in service for production purposes.  As of March 31, 2009, all of the buildings and supporting facilities were being depreciated as well as the manufacturing equipment that had been placed in service.  All manufacturing equipment that was not being used in production activities was maintained in projects in process and is not being depreciated until it is placed into service since management believes there will be no change to its utility from the present time until it is placed into productive service.  The lives to be used for depreciating this equipment at Fab 4 will be evaluated at such time as the assets are placed in service.  We do not believe that the temporary idling of such assets has impaired the estimated life or carrying values of the underlying assets.
 
The estimates, assumptions and judgments we use in the application of our property and equipment policies reflect both historical experience and expectations regarding future industry conditions and operations.  The use of different estimates, assumptions and judgments regarding the useful lives of our property and equipment and expectations regarding future industry conditions and operations, could result in materially different carrying values of assets and results of operations.
 
Impairment of Property, Plant and Equipment
 
We assess whether indicators of impairment of long-lived assets are present.  If such indicators are present, we determine whether the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows attributable to the assets in question is less than their carrying value.  If less, we recognize an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over their respective fair values.  Fair value is determined by discounted future cash flows, appraisals or other methods.  If the assets determined to be impaired are to be held and used, we recognize an impairment loss through a charge to our operating results to the extent the present value of anticipated net cash flows attributable to the asset are less than the asset’s carrying value, which we depreciate over the remaining estimated useful life of the asset. We may incur impairment losses, or additional losses on already impaired assets, in future periods if factors influencing our estimates change.
 
Junior Subordinated Convertible Debentures
 
We account for our junior subordinated convertible debentures and related provisions in accordance with the provisions of Emerging Issues Task Force Issue (EITF) No. 98-5, Accounting for Convertible Securities with Beneficial Conversion Features or Contingently Adjustable Conversion Ratios, EITF No. 00-27, Application of Issue No. 98-5 to Certain Convertible Instruments, EITF No. 00-19, Accounting for Derivative Financial Instruments Indexed to, and Potentially Settled in, a Company’s Own Stock, EITF No. 01-6, The Meaning of “Indexed to a Company’s Own Stock,” and EITF No. 04-08, The Effect of Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted Earnings Per Share.  We also evaluate the instruments in accordance with SFAS No. 133 (SFAS 133), Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, which requires bifurcation of embedded derivative instruments and measurement of fair value for accounting purposes.  EITF No. 04-08 requires us to include the dilutive effect of the shares of our common stock issuable upon conversion of the outstanding junior subordinated convertible debentures in our diluted income per share calculation regardless of whether the market price trigger or other contingent conversion feature has been met.  We apply the treasury stock method as we have the intent and current ability to settle the principal amount of the junior subordinated convertible debentures in cash.  This method results in incremental dilutive shares when the average fair value of our common stock for a reporting period exceeds the conversion price per share, which was $32.06 at March 31, 2009, and adjusts as dividends are recorded in the future.

Litigation
 
Our current estimated range of liability related to pending litigation is based on the probable loss of claims for which we can reasonably estimate the amount and range of loss.  Recorded reserves were immaterial at March 31, 2009.
 
Because of the uncertainties related to both the probability of loss and the amount and range of loss on our pending litigation, we are unable to make a reasonable estimate of the liability that could result from an unfavorable outcome.  As additional information becomes available, we will assess the potential liability related to our pending litigation and revise our estimates.  Revisions in our estimates of the potential liability could materially affect our results of operations and financial position.
 
 
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Results of Operations
 
The following table sets forth certain operational data as a percentage of net sales for the years indicated:

   
Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
Net sales
    100.0 %     100.0 %     100.0 %
Cost of sales
    42.8 %     39.7 %     39.9 %
Gross profit
    57.2 %     60.3 %     60.1 %
Research and development
    12.8 %     11.7 %     10.9 %
Selling, general and administrative
    17.9 %     16.9 %     15.7 %
Special charges
    0.7 %     2.6 %     --- %
Operating income
    25.8 %     29.1 %     33.5 %

Net Sales
 
We operate in one industry segment and engage primarily in the design, development, manufacture and marketing of semiconductor products.  We sell our products to distributors and original equipment manufacturers, referred to as OEMs, in a broad range of market segments, perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and generally require no collateral.  In certain circumstances, a customer’s financial condition may require collateral, and, in such cases, the collateral would be provided primarily by letters of credit.
 
Our net sales of $903.3 million in fiscal 2009 decreased by $132.4 million, or 12.8%, over fiscal 2008, and our net sales of $1,035.7 million in fiscal 2008 decreased by $3.9 million, or 0.4%, over fiscal 2007.  The decreases in net sales in these periods resulted primarily from adverse changes in global economic and end market conditions across all of our product lines.  Average selling prices for our products were down approximately 4% in fiscal 2009 over fiscal 2008 and were down approximately 3% in fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007.  The number of units of our products sold was down approximately 9% in fiscal 2009 over fiscal 2008 and up approximately 3% in fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007.  The average selling prices and the unit volumes of our sales are impacted by the mix of our products sold and overall semiconductor market conditions.  We believe that we have continued to grow our percentage of market share in the embedded control market over the last three fiscal years.  Key factors impacting the amount of net sales during the last three fiscal years include:
 
 
·
adverse global economic conditions in the markets we serve;
 
·
increasing semiconductor content in our customers’ products;
 
·
customers’ increasing needs for the flexibility offered by our programmable solutions;
 
·
our new product offerings that have increased our served available market;
 
·
continued market share gains; and
 
·
inventory holding patterns of our customers.
 
Sales by product line for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

   
Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2009
         
2008
         
2007
       
Microcontrollers
  $ 731,648       81.0 %   $ 832,921       80.4 %   $ 834,293       80.2 %
Memory products
    89,336       9.9       120,280       11.6       122,748       11.8  
Analog and interface products
    82,313       9.1       82,536       8.0       82,630       8.0  
                                                 
Total Sales
  $ 903,297       100.0 %   $ 1,035,737       100.0 %   $ 1,039,671       100.0 %

Microcontrollers
 
Our microcontroller product line represents the largest component of our total net sales.  Microcontrollers and associated application development systems accounted for approximately 81% of our total net sales in fiscal 2009, approximately 80.4% of our total net sales in fiscal 2008 and approximately 80.2% of our total net sales in fiscal 2007.
 
Net sales of our microcontroller products decreased approximately 12.2% in fiscal 2009 compared to fiscal 2008, and decreased approximately 0.2% in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007.  The decrease in net sales in fiscal 2009 compared to fiscal 2008 resulted primarily from deteriorating global economic conditions in the markets we serve, and those factors described above.  The end markets we serve include consumer, automotive, industrial control, communications and computing markets.  The decrease in net sales in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007 was primarily due to adverse economic conditions in the markets we serve, particularly the housing and consumer markets.
 
 
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Historically, average selling prices in the semiconductor industry decrease over the life of any particular product.  The overall average selling prices of our microcontroller products have remained relatively constant over time due to the proprietary nature of these products.  We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, moderate pricing pressure in certain microcontroller product lines, primarily due to competitive conditions.  We have in the past been able to, and expect in the future to be able to, moderate average selling price declines in our microcontroller product lines by introducing new products with more features and higher prices.  We may be unable to maintain average selling prices for our microcontroller products as a result of increased pricing pressure in the future, which could adversely affect our operating results.
 
Memory Products
 
Sales of our memory products accounted for approximately 9.9% of our total net sales in fiscal 2009, approximately 11.6% of our total net sales in fiscal 2008 and approximately 11.8% of our total net sales in fiscal 2007.
 
Net sales of our memory products decreased approximately 25.7% in fiscal 2009 compared to fiscal 2008, and decreased approximately 2.0% in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007.  These sales decreases were driven primarily by global economic conditions and by customer demand conditions within the Serial EEPROM market, which products comprise substantially all of our memory product net sales.
 
Serial EEPROM product pricing has historically been cyclical in nature, with steep price declines followed by periods of relative price stability, driven by changes in industry capacity at different stages of the business cycle.  We have experienced, and expect to continue to experience, varying degrees of competitive pricing pressures in our Serial EEPROM products.  We may be unable to maintain the average selling prices of our Serial EEPROM products as a result of increased pricing pressure in the future, which could adversely affect our operating results.
 
Analog and Interface Products
 
Sales of our analog and interface products accounted for approximately 9.1% of our total net sales in fiscal 2009, approximately 8.0% of our total net sales in fiscal 2008 and approximately 8.0% of our total net sales in fiscal 2007.
 
Net sales of our analog and interface products were essentially flat in fiscal 2009 compared to fiscal 2008 and were essentially flat in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007.  Net sales of our analog and interface products in these periods were driven primarily by deteriorating global economic conditions, market share gains and supply and demand conditions within the analog and interface market.
 
Analog and interface products can be proprietary or non-proprietary in nature.  Currently, we consider more than half of our analog and interface product mix to be proprietary in nature, where prices are relatively stable, similar to the pricing stability experienced in our microcontroller products.  The non-proprietary portion of our analog and interface business will experience price fluctuations, driven primarily by the current supply and demand for those products.  We may be unable to maintain the average selling prices of our analog and interface products as a result of increased pricing pressure in the future, which could adversely affect our operating results.  We anticipate the proprietary portion of our analog and interface products will increase over time.
 
Distribution
 
Distributors accounted for 64% of our net sales in each of fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2008, and 65% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.
 
Our largest distributor accounted for approximately 14% of our net sales in fiscal 2009, approximately 12% of our net sales in fiscal 2008 and approximately 11% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.  Our two largest distributors together accounted for approximately 19% of our net sales in each of fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2008, and approximately 21% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.
 
Generally, we do not have long-term agreements with our distributors and we, or our distributors, may terminate our relationship with each other with little or no advanced notice.  The loss of, or the disruption in the operations of, one or more of our distributors could reduce our future net sales in a given quarter and could result in an increase in inventory returns.
 
At March 31, 2009, our distributors maintained 38 days of inventory of our products compared to 33 days at March 31, 2008 and 32 days at March 31, 2007.  Over the past three fiscal years, the days of inventory maintained by our distributors have fluctuated between approximately 31 days and 42 days.  Thus, inventory levels at our distributors are at the higher end of the range we have experienced over the last three years.  We do not believe that inventory holding patterns at our distributors will materially impact our net sales, due to the fact that we recognize revenue based on sell-through for all of our distributors.
 
 
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Sales by Geography
 
Sales by geography for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

   
Year Ended March 31,
 
   
2009
         
2008
         
2007
       
Americas
  $ 228,922       25.3 %   $ 273,363       26.4 %   $ 287,371       27.6 %
Europe
    257,407       28.5       308,171       29.8       302,708       29.1  
Asia
    416,968       46.2       454,203       43.8       449,592       43.3  
                                                 
Total Sales
  $ 903,297       100.0 %   $ 1,035,737       100.0 %   $ 1,039,671       100.0 %
 
Our sales to foreign customers have been predominately in Asia and Europe, which we attribute to the manufacturing strength in those areas for automotive, communications, computing, consumer and industrial control products.  Americas sales include sales to customers in the U.S., Canada, Central America and South America.
 
Sales to foreign customers accounted for approximately 75% of our net sales in each of fiscal 2009 and fiscal 2008 and 74% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.  Substantially all of our foreign sales are U.S. dollar denominated.  Sales to customers in Asia have generally increased over time due to many of our customers transitioning their manufacturing operations to Asia and growth in demand from the emerging Asian market.  Our sales force in the Americas and Europe supports a significant portion of the design activity for products which are ultimately shipped to Asia.
 
Sales to customers in China, including Hong Kong, accounted for approximately 23% of our net sales in fiscal 2009, approximately 20% of our net sales in fiscal 2008 and approximately 18% of our net sales in fiscal 2007.  Sales to customers in Taiwan accounted for approximately 10% of our net sales in each of fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007.  We did not have sales into any other countries that exceeded 10% of our net sales during the last three fiscal years.
 
Gross Profit
 
Our gross profit was $516.5 million in fiscal 2009, $624.9 million in fiscal 2008 and $624.8 million in fiscal 2007.  Gross profit as a percent of sales was 57.2% in fiscal 2009, 60.3% in fiscal 2008 and 60.1% in fiscal 2007.
 
The most significant factors affecting our gross profit percentage in the periods covered by this report were:
 
 
·
production levels below the range of our normal capacity, and resulting under absorption of fixed costs; and
 
·
inventory write-downs partially offset by sales of inventory that was previously written down.
 
Other factors that impacted gross profit percentage in the periods covered by this report include:
 
 
·
lower depreciation as a percentage of cost of sales driven by reduced capital requirements in our business due to our purchase of Fab 4;
 
·
fluctuations in the product mix of microcontrollers, proprietary and non-proprietary analog products and Serial EEPROM products resulting in lower overall average selling prices for our products; and 
 
·
continual cost reductions in wafer fabrication and assembly and test manufacturing such as new manufacturing technologies and more efficient manufacturing techniques.
 
During fiscal 2009, we operated at approximately 84% of our combined Fab 2 and Fab 4 installed capacity.  During each of fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007, we operated at approximately 99% of our combined Fab 2 and Fab 4 installed capacity.  During the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2009, we reduced wafer starts at both Fab 2 and Fab 4 and implemented rotating unpaid time off at both fabrication facilities.  The reduction in wafer starts and rotating unpaid time off were implemented to help control inventory levels due to current and expected adverse economic conditions in the markets we serve.  During the first quarter of fiscal 2010, we expect our wafer fabs to continue to operate at levels which are significantly lower than peak levels.
 
The process technologies utilized in our wafer fabs impact our gross margins.  Fab 2 currently utilizes various manufacturing process technologies, but predominantly utilizes our 0.5 to 1.0 micron processes.  Fab 4 predominantly utilizes our 0.22 to 0.5 micron processes.  We continue to transition products to more advanced process technologies to reduce future manufacturing costs.  All of our production has been on 8-inch wafers during the periods covered by this report.
 
Our overall inventory levels were $131.5 million at March 31, 2009, compared to $124.5 million at March 31, 2008 and $121.0 million at March 31, 2007.  We maintained 134 days of inventory on our balance sheet at March 31, 2009 compared to 112 days of inventory at March 31, 2008 and 107 days at March 31, 2007.  During the latter part of fiscal 2009, the demand for our products was adversely impacted by the downturn in global economic conditions.  We were not able to reduce production levels during that time frame to the extent needed to prevent inventory from rising.
 
 
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We anticipate that our gross margins will fluctuate over time, driven primarily by the overall product mix of microcontroller, analog and interface and memory products and the percentage of net sales of each of these products in a particular quarter, as well as manufacturing yields, fixed cost absorption, capacity utilization levels, and competitive and economic conditions in the markets we serve.
 
At March 31, 2009, approximately 77% of our assembly requirements were performed in our Thailand facility, compared to approximately 67% at March 31, 2008 and approximately 72% at March 31, 2007.  Third-party contractors located in Asia perform the balance of our assembly operations.  Substantially all of our test requirements were performed in our Thailand facility over the last three fiscal years.  We believe that the assembly and test operations performed at our Thailand facility provide us with significant cost savings when compared to contractor assembly and test costs, as well as increased control over these portions of the manufacturing process.  We are planning multiple plant shutdowns of our Thailand facility in the first quarter of fiscal 2010 to help control inventory levels due to current and expected adverse economic conditions in the markets we serve.
 
As a result of significant reductions in demand and decreased production in our wafer fabs and assembly and test operations, approximately $21.4 million was charged to cost of sales in fiscal 2009, as our production levels for the period were below the range of normal capacity.  There were no such charges in fiscal 2008 and fiscal 2007.  If production levels stay below our normal capacity, we will continue to charge cost of sales for the unabsorbed manufacturing costs.  Also charged to cost of sales during fiscal 2009 was $7.3 million of obsolescence reserve compared to $1.9 million in fiscal 2008 and $2.3 million fiscal 2007.  The increase in the obsolescence reserve charge was primarily due to decreased demand for our products related to the adverse economic conditions in the markets we serve.
 
We rely on outside wafer foundries for a small portion of our wafer fabrication requirements.
 
Our use of third parties involves some reduction in our level of control over the portions of our business that we subcontract.  While we review the quality, delivery and cost performance of our third-party contractors, our future operating results could suffer if any third-party contractor is unable to maintain manufacturing yields, assembly and test yields and costs at approximately their current levels.
 
Research and Development (R&D)
 
R&D expenses for fiscal 2009 were $115.5 million, or 12.8% of sales, compared to $120.9 million, or 11.7% of sales, for fiscal 2008 and $113.7 million, or 10.9% of sales, for fiscal 2007.  We are committed to investing in new and enhanced products, including development systems software, and in our design and manufacturing process technologies.  We believe these investments are significant factors in maintaining our competitive position.  R&D costs are expensed as incurred.  Assets purchased to support our ongoing research and development activities are capitalized when related to products which have achieved technological feasibility, or that have alternative future uses and are amortized over their expected useful lives.  R&D expenses include labor, depreciation, masks, prototype wafers, and expenses for the development of process technologies, new packages, and software to support new products and design environments.
 
R&D expenses decreased $5.3 million, or 4.4%, for fiscal 2009 over fiscal 2008.  The primary reasons for the dollar decrease in R&D costs in fiscal 2009 compared to fiscal 2008 were cost-cutting actions taken in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2009, including salary reductions, elimination of bonuses and reductions in travel costs.  R&D expenses increased $7.2 million, or 6.3%, for fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007.  The primary reasons for the dollar increase in R&D costs in fiscal 2008 compared to fiscal 2007 were higher labor costs as a result of expanding our internal R&D headcount and $1.1 million of additional share-based compensation expense.
 
Selling, General and Administrative
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal 2009 were $161.2 million, or 17.9% of sales, compared to $175.6 million, or 16.9% of sales, for fiscal 2008, and $163.2 million, or 15.7% of sales, for fiscal 2007.  Selling, general and administrative expenses include salary expenses related to field sales, marketing and administrative personnel, advertising and promotional expenditures and legal expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses also include costs related to our direct sales force and field applications engineers who work in sales offices worldwide to stimulate demand by assisting customers in the selection and use of our products.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $14.4 million, or 8.2%, for fiscal 2009 over fiscal 2008.  The primary reasons for the dollar decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2009 over fiscal 2008 were cost-cutting actions taken in the third and fourth quarters of fiscal 2009, including salary reductions, elimination of bonuses and reduction in travel costs.  Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $12.4 million, or 7.6%, for fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007.  The primary reasons for the dollar increase in selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007 were higher labor costs as a result of expanding our internal resources in the technical aspects of selling our products and $1.5 million of additional share-based compensation expense.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses fluctuate over time, primarily due to revenue and operating expense investment levels.
 
 
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Special Charges
 
Patent Portfolio License
 
We entered into a patent portfolio license effective March 31, 2009 with an unrelated third-party that covers both issued patents and patent applications and settled alleged infringement claims.  The total payment made to the third-party was $8.25 million, $4.0 million of which was expensed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009 and the remaining $4.25 million of which was recorded as a prepaid royalty that will be amortized over the life of the patents.
 
Expenses Associated with the Abandonment of the Atmel Acquisition
 
On October 2, 2008, we and ON Semiconductor Corporation announced that we had sent a proposal to the Board of Directors of Atmel Corporation to acquire Atmel for $5.00 per share in cash or a total of approximately $2.3 billion.  On October 29, 2008, Atmel announced that its Board of Directors had determined that the unsolicited proposal was inadequate.  On December 15, 2008, we delivered a written notification to Atmel regarding a proposed alternate slate of directors to be elected at Atmel’s 2009 annual meeting.  On February 10, 2009, we announced our termination of our consideration of a potential transaction with Atmel in light of the economic uncertainty and the lack of visibility with respect to Atmel’s business not allowing us to put a value on Atmel.  In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, we expensed $1.6 million of various costs associated with the terminated proposal.
 
In-Process Research and Development
 
During the third quarter of fiscal 2009, we completed our acquisition of Hampshire Company, a leader in the large format touch screen controller market.  As a result of the acquisition, we incurred a $0.5 million in-process research and development charge in the third quarter of fiscal 2009.
 
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, we completed the acquisition of HI-TECH Software, a provider of software development tools and compilers. As a result of the acquisition, we incurred a $0.2 million in-process research and development charge in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009.
 
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, we completed our acquisition of R&E International, a leader in developing innovative integrated circuits for smoke and carbon monoxide detectors and other life-safety systems.  As a result of the acquisition, we incurred a $0.2 million in-process research and development charge in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009.
 
Loss on Sale of Fab 3
 
We received an unsolicited offer on our Fab 3 facility in September 2007.  We assessed our available capacity in our current facilities, along with our capacity available from outside foundries and determined the capacity of Fab 3 would not be required in the near term.  As a result of this assessment, we accepted the offer on September 21, 2007 and the transaction closed on October 19, 2007.  We received $27.5 million in cash net of expenses associated with the sale and recognized an impairment charge in fiscal 2008 of $26.8 million on the sale of Fab 3, representing the difference between the carrying value of the assets at September 30, 2007 and the amounts realized subsequent to September 30, 2007.
 
Other Income (Expense)
 
Interest income in fiscal 2009 decreased to $32.5 million from $54.9 million in fiscal 2008.  Interest income in fiscal 2008 decreased to $54.9 million from $58.4 million in fiscal 2007.  The primary reason for the reductions in interest income in fiscal 2009 over fiscal 2008 and in fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007 was lower interest rates on our cash and investment balances.  Interest expense in fiscal 2009 increased to $24.3 million from $8.0 million in fiscal 2008.  Interest expense increased to $8.0 million in fiscal 2008 from $5.4 million in fiscal 2007. The primary reason for the increases in interest expense in fiscal 2009 over fiscal 2008 and in fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007 was due to the $1.15 billion in 2.125% junior subordinated convertible debentures we issued in December 2007.  Other expenses, net in fiscal 2009 was $4.4 million compared to other income, net of $2.4 million in fiscal 2008.  The increase in other expenses, net was primarily related to a $7.3 million loss on trading securities in fiscal 2009 as a result of market fluctuations in our trading securities and put options as described in Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements.  Other income, net was $2.4 million in fiscal 2008 compared to $0.3 million in fiscal 2007.  The increase in other income, net was primarily related to gains on sales of fixed assets and gains related to currency rate fluctuations.
 
Provision for Income Taxes
 
Provisions for income taxes reflect tax on our foreign earnings and federal and state tax on our U.S. earnings.  Our effective tax benefit was 4.9% in fiscal 2009 and our effective tax rate was 15.2% in fiscal 2008 and 11.0% in fiscal 2007, and is lower than statutory rates in the U.S. due primarily to lower tax rates at our foreign locations, R&D tax credits and export sales incentives.  Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2009 reflects a $16.9 million U.S. tax benefit related to our settlement with the IRS for our fiscal 2005 tax audit and a $33.0 million tax reserve release associated with a favorable clarification of tax regulations.  Combined, these tax benefits reduced our effective tax rate by 21 percentage points to an effective tax benefit of 4.9%.  Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2008 reflects a $10.3 million U.S. tax benefit associated with the sale of Fab 3 in the second quarter of fiscal 2008, a $5.7 million tax benefit related to the release of tax reserves associated with a foreign tax matter in the third quarter of fiscal 2008, a $4.5 million tax benefit related to the release of tax reserves for certain international tax exposures in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2008 and approximately $0.8 million related to accrued interest and other reserve matters.  Combined, these tax benefits decreased our effective tax rate in fiscal 2008 by approximately 4.4%.  Our effective tax rate in fiscal 2007 reflects a $52.2 million benefit related to a tax settlement for our fiscal 1999 through fiscal 2001 tax years that occurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007 which decreased our effective tax rate for fiscal 2007 by 13%.
 
 
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Various taxing authorities in the U.S. and other countries in which we do business are increasing their scrutiny of the tax structures employed by businesses.  Companies of our size and complexity are regularly audited by the taxing authorities in the jurisdictions in which they conduct significant operations.  We are currently under audit by the IRS for our fiscal years ended March 31, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008.  We recognize liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues in the U.S. and other tax jurisdictions based on our estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional tax payments are probable.  We believe that we maintain adequate tax reserves to offset any potential tax liabilities that may arise upon these and other pending audits in the U.S. and other countries in which we do business.  If such amounts ultimately prove to be unnecessary, the resulting reversal of such reserves would result in tax benefits being recorded in the period the reserves are no longer deemed necessary.  If such amounts ultimately prove to be less than any final assessment, a future charge to expense would be recorded in the period in which the assessment is determined.
 
Our Thailand manufacturing operations currently benefit from numerous tax holidays that have been granted to us by the Thailand government based on our investments in property, plant and equipment in Thailand.  Our tax holiday periods in Thailand expire at various times in the future.  One of our Thailand tax holidays expired in September 2006 and the expiration did not have a material impact on our effective tax rate.  Any expiration of our tax holidays in Thailand are expected to have a minimal impact on our overall tax expense due to other tax holidays and increases in income in other taxing jurisdictions with lower statutory rates.
 
Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
We had $1,440.8 million in cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments at March 31, 2009, a decrease of $78.3 million from the March 31, 2008 balance. The decrease in cash, cash equivalents and short-term and long-term investments over this time period is primarily attributable to cash generated by operating activities being offset by dividends and stock repurchase activity during the twelve months ended March 31, 2009.
 
Net cash provided from operating activities was $308.7 million for fiscal 2009, $447.3 million for fiscal 2008 and $429.8 million for fiscal 2007. The decrease in cash flow from operations in fiscal 2009 compared to fiscal 2008 was primarily due to lower net income in fiscal 2009, an increase in the purchases of trading securities and changes in accrued liabilities and other assets and liabilities.
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $19.8 million for fiscal 2009, net cash provided by investing activities was $55.7 million for fiscal 2008 and net cash used in investing activities was $442.2 million in fiscal 2007.  The decrease in cash in fiscal 2009 over fiscal 2008 was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures and investments in other assets.  The increase in cash in fiscal 2008 over fiscal 2007 was primarily due to changes in our net purchases, sales and maturities of short-term and long-term investments and cash proceeds from the sale of Fab 3.
 
Net cash used in financing activities was $330.2 million for fiscal 2009, $182.7 million for fiscal 2008 and $385.3 million for fiscal 2007.  Proceeds from the exercise of stock options and employee purchases under our employee stock purchase plans were $33.6 million for fiscal 2009, $59.1 million for fiscal 2008 and $68.7 million for fiscal 2007.  We paid cash dividends to our shareholders of $246.7 million in fiscal 2009, $252.0 million in fiscal 2008, and $207.9 million in fiscal 2007.  Excess tax benefits from share-based payment arrangements were $6.8 million in fiscal 2009, $21.2 million in fiscal 2008, and $22.8 million in fiscal 2007.  During the year ended March 31, 2008, we received net proceeds of $1,127.0 million from the issuance of our 2.125% junior subordinated convertible debentures.  Cash expended for the repurchase of our common stock was $123.9 million in fiscal 2009 and $1,138.0 million in fiscal 2008.  No amounts were expended in fiscal 2007 for the repurchase of our common stock.  During fiscal 2007, we paid down $269.0 million in short-term borrowings.  To complete the repatriation of $500 million in fiscal 2006, we initiated the $269.0 million in borrowings, which were collateralized against investments that were held in foreign locations, allowing the investments to reach their normal maturity date.
 
Our level of capital expenditures varies from time to time as a result of actual and anticipated business conditions.  Capital expenditures were $102.4 million in fiscal 2009, $69.8 million in fiscal 2008 and $60.0 million in fiscal 2007.  Capital expenditures are primarily for the expansion of production capacity and the addition of research and development equipment.  We currently intend to spend approximately $15.0 million during the next twelve months to invest in equipment and facilities to maintain, and selectively increase, capacity to meet our currently anticipated needs.
 
We expect to finance our capital expenditures through our existing cash balances and cash flows from operations.  We believe that the capital expenditures anticipated to be incurred over the next twelve months will provide sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet our currently anticipated needs.

 
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We enter into derivative transactions from time to time in an attempt to reduce our exposure to currency rate fluctuations.  Although none of the countries in which we conduct significant foreign operations have had a highly inflationary economy in the last five years, there is no assurance that inflation rates or fluctuations in foreign currency rates in countries where we conduct operations will not adversely affect our operating results in the future.  At March 31, 2009, we had no foreign currency forward contracts outstanding.
 
On October 23, 2006, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to 10,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or privately negotiated transactions.  As of March 31, 2009, no shares related to this authorization remained available for purchase under this program.  On December 11, 2007, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized the repurchase of up to an additional 10,000,000 shares of our common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.  As of March 31, 2009, 2,460,002 shares related to this authorization remained available for purchase.
 
Our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 21,500,000 shares of our common stock concurrent with our junior subordinated convertible debentures transaction described in Note 13 to our consolidated financial statements and no further shares are available to be repurchased under this authorization.
 
As of March 31, 2009, approximately 36.0 million shares of our common stock remained as treasury shares with the balance of the repurchased shares being used to fund share issuance requirements under our equity incentive plans. The timing and amount of future repurchases will depend upon market conditions, interest rates, and corporate considerations.
 
On October 28, 2002, we announced that our Board of Directors had approved and instituted a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock.  During fiscal 2007, we paid dividends in the amount of $0.965 per share for a total dividend payment of $207.9 million.  During fiscal 2008, we paid dividends in the amount of $1.205 per share for a total dividend payment of $252.0 million.  During fiscal 2009, we paid dividends in the amount of $1.346 per share for a total dividend payment of $246.7 million.  On May 7, 2009, we declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.339 per share, which will be paid on June 4, 2009, to stockholders of record on May 21, 2009 and the total amount of such dividend is expected to be approximately $62.0 million.  Our Board is free to change our dividend practices at any time and to increase or decrease the dividend paid, or not to pay a dividend, on our common stock on the basis of our results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements and future prospects, and other factors deemed relevant by our Board.  Our current intent is to provide for ongoing quarterly cash dividends depending upon market conditions and our results of operations.
 
We believe that our existing sources of liquidity combined with cash generated from operations will be sufficient to meet our currently anticipated cash requirements for at least the next twelve months.  However, the semiconductor industry is capital intensive.  In order to remain competitive, we must constantly evaluate the need to make significant investments in capital equipment for both production and research and development.  We may seek additional equity or debt financing from time to time to maintain or expand our wafer fabrication and product assembly and test facilities, or for acquisitions or other purposes.  The timing and amount of any such financing requirements will depend on a number of factors, including demand for our products, changes in industry conditions, product mix, competitive factors and our ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates.  There can be no assurance that such financing will be available on acceptable terms, and any additional equity financing would result in incremental ownership dilution to our existing stockholders.
 
Contractual Obligations
 
The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations at March 31, 2009, and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.  This table excludes amounts already recorded on our balance sheet as current liabilities at March 31, 2009 (dollars in thousands):
 
 
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Payments Due by Period
 
   
Total
   
Less than
1 year
   
1 – 3 years
   
3 – 5 years
   
More than
5 years
 
Operating lease obligations
  $ 10,960     $ 5,367     $ 4,934     $ 659     $ ---  
Capital purchase obligations (1)
    3,883       3,793       90       ---       ---  
Other purchase obligations and commitments (2)
     995        736        259        ---        ---  
2.125% junior convertible debentures –principal and interest (3)
    1,851,560        24,438        48,875        48,875       1,729,372  
                                         
Total contractual obligations (4)
  $ 1,867,398     $ 34,334     $ 54,158     $ 49,534     $ 1,729,372  

(1)  Capital purchase obligations represent commitments for construction or purchases of property, plant and equipment.  They are not recorded as liabilities on our balance sheet as of March 31, 2009, as we have not yet received the related goods or taken title to the property.
(2)  Other purchase obligations and commitments include payments due under various types of licenses.
(3)  For purposes of this table we have assumed that the principal of our convertible debentures will be paid on December 31, 2037.
(4)  Total contractual obligations do not include contractual obligations recorded on the balance sheet as current liabilities, or certain purchase obligations as discussed below.  The contractual obligations also do not include amounts related to uncertain tax positions because reasonable estimates cannot be made.
 
Purchase orders or contracts for the purchase of raw materials and other goods and services are not included in the table above.  We are not able to determine the aggregate amount of such purchase orders that represent contractual obligations, as purchase orders may represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements.  For the purpose of this table, contractual obligations for purchase of goods or services are defined as agreements that are enforceable and legally binding on Microchip and that specify all significant terms, including: fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased; fixed, minimum or variable price provisions; and the approximate timing of the transaction.  Our purchase orders are based on our current manufacturing needs and are fulfilled by our vendors with short time horizons.  We do not have significant agreements for the purchase of raw materials or other goods specifying minimum quantities or set prices that exceed our expected requirements for three months.  We also enter into contracts for outsourced services; however, the obligations under these contracts were not significant and the contracts generally contain clauses allowing for cancellation without significant penalty.
 
The expected timing of payment of the obligations discussed above is estimated based on current information.  Timing of payments and actual amounts paid may be different depending on the time of receipt of goods or services or changes to agreed-upon amounts for some obligations.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
As of March 31, 2009, we are not involved in any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303 (a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.
 
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 141 (revised 2007), Business Combinations (SFAS No. 141R).  SFAS No. 141R establishes principles and requirements for how an acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree and the goodwill acquired. SFAS No. 141R also establishes disclosure requirements to enable the evaluation of the nature and financial effects of the business combination. In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 141(R)-1, Accounting for Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed in a Business Combination That Arise from Contingencies (FSP FAS 141R-1). FSP FAS 141R-1 amends and clarifies SFAS No. 141R to address application issues on initial recognition and measurement, subsequent measurement and accounting and disclosure of assets and liabilities arising from contingencies in a business combination.  SFAS No. 141R and FSP FAS 141R-1 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and will be adopted by us in the first quarter of fiscal 2010.  Because the majority of the provisions of SFAS No. 141R and FSP FAS 141R-1 are applicable to future transactions, we do not believe the adoption of SFAS No. 141R and FSP FAS 141R-1 will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 (SFAS No. 160).  SFAS No. 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest, changes in a parent's ownership interest, and the valuation of retained noncontrolling equity investments when a subsidiary is deconsolidated. SFAS No. 160 also establishes disclosure requirements that clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners.  SFAS No. 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and will be adopted by us in the first quarter of fiscal 2010.  We do not believe the adoption of SFAS No. 160 will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
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In March 2008, the FASB issued SFAS No. 161, Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133 (SFAS No. 161).  The standard requires additional quantitative disclosures (provided in tabular form) and qualitative disclosures for derivative instruments.  The required disclosures include how derivative instruments and related hedged items affect an entity’s financial position, financial performance, and cash flows; relative volume of derivative activity; the objectives and strategies for using derivative instruments; the accounting treatment for those derivative instruments formally designated as the hedging instrument in a hedge relationship; and the existence and nature of credit-related contingent features for derivatives.  SFAS No. 161 was effective for us beginning January 1, 2009.  SFAS No. 161 did not change the accounting treatment for derivative instruments and as such, the adoption of SFAS No. 161 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In May 2008, the FASB released FSP APB 14-1,  Accounting For Convertible Debt Instruments That May Be Settled in Cash Upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (FSP APB 14-1) that alters the accounting treatment for convertible debt instruments that allow for either mandatory or optional cash settlements.  FSP APB 14-1 will impact the accounting associated with our $1.15 billion junior subordinated convertible debentures.  FSP APB 14-1 specifies that issuers of such instruments should separately account for the liability and equity components in a manner that will reflect the entity’s nonconvertible debt borrowing rate when interest cost is recognized in subsequent periods, and will require us to recognize additional (non-cash) interest expense based on the market rate for similar debt instruments without the conversion feature.  Furthermore, FSP APB 14-1 would require us to recognize interest expense in prior periods pursuant to retrospective accounting treatment.  FSP APB 14-1 will have no impact on our actual past or future cash flows.  This FSP is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and was adopted by us on April 1, 2009.  We are currently evaluating the magnitude of the impact of adoption of FSP APB 14-1 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In June 2008, the EITF issued EITF 07-05, Determining Whether an Instrument (or Embedded Feature) Is Indexed to an Entity's Own Stock (EITF No. 07-05). EITF No. 07-05 clarifies the determination of whether an instrument (or an embedded feature) is indexed to an entity's own stock, which would qualify as a scope exception under SFAS 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.  EITF No. 07-05 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008, and is effective for us beginning in fiscal 2010.  Early adoption for an existing instrument is not permitted.  We are currently evaluating the impact the adoption of EITF No. 07-05 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In November 2008, the FASB ratified EITF Issue No. 08-7, Accounting for Defensive Intangible Assets (EITF No. 08-7).  EITF No. 08-7 applies to defensive intangible assets, which are acquired intangible assets that the acquirer does not intend to actively use but intends to hold to prevent its competitors from obtaining access to them.  As these assets are separately identifiable, EITF No. 08-7 requires an acquiring entity to account for defensive intangible assets as a separate unit of accounting.  Defensive intangible assets must be recognized at fair value in accordance with SFAS No. 141(R) and SFAS No. 157.  EITF No. 08-7 is effective for us beginning in fiscal 2010.  Because EITF No. 08-7 is applicable to future transactions, we do not believe the adoption of EITF No. 08-7 will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2, Recognition and Presentation of Other-Than-Temporary Impairments (FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2).  This FSP changes existing guidance for determining whether an impairment of debt securities is other than temporary.  The FSP requires other-than-temporary impairments to be separated into the amount representing the decrease in cash flows expected to be collected from a security (referred to as credit losses) which is recognized in earnings and the amount related to other factors which is recognized in other comprehensive income.  This noncredit loss component of the impairment may only be classified in other comprehensive income if the holder of the security concludes that it does not intend to sell and it will not more likely than not be required to sell the security before it recovers its value.  If these conditions are not met, the noncredit loss must also be recognized in earnings.  When adopting the FSP, an entity is required to record a cumulative effect adjustment as of the beginning of the period of adoption to reclassify the noncredit component of a previously recognized other-than-temporary impairment from retained earnings to accumulated other comprehensive income.  FSP FAS 115-2 and FAS 124-2 is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009.  Our management is currently evaluating the requirements of the FSP and has not yet determined the impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
 
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In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-4, Determining Fair Value When the Volume and Level of Activity for the Asset or Liability Have Significantly Decreased and Identifying Transactions That Are Not Orderly (FSP FAS 157-4).  This FSP provides additional guidance on estimating fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability have significantly decreased in relation to normal market activity for the asset or liability.  The FSP also provides additional guidance on circumstances that may indicate that a transaction is not orderly.  FSP FAS 157-4 is effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009.  We do not believe the adoption of this FSP will materially impact our consolidated financial statements.
 
In April 2009, the FASB issued FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, Interim Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments (FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1). FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 amends SFAS No. 107, Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, to require disclosures about fair value of financial instruments for interim reporting periods of publicly traded companies as well as in annual financial statements.  The FSP also amends APB Opinion No. 28, Interim Financial Reporting, to require those disclosures in summarized financial information at interim reporting periods. FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 is effective for interim reporting periods ending after June 15, 2009.  We are currently evaluating the potential impact, if any, of the adoption of FSP FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1 on our consolidated financial statements.
 
Item 7A.                      QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Our investment portfolio, consisting of fixed income securities and money market funds that we hold on an available-for-sale basis totaled $1,318.3 million and our trading securities totaled $122.5 million as of March 31, 2009, and $1,489.4 million and $29.6 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2008.  The available-for-sale securities, like all fixed income instruments, are subject to interest rate risk and will decline in value if market interest rates increase.  We have the ability to hold our fixed income investments until maturity and, therefore, we would not expect to recognize any material adverse impact in income or cash flows if market interest rates increase.  The following table provides information about our available-for-sale securities that are sensitive to changes in interest rates.  We have aggregated our available-for-sale securities for presentation purposes since they are all very similar in nature (dollars in thousands):

   
Financial instruments maturing during the fiscal year ended March 31,
 
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012
   
2013
   
2014
   
Thereafter
 
Available-for-sale securities
  $ 352,734     $ 500,290     $ ---     $ ---     $ ---     $ 18,901  
Weighted-average yield rate
    1.95 %     1.84 %     ---       ---       ---       2.55 %
 
At March 31, 2009, $56.8 million of original purchase value of our investment portfolio was invested in ARS.  Historically, the carrying value of ARS approximated fair value due to the frequent resetting of the interest rates.  If an auction fails for amounts we have invested, our investment will not be liquid.  With the continuing liquidity issues experienced in the global credit and capital markets, our ARS have experienced multiple failed auctions.  In September 2007 and February 2008, auctions for $24.9 million and $34.8 million, respectively, of the original purchase value of our investments in ARS had failed.  While we continue to earn interest on these investments based on a pre-determined formula with spreads tied to particular interest rate indices, the estimated market value for a portion of these ARS no longer approximates the original purchase value.
 
At March 31, 2009, the $24.9 million of ARS that failed during September 2007 carried ratings between A and B by Standard & Poors compared to ratings between AAA and AA- at March 31, 2008.  All but $2.5 million of the securities possess credit enhancement in the form of insurance for principal and interest.  The underlying characteristics of $22.4 million of these ARS relate to servicing statutory requirements in the life insurance industry and $2.5 million relate to a specialty finance company whose counterparty rating was downgraded to Baa1 by Moody’s during December 2008.  Moody’s also downgraded the $2.5 million specialty finance company issue we own to Caa3 during December 2008.  Additionally, Moody’s downgraded $7.5 million of the $22.4 million of ARS related to servicing statutory requirements in the life insurance industry from Aa3 to Baa1 during the quarter ending December 31, 2008.  During the first week of January 2009, Moody’s downgraded other securities from the same issuer of the $7.5 million ARS, which we do not own, to D and simultaneously cited their expectation that the series owned by us would have interest payment shortfalls, but that any shortfalls would be paid by the insurer and the ratings on the notes would then become based on the rating of the insurer.  The issuer announced a default as expected in early January 2009 and interest has continuously been paid by the insurer and posted to our account since that time.  All rating change actions have been factored into our fair value estimates for the period ending March 31, 2009.
 
The $24.9 million in failed auctions have continued to fail through the filing date of this report.  As a result, we will not be able to access such funds until a future auction on these investments is successful.  The fair value of the failed ARS has been estimated based on market information and estimates determined by management and could change significantly based on market conditions.  Based on the estimated values, we concluded these investments were other than temporarily impaired and recognized impairment charges on these investments of $2.4 million during fiscal 2008 and $3.6 million during fiscal 2009.  If the issuers are unable to successfully close future auctions or if their credit ratings deteriorate further, we may be required to further adjust the carrying value of the investments through an additional impairment charge to earnings.
 
 
39

 
The $34.8 million of ARS that failed during February 2008 are investments in student loan-backed ARS.  Approximately, $0.2 million, $1.7 million, and $1.0 million of these ARS were redeemed at par by the issuers during the first, second, and third quarters of fiscal 2009, respectively, reducing our overall position to $31.9 million.  Based upon our evaluation of available information, we believe these investments are of high credit quality, as all of the investments carry AAA credit ratings by one or more of the major credit rating agencies and are largely backed by the federal government (Federal Family Education Loan Program).  The fair value of the failed ARS has been estimated based on market information and estimates determined by management and could change significantly based on market conditions.  However, if the issuers are not able to successfully close future auctions or over time are not able to obtain more favorable financing options for their debt issuance needs, including refinancing these obligations into lower rate securities, the market value of these investments could be negatively impacted.
 
In November 2008, we executed an ARS rights agreement (the Rights) with the broker through which we purchased the $31.9 million in ARS that provides (1) us with the right to put these ARS back to the broker at par anytime during the period from June 30, 2010 through July 2, 2012, and (2) the broker with the right to purchase or sell the ARS at par on our behalf anytime through July 2, 2012.  We accounted for the acceptance of the Rights as the receipt of a put option for no consideration and recognized a gain with a corresponding recognition as a long-term investment.  We elected to measure the Rights under the fair value option of SFAS No. 159 and will record changes in the fair value of the Rights in earnings.  We simultaneously recognized an other-than-temporary impairment loss of $5.5 million as we no longer intend to hold these ARS until the fair value recovers, which was recorded in other comprehensive loss in prior quarters.  We reclassified the ARS from available-for-sale to trading securities and future changes in fair value are being recorded in earnings.  During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, we estimated the fair value of the ARS increased by $1.5 million offset by a change in the fair value of the related Rights of $1.5 million, with no net impact to our income statement.  We expect any future changes in the fair value of the ARS to continue to be largely offset by changes in the fair value of the related Rights without any significant net impact to our income statement.  We will continue to measure the ARS and the Rights at fair value (utilizing Level 3 fair value inputs) until the earlier of its maturity or exercise.
 
We continue to monitor the market for ARS and consider its impact, if any, on the fair market value of our investments.  If the market conditions deteriorate further, we may be required to record additional impairment charges.  We intend and have the ability to hold these ARS until the market recovers, or as it relates to the $31.9 million of par value of these ARS, until June 30, 2010 when we have the right to sell the securities at par to the broker.  We do not anticipate having to sell these securities to fund the operation of our business.  We believe that, based on our current unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investment balances, the current lack of liquidity in the credit and capital markets will not have a material impact on our liquidity, cash flow or ability to fund our operations.
 
Our investment in marketable equity securities at March 31, 2009 consists of shares of common stock, the value of which is determined by the closing price of such shares on the respective markets on which the shares are traded as of the balance sheet date. These investments are classified as trading securities and accounted for under the provisions of SFAS No. 115, Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities. The market value of these investments was approximately $79.5 million at March 31, 2009 compared to our cost basis of approximately $85.5 million. The value of our investment in marketable equity securities would be materially impacted if there were a significant change in the market price of the shares.  A hypothetical 30% favorable or unfavorable change in the stock prices compared to the stock prices at March 31, 2009 would have affected the value of our investments in marketable equity securities by approximately $23.9 million. Additionally, we have sold put options on some of our trading securities, which are recorded as accrued liabilities, and are marked to market value.  A decline in the stock price of the underlying security prior to the expiration date of the puts would cause an increase to the liability, which would result in a charge to our results of operations, and could result in the put being exercised by the holder.  If the put is exercised by the holder, we could be required to pay up to $11.0 million for additional shares of common stock, at a price potentially in excess of the then fair market value of the common stock.  A hypothetical 30% unfavorable change in the stock price of the trading security on which we have sold the puts, compared to the stock price at March 31, 2009 could potentially result in the puts being exercised and would result in our paying $11.0 million to acquire the shares of common stock.  The stock would then be marked to market value, affecting the value of our investment by approximately $2.1 million.  (See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information about our investments in marketable equity securities.)
 
We have international operations and are thus subject to foreign currency rate fluctuations.  To date, our exposure related to exchange rate volatility has not been material to our operating results.  Approximately 99% of our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars.  We maintain hedges related to the net of our asset and liability foreign currency exposure as needed.  As of March 31, 2009, there were no foreign currency derivatives outstanding, compared to $2.4 million of foreign currency derivatives outstanding as of March 31, 2008.  If foreign currency rates fluctuate by 15% from the rates at March 31, 2009, the effect on our financial position and results of operation would be immaterial.
 
 
40

 
During the normal course of business we are routinely subjected to a variety of market risks, examples of which include, but are not limited to, interest rate movements, foreign currency fluctuations, and collectability of accounts receivable.  We continuously assess these risks and have established policies and procedures to protect against the adverse effects of these and other potential exposures.  Although we do not anticipate any material losses in these risk areas, no assurance can be made that material losses will not be incurred in these areas in the future. The recent decline in general economic conditions and fluctuations in the global credit and equity markets may adversely affect our financial position and results of operations.
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
The consolidated financial statements listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(1) hereof are filed as part of this Form 10-K.  See also Index to Financial Statements, below.
 
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 
None.
 
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, we evaluated under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended). Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management. Our disclosure controls and procedures include components of our internal control over financial reporting. Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting is expressed at the level of reasonable assurance because a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, but not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met.
 
Management Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on our financial statements.
 
Management assessed our internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2009, the end of our fiscal year.  Management based its assessment on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.  Management’s assessment included evaluation of such elements as the design and operating effectiveness of key financial reporting controls, process documentation, accounting policies, and our overall control environment.  This assessment is supported by testing and monitoring performed by our finance organization.
 
Based on our assessment, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of the end of the fiscal year to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  We reviewed the results of management’s assessment with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.
 
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, who audited our consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-K has issued an attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting, which is included in Part II, Item 9A.
 
 
41

 
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
During the three months ended March 31, 2009, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.


 
42

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
 Microchip Technology Incorporated and subsidiaries
 
We have audited Microchip Technology Incorporated’s internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2009, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria). Microchip Technology Incorporated’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
 
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (U.S.). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
In our opinion, Microchip Technology Incorporated maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of March 31, 2009, based on the COSO criteria.
 
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (U.S.), the March 31, 2009 consolidated financial statements of Microchip Technology Incorporated and our report dated May 28, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
 
/s/   Ernst & Young LLP
 
Phoenix, Arizona
May 28, 2009




 
43

 

 
OTHER INFORMATION
 
In fiscal 2009, each of Steve Sanghi, our Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President, Mitch Little, our Vice President, Worldwide Sales and Applications, Steve Drehobl, our Vice President, Security, Microcontroller and Technology Division, and Rich Simoncic, our Vice President, Analog and Interface Products Division, entered into trading plans as contemplated by Rule 10b-5-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and periodic sales of our common stock are expected to occur under such plans.
 
The foregoing disclosure is being made on a voluntary basis and not pursuant to any specific requirement under Form 10-K, Form 8-K or otherwise.
 
PART III
 

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 
Information on the members of our Board of Directors is incorporated herein by reference to our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders under the captions “The Board of Directors,” and “Proposal One – Election of Directors.”
 
Information on the composition of our audit committee and the members of our audit committee, including information on our audit committee financial experts, is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders under the caption “The Board of Directors – Committees of the Board of Directors – Audit Committee.”
 
Information on our executive officers is provided in Item 1, Part I of this Form 10-K under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” at page 9, above.
 
Information with respect to compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is incorporated herein by reference to our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”
 
Information with respect to our code of ethics that applies to our directors, executive officers (including our principal executive officer and our principal financial and accounting officer) and employees is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders under the caption “Code of Ethics.”  A copy of the Code of Ethics is available on our website at the Investor Relations section under Mission Statement/Corporate Governance on www.microchip.com.
 
Information regarding material changes, if any, to procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to our Board of Directors is incorporated by reference to our proxy statement for the 2009 annual meeting of stockholders under the caption “Requirements, Including Deadlines, for Receipt of Stockholder Proposals for the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders; Discretionary Authority to Vote on Stockholder Proposals.”
 
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 
Information with respect to executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the information under the caption “Executive Compensation” in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.
 
Information with respect to director compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the information under the caption “The Board of Directors – Director Compensation” in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.
 
Information with respect to compensation committee interlocks and insider participation in compensation decisions is incorporated herein by reference to the information under the caption “The Board of Directors – Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.
 
Our Board compensation committee report on executive compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the information under the caption “Executive Compensation – Compensation Committee Report on Executive Compensation” in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.
 
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 
Information with respect to securities authorized for issuance under our equity compensation plans is incorporated herein by reference to the information under the caption “Executive Compensation – Equity Compensation Plan Information” in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.

 
44

 
 
Information with respect to security ownership of certain beneficial owners, members of our Board of Directors and management is incorporated herein by reference to the information under the caption “Security Ownership of Principal Stockholders, Directors and Executive Officers” in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.
 
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
 
The information required by this Item pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption “Certain Transactions” contained in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.
 
The information required by this Item pursuant to Item 407(a) of Regulation S-K regarding the independence of our directors is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption “Meetings of the Board of Directors” contained in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.
 
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
 
The information required by this Item related to principal accountant fees and services as well as related pre-approval policies is incorporated by reference to the information under the caption “Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” contained in our proxy statement for our 2009 annual meeting of stockholders.



 



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45

 

PART IV

EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)         The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K:

   
Page No.
(1)
Financial Statements:
 
 
 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
F-1
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2009 and 2008
 
F-2
 
Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2009
 
F-3
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2009
 
F-4
 
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2009
 
F-5
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
F-6
 
(2)
Financial Statement Schedules
 
 
(3)
The Exhibits filed with this Form 10-K or incorporated herein by reference are set
forth in the Exhibit Index beginning on page 48 hereof, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by this reference.
 

(b)         See Item 15(a)(3) above.

(c)         See “Index to Financial Statements” included under Item 8 to this Form 10-K.


 
46

 

 SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 
MICROCHIP TECHNOLOGY INCORPORATED
 
(Registrant)
   
Date:  May 29, 2009
By:  /s/ Steve Sanghi                                        
 
Steve Sanghi
 
President and Chief Executive Officer


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.


Name and Signature
 
Title
 
Date
         
         
/s/ Steve Sanghi
 
Director, President and
Chief Executive Officer
 
May 29, 2009
Steve Sanghi
       
         
         
/s/ Albert J. Hugo-Martinez
 
Director
 
May 29, 2009
Albert J. Hugo-Martinez
       
         
         
/s/ L.B. Day
 
Director
 
May 29, 2009
L.B. Day
       
         
         
/s/ Matthew W. Chapman
 
Director
 
May 29, 2009
Matthew W. Chapman
       
         
         
/s/ Wade F. Meyercord
 
Director
 
May 29, 2009
Wade F. Meyercord
       
         
         
/s/ J. Eric Bjornholt
 
Vice President and Chief Financial
 
May 29, 2009
J. Eric Bjornholt
 
Officer (Principal Financial
   
   
and Accounting Officer)
   
         






 
47

 


EXHIBITS

   
Incorporated by Reference
 
Exhibit Number
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
File Number
 
Exhibit
Filing Date
Filed Herewith
             
2.1
Purchase and Sale Agreement, dated as of July 18, 2002 between Registrant and Fujitsu Microelectronics, Inc.
8-K
000-21184
2.1
7/18/02
 
3.1
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant
10-Q
000-21184
3.1
11/12/02
 
3.2
Amended and Restated By-Laws of Registrant, as amended through January 29, 2007
10-Q
000-21184
3.1
2/6/07
 
4.1
First Amendment to Preferred Shares Rights Agreement dated January 9, 2007
10-Q
000-21184
4.1
2/6/07
 
4.2
Amended and Restated Preferred Shares Rights Agreement, dated as of October 11, 1999, between Registrant and Norwest Bank Minnesota, N.A.,  including the Amended Certificate of Designations, the form of Rights Certificate and the Summary of Rights, attached as exhibits thereto
8-K
000-21184
4.1
10/12/99
 
4.3
Indenture, dated as of December 7, 2007, by and between Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Trustee, and Microchip Technology Incorporated
8-K
000-21184
4.1
12/7/07
 
4.4
Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 7, 2007, by and between J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Microchip Technology Incorporated
8-K
000-21184
4.2
12/7/07
 
10.1
Form of Indemnification Agreement between Registrant and its directors and certain of its officers
S-1
33-57960
10.1
2/5/93
 
10.2
*2004 Equity Incentive Plan as amended and restated by the Board on May 1, 2006
10-Q
000-21184
10.3
2/6/07
 
10.3
*Form of Notice of Grant for 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (including Exhibit A Stock Option Agreement)
S-8
333-119939
4.5
10/25/04
 
10.4
*Form of Notice of Grant (Foreign) for 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (including Exhibit A Stock Option Agreement (Foreign)
10-K
000-21184
10.4
5/23/05
 
10.5
*Restricted Stock Units Agreement (Domestic) for 2004 Equity Incentive Plan
10-Q
000-21184
10.3
11/7/07
 
10.6
Restricted Stock Units Agreement (Foreign) for 2004 Equity Incentive Plan
10-Q
000-21184
10.4
11/7/08
 
10.7
*Form of Notice of Grant of Restricted Stock Units for 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (including Exhibit A Restricted Stock Units Agreement)
10-K
000-21184
10.6
5/31/06
 
10.8
*1993 Stock Option Plan, as Amended through August 16, 2002
10-Q
000-21184
10.1
11/12/02
 
10.9
*Form of Notice of Grant For 1993 Stock Option Plan, with Exhibit A thereto, Form of Stock Option Agreement; and Exhibit B thereto, Form of Stock Purchase Agreement
S-8
333-872
10.6
1/23/96
 
 
 
48


 
EXHIBITS (cont’d.)

   
Incorporated by Reference
 
Exhibit Number
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
File Number
 
Exhibit
Filing Date
Filed Herewith
10.10
*Microchip Technology Incorporated 2001 Employee Stock Purchase Plan as amended through August 15, 2003 (including Enrollment Form, Stock Purchase Agreement, and Change Form)
S-8
333-140773
4.4
2/16/07
 
10.11
*1997 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, as Amended Through March 3, 2003
10-K
000-21184
10.13
6/5/03
 
10.12
*Form of Notice of Grant For 1997 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan, with Exhibit A thereto, Form of Stock Option Agreement
10-K
000-21184
10.17
5/27/98
 
10.13
Microchip Technology Incorporated International Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended through May 1, 2006
S-8
333-140773
4.1
2/16/07
 
10.14
Microchip Technology Incorporated International Stock Purchase Agreement (including attached Form of Enrollment Form)
S-8
333-140773
4.2
2/16/07
 
10.15
Form of Change Form for Microchip Technology Incorporated International Employee Stock Purchase Plan
S-8
333-140773
4.3
2/16/07
 
10.16
*Executive Management Incentive Compensation Plan
10-Q
000-21184
10.4
2/6/07
 
10.17
*Discretionary Executive Management Incentive Compensation Plan
10-Q
000-21184
10.5
2/6/07
 
10.18
*Management Incentive Compensation Plan amended by Board of Directors August 14, 2008
10-Q
000-21184
10.1
11/7/08
 
10.19
TelCom Semiconductor, Inc. 1994 Stock Option Plan and forms of agreements thereunder
S-8
333-53876
4.1
1/18/01
 
10.20
TelCom Semiconductor, Inc. 2000 Nonstatutory Stock Option Plan and forms of agreements used thereunder
S-8
333-53876
4.4
1/18/01
 
10.21
PowerSmart, Inc. 1998 Stock Incentive Plan, Including Forms of Incentive Stock Option Agreement and Nonqualified Stock Option Agreement
S-8
333-96791
4.1
7/19/02
 
10.22
*February 3, 2003 Amendment to the Adoption Agreement to the Microchip Technology Incorporated Supplemental Retirement Plan
10-K
000-21184
10.28
6/5/03
 
10.23
*Amendment dated August 29, 2001 to the Microchip Technology Incorporated Supplemental Retirement Plan
S-8
333-101696
4.1.2
12/6/02
 
10.24
*Amendment Dated December 9, 1999 to the Adoption Agreement to the Microchip Technology Incorporated Supplemental Retirement Plan
S-8
333-101696
4.1.4
12/6/02
 



49



EXHIBITS (cont’d.)

   
Incorporated by Reference
 
Exhibit Number
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
File Number
 
Exhibit
Filing Date
Filed Herewith
10.25
*Adoption Agreement to the Microchip Technology Incorporated Supplemental Retirement Plan dated January 1, 1997
S-8
333-101696
4.1.3
12/6/02
 
10.26
*Microchip Technology Incorporated Supplemental Retirement Plan