ZION-2013.03.31-10Q



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
 
ý
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2013
or
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from         to                         
COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 001-12307
ZIONS BANCORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 
UTAH
87-0227400
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
 
 
One South Main, 15th Floor
Salt Lake City, Utah
84133
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (801) 524-4787
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  ý    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer
ý
Accelerated filer
¨
 
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer
¨
Smaller reporting company
¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  ý
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Common Stock, without par value, outstanding at April 30, 2013
184,249,786 shares



Table of Contents

ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX
 
 
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 3.
 
 
 
Item 4.
 
 
 
 
 
 
Item 1.
 
 
 
Item 1A.
 
 
 
Item 2.
 
 
 
Item 6.
 
 
Signatures

2


Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share amounts)

March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
(Unaudited)
 
 
ASSETS
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
928,817

 
$
1,841,907

Money market investments:
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
5,785,268

 
5,978,978

Federal funds sold and security resell agreements
2,340,177

 
2,775,354

Investment securities:
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity, at adjusted cost (approximate fair value $684,668 and $674,741)
736,158

 
756,909

Available-for-sale, at fair value
3,287,844

 
3,091,310

Trading account, at fair value
28,301

 
28,290

 
4,052,303

 
3,876,509

 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
161,559

 
251,651

Loans, net of unearned income and fees:
 
 
 
Loans and leases
37,284,694

 
37,137,006

FDIC-supported loans
477,725

 
528,241

 
37,762,419

 
37,665,247

Less allowance for loan losses
841,781

 
896,087

Loans, net of allowance
36,920,638

 
36,769,160

 
 
 
 
Other noninterest-bearing investments
855,388

 
855,462

Premises and equipment, net
706,746

 
708,882

Goodwill
1,014,129

 
1,014,129

Core deposit and other intangibles
47,000

 
50,818

Other real estate owned
89,904

 
98,151

Other assets
1,208,635

 
1,290,917

 
$
54,110,564

 
$
55,511,918

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Deposits:
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing demand
$
17,311,150

 
$
18,469,458

Interest-bearing:
 
 
 
Savings and money market
22,760,397

 
22,896,624

Time
2,889,903

 
2,962,931

Foreign
1,528,745

 
1,804,060

 
44,490,195

 
46,133,073

 
 
 
 
Securities sold, not yet purchased
1,662

 
26,735

Federal funds purchased and security repurchase agreements
325,107

 
320,478

Other short-term borrowings

 
5,409

Long-term debt
2,352,569

 
2,337,113

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
100,455

 
106,809

Other liabilities
489,923

 
533,660

Total liabilities
47,759,911

 
49,463,277

 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, without par value, authorized 4,400,000 shares
1,301,289

 
1,128,302

Common stock, without par value; authorized 350,000,000 shares; issued
and outstanding 184,246,471 and 184,199,198 shares
4,170,888

 
4,166,109

Retained earnings
1,290,131

 
1,203,815

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(406,903
)
 
(446,157
)
Controlling interest shareholders’ equity
6,355,405

 
6,052,069

Noncontrolling interests
(4,752
)
 
(3,428
)
Total shareholders’ equity
6,350,653

 
6,048,641

 
$
54,110,564

 
$
55,511,918

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

3


Table of Contents

ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

Three Months Ended March 31,
2013
 
2012
Interest income:
 
 
 
Interest and fees on loans
$
453,433

 
$
481,794

Interest on money market investments
5,439

 
4,628

Interest on securities:
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
7,974

 
8,959

Available-for-sale
17,712

 
23,158

Trading account
190

 
338

Total interest income
484,748

 
518,877

Interest expense:
 
 
 
Interest on deposits
15,642

 
23,413

Interest on short-term borrowings
92

 
779

Interest on long-term debt
50,899

 
57,207

Total interest expense
66,633

 
81,399

Net interest income
418,115

 
437,478

Provision for loan losses
(29,035
)
 
15,664

Net interest income after provision for loan losses
447,150

 
421,814

Noninterest income:
 
 
 
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts
43,580

 
43,532

Other service charges, commissions and fees
42,731

 
39,047

Trust and wealth management income
6,994

 
6,374

Capital markets and foreign exchange
7,486

 
5,734

Dividends and other investment income
12,724

 
9,480

Loan sales and servicing income
10,951

 
8,352

Fair value and nonhedge derivative loss
(5,445
)
 
(4,400
)
Equity securities gains, net
2,832

 
9,145

Fixed income securities gains, net
3,299

 
720

Impairment losses on investment securities:
 
 
 
Impairment losses on investment securities
(31,493
)
 
(18,273
)
Noncredit-related losses on securities not expected to be sold (recognized in other comprehensive income)
21,376

 
8,064

Net impairment losses on investment securities
(10,117
)
 
(10,209
)
Other
6,184

 
4,045

Total noninterest income
121,219

 
111,820

Noninterest expense:
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
229,789

 
224,634

Occupancy, net
27,389

 
27,951

Furniture and equipment
26,074

 
26,792

Other real estate expense
1,977

 
7,810

Credit-related expense
10,482

 
13,485

Provision for unfunded lending commitments
(6,354
)
 
(3,704
)
Legal and professional services
10,471

 
11,096

Advertising
5,893

 
5,807

FDIC premiums
9,711

 
10,919

Amortization of core deposit and other intangibles
3,819

 
4,291

Other
78,097

 
63,291

Total noninterest expense
397,348

 
392,372

Income before income taxes
171,021

 
141,262

Income taxes
60,634

 
51,859

Net income
110,387

 
89,403

Net loss applicable to noncontrolling interests
(336
)
 
(273
)
Net income applicable to controlling interest
110,723

 
89,676

Preferred stock dividends
(22,399
)
 
(64,187
)
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders
$
88,324

 
$
25,489

Weighted average common shares outstanding during the period:
 
 
 
Basic shares
183,396

 
182,798

Diluted shares
183,655

 
182,964

Net earnings per common share:
 
 
 
Basic
$
0.48

 
$
0.14

Diluted
0.48

 
0.14

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

4


Table of Contents

ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(In thousands)
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
110,387

 
$
89,403

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
 
 
 
 
Net realized and unrealized holding gains on investments
 
48,796

 
22,614

Reclassification for net losses on investments included in earnings
 
3,962

 
5,798

Noncredit-related impairment losses on securities not expected to be sold
 
(12,754
)
 
(4,980
)
Accretion of securities with noncredit-related impairment losses not expected to be sold
 
209

 
165

Net unrealized losses on derivative instruments
 
(959
)
 
(3,080
)
Other comprehensive income
 
39,254

 
20,517

Comprehensive income
 
149,641

 
109,920

Comprehensive loss applicable to noncontrolling interests
 
(336
)
 
(273
)
Comprehensive income applicable to controlling interest
 
$
149,977

 
$
110,193

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

5


Table of Contents

ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
(In thousands, except share
and per share amounts)
Preferred
stock
 
Common stock
 
Retained earnings
 
Accumulated
other
comprehensive income (loss)
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
Total
shareholders’ equity
Shares
 
Amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
1,128,302

 
184,199,198

 
$
4,166,109

 
$
1,203,815

 
 
$
(446,157
)
 
 
 
$
(3,428
)
 
 
$
6,048,641

Net income (loss) for the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
110,723

 
 
 
 
 
 
(336
)
 
 
110,387

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39,254

 
 
 
 
 
 
39,254

Issuance of preferred stock
171,827

 
 
 
(3,076
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
168,751

Subordinated debt converted to preferred stock
1,160

 
 
 
(169
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
991

Net activity under employee plans and related tax benefits
 
 
47,273

 
7,438

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7,438

Dividends on preferred stock


 
 
 
 
 
(22,399
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(22,399
)
Dividends on common stock, $0.01 per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,833
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,833
)
Change in deferred compensation
 
 
 
 
 
 
(175
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(175
)
Other changes in noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
586

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(988
)
 
 
(402
)
Balance at March 31, 2013
$
1,301,289

 
184,246,471

 
$
4,170,888

 
$
1,290,131

 
 
$
(406,903
)
 
 
 
$
(4,752
)
 
 
$
6,350,653

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
2,377,560

 
184,135,388

 
$
4,163,242

 
$
1,036,590

 
 
$
(592,084
)
 
 
 
$
(2,080
)
 
 
$
6,983,228

Net income (loss) for the period
 
 
 
 
 
 
89,676

 
 
 
 
 
 
(273
)
 
 
89,403

Other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20,517

 
 
 
 
 
 
20,517

Preferred stock redemption
(700,000
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(700,000
)
Subordinated debt converted to preferred stock
34,839

 
 
 
(5,065
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29,774

Net activity under employee plans and related tax benefits
 
 
92,790

 
4,345

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,345

Dividends on preferred stock
25,234

 
 
 
 
 
(64,187
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(38,953
)
Dividends on common stock, $0.01 per share
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,843
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,843
)
Change in deferred compensation
 
 
 
 
 
 
289

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
289

Other changes in noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18

 
 
18

Balance at March 31, 2012
$
1,737,633

 
184,228,178

 
$
4,162,522

 
$
1,060,525

 
 
$
(571,567
)
 
 
 
$
(2,335
)
 
 
$
6,386,778

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

6


Table of Contents

ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
(In thousands)

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2013
 
2012
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net income for the period
$
110,387

 
$
89,403

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by
operating activities:
 
 
 
Net impairment losses on investment securities
10,117

 
10,209

Provision for credit losses
(35,389
)
 
11,960

Depreciation and amortization
46,233

 
57,143

Deferred income tax expense
1,282

 
19,685

Net decrease (increase) in trading securities
(11
)
 
21,240

Net decrease in loans held for sale
89,996

 
20,913

Net write-downs of and gains/losses from sales of
other real estate owned
53

 
7,832

Change in other liabilities
(48,477
)
 
(18,799
)
Change in other assets
51,580

 
50,425

Other, net
(15,505
)
 
(21,916
)
Net cash provided by operating activities
210,266

 
248,095

 
 
 
 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net decrease (increase) in money market investments
628,887

 
(558,979
)
Proceeds from maturities and paydowns of investment securities
held-to-maturity
53,612

 
20,579

Purchases of investment securities held-to-maturity
(45,800
)
 
(9,277
)
Proceeds from sales, maturities, and paydowns of investment securities available-for-sale
359,223

 
440,982

Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale
(486,975
)
 
(406,303
)
Proceeds from sales of loans and leases
6,011

 
26,309

Net loan and lease collections (originations)
(134,837
)
 
415,411

Net decrease in other noninterest-bearing investments
7,388

 
5,729

Net purchases of premises and equipment
(15,800
)
 
(15,162
)
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned
27,974

 
39,399

Net cash paid for divestitures

 
(22,568
)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
399,683

 
(63,880
)
 
 
 
 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Net increase (decrease) in deposits
(1,642,878
)
 
252,837

Net change in short-term funds borrowed
(25,853
)
 
(168,831
)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
19,362

 
332,750

Repayments of long-term debt
(18,398
)
 
(141
)
Cash paid for preferred stock redemption

 
(700,000
)
Proceeds from issuances of common and preferred stock
169,399

 
342

Dividends paid on common and preferred stock
(24,232
)
 
(40,796
)
Other, net
(439
)
 
(2,540
)
Net cash used in financing activities
(1,523,039
)
 
(326,379
)
Net decrease in cash and due from banks
(913,090
)
 
(142,164
)
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period
1,841,907

 
1,224,350

Cash and due from banks at end of period
$
928,817

 
$
1,082,186

 
 
 
 
Cash paid for interest
$
62,131

 
$
62,789

Net cash paid (refund received) for income taxes
3,565

 
(21,668
)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

7


Table of Contents

ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
March 31, 2013

1.
BASIS OF PRESENTATION
The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Zions Bancorporation (“the Parent”) and its majority-owned subsidiaries (collectively “the Company,” “Zions,” “we,” “our,” “us”) have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. References to GAAP, including standards promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), are made according to sections of the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and to Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”). Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in future periods. The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2012 is from the audited financial statements at that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The Company provides a full range of banking and related services through subsidiary banks in ten Western and Southwestern states as follows: Zions First National Bank (“Zions Bank”), in Utah and Idaho; California Bank & Trust (“CB&T”); Amegy Corporation (“Amegy”) and its subsidiary, Amegy Bank, in Texas; National Bank of Arizona (“NBAZ”); Nevada State Bank (“NSB”); Vectra Bank Colorado (“Vectra”), in Colorado and New Mexico; The Commerce Bank of Washington (“TCBW”); and The Commerce Bank of Oregon (“TCBO”). The Parent and its subsidiary banks also own and operate certain nonbank subsidiaries that engage in financial services.

2.
SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Noncash activities are summarized as follows:
 (In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
Loans transferred to other real estate owned
$
23,442

 
$
52,575

Beneficial conversion feature transferred from common stock to preferred stock as a result of subordinated debt conversions
169

 
5,065

Subordinated debt converted to preferred stock
991

 
29,774


3.
CASH AND MONEY MARKET INVESTMENTS
Effective January 1, 2013, we adopted ASU 2013-01, Clarifying the Scope of Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities, which limited the scope of ASU 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This new guidance under ASC 210, Balance Sheet, applies to the offsetting of derivatives (including bifurcated embedded derivatives), repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase (or resell) agreements, and securities borrowing and lending transactions. To provide convergence with disclosures under International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), the new guidance requires entities to present both gross and net information about these financial instruments, including those subject to a master netting arrangement. The change in disclosure is required on a retrospective basis for all prior periods presented.

8

Table of Contents

ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES




Security resell and repurchase agreements are offset in the balance sheet according to master netting agreements. Derivative instruments may be offset under their master netting agreements; however, for accounting purposes, we present these items on a gross basis in the Company’s balance sheet. See Note 6 for further information regarding derivative instruments.

Gross and net information for selected financial instruments in the balance sheet is as follows:
 
 
March 31, 2013
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
 
 
Description
 
Gross amounts recognized
 
Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet
 
Net amounts presented in the balance sheet
 
Financial instruments
 
Cash collateral received/pledged
 
Net amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds sold and security resell agreements
 
$
2,590,177

 
$
(250,000
)
 
$
2,340,177

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,340,177

Derivatives (included in other assets)
 
71,994

 

 
71,994

 
(255
)
 

 
71,739

 
 
$
2,662,171

 
$
(250,000
)
 
$
2,412,171

 
$
(255
)
 
$

 
$
2,411,916

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and security repurchase agreements
 
$
575,107

 
$
(250,000
)
 
$
325,107

 
$

 
$

 
$
325,107

Derivatives (included in other liabilities)
 
79,712

 

 
79,712

 
(255
)
 
(72,882
)
 
6,575

 
 
$
654,819

 
$
(250,000
)
 
$
404,819

 
$
(255
)
 
$
(72,882
)
 
$
331,682


 
 
December 31, 2012
(In thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
 
 
Description
 
Gross amounts recognized
 
Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet
 
Net amounts presented in the balance sheet
 
Financial instruments
 
Cash collateral received/pledged
 
Net amount
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds sold and security resell agreements
 
$
3,675,354

 
$
(900,000
)
 
$
2,775,354

 
$

 
$

 
$
2,775,354

Derivatives (included in other assets)
 
81,810

 

 
81,810

 
(409
)
 

 
81,401

 
 
$
3,757,164

 
$
(900,000
)
 
$
2,857,164

 
$
(409
)
 
$

 
$
2,856,755

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds purchased and security repurchase agreements
 
$
1,220,478

 
$
(900,000
)
 
$
320,478

 
$

 
$

 
$
320,478

Derivatives (included in other liabilities)
 
89,100

 

 
89,100

 
(409
)
 
(81,683
)
 
7,008

 
 
$
1,309,578

 
$
(900,000
)
 
$
409,578

 
$
(409
)
 
$
(81,683
)
 
$
327,486



9

Table of Contents

ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



4.
INVESTMENT SECURITIES 
Investment securities are summarized below. Note 9 discusses the process to estimate fair value for investment securities.
 
March 31, 2013
 
 
 
Recognized in OCI 1
 
 
 
Not recognized in OCI
 
 
(In thousands)
 
Amortized
cost
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Carrying
value
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Estimated
fair
value
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
$
517,199

 
$

 
$

 
$
517,199

 
$
13,134

 
$
912

 
$
529,421

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance
255,238

 

 
55,675

 
199,563

 
2,599

 
58,743

 
143,419

Other
21,695

 

 
2,399

 
19,296

 
779

 
8,347

 
11,728

Other debt securities
100

 

 

 
100

 

 

 
100

 
$
794,232

 
$

 
$
58,074

 
$
736,158

 
$
16,512

 
$
68,002

 
$
684,668

Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
$
54,346

 
$
188

 
$

 
$
54,534

 
 
 
 
 
$
54,534

U.S. Government agencies and corporations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency securities
273,658

 
3,418

 
80

 
276,996

 
 
 
 
 
276,996

Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities
372,863

 
17,075

 
74

 
389,864

 
 
 
 
 
389,864

Small Business Administration loan-backed securities
1,086,540

 
29,503

 
785

 
1,115,258

 
 
 
 
 
1,115,258

Municipal securities
69,808

 
2,327

 
1,227

 
70,908

 
 
 
 
 
70,908

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance
1,571,338

 
21,991

 
590,105

 
1,003,224

 
 
 
 
 
1,003,224

Trust preferred securities – real estate investment trusts
40,548

 

 
23,242

 
17,306

 
 
 
 
 
17,306

Auction rate securities
6,505

 
80

 
61

 
6,524

 
 
 
 
 
6,524

Other
22,903

 
626

 
4,286

 
19,243

 
 
 
 
 
19,243

 
3,498,509

 
75,208

 
619,860

 
2,953,857

 
 
 
 

2,953,857

Mutual funds and other
336,171

 
160

 
2,344

 
333,987

 
 
 
 
 
333,987

 
$
3,834,680

 
$
75,368

 
$
622,204

 
$
3,287,844

 
 
 
 
 
$
3,287,844

 

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December 31, 2012
 
 
 
Recognized in OCI 1
 
 
 
Not recognized in OCI
 
 
(In thousands) 

Amortized
cost
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Carrying
value
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Estimated
fair
value
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
$
524,738

 
$

 
$

 
$
524,738

 
$
12,837

 
$
709

 
$
536,866

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance
255,647

 

 
42,964

 
212,683

 
114

 
86,596

 
126,201

Other
21,858

 

 
2,470

 
19,388

 
709

 
8,523

 
11,574

Other debt securities
100

 

 

 
100

 

 

 
100

 
$
802,343

 
$

 
$
45,434

 
$
756,909

 
$
13,660

 
$
95,828

 
$
674,741

Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
$
104,313

 
$
211

 
$

 
$
104,524

 
 
 
 
 
$
104,524

U.S. Government agencies and corporations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Agency securities
108,814

 
3,959

 
116

 
112,657

 
 
 
 
 
112,657

Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities
406,928

 
18,598

 
16

 
425,510

 
 
 
 
 
425,510

Small Business Administration loan-backed securities
1,124,322

 
29,245

 
639

 
1,152,928

 
 
 
 
 
1,152,928

Municipal securities
75,344

 
2,622

 
1,970

 
75,996

 
 
 
 
 
75,996

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance
1,596,156

 
16,687

 
663,451

 
949,392

 
 
 
 
 
949,392

Trust preferred securities – real estate investment trusts
40,485

 

 
24,082

 
16,403

 
 
 
 
 
16,403

Auction rate securities
6,504

 
79

 
68

 
6,515

 
 
 
 
 
6,515

Other
25,614

 
701

 
6,941

 
19,374

 
 
 
 
 
19,374

 
3,488,480

 
72,102

 
697,283

 
2,863,299

 
 
 
 
 
2,863,299

Mutual funds and other
228,469

 
194

 
652

 
228,011

 
 
 
 
 
228,011

 
$
3,716,949

 
$
72,296

 
$
697,935

 
$
3,091,310

 
 
 
 
 
$
3,091,310

1The gross unrealized losses recognized in other comprehensive income (OCI) on held-to-maturity (HTM) securities primarily resulted from a previous transfer of available-for-sale (AFS) securities to HTM.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment debt securities are shown subsequently as of March 31, 2013 by expected maturity distribution for structured asset-backed collateralized debt obligations and by contractual maturity distribution for other debt securities. Actual maturities may differ from expected or contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties:
 
 
Held-to-maturity
 
Available-for-sale
(In thousands)
Amortized
cost
 
Estimated
fair
value
 
Amortized
cost
 
Estimated
fair
value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Due in one year or less
$
56,850

 
$
56,822

 
$
475,173

 
$
445,900

Due after one year through five years
176,522

 
175,404

 
1,080,560

 
1,001,467

Due after five years through ten years
191,103

 
163,282

 
644,020

 
582,997

Due after ten years
369,757

 
289,160

 
1,298,756

 
923,493

 
$
794,232

 
$
684,668

 
$
3,498,509

 
$
2,953,857

 

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The following is a summary of the amount of gross unrealized losses for investment securities and the estimated fair value by length of time the securities have been in an unrealized loss position:
 
March 31, 2013
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
(In thousands)
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Estimated
fair
value
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Estimated
fair
value
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
Estimated
fair
value
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
$
885

 
$
43,048

 
$
27

 
$
2,899

 
$
912

 
$
45,947

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance
97

 
56

 
114,321

 
143,363

 
114,418

 
143,419

Other

 

 
10,746

 
11,233

 
10,746

 
11,233

 
$
982

 
$
43,104

 
$
125,094

 
$
157,495

 
$
126,076

 
$
200,599

Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency securities
$
7

 
$
8,199

 
$
73

 
$
6,954

 
$
80

 
$
15,153

Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities
70

 
13,190

 
4

 
568

 
74

 
13,758

Small Business Administration loan-backed securities
55

 
14,056

 
730

 
62,081

 
785

 
76,137

Municipal securities
18

 
2,487

 
1,209

 
9,407

 
1,227

 
11,894

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 


Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance

 

 
590,105

 
827,166

 
590,105

 
827,166

Trust preferred securities – real estate investment trusts

 

 
23,242

 
17,306

 
23,242

 
17,306

Auction rate securities

 

 
61

 
2,465

 
61

 
2,465

Other

 

 
4,286

 
15,475

 
4,286

 
15,475

 
150

 
37,932

 
619,710

 
941,422

 
619,860

 
979,354

Mutual funds and other
2,344

 
127,748

 

 

 
2,344

 
127,748

 
$
2,494

 
$
165,680

 
$
619,710

 
$
941,422

 
$
622,204

 
$
1,107,102


 

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December 31, 2012
 
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
Total
 
(In thousands)
 
Gross unrealized losses
 
Estimated fair value
 
Gross unrealized losses
 
Estimated fair value
 
Gross unrealized losses
 
Estimated fair value
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
$
630

 
$
42,613

 
$
79

 
$
5,910

 
$
709

 
$
48,523

 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance

 

 
129,560

 
126,019

 
129,560

 
126,019

 
Other

 

 
10,993

 
10,904

 
10,993

 
10,904

 
Other debt securities

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
$
630

 
$
42,613

 
$
140,632

 
$
142,833

 
$
141,262

 
$
185,446

 
Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Government agencies and corporations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency securities
$
35

 
$
18,633

 
$
81

 
$
6,916

 
$
116

 
$
25,549

 
Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities
10

 
6,032

 
6

 
629

 
16

 
6,661

 
Small Business Administration loan-backed securities
91

 
15,199

 
548

 
69,011

 
639

 
84,210

 
Municipal securities
61

 
4,898

 
1,909

 
11,768

 
1,970

 
16,666

 
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance

 

 
663,451

 
765,421

 
663,451

 
765,421

 
Trust preferred securities – real estate investment trusts

 

 
24,082

 
16,403

 
24,082

 
16,403

 
Auction rate securities

 

 
68

 
2,459

 
68

 
2,459

 
Other

 

 
6,941

 
15,234

 
6,941

 
15,234

 
 
197

 
44,762

 
697,086

 
887,841

 
697,283

 
932,603

 
Mutual funds and other
652

 
112,324

 

 

 
652

 
112,324

 
 
$
849

 
$
157,086

 
$
697,086

 
$
887,841

 
$
697,935

 
$
1,044,927

At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively, 102 and 84 HTM and 239 and 256 AFS investment securities were in an unrealized loss position.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
We conduct a formal review of investment securities on a quarterly basis for the presence of other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). We assess whether OTTI is present when the fair value of a debt security is less than its amortized cost basis at the balance sheet date (the vast majority of the investment portfolio are debt securities). Under these circumstances, OTTI is considered to have occurred if (1) we intend to sell the security; (2) it is “more likely than not” we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis; or (3) the present value of expected cash flows is not sufficient to recover the entire amortized cost basis.

Credit-related OTTI is recognized in earnings while noncredit-related OTTI on securities not expected to be sold is recognized in OCI. Noncredit-related OTTI is based on other factors, including illiquidity. Presentation of OTTI is made in the statement of income on a gross basis with an offset for the amount of OTTI recognized in OCI. For securities classified as HTM, the amount of noncredit-related OTTI recognized in OCI is accreted using the effective interest rate method to the credit-adjusted expected cash flow amounts of the securities over future periods.

Our 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K describes in more detail our OTTI evaluation process. The following summarizes the conclusions from our OTTI evaluation for those security types that have significant gross unrealized losses at March 31, 2013:

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OTTI Municipal Securities
The HTM securities are purchased directly from municipalities and are generally not rated by a credit rating agency. Most of the AFS securities are rated as investment grade by various credit rating agencies. Both the HTM and AFS securities are at fixed and variable rates with maturities from one to 25 years. Fair value changes of these securities are largely driven by interest rates. We perform credit quality reviews on these securities at each reporting period. Because the decline in fair value is not attributable to credit quality, no OTTI for these securities was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2013.

OTTI – Asset-Backed Securities
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance: These collateralized debt obligation (“CDO”) securities are interests in variable rate pools of trust preferred securities issued by trusts related to bank holding companies and insurance companies (“collateral issuers”). They are rated by one or more Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organizations (“NRSROs”), which are rating agencies registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The more junior securities were purchased generally at par, while the senior securities were purchased from Lockhart Funding LLC (“Lockhart”) at their carrying values (generally par) and then adjusted to their lower fair values. The primary drivers that have given rise to the unrealized losses on CDOs with bank and insurance collateral are listed below:
1)
Market yield requirements for bank CDO securities remain high. The financial crisis and economic downturn resulted in significant utilization of both the unique five-year deferral option, which each collateral issuer maintains during the life of the CDO, and the payment in kind feature described subsequently. The resulting increase in the rate of return demanded by the market for trust preferred CDOs remains dramatically higher than the contractual interest rates. Virtually all structured asset-backed security (“ABS”) fair values, including bank CDOs, deteriorated significantly during the recent financial crisis, generally reaching a low in mid-2009. Prices for some structured products have since rebounded as the crucial unknowns related to value became resolved and as trading increased in these securities. Unlike these other structured products, CDO tranches backed by bank trust preferred securities continue to be characterized by considerable uncertainty surrounding collateral behavior, specifically including, but not limited to, prepayments; the future number, size and timing of bank failures; holding company bankruptcies; and allowed deferrals and subsequent resumption of payment or default due to nonpayment of contractual interest.
2)
Structural features of the collateral make these CDO tranches difficult to model. The first feature unique to bank CDOs is the interest deferral feature previously noted. Throughout the financial crisis starting in 2008, certain banks within our CDO pools have exercised this prerogative. The extent to which these deferrals are likely to either transition to default or, alternatively, come current prior to the five-year deadline is extremely difficult for market participants to assess. Our CDO pools include a bank that first exercised this deferral option as early as the second quarter of 2008. At March 31, 2013, 83 banks underlying our CDO tranches had come current after a period of deferral, while 183 were deferring, but remained within the allowed deferral period.
A second structural feature that is difficult to model is the payment in kind (“PIK”) feature, which provides that upon reaching certain levels of collateral default or deferral, certain junior CDO tranches will not receive current interest but will instead have the interest amount that is unpaid capitalized or deferred. The cash flow that would otherwise be paid to the junior CDO securities and the income notes is instead used to pay down the principal balance of the most senior CDO securities. The delay in payment caused by PIKing results in lower security fair values even if PIKing is projected to be fully cured. This feature is difficult to model and assess. It increases the risk premium the market applies to these securities.
3)
Ratings are generally below investment grade for even some of the most senior tranches. Ratings on a number of CDO tranches vary significantly among rating agencies. The presence of a below-investment-grade rating by even a single rating agency will severely limit the pool of buyers, which causes greater

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illiquidity and therefore most likely a higher implicit discount rate/lower price with regard to that CDO tranche.
4)
There is a lack of consistent disclosure by each CDO’s trustee of the identity of collateral issuers; in addition, complex structures make projecting tranche return profiles difficult for nonspecialists in the product.
5)
At purchase, the expectation of cash flow variability was limited. As a result of the crisis, we have seen extreme variability of collateral performance both compared to expectations and between different pools.

Effective December 31, 2012, we added a probability of default (“PD”) overlay model for deferrals to the ratio-based PD model we have used for several years. While the historic ratio-based PD model had proven predictive of bank closures, we observed new emerging loss patterns from long-term deferrals in late 2012. Developments supported greater risk of bankruptcy, debt restructurings, or alternative actions that could cause loss in excess of ratio-based PDs for remaining deferrals. The PD overlay model for deferrals quantified these risks for the remaining deferrals.
Our ongoing review of these securities determined that OTTI should be recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2013.

Trust preferred securities – real estate investment trusts (“REITs”): These CDO securities are variable rate pools of trust preferred securities primarily related to REITs, and are rated by one or more NRSROs. They were purchased generally at par. Unrealized losses were caused mainly by severe deterioration in mortgage REITs and homebuilder credit in addition to the same factors previously discussed for banks and insurance CDOs. Based on our review, no OTTI for these securities was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2013.
Other asset-backed securities: Most of these CDO securities were purchased in 2009 from Lockhart at their carrying values and then adjusted to fair value. Certain of these CDOs consist of ABS CDOs (also known as diversified structured finance CDOs). Unrealized losses since acquisition were caused mainly by deterioration in collateral quality and widening of credit spreads for asset backed securities. Based on our review, no OTTI for these securities was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2013.

OTTI – U.S. Government Agencies and Corporations
Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Loan-Backed Securities: These securities were generally purchased at premiums with maturities from five to 25 years and have principal cash flows guaranteed by the SBA. Because the decline in fair value is not attributable to credit quality, no OTTI for these securities was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2013.
The following is a tabular rollforward of the total amount of credit-related OTTI:
(In thousands)

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2013
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2012
HTM
 
AFS
 
Total
 
HTM
 
AFS
 
Total
Balance of credit-related OTTI at beginning
of period
$
(13,549
)
 
$
(394,494
)
 
$
(408,043
)
 
$
(6,126
)
 
$
(314,860
)
 
$
(320,986
)
Additions recognized in earnings during the period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit-related OTTI on securities not previously impaired
(403
)
 

 
(403
)
 

 

 

Additional credit-related OTTI on securities previously impaired

 
(9,714
)
 
(9,714
)
 

 
(10,209
)
 
(10,209
)
Subtotal of amounts recognized in earnings
(403
)
 
(9,714
)
 
(10,117
)
 

 
(10,209
)
 
(10,209
)
Reductions for securities sold or paid off during the period

 

 

 

 
16,853

 
16,853

Balance of credit-related OTTI at end of period
$
(13,952
)
 
$
(404,208
)
 
$
(418,160
)
 
$
(6,126
)
 
$
(308,216
)
 
$
(314,342
)


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To determine the credit component of OTTI for all security types, we utilize projected cash flows as the best estimate of fair value. These cash flows are credit adjusted using, among other things, assumptions for default probability assigned to each portion of performing collateral. The credit-adjusted cash flows are discounted at a security specific coupon rate to identify any OTTI, and then at a market rate for valuation purposes.
For those securities with credit-related OTTI recognized in the statement of income, the amounts of pretax noncredit-related OTTI recognized in OCI were as follows:
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
HTM
$
16,114

 
$

AFS
5,262

 
8,064

 
$
21,376

 
$
8,064

The following summarizes gains and losses, including OTTI, that were recognized in the statement of income:
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
March 31, 2012
 
(In thousands)
Gross gains
 
Gross losses
 
Gross gains
 
Gross losses
 
 
Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
$
24

 
$
403

 
$
49

 
$

 
Available-for-sale
3,276

 
9,715

 
6,459

 
15,997

 
Other noninterest-bearing investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonmarketable equity securities
2,857

 
25

 
9,203

 
58

 
 
6,157

 
10,143

 
15,711

 
16,055

 
Net gains (losses)
 
 
$
(3,986
)
 
 
 
$
(344
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of income information:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net impairment losses on investment securities
 
 
$
(10,117
)
 
 
 
$
(10,209
)
 
Equity securities gains, net
 
 
2,832

 
 
 
9,145

 
Fixed income securities gains, net
 
 
3,299

 
 
 
720

 
Net gains (losses)
 
 
$
(3,986
)
 
 
 
$
(344
)
Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recognized using the specific identification method and recorded in noninterest income.

During the three months ended March 31, nontaxable interest income on securities was $3.4 million in 2013 and $4.8 million in 2012.

Securities with a carrying value of $1.5 billion at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 were pledged to secure public and trust deposits, advances, and for other purposes as required by law. Securities are also pledged as collateral for security repurchase agreements.


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5.
LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
Loans and Loans Held for Sale
Loans are summarized as follows according to major portfolio segment and specific loan class:
(In thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
$
161,559

 
$
251,651

Commercial:
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
11,503,964

 
$
11,256,945

Leasing
389,723

 
422,513

Owner occupied
7,501,094

 
7,589,082

Municipal
484,038

 
494,183

Total commercial
19,878,819

 
19,762,723

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
Construction and land development
2,039,449

 
1,939,413

Term
8,011,727

 
8,062,819

Total commercial real estate
10,051,176

 
10,002,232

Consumer:
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
2,124,719

 
2,177,680

1-4 family residential
4,408,284

 
4,350,329

Construction and other consumer real estate
319,707

 
321,235

Bankcard and other revolving plans
293,608

 
306,428

Other
208,381

 
216,379

Total consumer
7,354,699

 
7,372,051

FDIC-supported loans
477,725

 
528,241

Total loans
$
37,762,419

 
$
37,665,247

FDIC-supported loans were acquired during 2009 and are indemnified by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) under loss sharing agreements. The FDIC-supported loan balances presented in the accompanying schedules include purchased credit-impaired loans accounted for at their carrying values rather than their outstanding balances. See subsequent discussion under Purchased Loans.
Loan balances are presented net of unearned income and fees, which amounted to $128.4 million at March 31, 2013 and $137.5 million at December 31, 2012.
Owner occupied and commercial real estate loans include unamortized premiums of approximately $56.1 million at March 31, 2013 and $59.3 million at December 31, 2012.
Municipal loans generally include loans to municipalities with the debt service being repaid from general funds or pledged revenues of the municipal entity, or to private commercial entities or 501(c)(3) not-for-profit entities utilizing a pass-through municipal entity to achieve favorable tax treatment.
Loans with a carrying value of approximately $22.0 billion at March 31, 2013 and $21.1 billion at December 31, 2012 have been pledged at the Federal Reserve and various Federal Home Loan Banks as collateral for current and potential borrowings.
We sold loans totaling $448 million and $426 million for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, that were previously classified as loans held for sale. At the time of origination, we determine whether loans will be held for investment or held for sale. We may subsequently change our intent to hold loans for investment and reclassify them as held for sale. Loans classified as loans held for sale primarily consist of conforming residential mortgages. Amounts added to loans held for sale during these periods were $359 million and

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$408 million, respectively. Income from loans sold, excluding servicing, for these same periods was $8.5 million and $6.0 million.
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) consists of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL,” also referred to as the allowance for loan losses) and the reserve for unfunded lending commitments (“RULC”).
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The ALLL represents our estimate of probable and estimable losses inherent in the loan and lease portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Losses are charged to the ALLL when recognized. Generally, commercial loans are charged off or charged down at the point at which they are determined to be uncollectible in whole or in part, or when 180 days past due unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. Consumer loans are either charged off or charged down to net realizable value no later than the month in which they become 180 days past due. Closed-end loans that are not secured by residential real estate are either charged off or charged down to net realizable value no later than the month in which they become 120 days past due. We establish the amount of the ALLL by analyzing the portfolio at least quarterly, and we adjust the provision for loan losses so the ALLL is at an appropriate level at the balance sheet date.

We determine our ALLL as the best estimate within a range of estimated losses. The methodologies we use to estimate the ALLL depend upon the impairment status and portfolio segment of the loan. The methodology for impaired loans is discussed subsequently. For the commercial and commercial real estate (“CRE”) segments, we use a comprehensive loan grading system to assign PD and loss given default (“LGD”) grades to each loan. The credit quality indicators discussed subsequently are based on this grading system. PD and LGD grades are based on both financial and statistical models and loan officers’ judgment. We create groupings of these grades for each subsidiary bank and loan class and calculate historic loss rates using a loss migration analysis that attributes historic realized losses to these loan grade groupings over the most recent 60 months.
For the consumer loan segment, we use roll rate models to forecast probable inherent losses. Roll rate models measure the rate at which consumer loans migrate from one delinquency category to the next worse delinquency category, and eventually to loss. We estimate roll rates for consumer loans using recent delinquency and loss experience by segmenting our consumer loan portfolio into separate pools based on common risk characteristics and separately calculating historical delinquency and loss experience for each pool. These roll rates are then applied to current delinquency levels to estimate probable inherent losses. Roll rates incorporate housing market trends inasmuch as these trends manifest themselves in charge-offs and delinquencies. In addition, our qualitative and environmental factors discussed subsequently incorporate the most recent housing market trends.
For FDIC-supported loans purchased with evidence of credit deterioration, we determine the ALLL according to separate accounting guidance. The accounting for these loans, including the allowance calculation, is described in the Purchased Loans section following.

After applying historical loss experience, as described above, we review the quantitatively derived level of ALLL for each segment using qualitative criteria and use those criteria to determine our estimate within the range. We track various risk factors that influence our judgment regarding the level of the ALLL across the portfolio segments. The current status and historical changes in qualitative and environmental factors may not be reflected in our quantitative models. These factors primarily include:
Asset quality trends
Risk management and loan administration practices
Risk identification practices
Effect of changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio
Existence and effect of any portfolio concentrations

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National economic and business conditions
Regional and local economic and business conditions
Data availability and applicability
The magnitude of the impact of these factors on our qualitative assessment of the ALLL changes from quarter to quarter according to the extent these factors are already reflected in historic loss rates and according to the extent these factors diverge from one to another. We also consider the uncertainty inherent in the estimation process when evaluating the ALLL.
Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments
We also estimate a reserve for potential losses associated with off-balance sheet commitments, including standby letters of credit. We determine the RULC using the same procedures and methodologies that we use for the ALLL. The loss factors used in the RULC are the same as the loss factors used in the ALLL, and the qualitative adjustments used in the RULC are the same as the qualitative adjustments used in the ALLL. We adjust the Company’s unfunded lending commitments that are not unconditionally cancelable to an outstanding amount equivalent using credit conversion factors and we apply the loss factors to the outstanding equivalents.
Changes in the allowance for credit losses are summarized as follows:
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
(In thousands)
Commercial
 
Commercial
real estate
 
Consumer
 
FDIC-
supported 1
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
510,908

 
$
276,976

 
$
95,656

 
$
12,547

 
$
896,087

Additions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
(3,229
)
 
(18,628
)
 
(5,020
)
 
(2,158
)
 
(29,035
)
Adjustment for FDIC-supported loans

 

 

 
(7,429
)
 
(7,429
)
Deductions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross loan and lease charge-offs
(18,100
)
 
(7,224
)
 
(9,937
)
 
(206
)
 
(35,467
)
Recoveries
7,351

 
5,297

 
3,923

 
1,054

 
17,625

Net loan and lease charge-offs
(10,749
)
 
(1,927
)
 
(6,014
)
 
848

 
(17,842
)
Balance at end of period
$
496,930

 
$
256,421

 
$
84,622

 
$
3,808

 
$
841,781

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
67,374

 
$
37,852

 
$
1,583

 
$

 
$
106,809

Provision credited to earnings
(1,742
)
 
(4,612
)
 

 

 
(6,354
)
Balance at end of period
$
65,632

 
$
33,240

 
$
1,583

 
$

 
$
100,455

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for credit losses at end of period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
$
496,930

 
$
256,421

 
$
84,622

 
$
3,808

 
$
841,781

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
65,632

 
33,240

 
1,583

 

 
100,455

Total allowance for credit losses
$
562,562

 
$
289,661

 
$
86,205

 
$
3,808

 
$
942,236




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Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(In thousands)
Commercial
 
Commercial
real estate
 
Consumer
 
FDIC-
supported 1
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
561,351

 
$
343,747

 
$
123,115

 
$
23,472

 
$
1,051,685

Additions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
9,811

 
5,215

 
(48
)
 
686

 
15,664

Adjustment for FDIC-supported loans

 

 

 
(1,057
)
 
(1,057
)
Deductions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross loan and lease charge-offs
(33,477
)
 
(27,011
)
 
(17,009
)
 
(2,517
)
 
(80,014
)
Recoveries
9,656

 
12,348

 
3,043

 
461

 
25,508

Net loan and lease charge-offs
(23,821
)
 
(14,663
)
 
(13,966
)
 
(2,056
)
 
(54,506
)
Balance at end of period
$
547,341

 
$
334,299

 
$
109,101

 
$
21,045

 
$
1,011,786

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
77,232

 
$
23,572

 
$
1,618

 
$

 
$
102,422

Provision charged (credited) to earnings
(5,230
)
 
2,227

 
(701
)
 

 
(3,704
)
Balance at end of period
$
72,002

 
$
25,799

 
$
917

 
$

 
$
98,718

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total allowance for credit losses at end of period:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
$
547,341

 
$
334,299

 
$
109,101

 
$
21,045

 
$
1,011,786

Reserve for unfunded lending commitments
72,002

 
25,799

 
917

 

 
98,718

Total allowance for credit losses
$
619,343

 
$
360,098

 
$
110,018

 
$
21,045

 
$
1,110,504

1 The Purchased Loans section following contains further discussion related to FDIC-supported loans.

During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we modified the reporting of certain ALLL balances in the previous schedules. This change in reporting resulted in the reclassification of approximately $83.2 million at December 31, 2012 and $85.6 million at March 31, 2012 of ALLL balances from the commercial to the commercial real estate loan segments. There was no change to the methodology or assumptions used to estimate the ALLL, nor was the change the result of any changes in credit quality.

The ALLL and outstanding loan balances according to the Company’s impairment method are summarized as follows:
 
March 31, 2013
(In thousands)
Commercial
 
Commercial
real estate
 
Consumer
 
FDIC-
supported
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
39,021

 
$
20,738

 
$
12,560

 
$

 
$
72,319

Collectively evaluated for impairment
457,909

 
235,683

 
72,062

 
247

 
765,901

Purchased loans with evidence of credit deterioration

 

 

 
3,561

 
3,561

Total
$
496,930

 
$
256,421

 
$
84,622

 
$
3,808

 
$
841,781

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding loan balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
355,389

 
$
406,662

 
$
111,593

 
$
1,389

 
$
875,033

Collectively evaluated for impairment
19,523,430

 
9,644,514

 
7,243,106

 
48,613

 
36,459,663

Purchased loans with evidence of credit deterioration

 

 

 
427,723

 
427,723

Total
$
19,878,819

 
$
10,051,176

 
$
7,354,699

 
$
477,725

 
$
37,762,419

 

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ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



 
December 31, 2012
(In thousands)
Commercial
 
Commercial
real estate
 
Consumer
 
FDIC-
supported
 
Total
Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
30,587

 
$
22,295

 
$
13,758

 
$

 
$
66,640

Collectively evaluated for impairment
480,321

 
254,681

 
81,898

 
422

 
817,322

Purchased loans with evidence of credit deterioration

 

 

 
12,125

 
12,125

Total
$
510,908

 
$
276,976

 
$
95,656

 
$
12,547

 
$
896,087

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Outstanding loan balances:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Individually evaluated for impairment
$
353,380

 
$
437,647

 
$
112,320

 
$
1,149

 
$
904,496

Collectively evaluated for impairment
19,409,343

 
9,564,585

 
7,259,731

 
57,896

 
36,291,555

Purchased loans with evidence of credit deterioration

 

 

 
469,196

 
469,196

Total
$
19,762,723

 
$
10,002,232

 
$
7,372,051

 
$
528,241

 
$
37,665,247


Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans
Loans are generally placed on nonaccrual status when payment in full of principal and interest is not expected, or the loan is 90 days or more past due as to principal or interest, unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection. Factors we consider in determining whether a loan is placed on nonaccrual include delinquency status, collateral value, borrower or guarantor financial statement information, bankruptcy status, and other information which would indicate that the full and timely collection of interest and principal is uncertain.

A nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when all delinquent interest and principal become current in accordance with the terms of the loan agreement; the loan, if secured, is well secured; the borrower has paid according to the contractual terms for a minimum of six months; and analysis of the borrower indicates a reasonable assurance of the ability and willingness to maintain payments. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied as a reduction to the principal outstanding.

Closed-end loans with payments scheduled monthly are reported as past due when the borrower is in arrears for two or more monthly payments. Similarly, open-end credit such as charge-card plans and other revolving credit plans are reported as past due when the minimum payment has not been made for two or more billing cycles. Other multi-payment obligations (i.e., quarterly, semiannual, etc.), single payment, and demand notes are reported as past due when either principal or interest is due and unpaid for a period of 30 days or more.
 

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Nonaccrual loans are summarized as follows:
(In thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
$

 
$

Commercial:
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
99,137

 
$
90,859

Leasing
971

 
838

Owner occupied
195,484

 
206,031

Municipal
9,185

 
9,234

Total commercial
304,777

 
306,962

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
Construction and land development
93,078

 
107,658

Term
102,071

 
124,615

Total commercial real estate
195,149

 
232,273

Consumer:
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
12,416

 
14,247

1-4 family residential
70,519

 
70,180

Construction and other consumer real estate
4,335

 
4,560

Bankcard and other revolving plans
731

 
1,190

Other
1,294

 
1,398

Total consumer loans
89,295

 
91,575

FDIC-supported loans
4,927

 
17,343

Total
$
594,148

 
$
648,153


Past due loans (accruing and nonaccruing) are summarized as follows:
 
March 31, 2013
(In thousands)
Current
 
30-89 days
past  due
 
90+ days
past  due
 
Total
past  due
 
Total
loans
 
Accruing
loans
90+ days
past due
 
Nonaccrual
loans
that are
current1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
$
161,559

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
161,559

 
$

 
$

Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
11,384,560

 
$
57,408

 
$
61,996

 
$
119,404

 
$
11,503,964

 
$
4,505

 
$
33,626

Leasing
387,918

 
1,058

 
747

 
1,805

 
389,723

 

 

Owner occupied
7,361,392

 
70,199

 
69,503

 
139,702

 
7,501,094

 
1,635

 
102,498

Municipal
478,285

 
5,753

 

 
5,753

 
484,038

 

 
3,432

Total commercial
19,612,155

 
134,418

 
132,246

 
266,664

 
19,878,819

 
6,140

 
139,556

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
1,985,096

 
18,809

 
35,544

 
54,353

 
2,039,449

 
1,390

 
55,983

Term
7,925,008

 
36,805

 
49,914

 
86,719

 
8,011,727

 
3,979

 
44,076

Total commercial real estate
9,910,104

 
55,614

 
85,458

 
141,072

 
10,051,176

 
5,369

 
100,059

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
2,117,610

 
4,412

 
2,697

 
7,109

 
2,124,719

 

 
7,781

1-4 family residential
4,359,621

 
15,765

 
32,898

 
48,663

 
4,408,284

 
59

 
31,640

Construction and other consumer real estate
314,383

 
3,897

 
1,427

 
5,324

 
319,707

 
251

 
2,558

Bankcard and other revolving plans
289,108

 
3,546

 
954

 
4,500

 
293,608

 
876

 
568

Other
206,312

 
1,123

 
946

 
2,069

 
208,381

 
13

 
262

Total consumer loans
7,287,034

 
28,743

 
38,922

 
67,665

 
7,354,699

 
1,199

 
42,809

FDIC-supported loans
415,782

 
12,422

 
49,521

 
61,943

 
477,725

 
47,208

 
1,763

Total
$
37,225,075

 
$
231,197

 
$
306,147

 
$
537,344

 
$
37,762,419

 
$
59,916

 
$
284,187



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ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



 
December 31, 2012
(In thousands)
Current
 
30-89 days
past  due
 
90+ days
past  due
 
Total
past due
 
Total
loans
 
Accruing
loans
90+ days
past due
 
Nonaccrual
loans
that are
current1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
$
251,651

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
251,651

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
11,124,639

 
$
73,555

 
$
58,751

 
$
132,306

 
$
11,256,945

 
$
4,013

 
$
32,389

Leasing
421,590

 
115

 
808

 
923

 
422,513

 

 

Owner occupied
7,447,083

 
56,504

 
85,495

 
141,999

 
7,589,082

 
1,822

 
100,835

Municipal
494,183

 

 

 

 
494,183

 

 
9,234

Total commercial
19,487,495

 
130,174

 
145,054

 
275,228

 
19,762,723

 
5,835

 
142,458

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
1,836,284

 
66,139

 
36,990

 
103,129

 
1,939,413

 
853

 
50,044

Term
7,984,819

 
24,730

 
53,270

 
78,000

 
8,062,819

 
107

 
54,546

Total commercial real estate
9,821,103

 
90,869

 
90,260

 
181,129

 
10,002,232

 
960

 
104,590

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
2,169,722

 
4,036

 
3,922

 
7,958

 
2,177,680

 

 
8,846

1-4 family residential
4,282,611

 
24,060

 
43,658

 
67,718

 
4,350,329

 
1,423

 
21,945

Construction and other consumer real estate
314,931

 
4,344

 
1,960

 
6,304

 
321,235

 
395

 
2,500

Bankcard and other revolving plans
302,587

 
2,439

 
1,402

 
3,841

 
306,428

 
1,010

 
721

Other
213,930

 
1,411

 
1,038

 
2,449

 
216,379

 
107

 
275

Total consumer loans
7,283,781

 
36,290

 
51,980

 
88,270

 
7,372,051

 
2,935

 
34,287

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FDIC-supported loans
454,333

 
12,407

 
61,501

 
73,908

 
528,241

 
52,033

 
7,393

Total
$
37,046,712

 
$
269,740

 
$
348,795

 
$
618,535

 
$
37,665,247

 
$
61,763

 
$
288,728

1 Represents nonaccrual loans that are not past due more than 30 days; however, full payment of principal and interest is still not expected.

Credit Quality Indicators
In addition to the past due and nonaccrual criteria, we also analyze loans using a loan grading system. We generally assign internal grades to loans with commitments less than $500,000 based on the performance of those loans. Performance-based grades follow our definitions of Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful, which are consistent with published definitions of regulatory risk classifications.

Definitions of Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful are summarized as follows:
Pass: A Pass asset is higher quality and does not fit any of the other categories described below. The likelihood of loss is considered remote.
Special Mention: A Special Mention asset has potential weaknesses that may be temporary or, if left uncorrected, may result in a loss. While concerns exist, the bank is currently protected and loss is considered unlikely and not imminent.
Substandard: A Substandard asset is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified have well defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the bank may sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful: A Doubtful asset has all the weaknesses inherent in a Substandard asset with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable.


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We generally assign internal grades to commercial and CRE loans with commitments equal to or greater than $500,000 based on financial and statistical models, individual credit analysis, and loan officer judgment. For these larger loans, we assign multiple grades within the Pass classification or one of the following four grades: Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss. Loss indicates that the outstanding balance has been charged off. We evaluate our credit quality information such as risk grades at least quarterly, or as soon as we identify information that might warrant an upgrade or downgrade. Risk grades are then updated as necessary.

For consumer loans, we generally assign internal risk grades similar to those described previously based on payment performance. These are generally assigned either a Pass or Substandard grade and are reviewed as we identify information that might warrant an upgrade or downgrade.

Outstanding loan balances (accruing and nonaccruing) categorized by these credit quality indicators are summarized as follows:
 
March 31, 2013
(In thousands)
Pass
 
Special
Mention
 
Sub-
standard
 
Doubtful
 
Total
loans
 
Total
allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
$
161,559

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
161,559

 
$

Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
10,909,863

 
$
247,113

 
$
341,882

 
$
5,106

 
$
11,503,964

 
 
Leasing
386,186

 
217

 
3,296

 
24

 
389,723

 
 
Owner occupied
6,773,156

 
122,691

 
601,121

 
4,126

 
7,501,094

 
 
Municipal
469,254

 
5,599

 
9,185

 

 
484,038

 
 
Total commercial
18,538,459

 
375,620

 
955,484

 
9,256

 
19,878,819

 
$
496,930

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
1,827,136

 
44,126

 
165,359

 
2,828

 
2,039,449

 
 
Term
7,361,632

 
214,651

 
431,978

 
3,466

 
8,011,727

 
 
Total commercial real estate
9,188,768

 
258,777

 
597,337

 
6,294

 
10,051,176

 
256,421

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
2,084,851

 
87

 
39,781

 

 
2,124,719

 
 
1-4 family residential
4,294,854

 
4,896

 
108,092

 
442

 
4,408,284

 
 
Construction and other consumer real estate
311,634

 
4

 
8,069

 

 
319,707

 
 
Bankcard and other revolving plans
287,354

 
21

 
6,233

 

 
293,608

 
 
Other
202,024

 
2,813

 
3,544

 

 
208,381

 
 
Total consumer loans
7,180,717

 
7,821

 
165,719

 
442

 
7,354,699

 
84,622

FDIC-supported loans
305,528

 
22,917

 
149,280

 

 
477,725

 
3,808

Total
$
35,213,472

 
$
665,135

 
$
1,867,820

 
$
15,992

 
$
37,762,419

 
$
841,781

 


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ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



 
December 31, 2012
(In thousands)
Pass
 
Special
Mention
 
Sub-
standard
 
Doubtful
 
Total
loans
 
Total
allowance
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans held for sale
$
251,651

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
251,651

 
$

Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
10,717,594

 
$
198,645

 
$
336,230

 
$
4,476

 
$
11,256,945

 
 
Leasing
419,482

 
226

 
2,805

 

 
422,513

 
 
Owner occupied
6,833,923

 
138,539

 
612,011

 
4,609

 
7,589,082

 
 
Municipal
453,193

 
31,756

 
9,234

 

 
494,183

 
 
Total commercial
18,424,192

 
369,166

 
960,280

 
9,085

 
19,762,723

 
$
510,908

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
1,648,215

 
57,348

 
233,374

 
476

 
1,939,413

 
 
Term
7,433,789

 
237,201

 
388,914

 
2,915

 
8,062,819

 
 
Total commercial real estate
9,082,004

 
294,549

 
622,288

 
3,391

 
10,002,232

 
276,976

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
2,138,693

 
85

 
38,897

 
5

 
2,177,680

 
 
1-4 family residential
4,234,426

 
4,316

 
111,063

 
524

 
4,350,329

 
 
Construction and other consumer real estate
313,499

 
218

 
7,518

 

 
321,235

 
 
Bankcard and other revolving plans
298,665

 
23

 
7,740

 

 
306,428

 
 
Other
209,293

 
3,211

 
3,875

 

 
216,379

 
 
Total consumer loans
7,194,576

 
7,853

 
169,093

 
529

 
7,372,051

 
95,656

FDIC-supported loans
327,609

 
24,980

 
175,652

 

 
528,241

 
12,547

Total
$
35,028,381

 
$
696,548

 
$
1,927,313

 
$
13,005

 
$
37,665,247

 
$
896,087


Impaired Loans
Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, including scheduled interest payments. For our non-PCI loans, if a nonaccrual loan has a balance greater than $1 million or if a loan is a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”), including TDRs that subsequently default, we evaluate the loan for impairment and estimate a specific reserve for the loan for all portfolio segments under applicable accounting guidance. Smaller nonaccrual loans are pooled for ALLL estimation purposes. PCI loans in our FDIC-supported portfolio segment are included in impaired loans and are accounted for under separate accounting guidance. See subsequent discussion under Purchased Loans.

When a loan is impaired, we estimate a specific reserve for the loan based on the projected present value of the loan’s future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the observable market price of the loan, or the fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral less the cost to sell. The process of estimating future cash flows also incorporates the same determining factors discussed previously under nonaccrual loans. When we base the impairment amount on the fair value of the loan’s underlying collateral, we generally charge off the portion of the balance that is impaired, such that these loans do not have a specific reserve in the ALLL. Payments received on impaired loans that are accruing are recognized in interest income, according to the contractual loan agreement. Payments received on impaired loans that are on nonaccrual are not recognized in interest income, but are applied as a reduction to the principal outstanding. The amount of interest income recognized on a cash basis during the time the loans were impaired within the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 was $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively.

Information on impaired loans individually evaluated is summarized as follows, including the average recorded investment and interest income recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012:


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March 31, 2013
(In thousands)

Unpaid
principal
balance
 
Recorded investment
 
Total
recorded
investment
 
Related
allowance
with no
allowance
 
with
allowance
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
186,011

 
$
24,465

 
$
136,053

 
$
160,518

 
$
19,757

Owner occupied
186,710

 
56,916

 
113,468

 
170,384

 
18,086

Municipal

 

 

 

 

Total commercial
372,721

 
81,381

 
249,521

 
330,902

 
37,843

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
164,039

 
81,087

 
56,115

 
137,202

 
4,012

Term
286,495

 
56,973

 
186,543

 
243,516

 
16,255

Total commercial real estate
450,534

 
138,060

 
242,658

 
380,718

 
20,267

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
14,128

 
8,355

 
3,082

 
11,437

 
274

1-4 family residential
109,632

 
41,141

 
51,073

 
92,214

 
11,878

Construction and other consumer real estate
7,347

 
3,266

 
2,720

 
5,986

 
408

Bankcard and other revolving plans

 

 

 

 

Other
2,148

 
1,699

 
3

 
1,702

 

Total consumer loans
133,255

 
54,461

 
56,878

 
111,339

 
12,560

FDIC-supported loans
585,817

 
329,717

 
99,395

 
429,112

 
3,561

Total
$
1,542,327

 
$
603,619

 
$
648,452

 
$
1,252,071

 
$
74,231


 
December 31, 2012
(In thousands)

Unpaid
principal
balance
 
Recorded investment
 
Total
recorded
investment
 
Related
allowance
with no
allowance
 
with
allowance
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
176,521

 
$
27,035

 
$
119,780

 
$
146,815

 
$
12,198

Owner occupied
210,319

 
79,413

 
106,282

 
185,695

 
17,105

Total commercial
386,840

 
106,448

 
226,062

 
332,510

 
29,303

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
182,385

 
67,241

 
85,855

 
153,096

 
5,178

Term
310,242

 
70,718

 
187,112

 
257,830

 
16,725

Total commercial real estate
492,627

 
137,959

 
272,967

 
410,926

 
21,903

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
14,339

 
8,055

 
3,444

 
11,499

 
297

1-4 family residential
108,934

 
42,602

 
49,867

 
92,469

 
12,921

Construction and other consumer real estate
7,054

 
2,710

 
3,085

 
5,795

 
517

Bankcard and other revolving plans
287

 

 
287

 
287

 
1

Other
2,454

 
1,832

 
175

 
2,007

 
22

Total consumer loans
133,068

 
55,199

 
56,858

 
112,057

 
13,758

FDIC-supported loans
895,804

 
275,187

 
195,158

 
470,345

 
12,125

Total
$
1,908,339

 
$
574,793

 
$
751,045

 
$
1,325,838

 
$
77,089


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Three Months Ended
March 31, 2013
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2012
 
(In thousands)

Average
recorded
investment
 
Interest
income
recognized
 
Average
recorded
investment
 
Interest
income
recognized
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
177,745

 
$
856

 
$
178,428

 
$
888

 
Owner occupied
182,825

 
806

 
204,469

 
600

 
Municipal

 

 

 

 
Total commercial
360,570

 
1,662

 
382,897

 
1,488

 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
147,225

 
664

 
257,194

 
1,562

 
Term
289,103

 
1,836

 
346,399

 
1,973

 
Total commercial real estate
436,328

 
2,500

 
603,593

 
3,535

 
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
11,455

 
59

 
1,280

 
1

 
1-4 family residential
99,191

 
382

 
93,838

 
320

 
Construction and other consumer real estate
6,122

 
46

 
8,261

 
42

 
Bankcard and other revolving plans

 

 

 

 
Other
1,816

 

 
2,771

 

 
Total consumer loans
118,584

 
487

 
106,150

 
363

 
FDIC-supported loans
447,841

 
25,153

1 
641,099

 
21,992

1 
Total
$
1,363,323

 
$
29,802

 
$
1,733,739

 
$
27,378

 
1 The balance of interest income recognized results primarily from accretion of interest income on impaired FDIC-supported loans.
Modified and Restructured Loans
Loans may be modified in the normal course of business for competitive reasons or to strengthen the Company’s position. Loan modifications and restructurings may also occur when the borrower experiences financial difficulty and needs temporary or permanent relief from the original contractual terms of the loan. These modifications are structured on a loan-by-loan basis and, depending on the circumstances, may include extended payment terms, a modified interest rate, forgiveness of principal, or other concessions. Loans that have been modified to accommodate a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulties, and for which the Company has granted a concession that it would not otherwise consider, are considered TDRs.
We consider many factors in determining whether to agree to a loan modification involving concessions, and seek a solution that will both minimize potential loss to the Company and attempt to help the borrower. We evaluate borrowers’ current and forecasted future cash flows, their ability and willingness to make current contractual or proposed modified payments, the value of the underlying collateral (if applicable), the possibility of obtaining additional security or guarantees, and the potential costs related to a repossession or foreclosure and the subsequent sale of the collateral.
TDRs are classified as either accrual or nonaccrual loans. A loan on nonaccrual and restructured as a TDR will remain on nonaccrual status until the borrower has proven the ability to perform under the modified structure for a minimum of six months, and there is evidence that such payments can and are likely to continue as agreed. Performance prior to the restructuring, or significant events that coincide with the restructuring, are included in assessing whether the borrower can meet the new terms and may result in the loan being returned to accrual at the time of restructuring or after a shorter performance period. If the borrower’s ability to meet the revised payment schedule is uncertain, the loan remains classified as a nonaccrual loan. A TDR loan that specifies an interest rate that at the time of the restructuring is greater than or equal to the rate the bank is willing to accept for a new loan with

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comparable risk may not be reported as a TDR or an impaired loan in the calendar years subsequent to the restructuring if it is in compliance with its modified terms.

Selected information on TDRs that includes the recorded investment on an accruing and nonaccruing basis by loan class and modification type is summarized in the following schedules:
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
Recorded investment resulting from the following modification types:
 
 
(In thousands)

Interest
rate below
market
 
Maturity
or term
extension
 
Principal
forgiveness
 
Payment
deferral
 
Other1
 
Multiple
modification
types2
 
Total
Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
3,759

 
$
10,216

 
$

 
$
8,130

 
$
18,767

 
$
43,572

 
$
84,444

Owner occupied
22,299

 
5,309

 
1,005

 
3,001

 
9,956

 
14,998

 
56,568

Total commercial
26,058

 
15,525

 
1,005

 
11,131

 
28,723

 
58,570

 
141,012

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
1,693

 
13,148

 

 
59

 
8,257

 
25,718

 
48,875

Term
30,504

 
9,982

 
8,498

 
4,925

 
29,248

 
83,555

 
166,712

Total commercial real estate
32,197

 
23,130

 
8,498

 
4,984

 
37,505

 
109,273

 
215,587

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
743

 

 
6,029

 

 
108

 
193

 
7,073

1-4 family residential
3,042

 
1,314

 
6,362

 
332

 
4,050

 
33,852

 
48,952

Construction and other consumer real estate
142

 
1,181

 

 

 
419

 
1,812

 
3,554

Other

 
3

 

 

 

 

 
3

Total consumer loans
3,927

 
2,498


12,391


332


4,577


35,857

 
59,582

Total accruing
62,182

 
41,153

 
21,894

 
16,447

 
70,805

 
203,700

 
416,181

Nonaccruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
170

 
8,988

 

 
228

 
3,927

 
16,015

 
29,328

Owner occupied
2,788

 
3,076

 
638

 
4,723

 
7,181

 
9,260

 
27,666

Total commercial
2,958

 
12,064

 
638

 
4,951

 
11,108

 
25,275

 
56,994

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
13,627

 
1,228

 

 

 
1,546

 
59,544

 
75,945

Term
3,035

 
519

 

 
3,053

 
1,769

 
15,395

 
23,771

Total commercial real estate
16,662

 
1,747

 

 
3,053

 
3,315

 
74,939

 
99,716

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line

 

 
3,891

 

 
353

 
133

 
4,377

1-4 family residential
4,739

 
549

 
4,621

 

 
4,010

 
16,538

 
30,457

Construction and other consumer real estate
11

 
973

 

 

 

 
1,169

 
2,153

Bankcard and other revolving plans

 
278

 

 

 

 

 
278

Total consumer loans
4,750

 
1,800

 
8,512

 

 
4,363

 
17,840

 
37,265

Total nonaccruing
24,370

 
15,611

 
9,150

 
8,004

 
18,786

 
118,054

 
193,975

Total
$
86,552

 
$
56,764

 
$
31,044

 
$
24,451

 
$
89,591

 
$
321,754

 
$
610,156

 

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December 31, 2012
 
Recorded investment resulting from the following modification types:
 
 
(In thousands)

Interest
rate below
market
 
Maturity
or term
extension
 
Principal
forgiveness
 
Payment
deferral
 
Other1
 
Multiple
modification
types2
 
Total
Accruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
5,388

 
$
6,139

 
$

 
$
3,585

 
$
17,647

 
$
44,684

 
$
77,443

Owner occupied
20,963

 
12,104

 

 
4,013

 
9,305

 
13,598

 
59,983

Total commercial
26,351

 
18,243

 

 
7,598

 
26,952

 
58,282

 
137,426

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
1,718

 
9,868

 
2

 
59

 
8,432

 
30,248

 
50,327

Term
30,118

 
1,854

 
8,433

 
3,807

 
32,302

 
82,809

 
159,323

Total commercial real estate
31,836

 
11,722

 
8,435

 
3,866

 
40,734

 
113,057

 
209,650

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
744

 

 
5,965

 

 
300

 
218

 
7,227

1-4 family residential
2,665

 
1,324

 
5,923

 
147

 
3,319

 
36,199

 
49,577

Construction and other consumer real estate
147

 

 

 

 
641

 
2,354

 
3,142

Other

 
3

 

 

 
1

 

 
4

Total consumer loans
3,556

 
1,327

 
11,888

 
147

 
4,261

 
38,771

 
59,950

Total accruing
61,743

 
31,292

 
20,323

 
11,611

 
71,947

 
210,110

 
407,026

Nonaccruing
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
318

 
5,667

 

 
480

 
2,035

 
17,379

 
25,879

Owner occupied
3,822

 
4,816

 
654

 
4,701

 
7,643

 
7,803

 
29,439

Total commercial
4,140

 
10,483

 
654

 
5,181

 
9,678

 
25,182

 
55,318

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
18,255

 
1,308

 

 

 
1,807

 
68,481

 
89,851

Term
3,042

 
536

 

 
2,645

 
9,389

 
17,718

 
33,330

Total commercial real estate
21,297

 
1,844

 

 
2,645

 
11,196

 
86,199

 
123,181

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line

 

 
4,008

 

 
131

 
143

 
4,282

1-4 family residential
4,697

 
5,637

 
4,048

 

 
1,693

 
14,240

 
30,315

Construction and other consumer real estate
7

 
1,671

 

 

 

 
243

 
1,921

Bankcard and other revolving plans

 
287

 

 

 

 

 
287

Other

 

 

 
172

 

 

 
172

Total consumer loans
4,704

 
7,595

 
8,056

 
172

 
1,824

 
14,626

 
36,977

Total nonaccruing
30,141

 
19,922

 
8,710

 
7,998

 
22,698

 
126,007

 
215,476

Total
$
91,884

 
$
51,214

 
$
29,033

 
$
19,609

 
$
94,645

 
$
336,117

 
$
622,502

1 Includes TDRs that resulted from other modification types including, but not limited to, a legal judgment awarded on different terms, a bankruptcy plan confirmed on different terms, a settlement that includes the delivery of collateral in exchange for debt reduction, etc.
2 Includes TDRs that resulted from a combination of any of the previous modification types.

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Unused commitments to extend credit on TDRs amounted to approximately $8 million at March 31, 2013 and $13 million at December 31, 2012.
The total recorded investment of all TDRs in which interest rates were modified below market was $234.1 million at March 31, 2013 and $225.6 million at December 31, 2012. These loans are included in the previous table in the columns for interest rate below market and multiple modification types.
The net financial impact on interest income due to interest rate modifications below market for accruing TDRs is summarized in the following schedule:
(In thousands)

Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
(181
)
 
$
(15
)
 
Owner occupied
(1,060
)
 
(377
)
 
Total commercial
(1,241
)
 
(392
)
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
(416
)
 
(219
)
 
Term
(2,659
)
 
(1,546
)
 
Total commercial real estate
(3,075
)
 
(1,765
)
 
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
(39
)
 
(15
)
 
1-4 family residential
(3,860
)
 
(3,849
)
 
Construction and other consumer real estate
(109
)
 
(108
)
 
Total consumer loans
(4,008
)
 
(3,972
)
 
Total decrease to interest income
$
(8,324
)
1 
$
(6,129
)
1 
1Calculated based on the difference between the modified rate and the premodified rate applied to the recorded investment.
On an ongoing basis, we monitor the performance of all TDRs according to their restructured terms. Subsequent payment default is defined in terms of delinquency, when principal or interest payments are past due 90 days or more for commercial loans, or 60 days or more for consumer loans.
The recorded investment of accruing and nonaccruing TDRs that had a payment default during the period listed below (and are still in default at period-end) and are within 12 months or less of being modified as TDRs is as follows:

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Three Months Ended
March 31, 2013
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2012
(In thousands)
Accruing
 
Nonaccruing
 
Total
 
Accruing
 
Nonaccruing
 
Total
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$

 
$
25

 
$
25

 
$

 
$
249

 
$
249

Owner occupied

 
135

 
135

 

 
1,314

 
1,314

Total commercial

 
160

 
160

 

 
1,563

 
1,563

Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development

 

 

 

 

 

Term

 
1,071

 
1,071

 

 
1,555

 
1,555

Total commercial real estate

 
1,071

 
1,071

 

 
1,555

 
1,555

Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line

 
85

 
85

 

 

 

1-4 family residential

 

 

 

 
526

 
526

Total consumer loans

 
85

 
85

 

 
526

 
526

Total
$

 
$
1,316

 
$
1,316

 
$

 
$
3,644

 
$
3,644

Note: Total loans modified as TDRs during the 12 months previous to March 31, 2013 and 2012 were $181.5 million and $276.2 million, respectively.

Concentrations of Credit Risk
We perform an ongoing analysis of our loan portfolio to evaluate whether there is any significant exposure to any concentrations of credit risk. These potential concentrations include, but are not limited to, individual borrowers, groups of borrowers, industries, geographies, collateral types, sponsors, etc. Such credit risks (whether on- or off-balance sheet) may occur when groups of borrowers or counterparties have similar economic characteristics and are similarly affected by changes in economic or other conditions. Credit risk also includes the loss that would be recognized subsequent to the reporting date if counterparties failed to perform as contracted. Our analysis as of March 31, 2013 concluded that no significant exposure exists from such credit risk concentrations. See Note 6 for a discussion of counterparty risk associated with the Company’s derivative transactions.

Purchased Loans
Background and Accounting
We purchase loans in the ordinary course of business and account for them and the related interest income based on their performing status at the time of acquisition. Purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans have evidence of credit deterioration at the time of acquisition and it is probable that not all contractual payments will be collected. Interest income for PCI loans is accounted for on an expected cash flow basis. Certain other loans acquired by the Company that are not credit-impaired include loans with revolving privileges and are excluded from the PCI tabular disclosures following. Interest income for these loans is accounted for on a contractual cash flow basis. Certain acquired loans with similar characteristics such as risk exposure, type, size, etc., are grouped and accounted for in loan pools.

During 2009, CB&T and NSB acquired failed banks from the FDIC as receiver and entered into loss sharing agreements with the FDIC for the acquired loans and foreclosed assets. According to the agreements, the FDIC assumes 80% of credit losses up to a threshold specified for each acquisition and 95% above that threshold for a period of five years, or in 2014. The covered portfolio primarily consists of commercial loans. The agreements expire after ten years, or in 2019, for single family residential loans. The loans acquired from the FDIC are presented separately in the Company’s balance sheet as “FDIC-supported loans” and include both PCI and certain other acquired loans. Upon acquisition, in accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the acquired loans were recorded at their fair value without a corresponding ALLL.
 


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Outstanding Balances and Accretable Yield
The outstanding balances of all required payments and the related carrying amounts for PCI loans are as follows:
 
(In thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
214,799

 
$
227,414

Commercial real estate
342,752

 
382,068

Consumer
38,464

 
41,398

Outstanding balance
$
596,015

 
$
650,880

 
 
 
 
Carrying amount
$
429,203

 
$
472,040

ALLL
3,513

 
12,077

Carrying amount, net
$
425,690

 
$
459,963

At the time of acquisition of PCI loans, we determine the loan’s contractually required payments in excess of all cash flows expected to be collected as an amount that should not be accreted (nonaccretable difference). With respect to the cash flows expected to be collected, the portion representing the excess of the loan’s expected cash flows over our initial investment (accretable yield) is accreted into interest income on a level yield basis over the remaining expected life of the loan or pool of loans. The effects of estimated prepayments are considered in estimating the expected cash flows.

Certain PCI loans are not accounted for as previously described because the estimation of cash flows to be collected involves a high degree of uncertainty. Under these circumstances, the accounting guidance provides that interest income is recognized on a cash basis similar to the cost recovery methodology for nonaccrual loans. The net carrying amounts in the preceding schedule also include the amounts for these loans, which were approximately $0.5 million at March 31, 2013 and $12.2 million at December 31, 2012.

Changes in the accretable yield for PCI loans were as follows: 
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
134,461

 
$
184,679

Accretion
(25,266
)
 
(21,533
)
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference
14,872

 
13,869

Disposals and other
2,292

 
(3,011
)
Balance at end of period
$
126,359

 
$
174,004

Note: Amounts have been adjusted based on refinements to the original estimates of the accretable yield. Because of the estimation process required, we expect that additional adjustments to these amounts may be necessary in future periods.
The primary drivers of reclassification to accretable yield from nonaccretable difference and increases in disposals and other resulted primarily from (1) changes in estimated cash flows, (2) unexpected payments on nonaccrual loans, and (3) recoveries on zero balance loans pools. See subsequent discussion under changes in cash flow estimates.

ALLL Determination
For all acquired loans, the ALLL is only established for credit deterioration subsequent to the date of acquisition and represents our estimate of the inherent losses in excess of the book value of acquired loans. The ALLL for acquired loans is determined without giving consideration to the amounts recoverable from the FDIC through loss sharing agreements. These amounts recoverable are separately accounted for in the FDIC indemnification asset (“IA”) and are thus presented “gross” in the balance sheet. The FDIC IA is included in other assets in the balance sheet and is

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discussed subsequently. The ALLL for acquired loans is included in the overall ALLL in the balance sheet. The provision for loan losses is reported net of changes in the amounts recoverable under the loss sharing agreements.

During the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, we adjusted the ALLL for acquired loans by recording a provision for loan losses of $(9.6) million and $(0.4) million, respectively. The provision is net of the ALLL reversals discussed subsequently. As separately discussed and in accordance with the loss sharing agreements, portions of the increases to the provision are recoverable from the FDIC and comprise part of the FDIC IA. For the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012, these adjustments, before FDIC indemnification, resulted in net recoveries of $0.9 million, and net charge-offs of $1.1 million, respectively.

Changes in the provision for loan losses and related ALLL are driven in large part by the same factors that affect the changes in reclassification from nonaccretable difference to accretable yield, as discussed under changes in cash flow estimates.

Changes in Cash Flow Estimates
Over the life of the loan or loan pool, we continue to estimate cash flows expected to be collected. We evaluate quarterly at the balance sheet date whether the estimated present values of these loans using the effective interest rates have decreased below their carrying values. If so, we record a provision for loan losses.

For increases in carrying values that resulted from better-than-expected cash flows, we use such increases first to reverse any existing ALLL. During the three months ended March 31, total reversals to the ALLL were $9.7 million in 2013 and $2.7 million in 2012. When there is no current ALLL, we increase the amount of accretable yield on a prospective basis over the remaining life of the loan and recognize this increase in interest income. Any related decrease to the FDIC IA is recorded through a charge to other noninterest expense. Changes that increase cash flows have been due primarily to (1) the enhanced economic status of borrowers compared to original evaluations, (2) improvements in the Southern California market where the majority of these loans were originated, and (3) efforts by our credit officers and loan workout professionals to resolve problem loans.

For the three months ended March 31, the impact of increased cash flow estimates recognized in the statement of income for acquired loans with no ALLL was approximately $19.0 million in 2013 and $13.2 million in 2012 of additional interest income, and $20.3 million in 2013 and $10.0 million in 2012 of additional other noninterest expense due to the reduction of the FDIC IA.

FDIC Indemnification Asset
In October 2012, the FASB issued ASU 2012-06, Subsequent Accounting for an Indemnification Asset Recognized at the Acquisition Date as a Result of a Government-Assisted Acquisition of a Financial Institution, a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force. This new guidance under ASC 805, Business Combinations, provides that a change in measurement of the IA due to a change in expected cash flows would be accounted for on the same basis as the change in the indemnified loans. Any amortization period for the changes in value would be limited to the lesser of the term of the indemnification agreement or the remaining life of the indemnified loans. Our existing accounting was substantially similar to this new guidance, and our adoption effective January 1, 2013 did not have a significant impact on our financial position or results of operations.

The amount of the FDIC IA was initially recorded at fair value using estimated cash flows based on credit adjustments for each loan or loan pool and the loss sharing reimbursement of 80% or 95%, as appropriate. The timing of the cash flows was adjusted to reflect our expectations to receive the FDIC reimbursements within the estimated loss period. Discount rates were based on U.S. Treasury rates or the AAA composite yield on investment grade bonds of similar maturity. As previously discussed, the amount is adjusted as actual loss experience is developed and estimated losses covered under the loss sharing agreements are updated. Estimated loan losses, if any, in excess of the amounts recoverable are reflected as period expenses through the provision for loan losses.


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Changes in the FDIC IA were as follows:
 
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
90,929

 
$
136,427

 
Amounts filed with the FDIC and collected or in process 1
7,671

 
(1,346
)
 
Net change in asset balance due to reestimation of projected cash flows 2
(27,500
)
 
(11,185
)
 
Balance at end of period
$
71,100

 
$
123,896

1 
The FDIC’s reimbursement process requires that submitted expenses be paid, not just incurred, to qualify for reimbursement.
2 
Negative amounts result from the accretion of loan balances based on increases in cash flow estimates and on prepayments.

Any changes to the FDIC IA are recognized immediately in the quarterly period the change in estimated cash flows is determined. All claims submitted to the FDIC have been reimbursed in a timely manner.

6.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES
We record all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value. Note 9 discusses the process to estimate fair value for derivatives. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative and the resulting designation. Derivatives used to hedge the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset, liability, or firm commitment attributable to a particular risk, such as interest rate risk, are considered fair value hedges. Derivatives used to hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows, or other types of forecasted transactions, are considered cash flow hedges. Derivatives used to manage the exposure to credit risk, which can include total return swaps, are considered credit derivatives. When put in place after purchase of the assets to be protected, these derivatives generally may not be designated as accounting hedges. See discussion following regarding the total return swap and estimation of its fair value.

For derivatives designated as fair value hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative are recognized in earnings together with changes in the fair value of the related hedged item. The net amount, if any, representing hedge ineffectiveness, is reflected in earnings. In previous periods, we used fair value hedges to manage interest rate exposure to certain long-term debt. These hedges have been terminated and their remaining balances are being amortized to earnings, as discussed subsequently.

For derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in OCI and recognized in earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of cash flow hedges is recognized directly in earnings.

No derivatives have been designated for hedges of investments in foreign operations.

We assess the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing the changes in fair value or cash flows on the derivative hedging instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows on the designated hedged item or transaction. For derivatives not designated as accounting hedges, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

Our objectives in using derivatives are to add stability to interest income or expense, to modify the duration of specific assets or liabilities as we consider advisable, to manage exposure to interest rate movements or other identified risks, and/or to directly offset derivatives sold to our customers. To accomplish these objectives, we use interest rate swaps as part of our cash flow hedging strategy. These derivatives are used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with designated commercial loans.

Exposure to credit risk arises from the possibility of nonperformance by counterparties. These counterparties primarily consist of financial institutions that are well established and well capitalized. We control this credit risk

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through credit approvals, limits, pledges of collateral, and monitoring procedures. No losses on derivative instruments have occurred as a result of counterparty nonperformance. Nevertheless, the related credit risk is considered and measured when and where appropriate.

Our derivative contracts require us to pledge collateral for derivatives that are in a net liability position at a given balance sheet date. Certain of these derivative contracts contain credit-risk-related contingent features that include the requirement to maintain a minimum debt credit rating. We may be required to pledge additional collateral if a credit-risk-related feature were triggered, such as a downgrade of our credit rating. However, in past situations, not all counterparties have demanded that additional collateral be pledged when provided for under their contracts. At March 31, 2013, the fair value of our derivative liabilities was $79.7 million, for which we have pledged cash collateral of approximately $90.9 million in the normal course of business. If our credit rating were downgraded by one notch at March 31, 2013, the additional amount of collateral we could be required to pledge is $3 million.

Interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts in exchange for variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying principal amount. Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges, including basis swap agreements, are not speculative and are used to economically manage our exposure to interest rate movements and other identified risks, but do not meet the strict hedge accounting requirements.

Selected information with respect to notional amounts and recorded gross fair values at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and the related gain (loss) of derivative instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 is summarized as follows:
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Notional
amount
 
Fair value
 
Notional
amount
 
Fair value
(In thousands)
Other
assets
 
Other
liabilities
 
Other
assets
 
Other
liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
100,000

 
$
322

 
$

 
$
150,000

 
$
1,188

 
$

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
100,000

 
322

 

 
150,000

 
1,188

 

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
80,446

 
848

 
852

 
98,524

 
1,043

 
1,047

Interest rate swaps for customers 2
2,696,981

 
70,824

 
73,985

 
2,607,603

 
79,579

 
82,926

Total return swap
1,159,686

 

 
4,875

 
1,159,686

 

 
5,127

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
3,937,113

 
71,672

 
79,712

 
3,865,813

 
80,622

 
89,100

Total derivatives
$
4,037,113

 
$
71,994

 
$
79,712

 
$
4,015,813

 
$
81,810

 
$
89,100

 

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Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
Amount of derivative gain (loss) recognized/reclassified
(In thousands)
 
OCI
 
Reclassified
from AOCI
to interest
income 3
 
Noninterest
income
(expense)
 
Offset to
interest
expense
 
OCI
 
Reclassified
from AOCI
to interest
income 3
 
Noninterest
income
(expense)
 
Offset to
interest
expense
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash flow hedges 1:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate swaps
$
(4
)
 
$
1,605

 
$

 
 
 
$
211

 
$
5,294

 
$

 
 
 
(4
)
 
1,605

 

 
 
 
211

 
5,294

 

 
 
Liability derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 
 
Fair value hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Terminated swaps on long-term debt
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
766

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
750

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments
(4
)
 
1,605

 

 
766

 
211

 
5,294

 

 
750

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments 2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

Interest rate swaps
 
 
 
 
(67
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(132
)
 
 
Interest rate swaps for customers 2
 
 
 
 
1,458

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,390

 
 
Basis swaps
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18

 
 
Futures contracts
 
 
 
 
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(24
)
 
 
Total return swap
 
 
 
 
(5,558
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5,450
)
 
 
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
 
 
 
 
(4,166
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(4,198
)
 
 
Total derivatives
$
(4
)
 
$
1,605

 
$
(4,166
)
 
$
766

 
$
211

 
$
5,294

 
$
(4,198
)
 
$
750

Note: These tables are not intended to present at any given time the Company’s long/short position with respect to its derivative contracts.
1 Amounts recognized in OCI and reclassified from accumulated OCI (“AOCI”) represent the effective portion of the derivative gain (loss).
2 
Amounts include both the customer swaps and the offsetting derivative contracts.
3 Amounts for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012 of $1.6 million and $5.3 million, respectively, are the amounts of reclassification to earnings from AOCI presented in Note 7.

At March 31, the fair values of derivative assets and liabilities were reduced (increased) by net credit valuation adjustments of $3.0 million and $(0.1) million in 2013, and $3.5 million and $(0.1) million in 2012, respectively. These adjustments are required to reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk.

We offer interest rate swaps to our customers to assist them in managing their exposure to fluctuating interest rates. Upon issuance, all of these customer swaps are immediately “hedged” by offsetting derivative contracts with major dealers, such that the Company minimizes its net risk exposure resulting from such transactions. Fee income from customer swaps is included in other service charges, commissions and fees. As with other derivative instruments, we have credit risk for any nonperformance by counterparties.

The remaining balances of any derivative instruments terminated prior to maturity, including amounts in AOCI for swap hedges, are accreted or amortized to interest income or expense over the period corresponding to their previously stated maturity dates.

Amounts in AOCI are reclassified to interest income as interest is earned on variable rate loans and as amounts for terminated hedges are accreted or amortized to earnings. For the 12 months following March 31, 2013, we estimate that an additional $1 million will be reclassified.


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Total Return Swap
On July 28, 2010, we entered into a total return swap and related interest rate swaps (“TRS”) with Deutsche Bank AG (“DB”) relating to a portfolio of $1.16 billion notional amount of our bank and insurance trust preferred CDOs. As a result of the TRS, DB assumed all of the credit risk of this CDO portfolio, providing timely payment of all scheduled payments of interest and principal when contractually due to the Company (without regard to acceleration or deferral events). The transaction reduced regulatory risk-weighted assets and improved the Company’s risk-based capital ratios.

The transaction did not qualify for hedge accounting and did not change the accounting for the underlying securities, including the quarterly analysis of OTTI and OCI. As a result, future potential OTTI, if any, associated with the underlying securities may not be offset by any valuation adjustment on the swap in the quarter in which OTTI is recognized, and OTTI changes could result in reductions in our regulatory capital ratios, which could be material.

The fair value of the TRS derivative liability was $4.9 million at March 31, 2013 and $5.1 million at December 31, 2012.

Both the fair values of the securities and the fair value of the TRS are dependent upon the projected credit-adjusted cash flows of the securities. We are able to cancel the transaction with not longer than 90 days’ notice. Absent major changes in these projected cash flows, we expect the value of the TRS liability to continue to approximate its March 31, 2013 fair value. We expect to incur subsequent net quarterly costs of approximately $5.4 million under the TRS, including related interest rate swaps and scheduled payments of interest on the underlying CDOs, as long as the TRS remains in place for this CDO portfolio. Our estimated quarterly expense amount would be impacted by, among other things, changes in the composition of the CDO portfolio included in the transaction and changes over time in the forward London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) rate curve. The Company’s costs are also subject to adjustment in the event of future changes in regulatory requirements applicable to DB if we do not then elect to terminate the transaction. Termination by the Company for such regulatory changes applicable to DB will result in no payment by the Company.

At March 31, 2013, we completed a valuation process which resulted in an estimated fair value for the TRS under Level 3. The process utilized valuation inputs from two sources:
1)
The Company built on its fair valuation process for the underlying CDO portfolio and utilized those same projected cash flows to quantify the extent and timing of payments to be received from the Trustee related to each CDO and in the aggregate. For valuation purposes, we assumed that a market participant would cancel the TRS at the first opportunity if the TRS did not have a positive value based on the best estimates of cash flows through maturity. Consequently, the fair value approximated the amount of required payments up to the earliest termination date.
2)
A valuation from a market participant in possession of all relevant terms and costs of the TRS structure.
We considered the observable input or inputs from the market participant, who is the counterparty to this transaction, as well as the results of our internal modeling in estimating the fair value of the TRS. We expect to continue the use of this methodology in subsequent periods.


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7.
DEBT AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Debt Issuance and Redemptions
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, we issued a long-term senior medium-term note of $19 million, which has an interest rate of 2.75% and matures May 2016. During this same period, we redeemed at maturity $5 million of short-term notes and $18 million of long-term notes.

Subordinated Debt Conversions
During the three months ended March 31, 2013, approximately $1 million of convertible subordinated debt was converted into depositary shares each representing a 1/40th interest in a share of the Company’s preferred stock. These conversions added 991 shares of Series C to the Company’s preferred stock.

For the three months ended March 31, 2013, in connection with these conversions, the $1.2 million added to preferred stock included the transfer from common stock of $0.2 million of the intrinsic value of the beneficial conversion feature. The amount of this conversion feature was included with common stock at the time of the debt modification. The remaining balance in common stock of this conversion feature was approximately $76.4 million at March 31, 2013. Accelerated discount amortization on the converted debt increased interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2013 by $0.3 million. At March 31, 2013, the balance at par of the convertible subordinated debt was $456.8 million. The five largest investor holdings totaled approximately 40% of this amount. The remaining balance of the convertible debt discount was $137.5 million at March 31, 2013.

Preferred Stock Issuance
On February 7, 2013, we issued $171.8 million of Series G Fixed/Floating Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock. The issuance was in the form of depositary shares with each depositary share representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a share of the preferred stock. The shares are registered with the SEC and qualify as Tier 1 capital. Dividends are payable from the issuance date to March 14, 2023 at an annual rate of 6.30%. Beginning March 15, 2023 (date of earliest redemption), dividends will be payable at an annual floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 4.24%. Net of commissions and fees, the proceeds added $168.8 million to shareholders’ equity.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Effective January 1, 2013, we adopted ASU 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. This new guidance under ASU 220, Comprehensive Income, follows ASUs 2011-12 and 2011-05 and finalizes the reporting requirements for reclassifications out of AOCI. Companies must present reclassifications by component when reporting changes in AOCI. Items reclassified in their entirety out of AOCI to net income must have the effect of the reclassification disclosed according to the respective income statement line item. Items not reclassified in their entirety must be cross-referenced to other disclosures in the footnotes. The entire reclassification information must be disclosed in one place, either on the face of the financial statements by income statement line item, or in a footnote. We have elected to present the information in a footnote and include the comparable period for the previous year.












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Changes in AOCI by component are as follows:
(In thousands)

 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities
 
Net unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments
 
Pension and post-retirement
 
Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2012
 
 
$
(397,616
)
 
 
 
$
1,794

 
 
$
(50,335
)
 
$
(446,157
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax
 
 
36,042

 
 
 
(2
)
 
 

 
36,040

Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax
 
 
4,171

 
 
 
(957
)
 
 

 
3,214

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
40,213

 
 
 
(959
)
 
 

 
39,254

Balance at March 31, 2013
 
 
$
(357,403
)
 
 
 
$
835

 
 
$
(50,335
)
 
$
(406,903
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2011
 
 
$
(546,763
)
 
 
 
$
9,404

 
 
$
(54,725
)
 
$
(592,084
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications, net of tax
 
 
17,634

 
 
 
121

 
 

 
17,755

Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax
 
 
5,963

 
 
 
(3,201
)
 
 

 
2,762

Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
23,597

 
 
 
(3,080
)
 
 

 
20,517

Balance at March 31, 2012
 
 
$
(523,166
)
 
 
 
$
6,324

 
 
$
(54,725
)
 
$
(571,567
)
 
 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI 1
 
Statement of income (SI) Balance sheet
(BS)
 
 
(In thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
Details about AOCI components
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
Affected line item
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net realized gains on investment securities
 
$
3,299

 
$
720

 
SI
 
Fixed income securities gains, net
Income tax expense
 
1,262

 
214

 
 
 
 
 
 
2,037

 
506

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized losses on investment
securities
 
(9,714
)
 
(10,209
)
 
SI
 
Net impairment losses on investment securities
Income tax benefit
 
(3,715
)
 
(3,905
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
(5,999
)
 
(6,304
)
 
 
 
 
Accretion of securities with noncredit-related impairment losses not expected to be sold
 
(344
)
 
(267
)
 
BS
 
Investment securities, held-to-maturity
Deferred income taxes
 
135

 
102

 
BS
 
Other assets
 
 
$
(4,171
)
 
$
(5,963
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains on derivative instruments
 
$
1,605

 
$
5,294

 
SI
 
Interest and fees on loans
Income tax expense
 
648

 
2,093

 
 
 
 
 
 
$
957

 
$
3,201

 
 
 
 
1 Negative reclassification amounts indicate decreases to earnings in the statement of income and increases to balance sheet assets. The opposite applies to positive reclassification amounts.

Subsequent Events
On May 3, 2013, Zions Capital Trust B redeemed all of its 8.0% trust preferred securities, or 11.4 million shares, at 100% of their $25 per share liquidation amount for a total of $285 million.

On May 3, 2013, we issued $126.2 million of Series H Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock. The issuance was in the form of depositary shares with each depositary share representing a 1/40th ownership interest in a share of the preferred stock. The shares are registered with the SEC and qualify as Tier 1 capital. Dividends are payable quarterly in arrears at an annual rate of 5.75% on the 15th day of March, June, September, and December, commencing June 15, 2013. The shares may be redeemed in whole, but not in part, beginning June 15, 2019. Net of commissions and fees, the proceeds added approximately $123.1 million to shareholders’ equity.

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8.
INCOME TAXES
The income tax expense rate for the three months ended March 31, 2013 was lower than the tax rate for the same period in 2012 primarily because of a decrease in the nondeductible amount of a portion of the accelerated discount amortization from the conversion of subordinated debt to preferred stock.

The balance of net deferred tax assets was approximately $381 million at March 31, 2013 and $406 million at December 31, 2012. We evaluate the net deferred tax assets on a regular basis to determine whether an additional valuation allowance is required. Based on this evaluation, and considering the weight of the positive evidence compared to the negative evidence, we have concluded that an additional valuation allowance is not required as of March 31, 2013.

9.
FAIR VALUE
Fair Value Measurement
Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. To measure fair value, a hierarchy has been established that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. This hierarchy uses three levels of inputs to measure the fair value of assets and liabilities as follows:
Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities; includes U.S. Treasury and other U.S. Government and agency securities actively traded in over-the-counter markets; mutual funds and stock; securities sold, not yet purchased; and certain derivatives.
Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in less active markets, or other observable inputs that can be corroborated by observable market data; also includes derivative contracts whose value is determined using a pricing model with observable market inputs or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes U.S. Government and agency securities; municipal securities; CDO securities; mutual funds and stock; private equity investments; securities sold, not yet purchased; and derivatives.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity for financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation; also includes observable inputs for nonbinding single dealer quotes not corroborated by observable market data. This category generally includes municipal securities; private equity investments; most CDO securities; and the total return swap.
We use fair value to measure certain assets and liabilities on a recurring basis when fair value is the primary measure for accounting. This is done primarily for AFS and trading investment securities; private equity investments under the equity method of accounting; securities sold, not yet purchased; and derivatives. Fair value is used on a nonrecurring basis to measure certain assets when applying lower of cost or fair value accounting or when adjusting carrying values of certain assets or liabilities, including recognition of impairment on assets. This is done primarily for HTM securities; loans held for sale; impaired loans; other real estate owned (“OREO”); private equity investments carried at cost; goodwill; core deposit and other intangibles; other long-lived assets; and for disclosures of certain financial instruments.

Level 3 Valuation Policies and Procedures
Our valuation policies and procedures for Level 3 securities are under the direction of the Securities Valuation and Securitization Oversight Committee (“SOC”) comprised of senior and executive members of management in our investment, financial and accounting operations. The SOC is chaired by our chief financial officer and reports to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. The major function of the SOC is to develop, review, and approve for

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use on a quarterly basis the key model inputs, critical valuation assumptions, and proposed discount rates utilized for the valuation of Level 3 securities. The sources of fair value changes are presented to the SOC and attribution analyses are completed when significant changes occur between quarters. SOC procedures require that back testing of certain significant assumptions be provided quarterly. Observers from Risk Management, Internal Audit and other areas attend SOC meetings.

The Model Control Committee (“MCC”) is responsible for model validation and related policies. The MCC is separate from the SOC and is part of the Corporate Risk Management department. MCC members are drawn from quantitative experts throughout the Company. The MCC conducts model validations, including the trust preferred CDO internal model discussed subsequently, and sets policies and procedures for revalidation timing.

Utilization of Third Party Service Providers
We use third party service providers and a licensed internal third party model to estimate fair value for certain of our AFS securities as follows:
For AFS Level 2 securities, we use a third party pricing service to provide pricing, if available, for securities in the following reporting categories: U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations (except Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (“FAMC”) securities); municipal securities; trust preferred – banks and insurance; and other (including ABS CDOs). At March 31, 2013, the fair value of AFS Level 2 securities for which we obtained pricing from the third party pricing service in these reporting categories amounted to approximately $1.7 billion of the $1.8 billion total of AFS Level 2 securities.
For AFS Level 3 securities, we use other third party service providers to provide pricing, if available, for securities in the following reporting categories: municipal securities, trust preferred – banks and insurance, trust preferred – real estate investment trusts, auction rate, and other (including ABS CDOs). At March 31, 2013, the fair value of AFS Level 3 securities for which we obtained pricing from these third party service providers in these reporting categories amounted to approximately $79 million of the $1.1 billion total of AFS Level 3 securities. In addition, the fair values for approximately $978 million at March 31, 2013 of our AFS Level 3 securities were determined utilizing a licensed internal third party model. See “Trust preferred CDO internal model” discussed subsequently.
Fair values of the remaining AFS Level 2 and Level 3 securities not valued by pricing from third party services or the licensed internal third party model were determined by us using market corroborative data. At March 31, 2013, the Level 2 securities consisted of approximately $111 million of FAMC securities, $54 million of municipal securities, and $7 million of mutual funds and stock, and the Level 3 securities consisted of $3 million of ABS CDOs. Estimation of the fair values of the FAMC securities included the use of a standard mortgage pass-through calculator that incorporates discounted cash flows, while the municipal securities included the use of a standard form discounted cash flow model with certain inputs adjusted for market conditions.
For AFS Level 2 securities, the third party pricing service provides documentation on an ongoing basis that includes, among other things, pricing information with respect to reference data, methodology, inputs summarized by asset class, pricing application, corroborative information, etc. The documentation includes benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, and reference data including market research publications. Also included are data from the vendor trading platform. We review, test and validate this information as appropriate.

For AFS Level 3 securities, SOC procedures call for quarterly comparisons of relevant data assumptions used in the models of the other third party service providers. We evaluate these assumptions for reasonableness and compare them with those used in our internal models. These assumptions include, but are not limited to, discount rates, PDs, loss-given-default rates, over-collateralization levels, and rating transition probability matrices from rating agencies. We also compare the model results and valuations with our information about market trends and trading data. This includes information regarding trading prices, implied discounts, outlier information, valuation assumptions, etc.

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Because of the timeliness of our involvement, the ongoing exchange of market information, and our agreement on input assumptions, we do not adjust prices from our third party service providers. The procedures discussed previously help ensure that the fair value information received was determined in accordance with applicable accounting guidance.

Available-for-Sale and Trading
AFS and trading investment securities are fair valued under Level 1 using quoted market prices when available for identical securities. When quoted prices are not available, fair values are determined under Level 2 using quoted prices for similar securities or independent pricing services that incorporate observable market data. The largest portion of Level 3 AFS securities include certain CDOs backed by trust preferred securities issued by banks and insurance companies and, to a lesser extent, by REITs.

U.S. Treasury, Agencies and Corporations
Valuation inputs under Level 2 utilized by the third party service provider are discussed previously.

Municipal Securities
Valuation inputs under Level 2 utilized by the third party service provider are discussed previously. We may also include reported trades and material event notices from the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, plus new issue data. Municipal securities under Level 3 are fair valued similar to the auction rate securities.

Trust Preferred Collateralized Debt Obligations
Substantially all of the CDO portfolio is fair valued using an income-based cash flow modeling approach incorporating several methodologies that primarily include internal and third party models.
Trust preferred CDO internal model: A licensed third party cash flow model, which requires the Company to input its own key valuation assumptions, is used to estimate fair values of bank and insurance trust preferred CDOs. We utilize a statistical regression of quarterly regulatory ratios that we have identified as predictive of future bank failures to create a credit-specific PD for each bank issuer. The inputs are updated quarterly to include the most recent available financial ratios and the regression formula is updated periodically to utilize those financial ratios that have best predicted bank failures during this credit cycle (“ratio-based approach”). Our ratio-based approach, while generally referencing trailing quarter regulatory data and ratios, seeks to incorporate the most recent available information.
Approximately 30% of the bank issuers are public companies included in a third party proprietary reduced form model. The model generates PDs using equity valuation-related inputs along with other macro and issuer-specific inputs. We use the higher of the PD from the third party proprietary reduced form model and the ratio-based approach.
For performing collateral, we use a floor PD of 30 basis points (“bps”) for year one for collateral where the higher of the one-year PDs from our ratio based approach and those from the third party proprietary reduced form model would be lower. The short-term 30 bps PD is similar to the PD we would apply if we had direct lending exposures to CDO pool collateral. We use a floor PD of 48 bps each year from years two to five smoothing the step-up to reach a 65 bps minimum PD for year six. We utilize a minimum PD for years six to maturity of 65 bps for bank collateral.

For deferring collateral, effective December 31, 2012 we added to our ratio-based approach a PD overlay model for deferrals. The deferral PD overlay model sorts all deferrals observed within our CDO pools into four “buckets” based on four factors indicative of bank holding company strength at the start of their deferral period. We then assume that the historical failure rate we have observed within our CDO pool for collateral in each bucket will be the future default rate of current deferrals in each bucket. Where the overlay PD of a deferral is higher than the PD identified by our traditional ratio-based PD model, we use the higher overlay PD.

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The resulting five-year PDs at March 31, 2013, after adding the PD overlay model, ranged from 100% for the “worst” deferring banks to 12% for the “best” deferring banks. The weighted average assumed loss rate on deferring collateral was 54%. This loss rate is calculated as a percentage of the par amount of deferring collateral within a pool that is expected to default prior to the end of a five-year deferral period. The model includes the expectation that deferrals that do not default will pay their contractually required back interest and return to a current status at the end of five years. Estimates of expected loss for the individual pieces of underlying collateral are aggregated to arrive at a pool-level expected loss rate for each CDO. These loss assumptions are applied to the CDO’s structure to generate cash flow projections for each tranche of the CDO.
We utilize a present value technique to identify both the OTTI present in the CDO tranches and to estimate fair value. To determine the credit-related portion of OTTI in accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we use the security specific effective interest rate when estimating the present value of cash flows. We discount the credit-adjusted cash flow of each CDO tranche at a tranche-specific discount rate which reflects the risk that the actual cash flow may vary from the expected credit-adjusted cash flow for that CDO tranche. This rate is consistent with market participants’ assumptions, which include market illiquidity, and is applied to credit adjusted cash flows. We follow applicable guidance on illiquid markets such that risk premiums should be reflective of an orderly transaction between market participants under current market conditions. Because these securities are not traded on exchanges and trading prices are not posted on the TRACE® system (Trade Reporting and Compliance Engine®), we also seek information from market participants to obtain trade price information.
The discount rate assumption used for valuation purposes for each CDO tranche is derived from trading yields on publicly traded trust preferred securities and projected PDs on the underlying issuers as well as observed trades in our CDO tranches in accordance with applicable accounting guidance. The data set generally includes one or more publicly-traded trust preferred securities in deferral with regard to the payment of current interest and observed trades in our CDO tranches which appeared to be either orderly (that is, not distressed or forced); or whose orderliness could not be definitively refuted. Trading data is generally limited to a single transaction in each of several of our original AAA-rated tranches and several of our original A-rated tranches. The effective yields on the securities are then used to determine a relationship between the effective yield and expected loss. Expected loss for this purpose is a measure of the variability of cash flows from the mean estimate of cash flow across all Monte Carlo simulations. This relationship is then considered along with other third party or market data in order to identify appropriate discount rates to be applied to the CDOs.
Our March 31, 2013, valuations for bank and insurance tranches utilized a discount rate range of LIBOR + 3.75% for the highest quality/most over-collateralized insurance-only tranches and LIBOR + 28.4% for the lowest credit quality tranche, which included bank collateral, in order to reflect market level assumptions for structured finance securities. For tranches that include bank collateral, the discount rate was at least LIBOR + 5.7% for the highest quality/most over-collateralized tranches. These discount rates are applied to already credit-adjusted cash flows for each tranche.
CDO tranches with greater uncertainty in their cash flows are discounted at rates higher than those market participants would use for tranches with more stable expected cash flows (e.g., as a result of more subordination and/or better credit quality in the underlying collateral). The high end of the discount rate spectrum was applied to tranches in which minor changes in default assumption timing produced substantial deterioration in tranche cash flows. These discount rates are applied to credit-adjusted cash flows, which constitute each tranche’s expected cash flows; discount rates are not applied to a hypothetical contractual cash flow.
At March 31, 2013, the discount rates utilized for fair value purposes for tranches that include bank collateral were:
1)LIBOR + 5.7% to 7.5% and averaged LIBOR + 5.9% for first priority original AAA-rated bonds;
2)LIBOR + 5.6% to 6.9% and averaged LIBOR + 5.9% for lower priority original AAA-rated bonds;

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3)LIBOR + 6.0% to 19.2% and averaged LIBOR + 10.3% for original A-rated bonds; and
4)LIBOR + 11.1% to 28.3% and averaged LIBOR + 19.6% for original BBB-rated bonds.
Accordingly, the wide difference between the effective interest rate used in the determination of the credit component of OTTI and the discount rate on the CDOs used in the determination of fair value results in the unrealized losses. The discount rate used for fair value purposes significantly exceeds the effective interest rate for the CDOs. The differences average approximately 5% for the original AAA-rated CDO tranches, 9% for the original A-rated CDO tranches, and 17% for the original BBB-rated CDO tranches. With the exception of certain of the most senior CDOs, most of the principal payments are not expected prior to the final maturity date, which is generally 2029 or later. High market discount rates and the long maturities of the CDO tranches result in full principal repayment contributing little to CDO tranche fair values.
REIT and ABS CDOs – third party models: Certain of these CDOs are fair valued by third party services using their proprietary models. See the previous discussion that describes the procedures we employ to evaluate the fair values from third party services for AFS Level 3 securities. Also see the subsequent discussion regarding key model inputs and assumptions.

Auction Rate Securities
Our market approach methodology includes various data inputs, including AAA municipal and corporate bond yield curves, credit ratings and leverage of each closed-end fund, and market yields for municipal bonds and commercial paper.

Private Equity Investments
Management who are familiar with our private equity investments, including investment officers, controllers, etc., review quarterly the financial statements and other information for each investment. The Other Equity Investments Committee, consisting of the chief executive officer, the chief financial officer, and the chief investment officer, review periodically for reasonableness the financial information for these investments. This includes oversight of the review of audited financial statements that are available for nearly all of the underlying investments. The amount of unfunded commitments to these partnerships is disclosed in Note 10. Generally, redemption is available annually.

Private equity investments valued under Level 2 on a recurring basis are investments in partnerships that invest in certain financial services and real estate companies, some of which are publicly traded. Fair values are determined from net asset values, or their equivalents, provided by the partnerships. These fair values are determined on the last business day of the month using values from the primary exchange. In the case of illiquid or nontraded assets, the partnerships obtain fair values from independent sources.

Private equity investments valued under Level 3 on a recurring basis are recorded initially at acquisition cost, which is considered the best indication of fair value unless there have been material subsequent positive or negative developments that justify an adjustment in the fair value estimate. Subsequent adjustments to recorded fair values are based as necessary on current and projected financial performance, recent financing activities, economic and market conditions, market comparables, market liquidity, sales restrictions, and other factors.

Derivatives
Derivatives are fair valued according to their classification as either exchange-traded or over-the-counter (“OTC”). Exchange-traded derivatives consist of forward currency exchange contracts that have been fair valued under Level 1 because they are traded in active markets. OTC derivatives, including those for customers, consist of interest rate swaps and options. These derivatives are fair valued under Level 2 using third party services. Observable market inputs include yield curves (the LIBOR swap curve and applicable basis swap curves), foreign exchange rates, commodity prices, option volatilities, counterparty credit risk, and other related data. Credit valuation adjustments are required to reflect both our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk. These adjustments are determined generally by applying a credit spread for the counterparty or the Company as

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appropriate to the total expected exposure of the derivative. Amounts disclosed in the following schedules differ from the presentation in Note 6 in that they include the foreign currency exchange contracts. The estimation of fair value of the TRS is discussed in Note 6.

Securities Sold, Not Yet Purchased
Securities sold, not yet purchased are fair valued under Level 1 when quoted prices are available for the securities involved. Any of these securities under Level 2 are fair valued similar to trading account investment securities.

Quantitative Disclosure of Fair Value Measurements
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value by class on a recurring basis are summarized as follows:
(In thousands)
March 31, 2013
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations
$
52,989

 
$
1,783,663

 
 
 
$
1,836,652

Municipal securities
 
 
53,865

 
$
17,043

 
70,908

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred – banks and insurance
 
 
122

 
1,003,102

 
1,003,224

Trust preferred – real estate investment trusts
 
 
 
 
17,306

 
17,306

Auction rate
 
 
 
 
6,524

 
6,524

Other (including ABS CDOs)
 
 
3,850

 
15,393

 
19,243

Mutual funds and stock
327,008

 
6,979

 
 
 
333,987

 
379,997

 
1,848,479

 
1,059,368

 
3,287,844

Trading account
 
 
28,301

 
 
 
28,301

Other noninterest-bearing investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity
 
 
5,143

 
69,706

 
74,849

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate related and other
 
 
1,613

 
 
 
1,613

Interest rate swaps for customers
 
 
70,824

 
 
 
70,824

Foreign currency exchange contracts
8,929

 
 
 
 
 
8,929

 
8,929

 
72,437

 
 
 
81,366

 
$
388,926

 
$
1,954,360

 
$
1,129,074

 
$
3,472,360

LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold, not yet purchased
$
1,662

 


 
 
 
$
1,662

Other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate related and other
 
 
$
888

 
 
 
888

Interest rate swaps for customers
 
 
73,985

 
 
 
73,985

Foreign currency exchange contracts
7,645

 
 
 
 
 
7,645

Total return swap
 
 
 
 
$
4,875

 
4,875

 
7,645

 
74,873

 
4,875

 
87,393

Other
 
 
 
 
195

 
195

 
$
9,307

 
$
74,873

 
$
5,070

 
$
89,250



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(In thousands)
December 31, 2012
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Available-for-sale:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury, agencies and corporations
$
102,982

 
$
1,692,637

 
 
 
$
1,795,619

Municipal securities
 
 
59,445

 
$
16,551

 
75,996

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred – banks and insurance
 
 
121

 
949,271

 
949,392

Trust preferred – real estate investment trusts
 
 
 
 
16,403

 
16,403

Auction rate
 
 
 
 
6,515

 
6,515

Other (including ABS CDOs)
 
 
4,214

 
15,160

 
19,374

Mutual funds and stock
219,214

 
8,797

 
 
 
228,011

 
322,196

 
1,765,214

 
1,003,900

 
3,091,310

Trading account
 
 
28,290

 
 
 
28,290

Other noninterest-bearing investments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Private equity
 
 
5,132

 
64,223

 
69,355

Other assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate related and other
 
 
2,850

 
 
 
2,850

Interest rate swaps for customers
 
 
79,579

 
 
 
79,579

Foreign currency exchange contracts
4,404

 
 
 
 
 
4,404

 
4,404

 
82,429

 
 
 
86,833

 
$
326,600

 
$
1,881,065

 
$
1,068,123

 
$
3,275,788

LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold, not yet purchased
$
26,735

 
 
 
 
 
$
26,735

Other liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate related and other
 
 
$
1,142

 
 
 
1,142

Interest rate swaps for customers
 
 
82,926

 
 
 
82,926

Foreign currency exchange contracts
3,159

 
 
 
 
 
3,159

Total return swap
 
 
 
 
$
5,127

 
5,127

 
3,159

 
84,068

 
5,127

 
92,354

Other
 
 
 
 
124

 
124

 
$
29,894

 
$
84,068

 
$
5,251

 
$
119,213


No transfers of assets and liabilities occurred among Levels 1, 2 or 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012.

Key Model Inputs and Assumptions
Key model unobservable input assumptions used to fair value certain asset-backed securities by class under Level 3 include the following at March 31, 2013:

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(Dollars in thousands)
Fair value at March 31, 2013
 
Valuation
approach
 
Constant default
rate (“CDR”)
 
Loss
severity
 
Prepayment rate
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred – predominantly banks
$
851,431

  
Income
 
Pool specific 3
 
100%
 
Pool specific 7
Trust preferred – predominantly insurance
273,924

  
Income
 
Pool specific 4
 
100%
 
5% per year
Trust preferred – individual banks
21,167

  
Market
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,146,522

1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred – real estate investment trusts
17,306

   
Income
 
Pool specific 5
 
60-100%
 
0% per year
Other (including ABS CDOs)
27,120

2 
Income
 
Collateral specific 6
 
70-100%
 
Collateral weighted
average life
 
1 Includes $1,003.1 million of AFS securities and $143.4 million of HTM securities.
2 Includes $15.4 million of AFS securities and $11.7 million of HTM securities.
3 CDR ranges: yr 1 – 0.32% to 3.14%; yrs 2-5 – 0.50% to 1.14%; yrs 6 to maturity – 0.58% to 0.72%.
4 CDR ranges: yr 1 – 0.30% to 0.31%; yrs 2-5 – 0.47% to 0.48%; yrs 6 to maturity – 0.50% to 0.54%.
5 CDR ranges: yr 1 – 3.4% to 7.7%; yrs 2-3 – 4.5% to 5.7%; yrs 4-6 – 1.0%; yrs 6 to maturity – 0.50%.
6 These are predominantly ABS CDOs whose collateral is rated. CDR and loss severities are built up from the loan level and vary by collateral ratings, asset class, and vintage.
7 Constant Prepayment Rate (“CPR”) ranges: 10.0% to 21.84% annually until 2016; 2016 to maturity – 3.0% annually.
The fair value of the Level 3 bank and insurance CDO portfolio would generally be adversely affected by significant increases in the CDR for performing collateral, the loss percentage expected from deferring collateral, and the discount rate used. The fair value of the portfolio would generally be positively affected by increases in interest rates and prepayment rates. For a specific tranche within a CDO, the directionality of the fair value change for a given assumption change may differ depending on the seniority level of the tranche. For example, faster prepayment may increase the fair value of a senior most tranche of a CDO while decreasing the fair value of a more junior tranche.

The following presents the percentage of total fair value of predominantly bank trust preferred CDOs by vintage year (origination date) according to original rating: 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value at March 31, 2013
 
Percentage of total fair value
 according to original rating
 
Percentage of total fair value by vintage
Vintage
year
 
 
 
 
 
AAA
 
A
 
BBB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2001
 
$
44,798

 
4.1
%
 
1.1
%
 
0.1
%
 
 
5.3
%
 
2002
 
211,329

 
22.2

 
2.7

 

 
 
24.9

 
2003
 
317,416

 
24.7

 
12.5

 

 
 
37.2

 
2004
 
167,780

 
8.0

 
11.7

 

 
 
19.7

 
2005
 
16,503

 
1.1

 
0.8

 

 
 
1.9

 
2006
 
55,365

 
2.7

 
3.5

 
0.3

 
 
6.5

 
2007
 
38,240

 
4.5

 

 

 
 
4.5

 
 
 
$
851,431

 
67.3
%
 
32.3
%
 
0.4
%
 
 
100.0
%
 

Reconciliation of Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The following reconciles the beginning and ending balances of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value by class on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs:

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Level 3 Instruments
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2013
(In thousands)
Municipal
securities
 
Trust 
preferred – banks and insurance
 
Trust
preferred –
REIT
 
Auction
rate
 
Other
asset-backed
 
Private
equity
investments
 
Derivatives
 
Other
liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2012
$
16,551

 
$
949,271

 
$
16,403

 
$
6,515

 
$
15,160

 
$
64,223

 
$
(5,127
)
 
$
(124
)
Total net gains (losses) included in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accretion of purchase discount on securities
available-for-sale
21

 
815

 
63

 
1

 
5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends and other investment income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,989

 
 
 
 
Equity securities gains, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,399

 
 
 
 
Fixed income securities gains, net
21

 
3,226

 
 
 


 
30

 
 
 
 
 
 
Net impairment losses on investment securities
 
 
(9,714
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(71
)
Other comprehensive income
725

 
78,650

 
840

 
8

 
2,651

 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
959

 
 
 
 
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(733
)
 
 
 
 
Redemptions and paydowns
(275
)
 
(19,146
)
 
 
 

 
(2,453
)
 
(131
)
 
252

 
 
Balance at March 31, 2013
$
17,043

 
$
1,003,102

 
$
17,306

 
$
6,524

 
$
15,393

 
$
69,706

 
$
(4,875
)
 
$
(195
)

 
Level 3 Instruments
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
(In thousands)
Municipal
securities
 
Trust 
preferred – banks and insurance
 
Trust
preferred –
REIT
 
Auction
rate
 
Other
asset-backed
 
Private
equity
investments
 
Derivatives
 
Other
liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2011
$
17,381

 
$
929,356

 
$
18,645

 
$
70,020

 
$
43,546

 
$
62,327

 
$
(5,422
)
 
$
(86
)
Total net gains (losses) included in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accretion of purchase discount on securities
available-for-sale
43

 
2,553

 
40

 
1

 
80

 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends and other investment income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2,665

 
 
 
 
Equity securities gains, net
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9,067

 
 
 
 
Fixed income securities gains, (losses), net


 
4,552

 
 
 
1,888

 
(5,773
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net impairment losses on investment securities
 
 
(10,209
)
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(119
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(40
)
 
30,199

 
(2,685
)
 
789

 
5,314

 
 
 
 
 
 
Purchases
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,688

 
 
 
 
Sales
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
(2,582
)
 
 
 
 
Redemptions and paydowns
(275
)
 
(20,581
)
 
 
 
(31,825
)
 
(2,845
)
 
(91
)
 
204

 
 
Balance at March 31, 2012
$
17,109

 
$
935,870

 
$
16,000

 
$
40,873

 
$
40,322

 
$
73,074

 
$
(5,218
)
 
$
(205
)


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The preceding reconciling amounts using Level 3 inputs include the following realized gains (losses):
 
(In thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends and other investment income
$
15

 
$

 
Fixed income securities gains, net
3,277

 
667


Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements
Included in the balance sheet amounts are the following amounts of assets that had fair value changes measured on a nonrecurring basis.
 
(In thousands)
Fair value at March 31, 2013
 
Fair value at December 31, 2012
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HTM securities adjusted for OTTI
$

 
$

 
$
8,483

 
$
8,483

 
$

 
$

 
$
23,524

 
$
23,524

Impaired loans

 
10,978

 

 
10,978

 

 
3,789

 

 
3,789

Private equity investments, carried at cost

 

 
5,242

 
5,242

 

 

 
13,520

 
13,520

Other real estate owned

 
34,124

 

 
34,124

 

 
58,954

 

 
58,954

 
$

 
$
45,102

 
$
13,725

 
$
58,827

 
$

 
$
62,743

 
$
37,044

 
$
99,787


 
Gains (losses) from fair value changes
(In thousands)

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2013
 
2012
ASSETS
 
 
 
HTM securities adjusted for OTTI
$
(403
)
 
$

Impaired loans
(883
)
 
(2,401
)
Private equity investments, carried at cost
(820
)
 
(1,582
)
Other real estate owned
(4,691
)
 
(7,332
)
 
$
(6,797
)
 
$
(11,315
)

HTM securities adjusted for OTTI were fair valued according to the methodology discussed elsewhere herein. Private equity investments carried at cost were fair valued according to the methodology discussed previously under Private Equity Investments. In previous reporting periods, the disclosure of private equity investments carried at cost was included with the private equity investments under the equity method of accounting. This revised disclosure had no effect on the Company’s financial statements or results of operations in the prior year first quarter. The amounts of private equity investments carried at cost were $70.8 million at March 31, 2013 and $74.8 million at December 31, 2012. Additionally, the amounts of other noninterest-bearing investments carried at cost were $229.4 million at March 31, 2013 and $232.5 million at December 31, 2012, which were comprised of Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank stock.

During the three months ended March 31, we recognized net gains of $3.9 million in 2013 and $2.8 million in 2012 from the sale of OREO properties that had a carrying value at the time of sale of approximately $22.0 million and $35.2 million, respectively. Previous to their sale in these periods, we recognized impairment on these properties of $0.1 million in 2013 and $0.7 million in 2012.
 

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Impaired (or nonperforming) loans that are collateral-dependent are fair valued under Level 2 based on the fair value of the collateral. OREO is fair valued under Level 2 at the lower of cost or fair value based on property appraisals at the time the property is recorded in OREO and as appropriate thereafter.

Measurement of impairment for collateral-dependent loans and OREO is based on third party appraisals that utilize one or more valuation techniques (income, market and/or cost approaches). Any adjustments to calculated fair value are made based on recently completed and validated third party appraisals, third party appraisal services, automated valuation services, or our informed judgment. Evaluations are made to determine that the appraisal process meets the relevant concepts and requirements of applicable accounting guidance.

Automated valuation services may be used primarily for residential properties when values from any of the previous methods were not available within 90 days of the balance sheet date. These services use models based on market, economic, and demographic values. The use of these models has only occurred in a very few instances and the related property valuations have not been significant to consider disclosure under Level 3 rather than Level 2.

Impaired loans not collateral-dependent are fair valued based on the present value of future cash flows discounted at the expected coupon rates over the lives of the loans. Because the loans were not discounted at market interest rates, the valuations do not represent fair value and have been excluded from the nonrecurring fair value balance in the preceding schedules.

Fair Value of Certain Financial Instruments
Following is a summary of the carrying values and estimated fair values of certain financial instruments:
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(In thousands)
Carrying
value
 
Estimated
fair value
 
Carrying
value
 
Estimated
fair value
Financial assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HTM investment securities
$
736,158

 
$
684,668

 
$
756,909

 
$
674,741

Loans and leases (including loans held for sale), net of allowance
37,082,197

 
37,104,558

 
37,020,811

 
37,024,198

Financial liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Time deposits
2,889,903

 
2,911,819

 
2,962,931

 
2,988,714

Foreign deposits
1,528,745

 
1,528,381

 
1,804,060

 
1,803,625

Other short-term borrowings

 

 
5,409

 
5,421

Long-term debt (less fair value hedges)
2,345,545

 
2,676,392

 
2,329,323

 
2,636,422

This summary excludes financial assets and liabilities for which carrying value approximates fair value. For financial assets, these include cash and due from banks and money market investments. For financial liabilities, these include demand, savings and money market deposits, and federal funds purchased and security repurchase agreements. The estimated fair value of demand, savings and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Carrying value is used because the accounts have no stated maturity and the customer has the ability to withdraw funds immediately. Also excluded from the summary are financial instruments recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, as previously described.

HTM investment securities primarily consist of municipal securities and bank and insurance trust preferred CDOs. HTM municipal securities are fair valued under Level 3 using a standard form discounted cash flow model as discussed previously and the valuation inputs described under auction rate securities. HTM bank and insurance trust preferred CDOs are fair valued using the licensed internal third party model described previously.

The fair value of loans is estimated according to their status as nonimpaired or impaired. For nonimpaired loans, the fair value is estimated by discounting future cash flows using the LIBOR yield curve adjusted by a factor which reflects the credit and interest rate risk inherent in the loan. These future cash flows are then reduced by the

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estimated “life-of-the-loan” aggregate credit losses in the loan portfolio. These adjustments for lifetime future credit losses incorporate many of the inputs used to estimate the ALLL for our loan portfolio and are adjusted quarterly as necessary to reflect the most recent loss experience. Impaired loans are already considered to be held at fair value, except those whose fair value is determined by discounting cash flows, as discussed previously. See Impaired Loans in Note 5 for details on the impairment measurement method for impaired loans. Loans, other than those held for sale, are not normally purchased and sold by the Company, and there are no active trading markets for most of this portfolio. Accordingly, our estimates of fair value for loans are categorized as Level 3.

The fair values of time and foreign deposits, other short-term borrowings, and long-term debt are estimated under Level 2. Time and foreign deposits, and other short-term borrowings, are fair valued by discounting future cash flows using the LIBOR yield curve to the given maturity dates. Long-term debt is fair valued based on actual market trades (i.e., an asset value) when available, or discounting cash flows to maturity using the LIBOR yield curve adjusted for credit spreads.

These fair value disclosures represent our best estimates based on relevant market information and information about the financial instruments. Fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of the various instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in the above methodologies and assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

Further, certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments are excluded from the applicable disclosure requirements. Therefore, the fair value amounts shown in the schedule do not, by themselves, represent the underlying value of the Company as a whole.

10.
COMMITMENTS, GUARANTEES AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Commitments and Guarantees
Contractual amounts of off-balance sheet financial instruments used to meet the financing needs of our customers are as follows:
(In thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
Commitments to extend credit
$
14,360,762

 
$
14,277,347

Standby letters of credit:
 
 
 
Financial
804,803

 
774,427

Performance
175,204

 
190,029

Commercial letters of credit
84,773

 
91,978

The Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K contains further information about these commitments and guarantees including their terms and collateral requirements. At March 31, 2013, the Company had recorded approximately $9.5 million as a liability for the guarantees associated with the standby letters of credit, which consisted of $5.5 million attributable to the RULC and $4.0 million of deferred commitment fees.
At March 31, 2013, the Parent has guaranteed $300 million of debt of affiliated trusts issuing trust preferred securities. However, as a result of the subsequent event reported in Note 7, the Company canceled $285 million of this guarantee upon the redemption of the Zions Capital Trust B trust preferred securities.

At March 31, 2013, we had commitments for private equity and other noninterest-bearing investments of $31.1 million. These obligations have no stated maturity.


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Legal Matters
We are subject to litigation in court and arbitral proceedings, as well as proceedings, investigations, examinations and other actions brought or considered by governmental and self-regulatory agencies. At any given time, litigation may relate to lending, deposit and other customer relationships, vendor and contractual issues, employee matters, intellectual property matters, personal injuries and torts, regulatory and legal compliance, and other matters. While most matters relate to individual claims, we are also subject to putative class action claims and similar broader claims. Current putative class actions and similar claims include the following:
two complaints relating to allegedly wrongful acts in our processing of overdraft fees on debit card transactions in which the plaintiffs seek monetary awards on the basis of various common law claims,
Barlow, et. al. v. Zions First National Bank and Zions Bancorporation, pending in the United States District Court for the District of Utah, and
Sadlier, et. al. v. National Bank of Arizona, pending in the Superior Court for the State of Arizona, County of Maricopa;
a complaint relating to our banking relationships with customers that allegedly engaged in wrongful telemarketing practices in which the plaintiff seeks a trebled monetary award under the federal RICO Act, Reyes v. Zions First National Bank, et. al., pending in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania; and
a complaint arising from our banking relationships with Frederick Berg and a number of investment funds controlled by him using the “Meridian” brand name, in which the liquidating trustee for the funds seeks an award from us, on the basis of aiding and abetting liability, for monetary damages suffered by victims of a fraud allegedly perpetrated by Berg, In re Consolidated Meridian Funds a/k/a Meridian Investors Trust, Mark Calvert as Liquidating Trustee, et. al. vs. Zions Bancorporation and The Commerce Bank of Washington, N.A., pending in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Western District of Washington.
Discovery has commenced in the Barlow and Reyes cases, but not in the Sadlier or Meridian Funds cases. Motions for and against class certification have been made in the Reyes case.
  
At any given time, proceedings, investigations, examinations and other actions brought or considered by governmental and self-regulatory agencies may relate to our banking, investment advisory, trust, securities, and other products and services; our customers’ involvement in money-laundering, fraud, securities violations and other illicit activities or our policies and practices relating to such customer activities; and our compliance with the broad range of banking, securities and other laws and regulations applicable to us. At any given time, we may be in the process of responding to subpoenas, requests for documents, data and testimony relating to such matters and engaging in discussions to resolve the matters. Significant investigations and similar inquiries to which we are currently subject relate to:
possible money laundering activities of a customer of one of our banking subsidiaries and the anti-money laundering practices of that bank (conducted by the United States Attorneys Office for the Southern District of New York);
the practices of our subsidiary, Contango Capital Advisors, Inc., relative to certain investment products acquired by Contango clients from sponsors and issuers unaffiliated with us (conducted by the staff of the Salt Lake City office of the SEC); and
the practices of our subsidiary, Zions Bank, and former subsidiary, NetDeposit, LLC, relating primarily to payment processing for allegedly fraudulent telemarketers connected with the Reyes case noted previously (conducted by the United States Attorneys Office for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania).
At least quarterly, we review outstanding and new legal matters, utilizing then available information. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, if we determine that a loss from a matter is probable and the amount of the

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loss can be reasonably estimated, we establish an accrual for the loss. In the absence of such a determination, no accrual is made. Once established, accruals are adjusted to reflect developments relating to the matters.

In our review, we also assess whether we can determine the range of reasonably possible losses for significant matters in which we are unable to determine that the likelihood of a loss is remote. Because of the difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal matters, discussed subsequently, we are able to estimate such a range only for a limited number of matters. We currently estimate the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses for those matters to be from $0 million to not more than $80 million in excess of amounts accrued. This estimated range of reasonably possible losses is based on information currently available as of March 31, 2013. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from this estimate. Those matters for which an estimate is not possible are not included within this estimated range and, therefore, this estimated range does not represent our maximum loss exposure.

Based on our current knowledge, we believe that our current estimated liability for litigation and other legal actions and claims, reflected in our accruals and determined in accordance with applicable accounting guidance, is adequate and that liabilities in excess of the amounts currently accrued, if any, arising from litigation and other legal actions and claims for which an estimate as previously described is possible, will not have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. However, in light of the significant uncertainties involved in these matters, and the very large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, an adverse outcome in one or more of these matters could be material to our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows for any given reporting period.

Any estimate or determination relating to the future resolution of litigation, arbitration, governmental or self-regulatory examinations, investigations or actions or similar matters is inherently uncertain and involves significant judgment. This is particularly true in the early stages of a legal matter, when legal issues and facts have not been well articulated, reviewed, analyzed, and vetted through discovery, preparation for trial or hearings, substantive and productive mediation or settlement discussions, or other actions. It is also particularly true with respect to class action and similar claims involving multiple defendants, matters with complex procedural requirements or substantive issues or novel legal theories, and examinations, investigations and other actions conducted or brought by governmental and self-regulatory agencies, in which the normal adjudicative process is not applicable. Accordingly, we usually are unable to determine whether a favorable or unfavorable outcome is remote, reasonably likely, or probable, or to estimate the amount or range of a probable or reasonably likely loss, until relatively late in the course of a legal matter, sometimes not until a number of years have elapsed. Accordingly, our judgments and estimates relating to claims will change from time to time in light of developments and actual outcomes will differ from our estimates. These differences may be material.

11.
RETIREMENT PLANS
The following discloses the net periodic benefit cost (credit) and its components for the Company’s pension and postretirement plans:
 
 
Pension benefits
 
Supplemental
retirement
benefits
 
Postretirement
benefits
(In thousands)
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
 
$


$
13

 
$

 
$

 
$
8

 
$
9

Interest cost
 
1,739


1,892

 
101


115

 
10

 
12

Expected return on plan assets
 
(3,027
)

(2,827
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)
 
 
 
 
 
31


31

 
(37
)
 
(61
)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss
 
2,157


2,345

 
17


(28
)
 
(19
)
 
(22
)
Net periodic benefit cost (credit)
 
$
869

 
$
1,423

 
$
149

 
$
118

 
$
(38
)
 
$
(62
)


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As disclosed in the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K, the Company has frozen its participation and benefit accruals for the pension plan and its contributions for individual benefit payments in the postretirement benefit plan.

12.
OPERATING SEGMENT INFORMATION
We manage our operations and prepare management reports and other information with a primary focus on geographical area. As of March 31, 2013, we operate eight community/regional banks in distinct geographical areas. Performance assessment and resource allocation are based upon this geographical structure. Zions Bank operates 102 branches in Utah and 26 branches in Idaho. CB&T operates 102 branches in California. Amegy operates 84 branches in Texas. NBAZ operates 72 branches in Arizona. NSB operates 52 branches in Nevada. Vectra operates 38 branches in Colorado and one branch in New Mexico. TCBW operates one branch in the state of Washington. TCBO operates one branch in Oregon.

The operating segment identified as “Other” includes the Parent, Zions Management Services Company (“ZMSC”), certain nonbank financial service subsidiaries, TCBO, and eliminations of transactions between segments. The Parent’s operations are significant to the Other segment. Net interest income is substantially affected by the Parent’s interest on long-term debt. Net impairment losses on investment securities relate to the Parent. ZMSC provides internal technology and operational services to affiliated operating businesses of the Company. ZMSC charges most of its costs to the affiliates on an approximate break-even basis.

The accounting policies of the individual operating segments are the same as those of the Company. Transactions between operating segments are primarily conducted at fair value, resulting in profits that are eliminated for reporting consolidated results of operations. Operating segments pay for centrally provided services based upon estimated or actual usage of those services.


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The following table presents selected operating segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and 2012:
(In millions)
Zions Bank
 
CB&T
 
Amegy
 
NBAZ
 
NSB
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
CONDENSED INCOME STATEMENT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
$
151.5

 
$
167.6

 
$
114.6

 
$
117.2

 
$
95.4

 
$
95.5

 
$
40.5

 
$
42.0

 
$
27.4

 
$
31.2

Provision for loan losses
1.8

 
40.5

 
(6.8
)
 
(2.9
)
 
(13.8
)
 
(23.3
)
 

 
6.5

 
(0.2
)
 
(6.7
)
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
149.7

 
127.1

 
121.4


120.1

 
109.2

 
118.8

 
40.5

 
35.5

 
27.6

 
37.9

Net impairment losses on investment securities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss on sale of investment securities to Parent

 

 

 
(9.2
)
 

 

 

 

 

 

Other noninterest income
50.3

 
60.3

 
21.6

 
19.1

 
38.4

 
32.4

 
8.2

 
7.7

 
8.9

 
7.9

Noninterest expense
115.0

 
122.0

 
90.3

 
81.2

 
84.2

 
82.0

 
34.2

 
37.8

 
31.7

 
35.3

Income (loss) before income taxes
85.0

 
65.4

 
52.7

 
48.8

 
63.4

 
69.2

 
14.5

 
5.4

 
4.8

 
10.5

Income tax expense (benefit)
31.0

 
22.9

 
20.8

 
19.1

 
21.3

 
23.3

 
5.4

 
2.1

 
1.6

 
3.6

Net income (loss)
$
54.0

 
$
42.5

 
$
31.9

 
$
29.7

 
$
42.1

 
$
45.9

 
$
9.1

 
$
3.3

 
$
3.2

 
$
6.9

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET DATA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
17,055

 
$
17,256

 
$
10,922

 
$
10,834

 
$
12,690

 
$
12,035

 
$
4,592

 
$
4,467

 
$
4,052

 
$
4,125

Cash and due from banks
350

 
365

 
175

 
186

 
321

 
361

 
69

 
70

 
86

 
89

Money market investments
2,507

 
2,256

 
1,327

 
1,080

 
2,183

 
2,229

 
479

 
616

 
994

 
948

Total securities
1,239

 
1,441

 
344

 
343

 
412

 
342

 
274

 
274

 
742

 
752

Total loans
12,357

 
12,534

 
8,275

 
8,344

 
8,595

 
7,965

 
3,552

 
3,280

 
2,098

 
2,203

Total deposits
14,743

 
14,704

 
9,309

 
9,113

 
10,291

 
9,473

 
3,894

 
3,709

 
3,593

 
3,568

Shareholder’s equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred equity
280

 
480

 
162

 
262

 
251

 
488

 
180

 
305

 
139

 
260

Common equity
1,509

 
1,386

 
1,327

 
1,281

 
1,744

 
1,645

 
401

 
352

 
298

 
275

Noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total shareholder’s equity
1,789

 
1,866

 
1,489

 
1,543

 
1,995

 
2,133

 
581

 
657

 
437

 
535

 
Vectra
 
TCBW
 
Other
 
Consolidated
Company
 
 
 
 
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
CONDENSED INCOME STATEMENT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net interest income
$
25.6

 
$
25.7

 
$
6.5

 
$
7.1

 
$
(43.4
)
 
$
(48.8
)
 
$
418.1

 
$
437.5

 
 
 
 
Provision for loan losses
(8.6
)
 
1.0

 
(0.9
)
 
0.6

 
(0.5
)
 

 
(29.0
)
 
15.7

 
 
 
 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
34.2

 
24.7

 
7.4

 
6.5

 
(42.9
)
 
(48.8
)
 
447.1

 
421.8

 
 
 
 
Net impairment losses on investment securities

 

 

 

 
(10.1
)
 
(10.2
)
 
(10.1
)
 
(10.2
)
 
 
 
 
Loss on sale of investment
securities to Parent

 

 

 

 

 
9.2

 

 

 
 
 
 
Other noninterest income
7.0

 
5.4

 
1.0

 
0.9

 
(4.1
)
 
(11.7
)
 
131.3

 
122.0

 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
25.1

 
24.9

 
4.9

 
4.7

 
11.9

 
4.4

 
397.3

 
392.3

 
 
 
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
16.1

 
5.2

 
3.5

 
2.7

 
(69.0
)
 
(65.9
)
 
171.0

 
141.3

 
 
 
 
Income tax expense (benefit)
5.8

 
1.6

 
1.2

 
0.9

 
(26.5
)
 
(21.6
)
 
60.6

 
51.9

 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
10.3

 
$
3.6

 
$
2.3

 
$
1.8

 
$
(42.5
)
 
$
(44.3
)
 
$
110.4

 
$
89.4

 
 
 
 
AVERAGE BALANCE SHEET DATA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
2,463

 
$
2,364

 
$
880

 
$
897

 
$
1,207

 
$
602

 
$
53,861

 
$
52,580

 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
52

 
51

 
19

 
20

 
(9
)
 
(19
)
 
1,063

 
1,123

 
 
 
 
Money market investments
46

 
66

 
181

 
185

 
395

 
(98
)
 
8,112

 
7,282

 
 
 
 
Total securities
184

 
224

 
101

 
122

 
519

 
437

 
3,815

 
3,935

 
 
 
 
Total loans
2,092

 
1,933

 
565

 
555

 
64

 
68

 
37,598

 
36,882

 
 
 
 
Total deposits
2,107

 
2,027

 
735

 
747

 
(262
)
 
(970
)
 
44,410

 
42,371

 
 
 
 
Shareholder’s equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred equity
70

 
70

 
3

 
15

 
145

 
475

 
1,230

 
2,355

 
 
 
 
Common equity
227

 
202

 
82

 
76

 
(598
)
 
(572
)
 
4,990

 
4,645

 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 
(4
)
 
(2
)
 
(4
)
 
(2
)
 
 
 
 
Total shareholder’s equity
297

 
272

 
85

 
91

 
(457
)
 
(99
)
 
6,216

 
6,998

 
 
 
 

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ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are based on other than historical data are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations or forecasts of future events and include, among others:
statements with respect to the beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, anticipations, and future financial condition, results of operations and performance of Zions Bancorporation (“the Parent”) and its subsidiaries (collectively “the Company,” “Zions,” “we,” “our,” “us”);
statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “projects,” or similar expressions.
These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, nor should they be relied upon as representing management’s views as of any subsequent date. Forward-looking statements involve significant risks and uncertainties and actual results may differ materially from those presented, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, those presented in Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Factors that might cause such differences include, but are not limited to:
the Company’s ability to successfully execute its business plans, manage its risks, and achieve its objectives;
changes in local, national and international political and economic conditions, including without limitation the political and economic effects of the recent economic crisis, delay of recovery from that crisis, economic conditions and fiscal imbalances in the United States and other countries, potential or actual downgrades in rating of sovereign debt issued by the United States and other countries, and other major developments, including wars, military actions, and terrorist attacks;
changes in financial market conditions, either internationally, nationally or locally in areas in which the Company conducts its operations, including without limitation reduced rates of business formation and growth, commercial and residential real estate development and real estate prices;
fluctuations in markets for equity, fixed-income, commercial paper and other securities, including availability, market liquidity levels, and pricing;
changes in interest rates, the quality and composition of the loan and securities portfolios, demand for loan products, deposit flows and competition;
acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses;
increases in the levels of losses, customer bankruptcies, bank failures, claims, and assessments;
changes in fiscal, monetary, regulatory, trade and tax policies and laws, and regulatory assessments and fees, including policies of the U.S. Department of Treasury, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board System, and the FDIC; 
the impact of executive compensation rules under the Dodd-Frank Act and banking regulations which may impact the ability of the Company and other American financial institutions to retain and recruit executives and other personnel necessary for their businesses and competitiveness;
the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act and of new international standards known as Basel III, and rules and regulations thereunder, many of which have not yet been promulgated, on our required regulatory capital and liquidity levels, governmental assessments on us, the scope of business activities in which we may engage, the manner in which we engage in such activities, the fees we may charge for certain products and services, and other matters affected by the Dodd-Frank Act and these international standards;
continuing consolidation in the financial services industry;
new legal claims against the Company, including litigation, arbitration and proceedings brought by governmental or self-regulatory agencies, or changes in existing legal matters;
success in gaining regulatory approvals, when required;

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changes in consumer spending and savings habits;
increased competitive challenges and expanding product and pricing pressures among financial institutions;
inflation and deflation;
technological changes and the Company’s implementation of new technologies;
the Company’s ability to develop and maintain secure and reliable information technology systems;
legislation or regulatory changes which adversely affect the Company’s operations or business;
the Company’s ability to comply with applicable laws and regulations;
changes in accounting policies or procedures as may be required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board or regulatory agencies; and
costs of deposit insurance and changes with respect to FDIC insurance coverage levels.
Except to the extent required by law, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to update any factors or to publicly announce the result of revisions to any of the forward-looking statements included herein to reflect future events or developments.
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
ABS
Asset-Backed Security
FICO
Fair Isaac Corporation
ACL
Allowance for Credit Losses
FRB
Federal Reserve Board
AFS
Available-for-Sale
GAAP
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
ALCO
Asset/Liability Committee
HECL
Home Equity Credit Line
ALLL
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
HTM
Held-to-Maturity
Amegy
Amegy Corporation
IA
Indemnification Asset
AOCI
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
IFRS
International Financial Reporting Standards
ASC
Accounting Standards Codification
ISDA
International Swap Dealer Association
ASU
Accounting Standards Update
LGD
Loss Given Default
ATM
Automated Teller Machine
LIBOR
London Interbank Offered Rate
bps
basis points
Lockhart
Lockhart Funding LLC
CB&T
California Bank & Trust
MCC
Model Control Committee
CDO
Collateralized Debt Obligation
MVE
Market Value of Equity
CDR
Constant Default Rate
NBAZ
National Bank of Arizona
CLTV
Combined Loan-to-Value Ratio
NPR
Notices of Proposed Rulemaking
CPR
Constant Prepayment Rate
NRSRO
Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization
CRE
Commercial Real Estate
NSB
Nevada State Bank
DB
Deutsche Bank AG
OCC
Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
DBRS
Dominion Bond Rating Service
OCI
Other Comprehensive Income
Dodd-Frank Act
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
OREO
Other Real Estate Owned
DTA
Deferred Tax Asset
OTC
Over-the-Counter
DTL
Deferred Tax Liability
OTTI
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
FAMC
Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, or “Farmer Mac”
Parent
Zions Bancorporation
FASB
Financial Accounting Standards Board
PCI
Purchased Credit-Impaired
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
PD
Probability of Default
FHLB
Federal Home Loan Bank
PIK
Payment in Kind


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REIT
Real Estate Investment Trust
TCBO
The Commerce Bank of Oregon
RULC
Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments
TCBW
The Commerce Bank of Washington
SBA
Small Business Administration
TDR
Troubled Debt Restructuring
SBIC
Small Business Investment Company
TRS
Total Return Swap
SEC
Securities and Exchange Commission
Vectra
Vectra Bank Colorado
SOC
Securitization Oversight Committee
Zions Bank
Zions First National Bank
TARP
Troubled Asset Relief Program
ZMSC
Zions Management Services Company

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES
The Company has made no significant changes in its critical accounting policies and significant estimates from those disclosed in its 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The Company reported net earnings applicable to common shareholders of $88.3 million, or $0.48 per diluted share for the first quarter of 2013, compared to $25.5 million, or $0.14 per diluted share for the same prior year period. The following changes had a favorable impact on net earnings:
$44.7 million decrease in the provision for loan losses;
$41.8 million decrease in preferred stock dividends;
$14.8 million decrease in total interest expense;
$5.8 million decrease in other real estate expense; and
$3.7 million increase in other service charges, commissions and fees.
The impact of these items was partially offset by the following:
$34.1 million decrease in total interest income;
$14.8 million increase in other noninterest expense;
$8.8 million increase in income taxes;
$6.3 million decrease in equity securities gains; and
$5.2 million increase in salaries and employee benefits.
During 2009, the Company executed a subordinated debt modification and exchange transaction. The original discount on the convertible subordinated debt was $679 million and the remaining discount at March 31, 2013 was $137 million. It included the following components:
the fair value discount on the debt; and
the value of the beneficial conversion feature which added the right of the debt holder to convert the debt into preferred stock.
The discount associated with the convertible subordinated debt is amortized to interest expense using the interest method over the remaining term of the subordinated debt (referred to herein as “discount amortization”). When holders of the convertible subordinated notes convert to preferred stock, the rate of amortization is accelerated by immediately expensing any unamortized discount associated with the converted debt (referred to herein as “accelerated discount amortization”).

Excluding the impact of these noncash expenses, income before income taxes and subordinated debt conversions for the first three months of 2013 was $182.9 million compared to $164.6 million for the first quarter of 2012.


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IMPACT OF CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED DEBT
 
 
Three Months Ended
(In millions)
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
September 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income taxes (GAAP)
 
 
$
171.0

 
 
 
$
87.5

 
 
 
$
170.3

 
 
 
$
142.5

 
 
 
$
141.3

 
Convertible subordinated debt discount amortization
 
 
11.6

 
 
 
11.0

 
 
 
10.5

 
 
 
10.7

 
 
 
11.1

 
Accelerated convertible subordinated debt discount amortization
 
 
0.3

 
 
 
1.1

 
 
 
2.0

 
 
 
16.2

 
 
 
12.2

 
Income before income taxes and subordinated debt conversions (non-GAAP)
 
 
$
182.9

 
 
 
$
99.6

 
 
 
$
182.8

 
 
 
$
169.4

 
 
 
$
164.6

 
The impact of the conversion of subordinated debt into preferred stock is further discussed in the “Capital Management” section.

Net Interest Income, Margin and Interest Rate Spreads
Net interest income is the difference between interest earned on interest-earning assets and interest incurred on interest-bearing liabilities. Taxable-equivalent net interest income is the largest portion of the Company’s revenue. For the first three months of 2013, taxable-equivalent net interest income was $422.3 million, compared to $442.3 million for the first quarter of 2012, and $434.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2012. The tax rate used for calculating all taxable-equivalent adjustments was 35% for all periods presented.

Net interest margin in 2013 vs. 2012
The net interest margin was 3.44% and 3.69% for the first three months of 2013 and 2012, respectively, and 3.47% for the fourth quarter of 2012. The decreased net interest margin for the first quarter of 2013 compared to the first quarter of 2012 resulted primarily from:
lower yields on loans and AFS investment securities; and
increased balance of low-yielding money market investments.
The impact of these items was partially offset by the following favorable developments:
lower yields on deposit funding; and
lower yields on long-term debt.
Even though the Company’s average loan portfolio, excluding FDIC-supported loans, was $930 million higher in the first three months of 2013 than for the same prior year period, the average interest rate earned on those assets was 43 bps lower. This decline in interest income was primarily caused by (1) adjustable rate loans originated in the past resetting to lower rates due to the current repricing index being lower than the rate when the loans were originated, and (2) maturing loans, many of which had rate floors, being replaced with new loans at lower original coupons and/or lower floors compared to the rates at which loans were originated when spreads were higher.

The yield earned on AFS securities during the first quarter of 2013 was 67 bps lower than in the comparable prior year period. The interest rates for most of the securities in the AFS securities portfolio are based on variable rate indexes such as the 3-month LIBOR rate, which decreased considerably between these reporting periods. Additionally, the lower yield can also be ascribed to accelerated premium amortization on certain SBA loan securities due to increased paydowns.

During the first quarter of 2013, most of the Company’s excess liquidity was invested in money market assets, primarily deposits with the Federal Reserve Bank. Average money market investments increased to 16.3% of total interest-earning assets in the first quarter of 2013 compared to 15.1% in the comparable prior year period. The average rate earned by these investments remained practically unchanged between these time periods.


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Noninterest-bearing demand deposits provided the Company with low cost funding and comprised 38.8% of average total deposits in the first three months of 2013 compared to 37.0% for the same period in 2012. Additionally, the average rate paid on interest-bearing deposits in the first quarter of 2013 decreased by 12 bps when compared to the first quarter of 2012. As a practical matter, it is becoming difficult to reduce deposit costs further as those costs approach zero.

During the first quarter of 2013, the average interest rate of long-term debt was 270 bps lower than in the same prior year period. This can be attributed to the lower accelerated amortization of convertible subordinated debt discount. Refer to the “Liquidity Management Actions” section for more information.

See “Interest Rate and Market Risk Management” for further discussion of how we manage the portfolios of interest-earning assets, interest-bearing liabilities, and the associated risk.

The spread on average interest-bearing funds was 3.08%, and 3.24% for the first quarters of 2013 and 2012, respectively. The spread on average interest-bearing funds for the first three months of 2012 was affected by the same factors that had an impact on the net interest margin.

If we assume no further changes in volume of earning assets, we expect net interest income to decline further by a moderate amount, as the aforementioned factors such as loan repricing are expected to continue. Furthermore, competitive pricing pressures on loans and lower benchmark indices (such as LIBOR) have resulted in lower rates achieved on new loan production compared to those produced in the past, and that competitive pressure may intensify in part due to the current U.S. monetary policy, which has resulted in a significant increase in the money supply, but has not yet resulted in strong borrowing demand by qualified customers. Nevertheless, we believe we can offset much of the pressure on the net interest margin primarily through loan growth and debt refinancing/reduction, and have indicated that we believe net interest income is likely to remain generally stable over the next year compared to the first quarter of 2013, although the quarterly path is likely to exhibit some volatility.
 
The unamortized discount on convertible subordinated debt was $137 million as of March 31, 2013, or 30.1% of the $457 million of remaining outstanding convertible subordinated notes, and will be amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the debt using the interest method. At December 31, 2012, the unamortized discount on the convertible subordinated debt was $149 million, or 32.6% of the $458 million of convertible subordinated notes that were outstanding at that time.

The Company expects to remain “asset-sensitive” with regard to interest rate risk. The current period of historically low interest rates has lasted for several years. During this time, the Company has maintained an interest rate risk position that is more asset sensitive than it was prior to the economic crisis, and more than most peers, and it expects to maintain this more asset-sensitive position for what may be a prolonged period. With interest rates at historically low levels, there is a reduced need to protect against falling interest rates. Our estimates of the Company’s actual interest rate risk position are highly dependent upon a number of assumptions regarding the repricing behavior of various deposit and loan types in response to changes in both short-term and long-term interest rates, balance sheet composition, and other modeling assumptions, as well as the actions of competitors and customers in response to those changes. In addition, our modeled projections for noninterest-bearing demand deposits, a substantial portion of our deposit balances, are particularly reliant on assumptions for which there is little historical experience. Further detail on interest rate risk is discussed in ”Interest Rate Risk” on page 79 of the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in this filing in “Interest Rate Risk.”

The following schedule summarizes the average balances, the amount of interest earned or incurred and the applicable yields for interest-earning assets and the costs of interest-bearing liabilities that generate taxable-equivalent net interest income.

 

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CONSOLIDATED AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS, YIELDS AND RATES
(Unaudited)
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2013
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2012
(In thousands)
 
Average
balance
 
Amount of
interest 1
 
Average
rate
 
Average
balance
 
Amount of
interest 1
 
Average
rate
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Money market investments
 
$
8,111,798

 
$
5,439

 
0.27
%
 
$
7,282,245

 
$
4,628

 
0.26
%
Securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
 
756,739

 
9,536

 
5.11
%
 
799,741

 
10,999

 
5.53
%
Available-for-sale
 
3,035,592

 
18,002

 
2.41
%
 
3,093,827

 
23,704

 
3.08
%
Trading account
 
22,620

 
190

 
3.41
%
 
41,189

 
338

 
3.30
%
Total securities
 
3,814,951

 
27,728

 
2.95
%
 
3,934,757

 
35,041

 
3.58
%
Loans held for sale
 
204,597

 
1,764

 
3.50
%
 
174,902

 
1,502

 
3.45
%
Loans 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and leases
 
37,099,182

 
427,605

 
4.67
%
 
36,168,859

 
459,009

 
5.10
%
FDIC-supported loans
 
498,654

 
26,349

 
21.43
%
 
712,877

 
23,559

 
13.29
%
Total loans
 
37,597,836

 
453,954

 
4.90
%
 
36,881,736

 
482,568

 
5.26
%
Total interest-earning assets
 
49,729,182

 
488,885

 
3.99
%
 
48,273,640

 
523,739

 
4.36
%
Cash and due from banks
 
1,063,314

 
 
 
 
 
1,122,979

 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
(884,363
)
 
 
 
 
 
(1,048,446
)
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
 
1,014,129

 
 
 
 
 
1,015,129

 
 
 
 
Core deposit and other intangibles
 
49,069

 
 
 
 
 
65,837

 
 
 
 
Other assets
 
2,889,354

 
 
 
 
 
3,150,956

 
 
 
 
Total assets
 
$
53,860,685

 
 
 
 
 
$
52,580,095

 
 
 
 
LIABILITIES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Savings and money market
 
$
22,735,258

 
10,412

 
0.19
%
 
$
21,901,941

 
15,364

 
0.28
%
Time
 
2,935,316

 
4,475

 
0.62
%
 
3,369,323

 
6,640

 
0.79
%
Foreign
 
1,528,665

 
755

 
0.20
%
 
1,408,409

 
1,409

 
0.40
%
Total interest-bearing deposits
27,199,239

 
15,642

 
0.23
%
 
26,679,673


23,413

 
0.35
%
Borrowed funds:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold, not yet purchased
 
494

 

 
%
 
22,758

 
191

 
3.38
%
Federal funds purchased and security repurchase agreements
 
289,918

 
73

 
0.10
%
 
528,662

 
154

 
0.12
%
Other short-term borrowings
 
3,837

 
19

 
2.01
%
 
48,394

 
434

 
3.61
%
Long-term debt
 
2,331,314

 
50,899

 
8.85
%
 
1,991,776

 
57,207

 
11.55
%
Total borrowed funds
 
2,625,563

 
50,991

 
7.88
%
 
2,591,590

 
57,986

 
9.00
%
Total interest-bearing liabilities
 
29,824,802

 
66,633

 
0.91
%
 
29,271,263

 
81,399

 
1.12
%
Noninterest-bearing deposits
 
17,211,214

 
 
 
 
 
15,691,499

 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
 
608,206

 
 
 
 
 
619,231

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
47,644,222

 
 
 
 
 
45,581,993

 
 
 
 
Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred equity
 
1,229,708

 
 
 
 
 
2,355,549

 
 
 
 
Common equity
 
4,990,317

 
 
 
 
 
4,644,722

 
 
 
 
Controlling interest shareholders’ equity
6,220,025

 
 
 
 
 
7,000,271

 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling interests
 
(3,562
)
 
 
 
 
 
(2,169
)
 
 
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity
 
6,216,463

 
 
 
 
 
6,998,102

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
53,860,685

 
 
 
 
 
$
52,580,095

 
 
 
 
Spread on average interest-bearing funds
 
 
 
 
3.08
%
 
 
 
 
 
3.24
%
Taxable-equivalent net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
 
 
$
422,252

 
3.44
%
 
 
 
$
442,340

 
3.69
%
1 Taxable-equivalent rates used where applicable.
2 Net of unearned income and fees, net of related costs. Loans include nonaccrual and restructured loans.

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Provisions for Credit Losses
The provision for loan losses is the amount of expense that, in our judgment, is required to maintain the allowance for loan losses at an adequate level based upon the inherent risks in the loan portfolio. The provision for unfunded lending commitments is used to maintain the reserve for unfunded lending commitments at an adequate level based upon the inherent risks associated with such commitments. In determining adequate levels of the allowance and reserve, we perform periodic evaluations of the Company’s various loan portfolios, the levels of actual charge-offs, credit trends, and external factors. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Credit Risk Management” for more information on how we determine the appropriate level for the ALLL and the RULC.

The provision for loan losses for the first quarter of 2013 was $(29.0) million compared to $15.7 million for the comparable prior year period. During the past few years, the Company has experienced a significant improvement in credit quality metrics, including lower levels of criticized and classified loans and lower realized loss rates in most loan segments. However, the Company continues to exercise caution with regard to the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses, given the slow economic recovery. At March 31, 2013, classified loans were $1.9 billion compared to $2.3 billion at March 31, 2012.

Net loan and lease charge-offs declined to $18 million in the first quarter of 2013 from $55 million in the same prior year period. In the first quarter of 2013, the annualized ratio of net loan and lease charge-offs to average loans declined to 0.19%, and is approaching pre-recessionary levels. See “Nonperforming Assets” and “Allowance and Reserve for Credit Losses” for further details.

During the first three months of 2013, the Company recorded a $(6.4) million provision for unfunded lending commitments compared to $(3.7) million for the same prior year period. The decreased provision was primarily caused by improvements in credit quality. During the last few years, the credit quality of unfunded loans improved more rapidly than the increase in unfunded loan commitments, allowing the Company to release previously recorded reserves. From period to period, the expense related to the reserve for unfunded lending commitments may be subject to sizeable fluctuations due to changes in the timing and volume of loan commitments, originations, and funding, as well as fluctuations in credit quality.

Although classified and nonperforming loan volumes continue to be elevated when compared to long-term historical levels, most measures of credit quality continued to show improvement during the first quarter of 2013. Barring any significant economic downturn, we expect the Company’s credit costs to remain low for the next several quarters.

Noninterest Income
Noninterest income represents revenues the Company earns for products and services that have no interest rate or yield associated with them. For the first three months of 2013, noninterest income was $121.2 million compared to $111.8 million in the same prior year period.

Other service charges, commissions and fees, which are comprised of ATM fees, insurance commissions, bankcard merchant fees, debit and credit card interchange fees, cash management fees, lending commitment fees, syndication and servicing fees, and other miscellaneous fees increased by $3.7 million in the first quarter of 2013 compared to the same prior year period. Most of the increase can be attributed to higher loan fees due in part to greater loan production activity, as well as higher fees earned from arranging interest rate swaps for customers. Such swaps serve the purpose of protecting customers from higher debt service burdens in a rising interest rate environment. See Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K for information regarding the reclassification of fees.


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Capital markets and foreign exchange includes trading income, public finance fees, foreign exchange income, and other capital market related fees. In the first quarter of 2013, these fees were $7.5 million compared to $5.7 million in the same prior year period. The increase was primarily caused by higher foreign exchange income. In 2012, in anticipation of the adoption of the “Volcker Rule” of the Dodd-Frank Act, the Company discontinued the trading of corporate bonds.

Dividends and other investment income consists of revenue from the Company’s bank-owned life insurance program, dividends from FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank stock, and earnings from other equity investments including Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation and certain alternative venture investments. For the first three months of 2013, this income increased by 34.2% from the same prior year period, mainly due to increased earnings from unconsolidated subsidiaries and bank-owned life insurance.

Loan sales and servicing income increased by $2.6 million during the first quarter of 2013, or 31.1% from the same prior year period. This increase is primarily due to larger gains from loan sales and recognition of retained servicing rights.

During the first three months of 2013, the Company recorded $2.8 million in equity securities gains, compared to $9.1 million in the same prior year period. The decrease is primarily attributable to reduced gains in 2013 related to SBIC investments.
 
Fixed income securities gains were $3.3 million in the first quarter of 2013, compared to $0.7 million in the same prior year period. Gains in 2013 were primarily the result of cash principal payments received on CDOs that had been previously written down.
 
The Company recognized net impairment losses on CDO investment securities of $10.1 million and $10.2 million during the first quarters of 2013 and 2012, respectively. See “Investment Securities Portfolio” for additional information.

Other noninterest income was $6.2 and $4.0 million for the first three months of 2013 and 2012, respectively. Most of the income recognized in the first quarter of 2013 is related to one-time recoveries on FDIC loans.

Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense increased by 1.3% to $397.3 million in the first quarter of 2013 compared to the same prior year period. The increase was primarily caused by higher write-downs of the FDIC indemnification asset, which is included in other noninterest expense. The impact of this increase was partially mitigated by the fact that the Company continued to make significant progress in resolving problem loans and improving the credit quality of its loan portfolio. This resulted in significantly lower other real estate and credit-related expenses, and contributed to lower FDIC premiums.

Salaries and employee benefits for the first three months of 2013 increased by 2.3% from the same period in 2012. Most of the increase can be attributed to accrued bonuses, which will be paid to employees if certain targets are met.

Other real estate expense in the first quarter of 2013 was 74.7% lower than in the comparable prior year period. The decrease is primarily due to a 43.3% reduction in OREO balances between these two periods, lower write-downs of OREO values during work-out, as well as larger net gains from OREO property sales.

Credit-related expense includes costs incurred during the foreclosure process prior to the Company obtaining title to collateral and recording an asset in OREO, as well as other out-of-pocket costs related to the management of problem loans and other assets. During the first quarters of 2013 and 2012, credit-related expense was $10.5 million and $13.5 million, respectively. The decrease is primarily attributable to lower legal, property tax, and collection costs due to lower levels of problem credits compared to the prior year period.

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FDIC premiums for the first quarter of 2013 decreased by 11.1% when compared to the same prior year period. This decrease resulted from the improved risk factors employed in the calculation of this assessment.

Other noninterest expense for the first quarters of 2013 and 2012 was $78.1 million and $63.3 million, respectively. The increase is primarily the result of larger write-downs of the FDIC indemnification asset related to loans purchased from the FDIC in 2009. These write-downs were caused primarily by early loan pay-offs on some of these loans.

We expect noninterest expense to generally remain stable in the foreseeable future, with further reduction in credit-related costs, offset by increased salary and software costs.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company had 10,300 full-time equivalent employees, compared to 10,514 at March 31, 2012.

Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense for the first quarter of 2013 was $60.6 million compared to $51.9 million for the same period in 2012. The effective income tax rates, including the effects of noncontrolling interests, were 35.4% for the first three months of 2013 and 36.6% for the first three months of 2012. The tax expense rate for the first quarter of 2013 was benefited primarily by the nontaxability of certain income items. The tax expense rate for the first quarter of 2012 was increased primarily by the nondeductibility of a portion of the accelerated discount amortization from the conversion of subordinated debt to preferred stock during the quarter.

The Company had a net deferred tax asset (“DTA”) balance of $381 million at March 31, 2013, compared to $406 million at December 31, 2012. The decrease in the DTA resulted primarily from loan charge-offs in excess of loan loss provisions, fair value adjustments related to securities, and the payout of accrued compensation. The decrease in the deferred tax liability related to premises and equipment and FDIC-supported transactions that offset some of the overall decrease in DTA. The Company did not record an additional valuation allowance as of March 31, 2013. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, both the positive and negative evidence about the realization of DTAs were evaluated. The ultimate realization of DTAs is based on the Company’s ability to carry back net operating losses to prior tax periods, execute tax planning strategies that are prudent and feasible, and rely on current forecasts of future taxable income, including the reversal of deferred tax liabilities (“DTLs”), which can absorb losses generated in or carried forward to a particular tax year. After evaluating all of the factors and considering the weight of the positive evidence compared to the negative evidence, management has concluded it is more likely than not that the Company will realize the existing DTAs and that an additional valuation allowance is not needed. In addition, the Company has pursued strategies that may have the effect of mitigating the future possibility of a DTA valuation allowance.

BALANCE SHEET ANALYSIS
Interest-Earning Assets
Interest-earning assets are those assets that have interest rates or yields associated with them. One of our goals is to maintain a high level of interest-earning assets relative to total assets, while keeping nonearning assets at a minimum. Interest-earning assets consist of money market investments, securities, loans, and leases. Another goal is to maintain a higher-yielding mix of interest-earning assets, such as loans, relative to lower-yielding assets, such as money market investments and securities, while maintaining adequate levels of highly liquid assets. The current period of slow economic growth accompanied by the moderate loan demand experienced in recent quarters has made it difficult to consistently achieve these goals.


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Average interest-earning assets were $49.7 billion for the first three months of 2013 compared to $48.3 billion for the same prior year period. Average interest-earning assets as a percentage of total average assets for the first three months of 2013 was 92.3%, compared to 91.8% for the same prior year period.

Average total loans were $37.6 billion and $36.9 billion for the first three months of 2013 and 2012, respectively. The ratio of average loans as a percentage of total average assets for the first three months of 2013 was 69.8% compared to 70.1% in the corresponding prior year period.

Average money market investments, consisting of interest-bearing deposits, federal funds sold and security resell agreements, increased by 11.4% to $8.1 billion for the first three months of 2013 compared to $7.3 billion in the same period of 2012. Average securities decreased by 3.0% from the first quarter of 2012. Increased deposits combined with moderate loan growth resulted in higher balances of excess cash available for money market investments. Average total deposits increased by 4.8% while average total loans increased by 1.9% for the first three months of 2013 when compared to the same prior year period.
 
Investment Securities Portfolio
We invest in securities to generate revenues for the Company; portions of the portfolio are also available as a source of liquidity. The following schedules present a profile of the Company’s investment securities portfolio. The amortized cost amounts represent the Company’s original cost of the investments, adjusted for related accumulated amortization or accretion of any yield adjustments, and for credit impairment losses. The estimated fair value measurement levels and methodology are discussed in detail in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

We have included selected credit rating information for certain of the investment securities schedules because this information is one indication of the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed, and significant declines in ratings for our investment portfolio could indicate an increased level of risk for the Company. The Dodd-Frank Act required that after July 21, 2011, federal agencies could no longer mandate the use of rating agency ratings. Final regulations and effective dates for this provision were issued in June 2012. Pursuant to these rules, during 2012, the Company began relying on its internal credit quality methodology to determine credit quality grading for regulatory reporting purposes for investment securities held by the subsidiary banks, which had the effect of improving the credit quality grades on some of the securities. The credit quality grading of securities is performed in accordance with SR 12-15, Investing in Securities without Reliance on Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization Ratings, and other related regulatory guidance. The Company considers factors including, but not limited to, the extent of over-collateralization and securities’ performance under stress scenarios. Though they are based upon common factors, the credit quality grades do not directly impact either fair value or OTTI.


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ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



INVESTMENT SECURITIES PORTFOLIO
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(In millions)
 
 
Amortized
cost
 
Carrying
value
 
Estimated
fair
value
 
Amortized
cost
 
Carrying
value
 
Estimated
fair
value
Held-to-maturity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Municipal securities
 
$
517

 
$
517

 
$
530

 
$
525

 
$
525

 
$
537

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance
255

 
200

 
143

 
255

 
213

 
126

Other
 
22

 
19

 
12

 
22

 
19

 
12

 
 
794

 
736

 
685

 
802

 
757

 
675

Available-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Treasury securities
54

 
55

 
55

 
104

 
105

 
105

U.S. Government agencies and corporations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Agency securities
 
274

 
277

 
277

 
109

 
113

 
113

Agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities
373

 
390

 
390

 
407

 
425

 
425

Small Business Administration loan-backed securities
 
1,086

 
1,115

 
1,115

 
1,124

 
1,153

 
1,153

Municipal securities
 
70

 
71

 
71

 
75

 
76

 
76

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trust preferred securities – banks and insurance
1,571

 
1,003

 
1,003

 
1,596

 
949

 
949

Trust preferred securities – real estate
investment trusts
41

 
17

 
17

 
41

 
16

 
16

Auction rate securities
 
7

 
7

 
7

 
7

 
7

 
7

Other
 
23

 
19

 
19

 
26

 
19

 
19

 
 
3,499

 
2,954

 
2,954

 
3,489

 
2,863

 
2,863

Mutual funds and other
 
336

 
334

 
334

 
228

 
228

 
228

 
 
3,835

 
3,288

 
3,288

 
3,717

 
3,091

 
3,091

Total
 
$
4,629

 
$
4,024

 
$
3,973

 
$
4,519

 
$
3,848

 
$
3,766


The amortized cost of investment securities on March 31, 2013 increased by 2.4% from the balances at December 31, 2012. The increase from December 31, 2012, was primarily due to the purchase of Export-Import Bank securities in the first quarter of 2013 that are categorized as agency securities.

As of March 31, 2013, 11.6% of the $3.3 billion fair value of the available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities portfolio was valued at Level 1, 56.2% was valued at Level 2, and 32.2% was valued at Level 3 under the GAAP fair value accounting valuation hierarchy. At December 31, 2012, 10.4% of the $3.1 billion fair value of the AFS securities portfolio was valued at Level 1, 57.1% was valued at Level 2, and 32.5% was valued at Level 3. See Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of fair value accounting.

The amortized cost of AFS investment securities valued at Level 3 was $1,656 million at March 31, 2013 and the fair value of these securities was $1,059 million. The securities valued at Level 3 were comprised of ABS CDOs, primarily bank and insurance company trust preferred CDOs and REITs, and municipal securities. For these Level 3 securities, net pretax unrealized loss recognized in OCI at March 31, 2013 was $597 million. As of March 31, 2013, we believe that we will receive on settlement or maturity at least the amortized cost amounts of the Level 3 AFS securities. This expectation applies to both those securities for which OTTI has been recognized and those for which no OTTI has been recognized.

The following schedule presents the Company’s CDOs according to performing tranches without credit impairment, and nonperforming tranches. These CDOs are the majority of our asset-backed securities and consist of both HTM and AFS securities.


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CDOs BY PERFORMANCE STATUS
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized losses recognized
 in AOCI 1
 
Weighted average discount rate 2
 
% of carrying value to par
 
 
(Amounts in millions)
 
 
No. of
tranches
 
Par
amount
Amortized
cost
Carrying
value
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
Change
Performing CDOs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Predominantly bank CDOs
27

 
$
774

 
$
694

 
$
560

 
 
$
(134
)
 
 
 
5.9%
 
 
72%
 
66%
 
6%
Insurance-only CDOs
 
22

 
447

 
443

 
331

 
 
(112
)
 
 
 
7.9%
 
 
74%
 
72%
 
2%
Other CDOs
 
6

 
51

 
40

 
37

 
 
(3
)
 
 
 
9.6%
 
 
73%
 
70%
 
3%
Total performing CDOs
 
55

 
1,272

 
1,177

 
928

 
 
(249
)
 
 
 
6.7%
 
 
73%
 
68%
 
5%
Nonperforming CDOs 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit impairment prior to last 12 months
 
19

 
394

 
275

 
126

 
 
(149
)
 
 
 
10.1%
 
 
32%
 
30%
 
2%
Credit impairment during last 12 months
 
39

 
732

 
432

 
179

 
 
(253
)
 
 
 
11.4%
 
 
24%
 
25%
 
(1)%
Total nonperforming CDOs
58

 
1,126

 
707

 
305

 
 
(402
)
 
 
 
11.0%
 
 
27%
 
26%
 
1%
Total CDOs
 
113

 
$
2,398

 
$
1,884

 
$
1,233

 
 
$
(651
)
 
 
 
8.7%
 
 
51%
 
49%
 
2%
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
 
(Amounts in millions)
 
 
No. of
tranches
 
Par
amount
Amortized
cost
Carrying
value
Net unrealized losses recognized in AOCI 1
 
Weighted average discount rate 2
 
% of carrying value to par
 
 
 
 
Performing CDOs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Predominantly bank CDOs
28

 
$
811

 
$
727

 
$
538

 
 
$
(189
)
 
 
 
7.8%
 
 
66%
 
 
 
 
Insurance-only CDOs
 
22

 
454

 
449

 
327

 
 
(122
)
 
 
 
8.6%
 
 
72%
 
 
 
 
Other CDOs
 
6

 
54

 
43

 
38

 
 
(5
)
 
 
 
9.4%
 
 
70%
 
 
 
 
Total performing CDOs
 
56

 
1,319

 
1,219

 
903

 
 
(316
)
 
 
 
8.1%
 
 
68%
 
 
 
 
Nonperforming CDOs 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit impairment prior to last 12 months
 
18

 
369

 
251

 
109

 
 
(142
)
 
 
 
10.7%
 
 
30%
 
 
 
 
Credit impairment during last 12 months
 
39

 
732

 
441

 
181

 
 
(260
)
 
 
 
9.6%
 
 
25%
 
 
 
 
Total nonperforming CDOs
57

 
1,101

 
692

 
290

 
 
(402
)
 
 
 
10.0%
 
 
26%
 
 
 
 
Total CDOs
 
113

 
$
2,420

 
$
1,911

 
$
1,193

 
 
$
(718
)
 
 
 
9.0%
 
 
49%
 
 
 
 
1 Amounts presented are pretax.
2 Margin over related LIBOR index.
3 Defined as either deferring current interest (“PIKing”) or OTTI; the majority are predominantly bank CDOs.

As shown in the following schedule, the Company had nine of its CDO securities, representing 20.4% of the CDO portfolio’s fair value at March 31, 2013, that were upgraded by one or more NRSROs during the first three months of 2013. These upgrades were attributed to improvements in over-collateralization ratios and deleveraging.


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BANK AND INSURANCE TRUST PREFERRED CDOs
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2013
(In millions)
 
No. of securities
 
Par
amount
 
Amortized cost
 
Fair
value
Rating changes 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Upgrade
 
 
9

 
 
$
320

 
 
$
283

 
 
$
229

No change
 
 
93

 
 
1,952

 
 
1,519

 
 
896

Downgrade
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 
 
102

 
 
$
2,272

 
 
$
1,802

 
 
$
1,125

1 By any rating agency (S&P, Fitch, Moody’s)

For the first quarter of 2013, the resulting average annual prepayment rate assumption for pools, which includes both large and small banks, is 14% for each year through 2015, followed by an annual prepayment rate assumption of 3% thereafter. For pools without large banks, we assume a 10% annual prepayment rate for each year through 2015 and 3% thereafter. Increased prepayment rates are generally favorable for the fair value of the most senior tranches and adverse to the fair value of the more junior tranches.

Refer to the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K for assumption changes made during 2012.


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Valuation Sensitivity of Level 3 Bank and Insurance CDOs
The following schedule sets forth the sensitivity of the current internally modeled CDOs’ fair values to changes in the most significant assumptions utilized in the model.

SENSITIVITY OF INTERNAL MODEL
(Amounts in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity
 
Available-for-sale
Fair value at March 31, 2013
 
 
$
143
 
 
 
 
$
978
 
 
 
 
 
 
Incremental
 
Cumulative
 
Incremental
 
Cumulative
Currently Modeled Assumptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected collateral credit losses 1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss percentage from currently defaulted or deferring collateral 2
 
 
5.7
%
 
 
 
 
24.5
%
Projected loss percentage from currently performing collateral
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1-year
 
 
0.3
%
 
 
6.1
%
 
0.4
%
 
 
24.8
%
years 2-5
 
 
1.8
%
 
 
7.8
%
 
1.5
%
 
 
26.4
%
years 6-30
 
 
10.9
%
 
 
18.7
%
 
9.5
%
 
 
35.8
%
Discount rate 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average spread over LIBOR
 
 
772

bp 
 
 
 
846

bp 
 
 
Sensitivity of Modeled Assumptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in fair value due to increase in projected loss percentage from currently performing collateral 4
25%
 
$
(0.8
)
 
 
 
 
$
(7.8
)
 
 
 
 
50%
 
(1.7
)
 
 
 
 
(15.8
)
 
 
 
 
100%
 
(3.5
)
 
 
 
 
(32.1
)
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in fair value due to increase in projected loss percentage from currently performing collateral 4 and the immediate default of all deferring collateral with no recovery
25%
 
$
(8.1
)
 
 
 
 
$
(83.0
)
 
 
 
 
50%
 
(9.0
)
 
 
 
 
(90.0
)
 
 
 
 
100%
 
(10.7
)
 
 
 
 
(104.3
)
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in fair value due to
increase in discount rate
+100 bp
 
$
(12.0
)
 
 
 
 
$
(60.9
)
 
 
 
 
+ 200 bp
 
(22.7
)
 
 
 
 
(115.0
)
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in fair value due to increase in Forward LIBOR Curve
+ 100 bp
 
$
7.5

  
 
 
 
$
34.3

  
 
 
Increase (decrease) in fair value due to:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
increase in prepayment assumption5
+1%
 
$
3.6

  
 
 
 
$
22.5

  
 
 
increase in prepayment assumption6
+2%
 
7.1

  
 
 
 
44.2

  
 
 
1 The Company uses an incurred credit loss model which specifies cumulative losses at the 1-year, 5-year, and 30-year points from the date of valuation. These current and projected losses are reflected in the CDO’s fair value.
2 
Weighted average percentage of collateral that is defaulted due to bank failures, or deferring payment as allowed under the terms of the security, including a 0% recovery rate on defaulted collateral and a credit-specific probability of default on deferring collateral which ranges from 11.94% to 100%.
3The discount rate is a spread over the LIBOR forward curve at the date of valuation.
4 Percentage increase is applied to incremental projected loss percentages from currently performing collateral. For example, the 50% and 100% stress scenarios for AFS securities would result in cumulative 30-year losses of 41.5% = 35.8%+50%(0.4%+1.5%+9.5%) and 47.2% = 35.8%+100%(0.4%+1.5%+9.5%), respectively.
5 Prepayment rate for small banks increased to 11% per year for the first 2.75 years and to 4% per year thereafter through maturity.
6 
Prepayment rate for small banks increased to 12% per year for the first 2.75 years and to 5% per year thereafter through maturity.
 
The discount rates applicable to senior CDO tranches decreased during the first quarter of 2013 consistent with observed improved discount rates for riskier assets. The result was an increase in the fair values of the CDOs.


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Bank Collateral Deferral Experience
The Company’s loss and recovery experience as of March 31, 2013 (and our Level 3 modeling assumption) is essentially a 100% loss on defaults of bank collateral in CDOs, although we have, to date, received several, generally small, recoveries on defaults. Our experience with deferring bank collateral has been that 51% has defaulted, and approximately 26% remains within the allowable deferral period. This 26% is comprised of 183 deferring bank holding companies. Events in late 2012 led the Company to increase its loss assumptions on these remaining deferrals, most of which are more than half way through their allowable deferral period. We expect that future losses on these deferrals may result from actions other than bank failures – primarily bankruptcies and debt restructurings.

In contrast, a significant number of previous deferrals have resumed interest payments; 83 issuing banks, with collateral aggregating to 23% of all deferrals and 48% of all surviving deferrals, have either come current and resumed interest payments on their trust preferred securities or have announced that they intend to do so at the next payment date. Banks may come current on their trust preferred securities for one or more quarters and then re-defer. Re-deferral is occurring in seven of the 83 banks which resumed payment after their initial election to defer. Further information on the Company’s valuation process is detailed in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The following schedules provide additional information on the below-investment-grade rated bank and insurance trust preferred CDOs’ portion of the AFS and HTM portfolios. The schedules reflect data and assumptions that are included in the calculations of fair value and OTTI. The schedules utilize the lowest rating assigned by any rating agency to identify those securities below investment grade. The schedules segment the securities by whether or not they have been determined to have OTTI, and by original ratings level to provide granularity on the seniority level of the securities and the distribution of unrealized losses. The best and worst pool-level statistic for each original ratings subgroup is presented, not the best and worst single security within the original ratings grouping. The number of issuers and the number of currently performing issuers noted in the Pool Level Performance and Projections for Below-investment-grade Rated Bank and Insurance Trust Preferred CDOs schedule are from the same security. The remaining statistics may not be from the same security.










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BANK AND INSURANCE TRUST PREFERRED CDO VALUES CURRENTLY RATED BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE – SORTED BY WHETHER OTTI HAS BEEN TAKEN AND BY ORIGINAL RATINGS
As of March 31, 2013
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
Credit loss
 
Valuation losses 1
(Dollar amounts in millions)
Number
of securities
 
% of
portfolio
 
Par
value
 
Amortized
cost
 
Estimated
fair value
 
Unrealized
loss
 
Current
year
 
Life-to-
date
 
Life-to-
date
Original ratings of securities, no OTTI recognized:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original AAA
23
 
32.9
%
 
$
701

 
$
644

 
$
495

 
$
(149
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(73
)
Original A
15
 
15.7
%
 
336

 
336

 
192

 
(144
)
 

 

 

Original BBB
5
 
2.2
%
 
46

 
46

 
21

 
(25
)
 

 

 

Total Non-OTTI
 
 
50.8
%
 
1,083

 
1,026

 
708

 
(318
)
 

 

 
(73
)
Original ratings of securities, OTTI recognized:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original AAA
1
 
2.3
%
 
50

 
44

 
24

 
(20
)
 

 
(5
)
 
(2
)
Original A
46
 
43.7
%
 
933

 
615

 
266

 
(349
)
 
(9
)
 
(321
)
 

Original BBB
6
 
3.2
%
 
67

 
6

 
3

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
(61
)
 

Total OTTI
 
 
49.2
%
 
1,050

 
665

 
293

 
(372
)
 
(10
)
 
(387
)
 
(2
)
Total noninvestment grade bank and insurance CDOs
 
100.0
%
 
$
2,133

 
$
1,691

 
$
1,001

 
$
(690
)
 
$
(10
)
 
$
(387
)
 
$
(75
)
 
 
Average amount of each security held 2
(In millions)
 
Par
value
 
Amortized
cost
 
Estimated
fair value
 
Unrealized
gain (loss)
Original ratings of securities, no OTTI recognized:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original AAA
 
$
29

 
$
27

 
$
21

 
$
(6
)
Original A
 
15

 
15

 
8

 
(7
)
Original BBB
 
9

 
9

 
4

 
(5
)
Original ratings of securities, OTTI recognized:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original AAA
 
50

 
43

 
24

 
(19
)
Original A
 
17

 
11

 
5

 
(6
)
Original BBB
 
11

 
1

 
1

 

1 
Valuation losses relate to securities purchased from Lockhart Funding LLC prior to its consolidation in June 2009.
2 
The Company may have more than one holding of the same security.


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ZIONS BANCORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



POOL LEVEL PERFORMANCE AND PROJECTIONS FOR BELOW-INVESTMENT-GRADE RATED BANK AND INSURANCE TRUST PREFERRED CDOs
As of March 31, 2013
 
Current
lowest
rating
 
# of issuers
in collateral
pool
 
# of issuers
currently
performing1
 
% of original
collateral
defaulted 2
 
% of original
collateral
deferring 3
 
Subordination as a % of 
performing collateral 4
 
Collateral- ization  %5
 
Present value of expected
cash flows discounted at
effective rate as a % of par6
 
Lifetime
additional
projected loss
from performing
collateral 7
Original Ratings of Securities, Non-OTTI:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original AAA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Best
BB
 
22
 
20
 
2.6
%
 
4.2
%
 
79.9
 %
 
664.7
 %
 
100
%
 

Weighted average
 
 
 
 
 
17.2

 
10.1

 
40.1

 
245.6

 
100

 
10.8
%
Worst
CC
 
31
 
15
 
28.7

 
23.1

 
10.9

 
141.0

 
100

 
14.2

Original A
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Best
B
 
32
 
32
 

 

 
27.0

 
309.3

 
100

 
11.3

Weighted average
 
 
 
 
 
1.5

 
5.0

 
19.9

 
155.1

 
100

 
12.3

Worst
CCC
 
6
 
4
 
4.0

 
9.3

 
9.9

 
129.6

 
100

 
13.7

Original BBB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Best
CCC
 
32
 
32
 

 

 
19.4

 
355.8

 
100

 
11.3

Weighted average
 
 
 
 
 
1.3

 
3.9

 
11.8

 
263.3

 
100

 
12.5

Worst
CC
 
21
 
18
 
4.0

 
9.3

 
3.6

 
156.0

 
100

 
13.7

Original Ratings of Securities, OTTI:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Original AAA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Single
CCC
 
43
 
26
 
19.9

 
18.8
 
24.9
 
197.8
 
100
 
9.7
Original A
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Best
CC
 
35
 
31
 
0.8

 

 
(0.8
)
 
96.9

 
100

 

Weighted average
 
 
 
 
 
12.5

 
11.5

 
(19.9
)
 
57.8

 
70

 
11.9

Worst
C
 
3
 
 
33.3

 
25.1

 
(148.5
)
 
17.8

 
17

 
18.5

Original BBB
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Best
C
 
39
 
33
 
6.3

 
6.5

 
(8.3
)
 
61.0

 
62

 
7.5

Weighted average
 
 
 
 
 
17.3

 
14.7

 
(43.4
)
 
(211.8
)
 
10

 
10.3

Worst
C
 
32
 
13
 
23.7

 
18.8

 
(81.2
)
 
(400.7
)
 

 
13.7

1 
Excludes both defaulted issuers and issuers that have elected to defer payment of current interest.
2 Collateral is identified as defaulted when a regulator closes an issuing bank.
3 Collateral is identified as deferring when the Company becomes aware that an issuer has announced or elected to defer interest payment on trust preferred debt.
4 Utilizes the Company’s loss assumption of 100% on defaulted collateral and the Company’s issuer specific loss assumption of from 2.18% to 100% dependent on credit for each deferring piece of collateral. “Subordination” in the schedule includes the effects of seniority level within the CDOs’ liability structure, the Company’s loss and recovery rate assumption for deferring but not defaulted collateral and a 0% recovery rate for defaulted collateral. The numerator is all collateral less the sum of (i) 100% of the defaulted collateral, (ii) the sum of the projected net loss amounts for each piece of deferring but not defaulted collateral and (iii) the amount of each CDO’s debt which is either senior to or pari passu with our security’s priority level. The denominator is all collateral less the sum of (i) 100% of the defaulted collateral and (ii) the sum of the projected net loss amounts for each piece of deferring but not defaulted collateral.
5 Utilizes the Company’s loss assumption of 100% on defaulted collateral and the Company’s issuer specific loss assumption ranging from 2.18% to 100% dependent on credit for each deferring piece of collateral. “Collateralization” in the schedule identifies the portion of a CDO tranche that is backed by nondefaulted collateral. The numerator is all collateral less the sum of (i) 100% of the defaulted collateral, (ii) the sum of the projected net loss amounts for each piece of deferring but not defaulted collateral and (iii) the amount of each CDO’s debt which is senior to our security’s priority level. The denominator is the par amount of the tranche. Par is defined as the original par less any principal paydowns.
6 For OTTI securities, this statistic approximates the extent of OTTI credit losses taken.
7 This is the same statistic presented in the preceding sensitivity schedule and incorporated in the fair value and OTTI calculations. The statistic is the sum of incremental projected loss percentages from currently paying collateral for year one, years two through five and years six through thirty.

Certain original A-rated securities described in the previous schedule currently have negative subordination and are therefore under-collateralized, and yet are not identified as having OTTI. This is because our cash flow projections

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for these securities show negative subordination being cured prior to the securities’ maturities. The collateral that backs a tranche can increase if the more senior liabilities of the CDO decrease. This occurs when collateral deterioration due to defaults and deferral triggers alternative waterfall provisions for the cash flow. A structural credit protection feature reroutes cash (interest collections) from the more junior classes of debt and income notes to pay down the principal of the most senior liabilities. As the most senior liabilities are paid down while the collateral remains unchanged (and if there are no additional unexpected defaults), the next level of tranches becomes better secured. The rerouting continues to divert cash away from the most junior classes of debt or income notes and gives better security to our tranche. Our cash flow projections predict full payment of amortized cost and interest.

Other-Than-Temporary Impairment – Investments in Debt Securities
We review investments in debt securities each quarter for the presence of OTTI. For securities where an internal income-based cash flow model or third party valuation service produces a loss-adjusted expected cash flow for the security, the presence of OTTI is identified and the amount of the credit component of OTTI is calculated by discounting this loss-adjusted cash flow at the security specific effective interest rate and comparing that value to the Company’s amortized cost of the security.

We review the relevant facts and circumstances each quarter in order to assess our intentions regarding any potential sales of securities, as well as the likelihood that we would be required to sell prior to recovery of amortized cost. To date, for each security whose fair value is below amortized cost, we have determined that we do not intend to sell the security, and that it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. We then evaluate the difference between the fair value and the amortized cost of each security and identify if any of the difference is due to credit. The credit component of the difference is recognized by writing down the amortized cost of each security found to have OTTI.

For some CDO tranches, for which we have previously recorded OTTI, expected future cash flows have remained stable or have slightly improved subsequent to the quarter that OTTI was identified and recorded. For other CDO tranches, an adverse change in the expected future cash flow has resulted in the recording of additional OTTI. In both situations, while a large difference may remain between fair value and amortized cost, the difference is not due to credit. The expected future cash flow substantiates the return of the full amortized cost. We utilize a present value technique to both identify the OTTI present in the CDO tranches and to estimate fair value. The primary drivers of unrealized losses in these CDOs are further discussed in Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

During the first quarter of 2013, the Company recognized credit-related net impairment losses on CDOs of $10.1 million, compared to losses of $10.2 million in the same prior year period. Approximately $6.2 million of the OTTI for the first quarter of 2013 was primarily due to an event of default on a CDO security. The remaining OTTI was attributable to various factors including credit deterioration of certain banks.

Exposure to State and Local Governments
The Company provides multiple products and services to state and local governments (referred together as “municipalities”), including deposit services, loans and investment banking services, and the Company invests in securities issued by the municipalities.
 

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The following schedule summarizes the Company’s exposure to state and local municipalities:

MUNICIPALITIES
(In millions)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and leases
 
$
484

 
 
 
$
494

 
Held-to-maturity – municipal securities
 
517

 
 
 
525

 
Available-for-sale – municipal securities
 
71

 
 
 
75

 
Available-for-sale – auction rate securities
 
7

 
 
 
7

 
Trading account – municipal securities
 
20

 
 
 
21

 
Unused commitments to extend credit
 
33

 
 
 
33

 
Total direct exposure to municipalities
 
$
1,132

 
 
 
$
1,155

 

Company policy requires that extensions of credit to municipalities be subjected to specific underwriting standards. At March 31, 2013, one municipality had $9 million of loans that were on nonaccrual. A significant amount of the municipal loan and lease portfolio is secured by real estate and equipment, and approximately 93% of the outstanding credits were originated by Zions Bank, Vectra, CB&T, and Amegy. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the credit quality of these municipal loans.

All municipal securities are reviewed quarterly for OTTI; see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. HTM securities consist of unrated bonds issued by small local governmental entities and are purchased through private placements, often in situations in which one of the Company’s subsidiaries has acted as a financial advisor to the municipality. Prior to purchase, the issuers of municipal securities are evaluated by the Company for their creditworthiness, and some of the securities are guaranteed by third parties. Of the AFS municipal securities, 92% are rated by major credit rating agencies and were rated investment grade as of March 31, 2013. Municipal securities in the trading account are held for resale to customers. The Company also underwrites municipal bonds and sells most of them to third party investors.
 
European Exposure
The Company is monitoring global economic conditions and is aware of concerns over the creditworthiness of the governments of Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. The Company has not granted loans to and does not own securities issued by these governments, and does not have any material exposure to companies or individuals in those countries.

In the normal course of business, the Company may enter into transactions with subsidiaries of companies and financial institutions headquartered in Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, or Spain. Such transactions may include deposits, loans, letters of credit, and derivatives, as well as foreign currency exchange agreements. As of March 31, 2013, these transactions did not present any material direct or indirect risk exposure to the Company. Among the derivative transactions, the Company has a TRS agreement with Deutsche Bank AG (“DB”) with regard to certain bank and insurance trust preferred CDOs. See Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the TRS. If DB were unable to perform under the TRS, the agreement would terminate at little or no cost to Zions. A cancelation would have an immaterial impact on the balance sheet, and the Company would save approximately $5.4 million in fees quarterly. However, if the TRS were canceled, the Company would lose the potential future risk mitigation benefits of the TRS, and regulatory risk weighted assets under the Basel I framework would increase by approximately $3 billion, which would reduce regulatory risk-based capital ratios by approximately 6%, e.g., a risk based ratio of 10.0% would decline to approximately 9.4%.


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Loan Portfolio
As displayed in the following schedule, commercial and industrial loans were the largest category and constituted 30.5% of the Company’s loan portfolio at March 31, 2013. Construction and land development loans were 5.4% and 5.1% of total loans at March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Construction and land development loans have declined significantly from a pre-recession level of 20.1% of total loans at the end of 2007.

LOAN PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(Amounts in millions)
Amount
 
% of
total loans
 
Amount
 
% of
total loans
Commercial:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial and industrial
$
11,504

 
30.5
%
 
$
11,257

 
29.9
%
Leasing
390

 
1.0
%
 
423

 
1.1
%
Owner occupied
7,501

 
19.9
%
 
7,589

 
20.1
%
Municipal
484

 
1.3
%
 
494

 
1.3
%
Total commercial
19,879

 
 
 
19,763

 
 
Commercial real estate:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Construction and land development
2,039

 
5.4
%
 
1,939

 
5.1
%
Term
8,012

 
21.2
%
 
8,063

 
21.4
%
Total commercial real estate
10,051

 
 
 
10,002

 
 
Consumer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity credit line
2,125

 
5.6
%
 
2,178

 
5.8
%
1-4 family residential
4,408

 
11.7
%
 
4,350

 
11.6
%
Construction and other consumer real estate
320

 
0.8
%
 
321

 
0.9
%
Bankcard and other revolving plans
293

 
0.8
%
 
307

 
0.8
%
Other
208

 
0.5
%
 
216

 
0.6
%
Total consumer
7,354

 
 
 
7,372

 
 
FDIC-supported loans 1
478

 
1.3
%
 
528

 
1.4
%
Total net loans
$
37,762

 
100.0
%
 
$
37,665

 
100.0
%
1 FDIC-supported loans represent loans acquired from the FDIC subject to loss sharing agreements.

Most of the loan portfolio growth during the first three months of 2013 occurred in commercial and industrial, construction and land development, and 1-4 family residential loans. The impact of these increases was partially offset by declines in owner occupied, home equity credit lines, and term loans. The loan portfolio increased primarily at Amegy and CB&T, while balances declined primarily at Zions Bank and NBAZ.

Commercial and industrial, construction and land development, and 1-4 family residential consumer loans improved due to increased customer demand. Owner occupied loans declined mainly due to active management of the National Real Estate loan portfolio at Zions Bank. We expect construction and land development and commercial and industrial loans to grow at a moderate rate for the next several quarters. The balance of FDIC-supported loans will continue to decline primarily due to paydowns and payoffs.

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Other Noninterest-Bearing Investments
The following schedule sets forth the Company’s other noninterest-bearing investments:

(In millions)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Bank-owned life insurance
 
$
458

 
 
 
$
456

 
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
 
106

 
 
 
109

 
Federal Reserve stock
 
123

 
 
 
123

 
SBIC investments
 
51

 
 
 
46

 
Non-SBIC investment funds and other
 
103

 
 
 
107

 
Trust preferred securities
 
14

 
 
 
14

 
 
 
$
855

 
 
 
$
855

 

Deposits
Deposits, both interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing, are a primary source of funding for the Company. Average total deposits for the first three months of 2013 increased by 4.8%, compared to the same prior year period, with average interest-bearing deposits increasing by 1.9% and average noninterest-bearing deposits increasing 9.7%. The increase in noninterest-bearing deposits was largely driven by increased deposits from business customers. The average interest rate paid for interest bearing deposits was 12 bps lower during the first three months of 2013 than in the comparable prior year period.

Core deposits at March 31, 2013, which exclude time deposits larger than $100,000 and brokered deposits, decreased by 3.6%, or $1,611 million, from December 31, 2012. The decrease from December 31, 2012 was mainly due to decreases in noninterest-bearing demand deposits and foreign deposits. Demand and savings and money market deposits comprised 90.1% of total deposits at March 31, 2013 compared to 89.7% at December 31, 2012.

During the first quarter of 2013 and throughout 2012, the Company maintained a low level of brokered deposits with the primary purpose of keeping that funding source available in case of future needs. At March 31, 2013, total deposits included $33 million of brokered deposits compared to $37 million at December 31, 2012.

See “Liquidity Risk Management” for additional information on funding and borrowed funds.

RISK ELEMENTS
Since risk is inherent in substantially all of the Company’s operations, management of risk is an integral part of its operations and is also a key determinant of its overall performance. We apply various strategies to reduce the risks to which the Company’s operations are exposed, including credit, interest rate and market, liquidity and operational risks.

Credit Risk Management
Credit risk is the possibility of loss from the failure of a borrower, guarantor, or another obligor to fully perform under the terms of a credit-related contract. Credit risk arises primarily from the Company’s lending activities, as well as from off-balance sheet credit instruments, which include unfunded lending commitments.

Centralized oversight of credit risk is provided through credit policies, credit administration, and credit examination functions at the Parent. We have structured the organization to separate the lending function from the credit administration function, which has added strength to the control over, and the independent evaluation of, credit activities. Formal loan policies and procedures provide the Company with a framework for consistent underwriting and a basis for sound credit decisions. In addition, the Company has a well-defined set of standards for evaluating its loan portfolio and management utilizes a comprehensive loan grading system to determine the risk potential in

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the portfolio. Furthermore, an independent internal credit examination department periodically conducts examinations of the Company’s lending departments. These examinations are designed to review credit quality, adequacy of documentation, appropriate loan grading administration and compliance with lending policies, and reports thereon are submitted to management and to the Risk Oversight Committee of the Board of Directors. New, expanded, or modified products and services, as well as new lines of business, are approved by the corporate New Product Review Committee.
Both the credit policy and the credit examination functions are managed centrally. Each affiliate bank is able to be more conservative in its operations under the corporate credit policy; however, formal corporate approval must be obtained if a bank wishes to invoke a more liberal policy. Historically, there have been only a limited number of such approvals. This entire process has been designed to place an emphasis on strong underwriting standards and early detection of potential problem credits so that action plans can be developed and implemented on a timely basis to mitigate any potential losses.
Credit risk associated with counterparties to off-balance sheet credit instruments is generally limited to the hedging of interest rate risk through the use of swaps and futures. Our subsidiary banks that engage in this activity have ISDA agreements in place under which derivative transactions are entered into with major derivative dealers. Each ISDA agreement details the collateral arrangements between our subsidiaries and their counterparties. In every case, the amount of the collateral required to secure the exposed party in the derivative transaction is determined by the fair value of the derivative and the credit rating of the party with the obligation. Some of the counterparties are domiciled in Europe; however, the Company’s maximum exposure that is not cash collateralized to any single counterparty was not material as of March 31, 2013.
The Company’s credit risk management strategy includes diversification of its loan portfolio. The Company attempts to avoid the risk of an undue concentration of credits in a particular collateral type or with an individual customer or counterparty. The Company has adopted and adheres to concentration limits on various types of CRE lending, particularly construction and land development lending, leveraged lending, municipal lending, and lending to the energy sector. All of these limits are continually monitored and revised as necessary. These concentration limits, particularly with regard to various categories of CRE and real estate development are materially lower than they were in 2007 and 2008, just prior to the emergence of the recent economic downturn. The majority of the Company’s business activity is with customers located within the geographical footprint of its banking subsidiaries.

The credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio improved during 2012 and continued to do so during the first quarter of 2013. Nonperforming lending-related assets decreased by 8.3% and 33.6% from December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, respectively. Gross charge-offs for the first quarter of 2013 declined to $35 million from $80 million in the first quarter of 2012. Net charge-offs decreased to $18 million during the first quarter of 2013 from $55 million in the same prior year period.

A more comprehensive discussion of our credit risk management is contained in the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
FDIC-Supported Loans
The Company’s loan portfolio includes loans that were acquired from failed banks in 2009: Alliance Bank, Great Basin Bank, and Vineyard Bank. These loans include nonperforming loans and other loans with characteristics indicative of a high credit risk profile. Substantially all of these loans are covered under loss sharing agreements with the FDIC for which the FDIC generally will assume 80% of the first $275 million of credit losses for the Alliance Bank assets, $40 million of credit losses for the Great Basin Bank assets, $465 million of credit losses for the Vineyard Bank assets and 95% of the credit losses in excess of those amounts. The Company does not expect total losses to exceed this higher threshold because acquired loans have performed better than originally expected. FDIC-supported loans represented 1.3% of Company’s total loan portfolio at March 31, 2013 compared to 1.4% at December 31, 2012. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the expiration of the loss sharing agreements and valuation of these purchased loans.

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NET LOSSES COVERED BY FDIC LOSS SHARING AGREEMENT
 
Inception through
March 31, 2013
(In millions)
Total actual net losses
 
Threshold
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Alliance Bank
 
$
170

 
 
 
$
275

 
Vineyard Bank
 
204

 
 
 
465

 
Great Basin Bank
 
11

 
 
 
40

 
 
 
$
385

 
 
 
$
780

 
Government Agency Guaranteed Loans
The Company participates in various guaranteed lending programs sponsored by U.S. government agencies, such as the Small Business Administration, Federal Housing Authority, Veterans’ Administration, Export-Import Bank of the U.S., and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. As of March 31, 2013, the principal balance of these loans was $573 million, and the guaranteed portion was approximately $427 million. Most of these loans were guaranteed by the Small Business Administration.
The following schedule presents the composition of government agency guaranteed loans, excluding FDIC-supported loans:
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
(Amounts in millions)
March 31,
2013
 
Percent
guaranteed
 
December 31,
2012
 
Percent
guaranteed
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
 
$
550

 
 
 
74%
 
 
 
$
567

 
 
 
74%
 
Commercial real estate
 
19

 
 
 
76%
 
 
 
20

 
 
 
76%
 
Consumer
 
4

 
 
 
100%
 
 
 
3

 
 
 
100%
 
Total loans excluding FDIC-supported loans
$
573

 
 
 
75%
 
 
 
$
590

 
 
 
75%
 
Commercial Lending
The following schedule provides selected information regarding lending concentrations to certain industries in our commercial lending portfolio.
COMMERCIAL LENDING BY INDUSTRY GROUP
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
(Amounts in millions)
Amount
 
Percent
 
Amount
 
Percent
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate, rental and leasing
$
2,812

 
14.1
%
 
$
2,782

 
14.1
%
Manufacturing
2,111

 
10.6
%
 
1,999

 
10.1
%
Mining, quarrying and oil and gas extraction
2,060

 
10.4
%
 
1,992

 
10.1
%
Retail trade
1,666

 
8.4
%
 
1,661

 
8.4
%
Wholesale trade
1,517

 
7.6
%
 
1,521

 
7.7
%
Healthcare and social assistance
1,216

 
6.1
%
 
1,205

 
6.1
%
Transportation and warehousing
1,047

 
5.3
%
 
1,001

 
5.1
%
Finance and insurance
1,018

 
5.1
%
 
1,093

 
5.5
%
Professional, scientific and technical services
969

 
4.9
%
 
968

 
4.9
%
Construction
964

 
4.8
%
 
1,016

 
5.1
%
Accommodation and food services
770

 
3.9
%
 
786

 
4.0
%
Other 1
3,729

 
18.8
%
 
3,739

 
18.9
%
Total
$
19,879

 
100.0
%
 
$
19,763

 
100.0
%
1 No other industry group exceeds 5%.


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Commercial Real Estate Loans
Selected information indicative of credit quality regarding our CRE loan portfolio is presented in the following schedule.

COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE PORTFOLIO BY LOAN TYPE AND COLLATERAL LOCATION
(Amounts in millions)
 
 
Collateral Location
 
 
 
 
Loan Type
As of
Date
 
Arizona
 
Northern
California
 
Southern
California
 
Nevada
 
Colorado
 
Texas
 
Utah/
Idaho
 
Washing-ton
 
Other 1
 
Total
 
% of 
total
CRE
Commercial term
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance outstanding
3/31/2013
 
$
1,186

 
$
606

 
$
2,174

 
$
582

 
$
503

 
$
939

 
$
976

 
$
209

 
$
837

 
$
8,012

 
79.7
%
% of loan type
 
 
14.8
%
 
7.6
%
 
27.1
%
 
7.3
%
 
6.3
%
 
11.7
%
 
12.2
%
 
2.6
%
 
10.4
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
Delinquency rates 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30-89 days
3/31/2013
 
0.3
%
 
0.7
%
 
0.2
%
 
2.0
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.4
%
 
0.1
%
 

 
1.0
%
 
0.5
%
 
 
 
12/31/2012
 
0.2
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.2
%
 

 
0.1
%
 
0.2
%
 
1.3
%
 
1.6
%
 
0.3
%
 
 
≥ 90 days
3/31/2013
 
0.3
%
 
1.0
%
 
0.5
%
 
0.2
%
 
0.3
%
 
0.6
%
 

 
1.2
%
 
2.2
%
 
0.6
%
 
 
 
12/31/2012
 
0.3
%
 
1.3
%
 
0.5
%
 
0.8
%
 
0.7
%
 
0.5
%
 
0.1
%
 

 
2.1
%
 
0.7
%
 
 
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
3/31/2013
 
$

 
$

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$
2

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
4

 
 
 
12/31/2012
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
Nonaccrual loans
3/31/2013
 
9

 
7

 
18

 
5

 
4

 
7

 
5

 
3

 
44

 
102

 
 
 
12/31/2012
 
10

 
9

 
19

 
14

 
11

 
8

 
4

 
3

 
47

 
125

 
 
Residential construction and land development
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance outstanding
3/31/2013
 
$
90

 
$
50

 
$
155

 
$
1

 
$
42

 
$
220

 
$
107

 
$
4

 
$
35

 
$
704

 
7.0
%
% of loan type
 
 
12.8
%
 
7.1
%
 
22.0
%
 
0.1
%
 
6.0
%
 
31.3
%
 
15.2
%
 
0.5
%
 
5.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
Delinquency rates 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30-89 days
3/31/2013
 
1.7
%
 

 
0.8
%
 
10.9
%
 

 
5.5
%
 
0.2
%
 

 

 
2.2
%
 
 
 
12/31/2012
 
0.6
%
 
1.0
%
 
0.4
%
 
10.7
%
 
4.9
%
 
7.9
%
 
0.2
%
 

 

 
3.1
%
 
 
≥ 90 days
3/31/2013
 
0.6
%
 

 
0.2
%
 

 
0.8
%
 
5.7
%
 

 

 

 
2.0
%
 
 
 
12/31/2012
 
0.7
%
 

 
0.2
%
 

 
0.5
%
 
6.7
%
 

 

 

 
2.4
%
 
 
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
3/31/2013
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
1

 
 
 
12/31/2012
 

 

 

 

 

 
1

 

 

 

 
1

 
 
Nonaccrual loans
3/31/2013
 
5

 

 

 

 

 
23

 
1

 

 

 
29

 
 
 
12/31/2012
 
6

 

 

 

 

 
29

 
4

 

 

 
39

 
 
Commercial construction and land development
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance outstanding
3/31/2013
 
$
98

 
$
51

 
$
226

 
$
85

 
$
98

 
$
438

 
$
283

 
$
18

 
$
38

 
$
1,335

 
13.3
%
% of loan type
 
 
7.3
%
 
3.8
%
 
16.9
%
 
6.4
%
 
7.3
%
 
32.8
%
 
21.2
%
 
1.4
%
 
2.9
%
 
100.0
%
 
 
Delinquency rates 2:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30-89 days
3/31/2013
 

 

 

 

 

 
0.8
%
 

 

 

 
0.3
%
 
 
 
12/31/2012
 
2.4
%
 

 

 
27.9
%
 
0.4
%
 
2.0
%
 
2.3
%
 

 
7.3
%
 
3.1
%
 
 
≥ 90 days
3/31/2013
 

 
2.4
%
 
0.1
%
 

 
0.1
%
 
4.6
%
 

 

 

 
1.6
%
 
 
 
12/31/2012
 

 
2.6
%
 
0.1
%
 
0.2
%
 

 
4.0
%
 

 

 

 
1.6
%
 
 
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more
3/31/2013
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
 
12/31/2012
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
 
Nonaccrual loans
3/31/2013
 

 
1

 

 
19

 

 
27

 
14

 
3

 

 
64

 
 
 
12/31/2012
 

 
1

 

 
22

 

 
29

 
14

 
3

 

 
69

 
 
Total construction and land development
3/31/2013
 
$
188

 
$
101

 
$
381

 
$
86

 
$
140

 
$
658

 
$
390

 
$
22

 
$
73

 
$
2,039

 
 
Total commercial real estate
3/31/2013
 
$
1,374

 
$
707

 
$
2,555

 
$
668

 
$
643

 
$
1,597

 
$
1,366

 
$
231

 
$
910

 
$
10,051

 
100.0
%
1No other geography exceeds $103 million for all three loan types.
2Delinquency rates include nonaccrual loans.

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Approximately 16% of the CRE term loans consist of mini-perm loans as of March 31, 2013. For such loans, construction has been completed and the project has stabilized to a level that supports the granting of a mini-perm loan in accordance with our underwriting standards. Mini-perm loans generally have initial maturities of three to five years. The remaining 84% of CRE loans are term loans with initial maturities generally of 15 to 20 years. The stabilization criteria for a project to qualify for a term loan differ by product type and include, for example, criteria related to the cash flow generated by the project, loan-to-value ratio, and occupancy rates.

Approximately 26% of the commercial construction and land development portfolio at March 31, 2012 consists of acquisition and development loans. Most of these acquisition and development loans are secured by specific retail, apartment, office, or other projects. Underwriting on commercial properties is primarily based on the economic viability of the project with heavy consideration given to the creditworthiness of the sponsor. We generally require that the owner’s equity be injected prior to bank advances. Remargining requirements are often included in the loan agreement along with guarantees of the sponsor. Recognizing that debt is paid via cash flow, the projected economics of the project are primary in the underwriting, because these determine the ultimate value of the property and its ability to service debt. Therefore, in most projects (with the exception of multifamily projects) we look for substantial preleasing in our underwriting and we generally require a minimum projected stabilized debt service coverage ratio of 1.20.

Although lending for residential construction and development involves a different product type, many of the requirements previously mentioned, such as creditworthiness of the developer, up-front injection of the developer’s equity, remargining requirements, and the viability of the project are also important in underwriting a residential development loan. Heavy consideration is given to market acceptance of the product, location, strength of the developer, and the ability of the developer to stay within budget. Progress inspections by qualified independent inspectors are routinely performed before disbursements are made.

Real estate appraisals are ordered and validated independently of the credit officer and the borrower, generally by each bank’s appraisal review function, which is staffed by certified appraisers. In some cases, reports from automated valuation services are used. Appraisals are ordered from outside appraisers at the inception, renewal or, for CRE loans, upon the occurrence of any event causing a downgrade to a “criticized” or “classified” designation. The frequency for obtaining updated appraisals for these adversely graded credits is increased when declining market conditions exist. Advance rates, on an “as completed basis,” will vary based on the viability of the project and the creditworthiness of the sponsor, but the Company’s guidelines generally limit advances to 50% for raw land, 65% for land development, 65% for finished commercial lots, 75% for finished residential lots, 80% for pre-sold homes, 75% for models and spec homes, and 75% for commercial properties. Exceptions may be granted on a case-by-case basis.

Loan agreements require regular financial information on the project and the sponsor in addition to lease schedules, rent rolls and, on construction projects, independent progress inspection reports. The receipt of this financial information is monitored and calculations are made to determine adherence to the covenants set forth in the loan agreement. Additionally, loan-by-loan reviews of pass grade loans for all commercial and residential construction and land development loans are performed semiannually at Amegy, CB&T, NBAZ, NSB, Vectra and Zions Bank. TCBO and TCBW perform such reviews annually.

Interest reserves are generally established as a loan disbursement budget item for real estate construction or development loans. We generally require borrowers to put their equity into the project prior to loan disbursements on these loans. This enables the bank to ensure the availability of equity to complete the project. The Company’s practice is to monitor the construction, sales and/or leasing progress to determine whether or not the project remains viable. If, at any time during the life of the credit, the project is determined not to be viable (including the adequacy of the remaining interest reserves), the bank takes appropriate action to protect its collateral position via negotiation and/or legal action as deemed necessary. At March 31, 2013 and 2012 and Zions’ affiliates had 456 and 351 loans with an outstanding balance of $554 million and $495 million where available interest reserves amounted to $84

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million and $42 million, respectively. In instances where projects have been determined not to be viable, the interest reserves and other disbursements have been frozen, as appropriate.

We have not been involved to any meaningful extent with insurance arrangements, credit derivatives, or any other default agreements as a mitigation strategy for CRE loans. However, we do make use of personal or other guarantees as risk mitigation strategies.

CRE loans are sometimes modified to increase the likelihood of collecting the maximum possible amount of the Company’s investment in the loan. In general, the existence of a guarantee that improves the likelihood of repayment is taken into consideration when analyzing a loan for impairment. If the support of the guarantor is quantifiable and documented, it is included in the potential cash flows and liquidity available for debt repayment and our impairment methodology takes into consideration this repayment source.

Additionally, when we modify or extend a loan, we give consideration to whether the borrower is in financial difficulty, and whether a concession has been granted. In determining if an interest rate concession has been granted, we consider whether the interest rate on the modified loan is equivalent to current market rates for new debt with similar risk characteristics. If the rate in the modification is less than current market rates, it may indicate that a concession was granted and impairment exists. However, if additional collateral is obtained or if a strong guarantor exists who is believed to be able and willing to support the loan on an extended basis, we also consider the nature and amount of additional collateral, guarantees, and paydowns in the ultimate determination of whether a concession has been granted.

We obtain and consider updated financial information for the guarantor as part of our determination to extend a loan. The quality and frequency of financial reporting collected and analyzed varies depending on the contractual requirements for reporting, the size of the transaction, and the strength of the guarantor. Complete underwriting of the guarantor includes, but is not limited to, an analysis of the guarantor’s current financial statements, leverage, liquidity, global cash flow, global debt service coverage, contingent liabilities, etc. The assessment also includes a qualitative analysis of the guarantor’s willingness to perform in the event of a problem and demonstrated history of performing in similar situations. Additional analysis may include personal financial statements, tax returns, liquidity (brokerage) confirmations and other reports, as appropriate. All personal financial statements of customers entering into new relationships with the applicable bank must not be more than 60 days old on the date the transaction is approved. Personal financial statements that are required for existing customers must be no more than 15 months old. Evaluations of the financial strength of the guarantor are performed at least annually.

A qualitative assessment is performed on a case-by-case basis to evaluate the guarantor’s experience, performance track record, reputation, performance of other related projects with which we are familiar, and willingness to work with us. We also utilize market information sources, rating and scoring services in our assessment. This qualitative analysis coupled with a documented quantitative ability to support the loan may result in a higher-quality internal loan grade, which may reduce the level of allowance the Company estimates. Previous documentation of the guarantor’s financial ability to support the loan is discounted if, at any point in time, there is any indication of a lack of willingness by the guarantor to support the loan.

In the event of default, we evaluate the pursuit of any and all appropriate potential sources of repayment, which may come from multiple sources, including the guarantee. A number of factors are considered when deciding whether or not to pursue a guarantor, including, but not limited to, the value and liquidity of other sources of repayment (collateral), the financial strength and liquidity of the guarantor, possible statutory limitations (e.g., single action rule on real estate) and the overall cost of pursuing a guarantee compared to the ultimate amount we may be able to recover. In other instances, the guarantor may voluntarily support a loan without any formal pursuit of remedies.

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Consumer Loans
The Company has mainly been an originator of first and second mortgages, generally considered to be of prime quality. Its practice historically has been to sell “conforming” fixed rate loans to third parties, including Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, for which it makes representations and warranties that the loans meet certain underwriting and collateral documentation standards. It has also been the Company’s practice historically to hold variable rate loans in its portfolio. The Company estimates that it does not have any material financial risk as a result of either its foreclosure practices or loan “put-backs” by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, and has not established any reserves related to these items.

The Company has a portfolio of $327 million of stated income mortgage loans with generally high FICO® scores at origination, including “one-time close” loans to finance the construction of homes, which convert into permanent jumbo mortgages. As of March 31, 2013, approximately $29 million of these loans had refreshed FICO® scores of less than 620. These totals exclude held-for-sale loans. Stated income loans account for approximately $0.1 million, or 5%, of our net credit losses in 1-4 family residential first mortgage loans during the first quarter of 2013. Most of these credit losses were incurred by NBAZ, while ZFNB had net recoveries on loans that had been previously written off.

The Company is engaged in home equity credit line (“HECL”) lending. At March 31, 2013, the Company’s HECL portfolio totaled $2.1 billion, including FDIC-supported loans. Approximately $1.1 billion of the portfolio is secured by first deeds of trust, while the remaining $1.0 billion is secured by junior liens. The outstanding balances and commitments by origination year for the junior lien HECLs are presented in the following schedule:

JR. LIEN HECLs – OUTSTANDING BALANCES AND TOTAL COMMITMENTS    
(In millions)
 
 
March 31, 2013
 
 
 
December 31, 2012
 
Year of
origination
 
Outstanding
balance
 
Total
commitments
 
Outstanding
balance
 
Total
commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2013
 
 
$
26

 
 
 
$
62

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2012
 
 
118

 
 
 
233

 
 
 
$
117

 
 
 
$
234

 
2011
 
 
89

 
 
 
171

 
 
 
97

 
 
 
182

 
2010
 
 
63

 
 
 
114

 
 
 
68

 
 
 
122

 
2009
 
 
61

 
 
 
121

 
 
 
65

 
 
 
125

 
2008
 
 
146

 
 
 
236

 
 
 
158

 
 
 
250

 
2007
 
 
180

 
 
 
286

 
 
 
189

 
 
 
295

 
2006 and prior
 
 
389

 
 
 
873

 
 
 
419

 
 
 
910

 
Total
 
 
$
1,072

 
 
 
$
2,096

 
 
 
$
1,113

 
 
 
$
2,118

 

Approximately 99% of the Company’s HECL portfolio is still in the draw period, and approximately 51% is scheduled to begin amortizing within the next five years; however, most of them are expected to be renewed for a second 10-year period after a satisfactory review of the borrower’s credit history and ability to repay the loan. Of the total home equity credit line portfolio, including FDIC-supported loans, 0.25% was 90 or more days past due at March 31, 2013 as compared to 0.27% and 0.51% at December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2012, respectively. During the first three months of 2013, the Company did not modify any home equity credit lines. The annualized credit losses for the HECL portfolio were 40 bps and 77 bps for the first quarters of 2013 and 2012, respectively.

As of March 31, 2013, loans representing approximately 13% of the outstanding balance in the HECL portfolio were estimated to have combined loan-to-value ratios (“CLTV”) above 100%. An estimated CLTV ratio is the ratio of our loan plus any prior lien amounts divided by the estimated current collateral value. The estimated current collateral value is based on projecting values forward from the most recent valuation of the underlying collateral using home price indices at the metropolitan area level. Generally, a valuation of collateral is performed at origination. For junior lien HECLs, the estimated current balance of prior liens is added to the numerator in the calculation of CLTV. Additional detail for the current CLTV is shown in the following schedule:

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HECL PORTFOLIO BY COMBINED LOAN-TO-VALUE
 
 
Percentage of HECL portfolio
CLTV
 
March 31, 2013
 
December 31,
2012
>100%
 
 
13
%
 
 
 
14
%
 
90-100%
 
 
8
%
 
 
 
9
%
 
80-89%
 
 
13
%
 
 
 
13
%
 
< 80%
 
 
66
%
 
 
 
64
%
 
 
 
 
100
%
 
 
 
100
%
 

At origination, underwriting standards for the HECL portfolio generally include a maximum 80% CLTV with high credit scores. Credit bureau data, credit scores, and estimated CLTV are refreshed on a quarterly basis, and are used to monitor and manage accounts, including amounts available under the lines of credit. The allowance for loan losses is determined through the use of roll rate models, and first lien HECLs are modeled separately from junior lien HECLs. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the allowance.

Nonperforming Assets
Nonperforming lending-related assets as a percentage of loans and leases and OREO decreased to 1.80% at March 31, 2013, compared to 1.96% at December 31, 2012 and 2.78% at March 31, 2012.

Total nonaccrual loans, excluding FDIC-supported loans, at March 31, 2013 decreased by $42 million from December 31, 2012. The decrease is primarily due to a $23 million decrease in commercial real estate term loans, a $15 million decrease in construction and land development, and an $11 million decrease in owner occupied loans. The largest total decreases in nonaccrual loans occurred at Zions Bank, Amegy, NSB, and Vectra.

The balance of nonaccrual loans can decrease due to pay-downs, charge-offs, and the return of loans to accrual status under certain conditions. If a nonaccrual loan is refinanced or restructured, the new note is immediately placed on nonaccrual. If a restructured loan performs under the new terms for a period of six months, the loan can be considered for return to accrual status. See “Restructured Loans” for more information. Company policy does not allow for the conversion of nonaccrual construction and land development loans to CRE term loans. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.
 

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The following schedule sets forth the Company’s nonperforming lending-related assets:

NONPERFORMING LENDING-RELATED ASSETS
(Amounts in millions)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans
$
589

 
$
631

Other real estate owned
81

 
90

Nonperforming lending-related assets, excluding FDIC-supported assets
670

 
721

FDIC-supported nonaccrual loans
5

 
17

FDIC-supported other real estate owned
9

 
8

FDIC-supported nonperforming lending-related assets
14

 
25

Total nonperforming lending-related assets
$
684

 
$
746

Ratio of nonperforming lending-related assets to net loans and leases 1
and other real estate owned
1.80
%
 
1.96
%
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more, excluding FDIC-supported loans
$
13

 
$
10

FDIC-supported loans past due 90 days or more
47

 
52

Ratio of accruing loans past due 90 days or more to net loans and leases 1
0.16
%
 
0.16
%
Nonaccrual loans and accruing loans past due 90 days or more
$
654

 
$
710

Ratio of nonaccrual loans and accruing loans past due 90 days or more to
net loans and leases 1
1.72
%
 
1.87
%
Accruing loans past due 30 – 89 days, excluding FDIC-supported loans
$
156

 
$
185

FDIC-supported loans past due 30 – 89 days
11

 
12

Classified loans, excluding FDIC-supported loans
1,737

 
1,767

1 Includes loans held for sale.

Restructured Loans
TDRs are loans that have been modified to accommodate a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulties, and for which the Company has granted a concession that it would not otherwise consider. Commercial loans may be modified to provide the borrower more time to complete the project, to achieve a higher lease-up percentage, to sell the property, or for other reasons. Consumer loan TDRs represent loan modifications in which a concession has been granted to the borrower who is unable to refinance the loan with another lender, or who is experiencing economic hardship. Such consumer loan TDRs may include first-lien residential mortgage loans and home equity loans.

For certain TDRs, we split the loan into two new notes – an “A” note and a “B” note. The A note is structured to comply with our current lending standards at current market rates, and is tailored to suit the customer’s ability to make timely interest and principal payments. The B note includes the granting of the concession to the borrower and varies by situation. We may defer principal and interest payments until the A note has been paid in full. At the time of restructuring, the A note is identified and classified as a TDR. The B note is charged off, but the obligation is not forgiven to the borrower, and any payments collected on the B notes are accounted for as recoveries. The outstanding carrying value of loans restructured using the A/B note strategy was approximately $153 million at March 31, 2013, and $160 million at December 31, 2012.

If the restructured loan performs for at least six months according to the modified terms, and an analysis of the customer’s financial condition indicates that the Company is reasonably assured of repayment of the modified principal and interest, the loan may be returned to accrual status. The borrower’s payment performance prior to and following the restructuring is taken into account in determining whether or not a loan should be returned to accrual status.


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ACCRUING AND NONACCRUING TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURED LOANS
(In millions)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Restructured loans – accruing
$
416

 
 
$
407

 
 
 
$
401

 
Restructured loans – nonaccruing
194

 
 
216

 
 
 
277

 
Total
$
610

 
 
$
623

 
 
 
$
678

 

In the periods following the calendar year in which a loan was restructured, a loan may no longer be reported as a TDR if it is on accrual, is in compliance with its modified terms, and yields a market rate (as determined and documented at the time of the modification or restructure). Company policy requires that the removal of TDR status be approved at the same management level that approves the upgrading of a loan’s classification. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding TDRs.

TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURED LOANS ROLLFORWARD
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
(In millions)
2013
 
2012
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
623

 
$
744

New identified TDRs and principal increases
59

 
88

Payments and payoffs
(53
)
 
(67
)
Charge-offs
(3
)
 
(9
)
No longer reported as TDRs
(3
)
 
(62
)
Sales and other
(13
)
 
(16
)
Balance at end of period
$
610

 
$
678


Other Nonperforming Assets
In addition to the lending-related nonperforming assets, the Company had $180 million in fair value and $455 million in amortized cost of investments in debt securities (primarily bank and insurance company CDOs) that were on nonaccrual status at March 31, 2013 compared to $187 million and $471 million at December 31, 2012, and $143 million and $584 million at March 31, 2012, respectively.

Allowance and Reserve for Credit Losses
In analyzing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, we utilize a comprehensive loan grading system to determine the risk potential in the portfolio and also consider the results of independent internal credit reviews. To determine the adequacy of the allowance, the Company’s loan and lease portfolio is broken into segments based on loan type.


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The following schedule shows the changes in the allowance for loan losses and a summary of loan loss experience.

SUMMARY OF LOAN LOSS EXPERIENCE
(Amounts in millions)

Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2013
 
Twelve Months
Ended December 31, 2012
 
Three Months
Ended
March 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans and leases outstanding (net of unearned income)
$
37,762

 
$
37,665

 
$
36,686

Average loans and leases outstanding (net of unearned income)
$
37,598

 
$
37,037

 
$
36,882

Allowance for loan losses:
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at beginning of period
$
896

 
$
1,052

 
$
1,052

Provision charged against earnings
(29
)
 
14

 
16

Adjustment for FDIC-supported loans
(7
)
 
(15
)
 
(1
)
Charge-offs:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
(18
)
 
(121
)
 
(35
)
Commercial real estate
(7
)
 
(85
)
 
(28
)
Consumer
(10
)
 
(61
)
 
(17
)
Total
(35
)
 
(267
)
 
(80
)
Recoveries:
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
8

 
56

 
10

Commercial real estate
5

 
42

 
12

Consumer
4

 
14

 
3

Total
17

 
112

 
25

Net loan and lease charge-offs
(18
)
 
(155
)
 
(55
)
Balance at end of period
$
842

 
$
896

 
$
1,012

 
 
 
 
 
 
Ratio of annualized net charge-offs to average loans and leases
0.19
%
 
0.42
%
 
0.59
%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to net loans and leases, at period end
2.23
%
 
2.38
%
 
2.76
%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans, at period end
141.68
%
 
138.25
%
 
116.01
%
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans and accruing loans past due 90 days or more, at period end
128.70
%
 
126.22
%
 
102.48
%

The total ALLL declined during the first quarter of 2013 due to the positive credit trends experienced in our loan portfolio segments and to somewhat improving economic conditions in some of our markets. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding positive and negative credit trends experienced in each portfolio segment.

The quantitatively derived portion of the ALLL declined in all portfolio segments and major geographic areas of our business during the first quarter of 2013. Recent and historic periods are weighted the same when determining historical loss rates. The portion of the ALLL related to qualitative and environmental factors remained relatively unchanged, both in the aggregate and across each portfolio segment, resulting from slowing credit quality improvements and continued economic uncertainty in our markets. Improvements in credit quality during the first quarter of 2013 were most significant in the term commercial real estate, construction and land development, and owner occupied loan classes where nonaccrual loans declined. Nonaccrual loans increased in the commercial and industrial loan class, reversing improvements achieved in the fourth quarter of 2012. Credit trends experienced in the FDIC-supported portfolio are described in Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The reserve for unfunded lending commitments represents a reserve for potential losses associated with off-balance sheet commitments and standby letters of credit. The reserve is separately shown in the Company’s balance sheet and any related increases or decreases in the reserve are shown separately in the statement of income. The reserve

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decreased by $6.4 million from December 31, 2012, and increased by $1.7 million from March 31, 2012. The balance of the reserve fluctuates based on the amount and credit quality of the unfunded lending commitments. See Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to the allowance for credit losses.

Interest Rate and Market Risk Management
Interest rate and market risk are managed centrally. Interest rate risk is the potential for reduced net interest income and other rate sensitive income resulting from adverse changes in the level of interest rates. Market risk is the potential for loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of fixed income securities, equity securities, other earning assets, and derivative financial instruments as a result of changes in interest rates or other factors. As a financial institution that engages in transactions involving an array of financial products, the Company is exposed to both interest rate risk and market risk.

The Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for approving the overall policies relating to the management of the financial risk of the Company, including interest rate and market risk management. The Boards of Directors of the Company’s subsidiary banks are also required to review and approve these policies. In addition, the Board establishes and periodically revises policy limits and reviews limit exceptions reported by management. The Board has established the Asset/Liability Committee (“ALCO”), consisting of members of management, to which it has delegated the responsibility of managing interest rate and market risk for the Company.

Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is one of the most significant risks to which the Company is regularly exposed. In general, our goal in managing interest rate risk is to have the net interest margin increase slightly in a rising interest rate environment. We refer to this goal as being slightly “asset-sensitive.” This approach is based on our belief that in a rising interest rate environment, the market cost of equity, or implied rate at which future earnings are discounted, would also tend to rise. The asset sensitivity of the Company’s balance sheet increased during the quarter, primarily due to deposit assumption changes discussed below.

Due to the low level of rates and the natural lower bound of zero for market indices, there is limited sensitivity to falling rates at the current time. Our models indicate that decreasing market index rates by 200 bps, with a lower bound of 0%, would decrease rate sensitive income by approximately 2% over a one-year period in the income simulation when compared to a scenario of no change in interest rates. However, if interest rates remain at their current historically low levels, given the Company’s asset sensitivity, it expects its net interest margin to be under continuing modest pressure assuming a stable balance sheet. If interest rates remain stable, this pressure may lead to a reduction in net interest income, unless its impact is offset by sufficient loan growth.

We attempt to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income primarily through the use of interest rate floors on variable rate loans, interest rate swaps, interest rate futures, and by avoiding large exposures to long-term fixed rate interest-earning assets that have significant negative convexity. Our earning assets are largely tied to the shorter end of the interest rate curve. The prime lending rate and the LIBOR curves are the primary indices used for pricing the Company’s loans. The interest rates paid on deposit accounts are set by individual banks so as to be competitive in each local market.

We monitor interest rate risk through the use of two complementary measurement methods: Market Value of Equity (“MVE”) and income simulation. In the MVE method, we measure the expected changes in the fair values of equity in response to changes in interest rates. In the income simulation method, we analyze the expected changes in income in response to changes in interest rates.

MVE is calculated as the fair value of all assets and derivative instruments minus the fair value of liabilities. We report changes in the dollar amount of MVE for parallel shifts in interest rates.


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The Company’s policy is generally to limit declines in MVE to 3% per 100 bps movement in interest rates in either direction. Due to embedded optionality and asymmetric rate risk, changes in MVE can be useful in quantifying risks not apparent for small rate changes. Examples of such risks may include out-of-the-money caps on loans which have little effect for small rate movements but may become important if larger rate shocks were to occur, or substantial prepayment deceleration for low rate mortgages in a higher rate environment.

Income simulation is an estimate of the net interest income and total rate sensitive income that would be recognized under different rate environments. Net interest income and total rate sensitive income are measured under several parallel and nonparallel interest rate environments and deposit repricing assumptions, taking into account an estimate of the possible exercise of options within the portfolio. For income simulation, Company policy requires that interest sensitive income from a static balance sheet be limited to a decline of no more than 10% during one year if rates were to immediately rise or fall in parallel by 200 bps.
    
Each of these measurement methods requires that we assess a number of variables and make various assumptions in managing the Company’s exposure to changes in interest rates. The assessments address loan and security prepayments, early deposit withdrawals, and other embedded options and noncontrollable events. As a result of uncertainty about the maturity and repricing characteristics of both deposits and loans, the Company estimates ranges of MVE and income simulation under a variety of assumptions and scenarios. The Company’s interest rate risk position changes as the interest rate environment changes and is actively managed to maintain an asset-sensitive position. However, positions at the end of any period may not be reflective of the Company’s position in any subsequent period.

The estimated MVE and income simulation results are highly sensitive to the assumptions used for deposits that do not have specific maturities, such as checking, savings, and money market accounts, and also to prepayment assumptions used for loans with prepayment options. Given the uncertainty of these estimates, we view both the MVE and the income simulation results as falling within a wide range of possibilities.

As of the dates indicated, the following schedule shows the Company’s percentage change in interest rate sensitive income, based on a static balance sheet, in the first year after the rate change if interest rates were to sustain immediate parallel changes ranging from -100 bps to +300 bps. The Company estimates interest rate risk with two sets of deposit repricing scenarios.

The first scenario assumes that administered-rate deposits (money market, interest-earning checking, and savings) reprice at a faster speed in response to changes in interest rates. Additionally, interest rates cannot decline below zero. At both March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, interest rates were at such a low level that repricing scenarios assuming -100 bps rate shocks produced negative results.

The second scenario assumes that those deposits reprice at a slower speed. For larger rate shocks, e.g., +300 bps, models reflecting consumer behavior in regards to both loan prepayments and deposit run-off are inherently prone to increased model uncertainty.

INCOME SIMULATION – CHANGE IN INTEREST RATE SENSITIVE INCOME
 
 
As of March 31, 2013
Repricing scenario
 
-100 bps
 
+100 bps
 
+200 bps
 
+300 bps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fast
 
(2.4
)%
 
6.7
%
 
14.5
%
 
22.6
%
Slow
 
(2.6
)%
 
7.9
%
 
17.0
%
 
26.4
%


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As of December 31, 2012
Repricing scenario
 
-100 bps
 
+100 bps
 
+200 bps
 
+300 bps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fast
 
(1.8
)%
 
3.9
%
 
9.8
%
 
16.7
%
Slow
 
(2.0
)%
 
5.0
%
 
12.1
%
 
20.2
%

The following schedule includes changes in the MVE from -100 bps to +300 bps parallel rate moves for both “fast” and “slow” scenarios.

CHANGES IN MARKET VALUE OF EQUITY
 
 
As of March 31, 2013
Repricing scenario
 
-100 bps
 
+100 bps
 
+200 bps
 
+300 bps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fast
 
(1.1
)%
 
2.6
%
 
5.6
%
 
8.7
%
Slow
 
(4.5
)%
 
5.9
%
 
12.0
%
 
17.9
%

 
 
As of December 31, 2012
Repricing scenario
 
-100 bps
 
+100 bps
 
+200 bps
 
+300 bps
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fast
 
0.7
 %
 
1.7
%
 
3.9
%
 
6.3
%
Slow
 
(2.8
)%
 
4.9
%
 
10.6
%
 
16.0
%

During the first quarter of 2013, changes in interest rate sensitivity were primarily driven by changes in assumptions for demand deposits. Since the introduction of the Transaction Account Guarantee (“TAG”) in 2008, the Company has designated a portion of the noninterest-bearing demand deposit balances as ratings and rate-sensitive, based on the assumption that these deposits would behave differently upon the expiration of the TAG program on December 31, 2012 and in a changing interest rate environment from deposits collected for reasons other than the TAG program and FDIC-insured deposits up to $250,000 (“stable deposits”). Upon the expiration of the TAG program, we believe that only a modest portion of such deposits were withdrawn, approximately $1 billion, but we still believe that a “rate sensitive” portion of our demand deposit balances may behave differently than the more “stable” portion. For modeling purposes, the rate-sensitive deposits were assigned a six-month maturity, which had impacts on both the MVE and income simulation results. The Company continues to anticipate that a portion of the rate-sensitive deposits will be more sensitive to future rate changes than stable deposits because they were largely collected during a near zero interest rate environment. However, the methodology for determining which balances are rate-sensitive was modified during the first quarter of 2013 in part to recognize that the declines in balances following the expiration of the TAG program were less than anticipated.
  
As a result of the methodology change, the amount of noninterest-bearing demand deposits designated as rate-sensitive was reduced from approximately $8.5 billion at December 31, 2012 to $5.9 billion at March 31, 2013. Additionally, though not covered by the TAG program, a portion of the interest-bearing checking account balances has also been designated as rate-sensitive to take into account the fact that some of these balances were collected during the unprecedented low rate environment that we have experienced over the last several years and that continues to exist. The methodology change reduced rate-sensitive interest-bearing checking deposits from approximately $1.6 billion at December 31, 2012 to $1.4 billion at March 31, 2013. The Company continues to believe that, in the aggregate, both interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing transaction account balances accumulated during the near zero rate environment will behave differently than stable deposit balances, and continues to closely analyze and adjust the impact of these balances on both the MVE and income simulation measures of asset sensitivity.


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Market Risk – Fixed Income
The Company engages in the underwriting and trading of municipal securities. This trading activity exposes the Company to a risk of loss arising from adverse changes in the prices of these fixed income securities.

The Company is exposed to market risk through changes in fair value. The Company is also exposed to market risk for interest rate swaps used to hedge interest rate risk. Changes in the fair value of AFS securities and in interest rate swaps that qualify as cash flow hedges are included in AOCI for each financial reporting period. During the first quarter of 2013, the after-tax increase in AOCI attributable to AFS and HTM securities was $42 million compared to $24 million in the same prior year period. The decrease attributable to cash flow interest rate swaps for the first quarters of 2013 and 2012 was $1 million and $3 million, respectively. If any of the AFS or HTM securities becomes other-than-temporarily impaired, the credit impairment is charged to operations. See “Investment Securities Portfolio” for additional information on OTTI.

Market Risk – Equity Investments
Through its equity investment activities, the Company owns equity securities that are publicly traded. In addition, the Company owns equity securities in companies and governmental entities, e.g., Federal Reserve Bank and Federal Home Loan Banks, that are not publicly traded, and which are accounted for under cost, fair value, equity, or full consolidation methods of accounting, depending upon the Company’s ownership position and degree of involvement in influencing the investees’ affairs. Regardless of the accounting method, the value of the Company’s investment is subject to fluctuation. Since the fair value of these securities may fall below the Company’s investment costs, the Company is exposed to the possibility of loss. Equity investments in private and public companies are approved, monitored and evaluated by the Company’s Equity Investment Committee.

The Company holds investments in pre-public companies through various venture capital funds. Additionally, Amegy has an alternative investments portfolio. These investments are primarily directed towards equity buyout and mezzanine funds with a key strategy of deriving ancillary commercial banking business from the portfolio companies. Early stage venture capital funds were generally not a part of the strategy since the underlying companies were typically not creditworthy.

These private equity investments are subject to the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act that prohibit bank holding company or bank investment in such funds, with limited exceptions. The Company is allowed to honor unfunded commitments made prior to the adoption of the Dodd-Frank Act, but is not allowed to make any new commitments to invest in private equity, except for SBIC funds. Therefore, the Company’s earnings from these investments, and the potential volatility of these earnings, are expected to decline over the next several years and will ultimately cease.

A more comprehensive discussion of the Company’s interest rate and market risk management is contained in the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Liquidity Risk Management
Liquidity risk is the possibility that the Company’s cash flows may not be adequate to fund its ongoing operations and meet its commitments in a timely and cost-effective manner. Since liquidity risk is closely linked to both credit risk and market risk, many of the previously discussed risk control mechanisms also apply to the monitoring and management of liquidity risk. We manage the Company’s liquidity to provide adequate funds to meet its anticipated financial and contractual obligations, including withdrawals by depositors, debt and capital service requirements and lease obligations, as well as to fund customers’ needs for credit. The management of liquidity and funding is performed centrally for both the Parent and its subsidiary banks.

Consolidated cash and interest-bearing deposits held as investments at the Parent and its subsidiaries decreased to $6.7 billion at March 31, 2013 from $7.8 billion at December 31, 2012. The decrease during the first three months of 2013 resulted primarily from (1) a decrease in deposits, (2) net loan originations, and (3) an increase in

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investment securities. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in cash due to (1) a net decrease in security resell agreements, (2) net cash provided by operating activities, and (3) the issuance of preferred stock.

Parent Company Liquidity
The Parent’s cash requirements consist primarily of debt service, investments in and advances to subsidiaries, operating expenses, income taxes, and dividends to preferred and common shareholders. The Parent’s cash needs are usually met through dividends from its subsidiaries, interest and investment income, subsidiaries’ proportionate share of current income taxes, equity contributed through the exercise of stock options, and long-term debt and equity issuances.

Cash and interest-bearing deposits held as investments at the Parent increased to $108 million at March 31, 2013 from $78 million at December 31, 2012. The increase in cash from December 31, 2012 was primarily a result of (1) the issuance of preferred stock, (2) dividends received from its subsidiaries, and (3) the redemption of subsidiary preferred stock issued to the Parent. These increases were partially offset by the decrease in cash resulting from an increased investment in security resell agreements and the payment of common and preferred dividends.

During the first three months of 2013, the Parent received common dividends totaling $109.6 million and preferred dividends totaling $10.8 million from its subsidiary banks. Also, the Parent received cash of $25.0 million from NSB as a result of the redemption of preferred stock issued to the Parent. The dividends that our subsidiary banks can pay to the Parent are restricted by current and historical earning levels, retained earnings, and risk-based and other regulatory capital requirements and limitations. During the first three months of 2013, all of the Company’s subsidiary banks recorded a profit. We expect that this profitability will be sustained, thus permitting additional payments of dividends by the subsidiaries to the Parent, and/or returns of capital to the Parent during the remainder of 2013.

During 2012 and the first three months of 2013, the Company has held the dividend on its common stock to $0.01 per share per quarter to conserve both capital and cash at the Parent. On April 19, 2013, the Company announced an increase in its quarterly dividend on common stock to $0.04 per share. The dividend is payable May 30, 2013, to shareholders of record on May 23, 2013.

General financial market and economic conditions impact the Company’s access to and cost of external financing. Access to funding markets for the Parent and subsidiary banks is also directly affected by the credit ratings they receive from various rating agencies. The ratings not only influence the costs associated with the borrowings, but can also influence the sources of the borrowings. The debt ratings and outlooks issued by the various rating agencies for the Company did not change during the first three months of 2013. While Moody’s rates the Company’s senior debt as Ba1 or noninvestment grade, Standard & Poor’s, Fitch, Dominion Bond Rating Service (“DBRS”), and Kroll all rate the Company’s senior debt at a low investment grade level. In addition, all the previously mentioned rating agencies, except Kroll, rate the Company’s subordinated debt as noninvestment grade.

During the first three months of 2013, the primary sources of additional cash to the Parent in the capital markets were (1) $171.8 million issuance of Series G fixed/floating-rate non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock; proceeds net of commissions and fees were $168.8 million and (2) $19.4 million issuance of 2.75% unsecured senior notes maturing in May 2016; proceeds net of commissions and fees were $19.3 million.

The primary use of cash in the capital markets during the first three months of 2013 was the repayment of an $18.2 million medium-term senior note with a coupon interest rate of 4.25%.


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The following table presents the Parent’s balance sheet at March 31, 2013December 31, 2012, and March 31, 2012.
PARENT ONLY CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
March 31, 2013
 
December 31, 2012
 
March 31, 2012
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
1,779

 
$
2,001

 
$
2,019

Interest-bearing deposits
106,425

 
75,808

 
510,383

Security resell agreements
850,000

 
575,000

 

Investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
Held-to-maturity, at adjusted cost (approximate fair value of $24,500,
$22,112 and $18,598)
19,654

 
22,679

 
23,956

Available-for-sale, at fair value
495,631

 
461,665

 
385,628

Loans, net of unearned fees of $0, $0 and $0 and allowance for loan losses
of $22, $23 and $0
1,278

 
1,277

 

Other noninterest-bearing investments
48,785

 
50,799

 
52,731

Investments in subsidiaries:

 
 
 
 
Commercial banks and bank holding company
6,697,996

 
6,668,881

 
7,159,648

Other operating companies
35,580

 
36,516

 
44,175

Nonoperating – ZMFU II, Inc. 1
43,557

 
43,012

 
92,848

Receivables from subsidiaries:
 
 
 
 
 
Other operating companies
5,000

 

 
20,000

Other assets
257,540

 
311,093

 
281,529

 
$
8,563,225

 
$
8,248,731

 
$
8,572,917

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
 
 
Other liabilities
$
106,663

 
$
106,159

 
$
87,286

Commercial paper:
 
 
 
 
 
Due to affiliates

 

 
45,991

Due to others

 

 
2,481

Other short-term borrowings:
 
 
 
 
 
Due to affiliates

 

 
14

Due to others

 
4,951

 
16,900

Subordinated debt to affiliated trusts
309,278

 
309,278

 
309,278

Long-term debt:
 
 
 
 
 
Due to affiliates

 

 
10

Due to others
1,791,879

 
1,776,274

 
1,721,844

Total liabilities
2,207,820

 
2,196,662

 
2,183,804

Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
1,301,289

 
1,128,302

 
1,737,633

Common stock
4,170,888

 
4,166,109

 
4,162,522

Retained earnings
1,290,131

 
1,203,815

 
1,060,525

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
(406,903
)
 
(446,157
)
 
(571,567
)
Total shareholders’ equity
6,355,405

 
6,052,069

 
6,389,113

 
$
8,563,225

 
$
8,248,731

 
$
8,572,917

1 ZMFU II, Inc. is a wholly-owned nonoperating subsidiary whose sole purpose is to hold a portfolio of municipal bonds, loans and leases.

During the first three months of 2013 and 2012, the Parent’s operating expenses included cash payments for interest of approximately $44 million and $36 million, respectively. Additionally, the Parent paid approximately $24 million and $41 million of dividends on preferred stock and common stock, respectively, for the same periods. Preferred stock dividends were lower in the first quarter of 2013 as compared to the first quarter of 2012 as a result of the redemption of the $1.4 billion TARP preferred stock during 2012 and the replacement of the 11.0% Series E preferred stock with the 7.9% Series F preferred stock.

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At March 31, 2013, maturities of the Company’s long-term senior and subordinated debt ranged from February 2014 to November 2019.

Subsidiary Bank Liquidity
The subsidiary banks’ primary source of funding is their core deposits, consisting of demand, savings and money market deposits, time deposits under $100,000, and foreign deposits. These core deposits, excluding brokered deposits, in aggregate, constituted 96.6% of consolidated deposits at both March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012. On a consolidated basis, the Company’s net loan to total deposit ratio increased to 84.9% as of March 31, 2013 compared to 81.6% as of December 31, 2012, primarily as a result of a decrease in deposits.

All deposit types decreased during the first quarter of 2013, resulting in total deposits decreasing by $1.6 billion. Noninterest-bearing deposits decreased $1.2 billion, the largest decrease of all deposit types. The FDIC rule providing temporary unlimited insurance coverage of noninterest-bearing transaction accounts at all FDIC-insured depository institutions expired on December 31, 2012. Deposits held in noninterest-bearing transaction accounts are now aggregated with any interest-bearing deposits the owner may hold, and the combined total is insured up to $250,000.

The FHLB system and Federal Reserve Banks have been and are a source of back-up liquidity, and from time to time, a significant source of funding for each of the Company’s subsidiary banks. Zions Bank, TCBW, and TCBO are members of the FHLB of Seattle. CB&T, NSB, and NBAZ are members of the FHLB of San Francisco. Vectra is a member of the FHLB of Topeka and Amegy Bank is a member of the FHLB of Dallas. The FHLB allows member banks to borrow against their eligible loans to satisfy liquidity requirements. The subsidiary banks are required to invest in FHLB and Federal Reserve stock to maintain their borrowing capacity. At March 31, 2013, the amount available for additional FHLB and Federal Reserve borrowings was approximately $14.5 billion. Loans with a carrying value of approximately $22.0 billion at March 31, 2013 and $21.1 billion at December 31, 2012 have been pledged at various FHLBs and the Federal Reserve as collateral for current and potential borrowings. At both March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the Company had a de minimus amount of long-term borrowings outstanding with the FHLB – approximately $23 million. At March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the subsidiary banks’ total investment in FHLB stock was approximately $106 million and $109 million, respectively. At both March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012 the subsidiary bank’s total investment in Federal Reserve stock was $123 million.

The Company’s investment activities can provide or use cash, depending on the asset-liability management posture that is taken. For the first three months of 2013, investment securities’ activities resulted in an increase in investment securities and a net $120 million decrease in cash compared with a decrease in investment securities and a net $46 million increase in cash for the first three months of 2012.

Maturing balances in our subsidiary banks’ loan portfolios also provide additional flexibility in managing cash flows. Lending activity for the first quarter of 2013 resulted in a net cash outflow of $135 million compared to a net cash inflow of $415 million for the first quarter of 2012.

A more comprehensive discussion of our liquidity management is contained in the Company’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Operational Risk Management
Operational risk is the potential for unexpected losses attributable to human error, systems failures, fraud, or inadequate internal controls and procedures. In its ongoing efforts to identify and manage operational risk, the Company has a Corporate Risk Management Department whose responsibility is to help management identify and assess key risks and monitor the key internal controls and processes that the Company has in place to mitigate

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operational risk. We have documented controls and the Control Self Assessment related to financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991.

To manage and minimize its operating risk, the Company has in place transactional documentation requirements; systems and procedures to monitor transactions and positions; systems and procedures to detect and mitigate attempts to commit fraud, penetrate the Company’s systems or telecommunications, access customer data, and/or deny normal access to those systems to the Company’s legitimate customers; regulatory compliance reviews; and periodic reviews by the Company’s internal audit and credit examination departments. In addition, reconciliation procedures have been established to ensure that data processing systems consistently and accurately capture critical data. Further, we maintain contingency plans and systems for operations support in the event of natural or other disasters.

Efforts are continually underway to improve the Company’s oversight of operational risk, including enhancement of risk-control self assessments and of anti-fraud measures, which are reported to the Enterprise Risk Management Committee and to the Risk Oversight Committee of the Board. We also mitigate operational risk through the purchase of insurance, including errors and omissions and professional liability insurance. However, the number and sophistication of attempts to disrupt or penetrate the Company’s critical systems, sometimes referred to as hacking, cyberfraud, cyberattacks, cyberterrorism, or other similar names, also continues to grow. On a daily basis, the Company, its customers, and other financial institutions are subject to such attempts. The Company has established systems and procedures to monitor, thwart or mitigate damage from such attempts, and usually these efforts have been successful. However, in some instances we, or our customers, have been victimized by cyberfraud (related losses to the Company have not been material), or some of our customers have been temporarily unable to routinely access our online systems as a result of, for example, distributed denial of service attacks.

CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
We believe that a strong capital position is vital to continued profitability and to promoting depositor and investor confidence.

On March 14, 2013, the Federal Reserve notified the Company of the results of its review of the Company’s capital plan under the FRB’s 2013 Capital Plan Review. While the FRB objected to certain proposed capital actions, it did not object to key capital actions relating to the reduction of the cost and quantity of the Company’s non-common capital. Specifically, among other things, the FRB did not object to the issuance by the Company of up to $600 million in additional perpetual preferred stock, and to the redemption of up to $600 million of the Company’s outstanding Series C 9.5% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock. On May 6, 2013, the Company reported that the FRB did not object to increasing both of these amounts by $200 million to a total of $800 million.

Total controlling interest shareholders’ equity increased by 5.0% from $6,052 million at December 31, 2012 to $6,355 million at March 31, 2013. The increase in total controlling interest shareholders’ equity is primarily due to the $171.8 million issuance of preferred stock, $110.7 million of net income applicable to controlling interest, and $41.5 million improvement in net unrealized losses on investment securities recorded in AOCI, partially offset by $24.2 million of dividends paid on preferred and common stock. The improvement in net unrealized losses on investment securities recorded in the first three months of 2013 was primarily a result of fair value increases in CDO securities that occurred mainly in senior tranches and were driven by continued improvement in credit spreads.

The Company paid $1.8 million in dividends on common stock during the first three months of 2013. The dividends paid per share of $0.01 were unchanged from the rate paid since the third quarter of 2009. As previously stated, On April 19, 2013, the Company announced an increase in its quarterly dividend on common stock to $0.04 per share.


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The Company recorded preferred stock dividends of $22.4 million and $64.2 million during the first three months of 2013 and 2012, respectively. Preferred dividends for the first three months of 2012 include $42.6 million related to the TARP preferred stock, consisting of cash payments of $17.4 million and accretion of $25.2 million for the difference between the fair value and par amount of the TARP preferred stock when issued.

Conversions of convertible subordinated debt into preferred stock have augmented the Company’s capital position and reduced future refinancing needs. During the first three months of 2013, $1 million of subordinated debt was converted into preferred stock. As of March 31, 2013, $457 million of convertible subordinated debt was outstanding and our preferred stock balance included $126 million related to the beneficial conversion feature. A portion of the beneficial conversion feature is reclassified from common stock to preferred stock upon each conversion of convertible subordinated debt into preferred stock. The Series C preferred stock is callable in September 2013 and in the event that it were to be redeemed, the $126 million would be reclassified into common equity. The following schedule shows the effect of the conversions on Tier 1 capital and outstanding convertible subordinated debt.

IMPACT OF CONVERTIBLE SUBORDINATED DEBT
 
Three Months Ended
 
(In millions)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
September 30,
2012
 
June 30,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
Preferred equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Convertible subordinated debt converted to
preferred stock
 
$
1

 
 
 
$
4

 
 
 
$
6

 
 
 
$
50

 
 
 
$
30

 
Beneficial conversion feature reclassified from common to preferred stock
 

 
 
 
1

 
 
 
1

 
 
 
8

 
 
 
5

 
Change in preferred equity
 
1

 
 
 
5

 
 
 
7

 
 
 
58

 
 
 
35

 
Common equity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accelerated convertible subordinated debt discount amortization, net of tax
 

 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
(2
)
 
 
 
(13
)
 
 
 
(10
)
 
Beneficial conversion feature reclassified from common to preferred stock
 

 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
(8
)
 
 
 
(5
)
 
Change in common equity
 

 
 
 
(2
)
 
 
 
(3
)
 
 
 
(21
)
 
 
 
(15
)
 
Net impact on Tier 1 capital
 
$
1

 
 
 
$
3

 
 
 
$
4

 
 
 
$
37

 
 
 
$
20

 
Convertible subordinated debt outstanding
 
$
457

 
 
 
$
458

 
 
 
$
462

 
 
 
$
467

 
 
 
$
518

 
Note: The expected conversion of subordinated debt into preferred stock on May 15-16, 2013 is approximately $0.2 million.

On February 7, 2013, the Company issued $171.8 million of a new series of Tier 1 capital qualifying noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. Dividends on the Series G preferred stock is at an annual rate of 6.30% through March 15, 2023, and at an annual floating rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 4.24% thereafter. The Series G preferred stock may be redeemed in whole or in part, on or after March 15, 2023. Net of commission and fees, proceeds from the issuance added $168.8 million to shareholders’ equity and Tier 1 capital.

Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information on the Company’s debt and equity transactions during the first three months of 2013.

Banking organizations are required under published regulations to maintain adequate levels of capital as measured by several regulatory capital ratios. As of March 31, 2013, the Company’s capital ratios were as follows:

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CAPITAL RATIOS
 
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
Tangible common equity ratio
7.53
%
 
7.09
%
 
6.89
%
Tangible equity ratio
9.97
%
 
9.15
%
 
10.24
%
Average equity to average assets (three months ended)
11.54
%
 
11.03
%
 
13.31
%
Risk-based capital ratios:
 
 
 
 
 
Common equity Tier 1
10.07
%
 
9.80
%
 
9.71
%
Tier 1 leverage
11.55
%
 
10.96
%
 
12.17
%
Tier 1 risk-based
14.08
%
 
13.38
%
 
14.83
%
Total risk-based
15.75
%
 
15.05
%
 
16.76
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on average common equity (three months ended)
7.18
%
 
2.91
%
 
2.21
%
Tangible return on average tangible common equity
(three months ended)
9.37
%
 
4.07
%
 
3.18
%
 

At March 31, 2013, regulatory Tier 1 risk-based capital and total risk-based capital were $6,147 million and $6,880 million, compared to $5,884 million and $6,617 million at December 31, 2012, and $6,333 million and $7,157 million at March 31, 2012, respectively.

In June 2012, the FRB, OCC, and FDIC (collectively, the Agencies) each issued Notices of Proposed Rulemaking (“NPRs”) that would revise and replace the Agencies’ current regulatory capital rules to align with the June 2011 Bank for International Settlements regulatory framework, commonly referred to as Basel III. These capital standards meet certain requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act. Requirements included in the proposed NPRs would establish more restrictive capital definitions, higher risk-weightings for certain asset classes, capital buffers, higher minimum capital ratios, and new “prompt corrective action” triggers and restrictions. The revisions include revised methodologies for determining risk-weighted assets for residential mortgages, unused loan commitments, securitization exposures, nonperforming assets, and counterparty credit risk. We are currently evaluating the impact of the proposed NPRs on our regulatory capital ratios. While uncertainty exists in the final form of the U.S. rules implementing the Basel III capital framework, we expect to meet the final requirements adopted by U.S. banking regulators within regulatory timelines.

Subsequent to March 31, 2013, the Company expects to execute several capital actions that should significantly reduce the cost of its capital and financing structure, including the following. On May 3, 2013, the Company issued $126.2 million of a new Series H Tier 1 capital qualifying noncumulative perpetual preferred stock at an annual dividend rate of 5.75%, redeemable on or after June 15, 2019. Also, on May 3, 2013, Zions Capital Trust B redeemed all of its outstanding 8.0% trust preferred securities, or 11.4 million shares, at 100% of their $25 per share liquidation amount for a total of $285 million.

GAAP to NON-GAAP RECONCILIATIONS
1. Common equity Tier 1 capital
Traditionally, the Federal Reserve and other banking regulators have assessed a bank’s capital adequacy based on Tier 1 capital, the calculation of which is codified in federal banking regulations. Regulators have begun supplementing their assessment of the capital adequacy of a bank based on a variation of Tier 1 capital, known as common equity Tier 1 capital. The common equity Tier 1 capital ratio is the core capital component of the Basel III standards, and we believe that it increasingly is becoming a key ratio considered by regulators, investors, and analysts. There is a difference between this ratio calculated using Basel I definitions of common equity Tier 1 capital and those definitions using Basel III rules when fully phased in (which have not yet been formalized in regulation). The common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital ratios in the Capital Ratios schedule presented previously use the current Basel I definitions for determining the numerator. Because common equity Tier 1 capital is not formally defined by GAAP or codified in the federal banking regulations, this measure is considered to be a non-

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GAAP financial measure and other entities may calculate them differently than the Company’s disclosed calculations. Since banking regulators, investors and analysts may assess the Company’s capital adequacy using common equity Tier 1 capital, we believe it is useful to provide them the ability to assess the Company’s capital adequacy on this same basis.

Common equity Tier 1 capital is often expressed as a percentage of risk-weighted assets. Under the current risk-based capital framework, a bank’s balance sheet assets and credit equivalent amounts of off-balance sheet items are assigned to one of four broad “Basel I” risk categories for banks, like our banking subsidiaries, that have not adopted the Basel II “Advanced Measurement Approach.” The aggregated dollar amount in each category is then multiplied by the risk weighting assigned to that category. The resulting weighted values from each of the four categories are added together and this sum is the risk-weighted assets total that, as adjusted, comprises the denominator of certain risk-based capital ratios. Tier 1 capital is then divided by this denominator (risk-weighted assets) to determine the Tier 1 capital ratio. Adjustments are made to Tier 1 capital to arrive at common equity Tier 1 capital. Common equity Tier 1 capital is also divided by the risk-weighted assets to determine the common equity Tier 1 capital ratio. The amounts disclosed as risk-weighted assets are calculated consistent with banking regulatory requirements.

The schedule below provides a reconciliation of controlling interest shareholders’ equity (GAAP) to Tier 1 capital (regulatory) and to common equity Tier 1 capital (non-GAAP) using current U.S. regulatory treatment and not proposed Basel III calculations.
 
COMMON EQUITY TIER 1 CAPITAL (NON-GAAP)
(Amounts in millions)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
Controlling interest shareholders’ equity (GAAP)
$
6,355

 
$
6,052

 
$
6,389

Accumulated other comprehensive loss
407

 
446

 
572

Nonqualifying goodwill and intangibles
(1,061
)
 
(1,065
)
 
(1,079
)
Other regulatory adjustments
(2
)
 
3

 
3

Qualifying trust preferred securities
448

 
448

 
448

Tier 1 capital (regulatory)
6,147

 
5,884

 
6,333

Qualifying trust preferred securities
(448
)
 
(448
)
 
(448
)
Preferred stock
(1,301
)
 
(1,128
)
 
(1,738
)
Common equity Tier 1 capital (non-GAAP)
$
4,398

 
$
4,308

 
$
4,147

 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted assets (regulatory)
$
43,666

 
$
43,970

 
$
42,704

Common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets (non-GAAP)
10.07
%
 
9.80
%
 
9.71
%

2. Income before income taxes and subordinated debt conversions
This Form 10-Q presents “income before income taxes and subordinated debt conversions” which excludes the effects of the (1) periodic discount amortization on convertible subordinated debt and (2) accelerated discount amortization on convertible subordinated debt which has been converted.

The first schedule in “Results of Operations” provides a reconciliation of income before income taxes (GAAP) to income before income taxes and subordinated debt conversions (non-GAAP).

3. Tangible return on average tangible common equity
This Form 10-Q presents “tangible return on average tangible common equity” which excludes, net of tax, the amortization of core deposit and other intangibles and impairment loss on goodwill from net earnings applicable to common shareholders, and average goodwill and core deposit and other intangibles from average common equity.

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The following schedule provides a reconciliation of net earnings applicable to common shareholders (GAAP) to net earnings applicable to common shareholders, excluding net of tax, the effects of amortization of core deposit and other intangibles and impairment loss on goodwill (non-GAAP), and average common equity (GAAP) to average tangible common equity (non-GAAP).

TANGIBLE RETURN ON AVERAGE TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY (NON-GAAP)
 
Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net earnings applicable to common shareholders (GAAP)
$
88,324

 
$
35,605

 
$
25,489

Adjustments, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
Impairment loss on goodwill

 
583

 

Amortization of core deposit and other intangibles
2,425

 
2,677

 
2,722

Net earnings applicable to common shareholders, excluding the effects of the adjustments, net of tax (non-GAAP) (a)
$
90,749

 
$
38,865


$
28,211

 
 
 
 
 
 
Average common equity (GAAP)
$
4,990,317

 
$
4,862,972

 
$
4,644,722

Average goodwill
(1,014,129
)
 
(1,014,986
)
 
(1,015,129
)
Average core deposit and other intangibles
(49,069
)
 
(53,083
)
 
(65,837
)
Average tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (b)
$
3,927,119

 
$
3,794,903

 
$
3,563,756

 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of days in quarter (c)
90

 
92

 
91

Number of days in year (d)
365

 
366

 
366

 
 
 
 
 
 
Tangible return on average tangible common equity
(non-GAAP) (a/b/c*d)
9.37
%
 
4.07
%
 
3.18
%
4. Total shareholders’ equity to tangible equity and tangible common equity
This Form 10-Q presents “tangible equity” and “tangible common equity” which excludes goodwill and core deposit and other intangibles for both measures and preferred stock and noncontrolling interests for tangible common equity.
The following schedule provides a reconciliation of total shareholders’ equity (GAAP) to both tangible equity (non-GAAP) and tangible common equity (non-GAAP).
TANGIBLE EQUITY (NON-GAAP) AND TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY (NON-GAAP)
(Amounts in millions)
March 31,
2013
 
December 31,
2012
 
March 31,
2012
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total shareholders’ equity (GAAP)
$
6,351

 
$
6,049

 
$
6,387

Goodwill
(1,014
)
 
(1,014
)
 
(1,015
)
Core deposit and other intangibles
(47
)
 
(51
)
 
(64
)
Tangible equity (non-GAAP) (a)
5,290

 
4,984

 
5,308

Preferred stock
(1,301
)
 
(1,128
)
 
(1,738
)
Noncontrolling interests
5

 
3

 
2

Tangible common equity (non-GAAP) (b)
$
3,994

 
$
3,859

 
$
3,572

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets (GAAP)
$
54,111

 
$
55,512

 
$
52,896

Goodwill
(1,014
)
 
(1,014
)
 
(1,015
)
Core deposit and other intangibles
(47
)
 
(51
)
 
(64
)
Tangible assets (non-GAAP) (c)
$
53,050

 
$
54,447

 
$
51,817

 
 
 
 
 
 
Tangible equity ratio (a/c)
9.97
%
 
9.15
%
 
10.24
%
Tangible common equity ratio (b/c)
7.53
%
 
7.09
%
 
6.89
%

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For items 2, 3, and 4 the identified adjustments to reconcile from the applicable GAAP financial measures to the non-GAAP financial measures are included where applicable in financial results or in the balance sheet presented in accordance with GAAP. We consider these adjustments to be relevant to ongoing operating results and financial position.

We believe that excluding the amounts associated with these adjustments to present the non-GAAP financial measures provides a meaningful base for period-to-period and company-to-company comparisons, which will assist regulators, investors, and analysts in analyzing the operating results or financial position of the Company and in predicting future performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are used by management and the Board of Directors to assess the performance of the Company’s business or its financial position for evaluating bank reporting segment performance, for presentations of the Company’s performance to investors, and for other reasons as may be requested by investors and analysts. We further believe that presenting these non-GAAP financial measures will permit investors and analysts to assess the performance of the Company on the same basis as that applied by management and the Board of Directors.

Non-GAAP financial measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied, and are not audited. Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by stakeholders to evaluate a company, they have limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of results as reported under GAAP.

ITEM 3.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest rate and market risks are among the most significant risks regularly undertaken by the Company, and they are closely monitored as previously discussed. A discussion regarding the Company’s management of interest rate and market risk is included in the section entitled “Interest Rate and Market Risk Management” in this Form 10-Q.

ITEM 4.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2013. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2013. There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the first quarter of 2013 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.
OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information contained in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements is incorporated by reference herein.

ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
Other than for the additional risk factors set forth below, the Company believes there have been no material changes in the risk factors included in Zions Bancorporation’s 2012 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our business is highly correlated to local economic conditions in a specific geographic region of the United States.
As a regional bank holding company, the Company provides a full range of banking and related services through its banking and other subsidiaries in Utah, California, Texas, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado, Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. Approximately 86% of the Company’s total net interest income for the year ended December 31, 2012 and 76% of total assets as of December 31, 2012 relate to the subsidiary banks in Utah, California and Texas. As a result

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of this geographic concentration, our financial results depend largely upon economic conditions in these market areas. Accordingly, adverse economic conditions affecting these three states in particular could significantly affect our consolidated operations and financial results. For example, our credit risk could be elevated to the extent our lending practices in these three states focus on borrowers or groups of borrowers with similar economic characteristics that are similarly affected by the same adverse economic events. As of December 31, 2012, loan balances at our subsidiary banks in Utah, California and Texas comprised 82% of the Company’s commercial lending portfolio, 74% of the commercial real estate lending portfolio, and 69% of the consumer lending portfolio. Loans originated by these banks are primarily to companies in their respective states.

Our estimates of our interest rate risk position for noninterest-bearing demand deposits are dependent on assumptions for which there is little historical experience, and the actual behavior of those deposits in a changing interest rate environment may differ materially from our estimates which could materially affect our results of operations.
We have experienced a low interest rate environment for the past several years. Our views with respect to, among other things, the degree to which we are “asset-sensitive,” including our interest rate risk position for noninterest-bearing demand deposits, are dependent on modeled projections that rely on assumptions regarding changes in balances of such deposits in a changing interest rate environment. Because there is no modern precedent for this current prolonged low interest rate environment, there is little historical experience upon which to base such assumptions. If interest rates begin to increase, our assumptions regarding changes in balances of noninterest-bearing demand deposits and regarding the speed and degree to which other deposits are repriced may prove to be incorrect, and business decisions made in reliance on our modeled projections and underlying assumptions could prove to be unsuccessful. Because noninterest-bearing demand deposits are a significant portion of our deposit base, errors in our modeled projections and the underlying assumptions could materially affect our results of operations.

ITEM 2.
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchases for the first quarter of 2013:

SHARE REPURCHASES
Period
 
Total number
of shares
repurchased 1
 
Average
price paid
per share
 
Total number of shares
purchased as part of
publicly announced
plans or programs
 
Approximate dollar
value of shares that
may yet be purchased
under the plan
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
January
 
 
1,710

 
 
$
22.77

 
 

 
 
 
$

 
February
 
 
15,333

 
 
23.93

 
 

 
 
 

 
March
 
 
166

 
 
24.04

 
 

 
 
 

 
First quarter
 
 
17,209

 
 
23.82

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
1 
Represents common shares acquired from employees in connection with the Company’s stock compensation plan. Shares were acquired from employees to pay for their payroll taxes upon the vesting of restricted stock and restricted stock units under the “withholding shares” provision of an employee share-based compensation plan.

ITEM 6.
EXHIBITS
a)Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
 
Description
 
 
 
 
 
3.1
 
Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation dated November 8, 1993, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form S-4 filed on November 22, 1993.
*
 
 
 
 
3.2
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation dated April 30, 1997, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008.
*

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Exhibit
Number
 
Description
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3.3
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation dated April 24, 1998, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009.
*
 
 
 
 
3.4
 
Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation dated April 25, 2001, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 of Form S-4 filed July 13, 2001.
*
 
 
 
 
3.5
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation, dated December 5, 2006, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.
*
 
 
 
 
3.6
 
Articles of Merger of The Stockmen’s Bancorp, Inc. with and into Zions Bancorporation, effective January 17, 2007, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2012.
*
 
 
 
 
3.7
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation, dated July 7, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K filed July 8, 2008.
*
 
 
 
 
3.8
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation, dated November 12, 2008, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K filed November 17, 2008.
*
 
 
 
 
3.9
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation, dated June 30, 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K filed July 2, 2009.
*
 
 
 
 
3.10
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation dated June 30, 2009, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.10 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009.
*
 
 
 
 
3.11
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation dated June 1, 2010, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K filed June 3, 2010.
*
 
 
 
 
3.12
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation dated June 14, 2010, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K filed June 15, 2010.
*
 
 
 
 
3.13
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation with respect to the Series F Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated May 4, 2012, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K filed May 5, 2012.
*
 
 
 
 
3.14
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation with respect to the Series G Fixed/Floating-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated February 5, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K filed February 7, 2013.
*
 
 
 
 
3.15
 
Articles of Amendment to the Restated Articles of Incorporation of Zions Bancorporation with respect to the Series H Fixed-Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, dated April 29, 2013, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Form 8-K filed May 3, 2013.
*
 
 
 
 
3.16
 
Restated Bylaws of Zions Bancorporation dated November 8, 2011, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.13 of Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2011.
*
 
 
 
 
10.1
 
Cessation of Employment and Consulting Agreement between the Company and Kenneth E. Peterson, dated February 28, 2013 (filed herewith).
 
 
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification by Chief Executive Officer required by Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith).
 
 
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification by Chief Financial Officer required by Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (filed herewith).
 
 
 
 
 
32
 
Certification by Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by Sections 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 (furnished herewith).
 
 
 
 
 

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Exhibit
Number
 
Description
 
 
 
 
 
101
 
Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2013 and December 31, 2012, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and March 31, 2012, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and March 31, 2012, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and March 31, 2012, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2013 and March 31, 2012, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (furnished herewith).
 
* Incorporated by reference




SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
    
 
ZIONS BANCORPORATION
 
/s/ Harris H. Simmons
Harris H. Simmons, Chairman, President
and Chief Executive Officer
 
/s/ Doyle L. Arnold
Doyle L. Arnold, Vice Chairman and
Chief Financial Officer
Date: May 9, 2013

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